CN101693407A - Numerically-controlled plastic thin-layer sediment moulding machine - Google Patents
Numerically-controlled plastic thin-layer sediment moulding machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN101693407A CN101693407A CN200910071014A CN200910071014A CN101693407A CN 101693407 A CN101693407 A CN 101693407A CN 200910071014 A CN200910071014 A CN 200910071014A CN 200910071014 A CN200910071014 A CN 200910071014A CN 101693407 A CN101693407 A CN 101693407A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/118—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
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Abstract
The invention relates to a numerically-controlled plastic thin-layer sediment moulding machine comprising moulding heads and a machine tool base. The machine is characterized in that the machine tool base is fixed with a vertical bracket provided with a cross beam, the vertical bracket is provided with an X axial movement moulding head and a Z axial movement moulding head, and the machine tool base is provided with a Y axial movement worktable. The invention has the advantages that the moulding machine adopts vertical movement injection of the raw material and worktable movement to form a compound space motion track so as to form three-dimensional plastic piling workpieces and an associated plastic model; the moulding machine can directly use plastic granules of PP,PE, ABS and the like so as to reduce the production cost and can be associated with the plastic model so as to enhance the size precision of the workpieces (the error is no bigger than 0.04 mm); relatively low-temperature workpieces with defects in moulding can be baked by the associated plastic model so that the workpieces are melt and moulded in the precise associated plastic model and the deficiencies of the workpieces are eliminated; and the raw material can be used for many times.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the three-dimensional part model rapid shaping technique, relate in particular to a kind of numerically-controlled plastic thin-layer sediment moulding machine.
Background technology
At present, the field that rapid shaping is used has almost comprised the industry-by-industry in the field of making, and has also obtained application more and more widely in industries such as medical treatment, ergonomic, historical relic's protections.Discrete/accumulation moulding that the three-dimensional part model rapid shaping technique belongs to.It proposes a brand-new thoughtcast dimension model from forming principle, be about to the three-dimensional part model made on the computer, carrying out gridding handles and stores, it is carried out layering handles, obtain the two-dimensional silhouette information of each layer cross section, automatically generate machining path according to these profile informations, by moulded head under the control of control system, optionally solidify or cutting moulding material from level to level, form each cross section profile thin slice, and be gradually superimposed into three-dimensional blank. carry out the post processing of blank then, form part.The technical process of rapid shaping is specific as follows: the 1) structure of product threedimensional model.Because the RP system is directly driven by three-dimensional CAD model, therefore at first to make up the three-dimensional CAD model of institute's processing work.This three-dimensional CAD model can utilize computer aided design software (as Pro/E, I-DEAS, Solid Works, UG etc.) directly make up, also the two-dimentional pattern of existing procucts can be changed and form threedimensional model, or product entity carried out laser scanning, CT tomoscan, and obtain cloud data, utilize the method for reverse engineering to construct threedimensional model then.2) approximate processing of threedimensional model.Because product often has some irregular free form surfaces, to carry out approximate processing to model before the processing, with convenient follow-up data processing work.Because STL formatted file form is simple, practical, become the accurate interface document of fiducial mark in rapid shaping field at present.It is to approach original model with a series of little triangle projective planum, and each little triangle is described with 3 apex coordinates and a normal vector, and leg-of-mutton size can be selected according to required precision.Typical C AD software all has the function of conversion and output STL formatted file.3) slicing treatment of threedimensional model.According to the suitable machine direction of the feature selecting of processed model, on the moulding short transverse with the plane cutting of a series of certain intervals the model after approximate so that extract the profile information in cross section.4) processing and forming.According to the cross section profile of slicing treatment, under computer control, corresponding moulded head (laser head or shower nozzle) is done scanning motion by each cross section profile information, piles up material on workbench last layer one deck ground, and is then that each layer is bonding, finally obtains raw product.5) post processing of forming part.In formation system, take out profiled member, polish, polish, be coated with extension, or be placed on and carry out the back sintering in the high temperature furnace, further improve its intensity.The key character that the special art of rapid shaping has: 1) can make the three-dimensional geometry entity of any complexity.2) rapidity.By just can obtain the design and the machining information of a new parts to the modification of a cad model or reorganization.Hour just can produce part from several hrs to tens, have the outstanding feature of quick manufacturing.3) highly flexible.Need not any special fixture or instrument and can finish complicated manufacture process, fast worker mould, prototype or part.4) rapid shaping technique has realized the two big advanced targets that the mechanical engineering subject is pursued for many years. be extraction (gas, the liquid-solid phase) process of material and manufacture process is integrated and design (CAD) with to make (CAM) integrated.5) combine with reverse engineering (ReverseEngineering), cad technique, network technology, virtual reality etc., become the certainly strong instrument of speed exploitation of product.Rapid shaping technique can be divided into two classes according to forming method: based on the forming technique (Laser Technology) of laser and other light sources, for example: photocuring moulding (SLA), laminated solid body manufacturing (LOM), select territory laser powder sintering (SLS), shape deposition modeling (SDM) etc.; Based on the forming technique (Jetting Technoloy) that sprays, for example: fusion sediment moulding (FDM), three dimensional printing (3DP), heterogeneous jet deposition (MJD).Wherein FDM (fusion sediment moulding) technology is to be succeeded in developing in 1988 by American scholar Scott Crump.The material of FDM generally is a thermoplastic, as wax, ABS, nylon etc.With thread feed.Material is heated fusing in shower nozzle.Shower nozzle is along the part section profile and fill orbiting motion, simultaneously the material of fusing is extruded, and material solidifies rapidly, and with on every side condensation of materials.Rapid shaping technique commonly used at present, especially domestic is the mode that adopts three-dimensional printer.Three-dimensional printer all is a foreign brand name, roughly is divided into both direction by the intensity and the purposes of product; A kind of model that is used for shows that intensity is low, generally makes finished product with starch or the big material of a little resilient flexible, and color is various to be selected, as U.S. 3D PRINTER etc.; Another kind is exactly the industrial plastic model, and the intensity height near the intensity of working of plastics, directly can use, and emphasizes to adopt single engineering plastic powder to do raw material, and expensive raw material price is as DIMENSION.Three-dimensional printer adopts engineering plastics to carry out dusty spray, again the mode of hot briquetting.Advantage is simple to operate, and general clerk need not train, as long as there is the three-dimensional modeling figure of certain format just can operate; Shortcoming is that consumptive material costs an arm and a leg, and can only must buy to the company of professional production with the material of appointment, prints the cost height.Though the field that rapid shaping technique is used is very extensive, the consumables cost costliness that rapid forming equipment uses has stoped the popularization of rapid shaping technique.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned technology, and a kind of numerically-controlled plastic thin-layer sediment moulding machine is provided, moulding can be selected the particle masterbatch of multiple plastics for use, overcomes necessary specified material, causes the expensive defective of consumptive material; Adopt the vertical mobile injection moulding of raw material and form the composite space movement locus, form three-dimensional plastics and pile up workpiece and follow plastic pattern with movable workbench.
The present invention for achieving the above object, by the following technical solutions: a kind of numerically-controlled plastic thin-layer sediment moulding machine, comprise moulded head and lathe base, it is characterized in that: the vertical support frame that fixedly has crossbeam on the described lathe base, described vertical support frame is provided with that X axis moves and the axially movable moulded head of Z, and described lathe base is provided with Y-axis to moving bolster.
Affixed guide rail on the crossbeam of described vertical support frame, the vertical connecting plate that is connected with of guide plate front end that is slidingly connected with guide rail, affixed screw on the described connecting plate, screw be bearing in leading screw on the crossbeam and be spirally connected and be the X axis transmission, be connected with the planker pair on the described connecting plate, the affixed moulded head of last planker of described planker pair, following planker and lead screw pair are in transmission connection and are the axial transmission of Z.
Described moulded head is made of servomotor and plastic extruder, and described servomotor output shaft is connected with the extruding screw conveyer axle of plastic extruder.
Described moulded head is made of the extruder on the inside and outside border of injection moulding thin plate and two moulded heads of extruder in the injection moulding thin plate borderline region.
Affixed screw on the described moving bolster, screw are Y-axis to transmission with being bearing in that leading screw on the lathe base is spirally connected and sliding by guide rail.
Described leading screw is a ball-screw.
Described vertical support frame is planer-type support or cantilever support.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: casting machine adopts the vertical mobile injection moulding of raw material and forms the composite space movement locus with movable workbench, forms three-dimensional plastics and piles up workpiece and follow plastic pattern.It can directly use multiple plastic grains such as PP, PE, ABS to be raw material, reduces production costs; Simultaneously can also follow mould of plastics, make the dimensional accuracy of workpiece improve (error is not more than 0.04mm); Relatively low-temperature workpieces produces defective and can utilize and follow mould of plastics to toast when moulding, makes workpiece following moulding again after the thawing in the mould of plastics accurately, has eliminated workpiece, defect.Raw material also can repeatedly back and forth use.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention.
Among the figure: 1. lathe base, 2. planer-type support, the axial ball-screw of 3.X, 4. crossbeam, 5. guide rail, 5-1. guide plate, 6. servomotor, 7. planker pair, the last planker of 7-1., 7-2. following planker, 8. plastic extruder, 8-1. extruding screw conveyer axle, 9. workbench, the axial ball-screw of 10.Y, the axial lead screw pair of 11.Z, 12. plastic extruder, 13. moulded heads, 14. connecting plates.
The specific embodiment
Describe the specific embodiment of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and preferred embodiment.
See accompanying drawing for details, a kind of numerically-controlled plastic thin-layer sediment moulding machine comprises moulded head and lathe base 1, fixedly has the vertical support frame of crossbeam 4 on the described lathe base, and described vertical support frame is planer-type support 2 or cantilever support.Described vertical support frame is provided with that X axis moves and the axially movable moulded head 13 of Z, and described lathe base is provided with Y-axis to moving bolster 9.Affixed guide rail 5 on the crossbeam of described vertical support frame, the vertical connecting plate 14 that is connected with of guide plate 5-1 front end that is slidingly connected with guide rail, affixed screw (not shown) on the described connecting plate, screw is spirally connected 3 with the leading screw that is bearing on the crossbeam, can drive connecting plate and the moulded head integral body above affixed is the X axis transmission, be connected with planker pair 7 on the described connecting plate, the affixed moulded head of last planker 7-1 of described planker pair, following planker 7-2 and lead screw pair 11 are in transmission connection, and can drive moulded head and be the axial transmission of Z.Described moulded head 13 is made of servomotor 6 and plastic extruder, and described servomotor output shaft is connected with the extruding screw conveyer axle 8-1 of plastic extruder.Described moulded head is made of the extruder 8 on the inside and outside border of injection moulding thin plate and 12 two moulded heads of extruder in the injection moulding thin plate borderline region.Affixed screw (not shown) on the described moving bolster, screw be bearing in that leading screw 10 on the lathe base is spirally connected and slide by guide rail, make workbench along Y-axis to moving.Described leading screw is a ball-screw.Described vertical support frame is planer-type support or cantilever support.
Operation principle: computer CAM software is outputed to equipment with the orbiting motion program file that model virtual is divided into behind the several layers, utilize two or many plastics refining devices with different plastic grain raw material heating and plastify liquid state, form three-dimensional plastics with numerical control linkage device space orbiting motion and pile up workpiece and follow plastic pattern.
Workflow
Computer three-dimensional modeling-computer track post processor output-numerically-controlled plastic thin-layer sediment moulding machine reception-working procedure-formed product-toast-peel off-final products.
Earlier by computer three-dimensional drawing software such as MATSTECAM, UG, PRO/E etc. draw out three-dimensional model diagram, with X, Y, the movement locus post processing of three directions of Z becomes the receptible program file of lathe PLC, mode with DNC passes to numerically-controlled plastic thin-layer sediment moulding machine, be installed in the plastic extruder on the planker, under the drive of ball-screw, move up and down in Z-direction, be installed in the planker 7 on the crossbeam rail plate 5, under the drive of ball-screw 3, along the directions X side-to-side movement, be installed in the workbench 9 on the lathe base 1, the Y direction moves forward and backward in the drive lower edge of ball-screw 10, has constituted three-dimensional space motion.Power resources are in servomotor, and by the control of PLC control system, transmission mechanism all is a ball-screw, does three-shaft linkage under the control of programmed instruction.Extruder 8 and extruder 12 are heated up by the temperature of setting, reach the follow-up continuation of insurance of design temperature temperature half an hour to one hour in temperature, (for example 8 the insides add 300-425 ℃ of LCP particles fuse temperature to inject the plastics of unlike material by the automatic charging machine (not shown) subsequently in the charging aperture of extruder 8 and extruder 12; 12 the insides add styrene particles fuse temperature: 180-280 ℃, utilize the temperature difference of two kinds of plastics) particle, extruder 8 and extruder 12 make plastics plasticizing and fusion under the control of servomotor.The plastics that extruder 8 descends and ejection is liquid are to the tray (not shown) of workbench, cooling forms the thin layer sheet plastic rapidly, the outer of this thin plate is as inner boundary, extruder 8 expansions are extruded the zone and are formed thin plate once more, the interior edge of this thin plate is as external boundary, extruder 8 rises, and finishes the work.Extrude 12 descend and in the inner and outer boundary that two thin plates that extruder 8 is made form the plastics of perfusion unlike material, when thickness is equal to the thin plate that extruder 8 makes, stop and rising to finish once circulating.So repeatedly back and forth, accumulation stack back becomes three-dimensional workpiece and is then formed by the inner and outer boundary thin plate of accumulation stack to follow mould of plastics.Subsequently, taking out with this workpiece and after following mould of plastics to toast one hour in the baking oven, peel off the plastics part of following mould of plastics promptly to obtain substituting mold injection by design temperature.
Below by embodiment, this technology role in product development process is described.
1. design verification: be used for new product appearance design tinkling of pieces of jade card and structure design verification, find out design defect, improve product design.In the modern product design, design means is advanced day by day, CAD makes product design quick, directly perceived, but because the limitation of software and hardware, the designer still can't estimate effect and the reasonability of structure and the feasibility of production technology of designed product intuitively.Rapid shaping technique obtains outturn sample rapidly for the designer, intuitively passes judgment on product advanced technological means is provided.My company is the covering exemplar that novel 250 motorcycles of certain motorcycle factory are made, and comprises totally 13 of fuel tank, front and rear baffle, vehicle seat and side covers etc.Adopt the AFS forming technique, only with just finishing whole making in 12 days.The designer is contained in exemplar on the car body, through conscientiously estimating and compare repeatedly, the outward appearance of product is remodified, and has reached perfect condition.This proof procedure makes design more become perfect, has avoided the waste of blindly going into operation and causing.
2. assembling checking: make the real part of sample, carry out assembly experiment.Tianjin company entrusts us to process facsimile machine shell and phone.The user not only will carry out ocular estimate, and in the exemplar of the internal part of facsimile machine will being packed into, carries out assembly experiment and structure evaluation.Traditional diamond-making technique is at first selected by the said firm, piecemeal processing, and manual adhesive is only processed once the cover telephone receiver and is costed wantonly thousand yuan, 20 days consuming time.Estimating to make the facsimile machine sample needs 2 months, and expense is 2.5 ten thousand yuan.My company's rapid shaping technique, only with 15 days just with this product one cover totally six give the consigner.The user has found assembling interference of 7 places and unreasonable structure place in assembly experiment.The two kinds of methods in front and back are compared, and facsimile machine BABS plastics assembling exemplar traditional diamond-making technique operation is various, time-consuming, the effort of manual splicing, and waste of material is big, the process-cycle is long.To the structure and the curved surface of complexity, process coarsely, dimensional accuracy is low, the mock-up of making and design a model between can not set up relation one to one, thereby in assembly experiment, be difficult to check out design mistake.And the automatic moulding method is increasingly automated, one-shot forming, and the cycle is short, the precision height, and have relation one to one between designing a model, be more suitable for the production and the manufacturing of sample sets piece installing.
3. functional verification: my company is that certain motor depot makes 250 model twin-tub motorcycle cylinder head.This is a newly-designed engine, and the user needs 10 samples to carry out the simulated experiment of engine.This part has complex inner structure, and traditional machined can't be processed, and can only stay and use casting.Whole process need be passed through operations such as die sinking, coremaking, group mould, casting, sandblast and machine add, and is identical with actual production process.Wherein only one of die sinking just needs three months.This sample making for small lot still becomes all to be difficult on the wood accept in time.We adopt the precinct laser sintering technology, are moulding material with essence casting expendable pattern material, only with 10 casting fusible patterns that promptly processed this part in 5 days, again through full form casting process, have obtained cast blank after 10 days on rapidform machine.Through necessary machined, the trial-production of promptly finishing this kind of engine in 30 days.
4. turn over mold forming: in the practical application, a lot of products must just can process by mould.Producing the product exemplar earlier with make-up machine and turn over molding jig again, is a kind of not only having saved time but also the method for cost saving.Engine pump case prototype product is difficult to processing with traditional machine-tooled method, must pass through mould molding.It is estimated that the die sinking time is taken 8 months, expense at least 30 ten thousand.If product design is wrong, a whole set of mould is just all scrapped.We are with the speed forming method plastics exemplars that be this production, are used to turn over as the mould master mold and make the silica gel mould.With this master mold be fixed in the aluminium standard framed in, pour into the silicon rubber for preparing, left standstill 12-20 hour, silicon rubber solidifies fully, opens framedly, takes out silicon rubber and scratches along being scheduled to parting line with cutter, master mold is taken out, and the silica gel mould of the pump case wax pattern that is used to cast promptly turns over makes merit.Be molded into wax pattern by this, through being coated with shell, roasting, dewax, pressurization casting, sandblast, a qualified pump case foundry goods creates in short two months, through necessary machined, the operation of can installing, make whole trial-produce period shorten 2/3rds than conventional method, expense has saved 3/4ths.
5. sample making: the substitute that manufactures a product, be used to show new product, carry out the market propaganda, make as communication, household electrical appliances and BUILDINGS MODELS.
6. technology and material identification: the various wax-patterns of quick Fabrication are used for the test that the groping of smart casting new technology and new material, checking and new product are made required aid and parts.The experiment product of the smart casting blade of nearly no surplus.At first by different shrinkage factors with make-up machine several blade wax-patterns of producing once, be coated with shell, numbering, lost-wax casting then.Gained blade foundry goods is measured, can be determined several times that repeatedly different materials does not have the smart casting of surplus shrinkage factor, for batch process lays the foundation.If the way with the die sinking tool is carried out this test, its expense and cycle all will increase greatly.The high engine speeds turbine requires the material height, and foundry goods is closely knit.Use laser quick automatic forming machine, make smart casting with four of wax-patterns, numbering is coated with shell, uses different proportioning specific alloys, and casting is tested four samples of gained respectively, and the material optimum formula is promptly determined in addition comparative analysis respectively.Only need one month from molding to obtaining the result.
7. reverse engineering and rapid shaping: the front panel exemplar of a motorcycle of make-up machine moulding, comprised the outer cover of a headlight and two side lamps on the panel, they and panel constitute a complete curved surface.This is a representative instance that carries out detailed design of parts with reverse engineering.Whole technical process is at first to be required to make conceptual model with greasy filth according to the overall image of motorcycle by the moulder, after evaluating satisfaction, quantize with three-coordinates measuring machine, surface model is put and converted to measurement data in order with the Scantools module of Pro/E software, convert to again physical model go forward side by side " details " meter.The structures such as profile in poor reinforcement, hole and car hole are made the exemplar model by shaping mechanism at last, carry out checks such as outward appearance, assembling on the motorcycle through being contained in after the processing of polishing and spraying paint, and whole process is only used week age from finishing three dimension coordinate measurement to obtaining exemplar.The exemplar model that obtain this moment is different from initial plasticine model, and becomes and actual part wall thickness, consistent size, the part model that structures such as muscle, hole are complete, and this is than plasticine model very big progress beyond doubt.If at this moment need model is made amendment, only need on CAD system, just can finish.When the outward appearance of model and thin portion structure determine errorless after, just can utilize last model data to carry out the mould design and process.
The above only is the preferred embodiment of invention, is not that the structure of invention is done any pro forma restriction.Every technical spirit according to invention all still belongs in the scope of technical scheme of invention any simple modification, equivalent variations and modification that above embodiment did.
Claims (7)
1. numerically-controlled plastic thin-layer sediment moulding machine, comprise moulded head and lathe base, it is characterized in that: the vertical support frame that fixedly has crossbeam on the described lathe base, described vertical support frame is provided with that X axis moves and the axially movable moulded head of Z, and described lathe base is provided with Y-axis to moving bolster.
2. numerically-controlled plastic thin-layer sediment moulding machine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: affixed guide rail on the crossbeam of described vertical support frame, the vertical connecting plate that is connected with of guide plate front end that is slidingly connected with guide rail, affixed screw on the described connecting plate, screw be bearing in leading screw on the crossbeam and be spirally connected and be the X axis transmission, be connected with the planker pair on the described connecting plate, the affixed moulded head of last planker of described planker pair, following planker and lead screw pair are in transmission connection and are the axial transmission of Z.
3. numerically-controlled plastic thin-layer sediment moulding machine according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described moulded head is made of servomotor and plastic extruder, and described servomotor output shaft is connected with the extruding screw conveyer axle of plastic extruder.
4. numerically-controlled plastic thin-layer sediment moulding machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described moulded head is made of the extruder on the inside and outside border of injection moulding thin plate and two moulded heads of extruder in the injection moulding thin plate borderline region.
5. numerically-controlled plastic thin-layer sediment moulding machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: affixed screw on the described moving bolster, screw are Y-axis to transmission with being bearing in that leading screw on the lathe base is spirally connected and sliding by guide rail.
6. according to claim 1 or 2 or 5 described numerically-controlled plastic thin-layer sediment moulding machines, it is characterized in that: described leading screw is a ball-screw.
7. numerically-controlled plastic thin-layer sediment moulding machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described vertical support frame is planer-type support or cantilever support.
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| CN103213405A (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2013-07-24 | 田波 | 3D printer capable of being produced in mass mode and three-dimensional manufacturing method |
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