CN101692847A - Drying and processing method of red date - Google Patents

Drying and processing method of red date Download PDF

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CN101692847A
CN101692847A CN200910236471A CN200910236471A CN101692847A CN 101692847 A CN101692847 A CN 101692847A CN 200910236471 A CN200910236471 A CN 200910236471A CN 200910236471 A CN200910236471 A CN 200910236471A CN 101692847 A CN101692847 A CN 101692847A
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drying
red date
blanching
processing method
jujube
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CN101692847B (en
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高振江
肖红伟
娄正
杜志龙
姚雪东
林海
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China Agricultural University
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China Agricultural University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a drying and processing method of red date, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural product processing. The invention aims at supplying a drying and processing method of red date for processing red date in short time and big batches in harvesting season, improving processing technology, shortening drying time, improving quality and improving the sanitary condition of red date treatment. The drying and processing method of red data comprises taking fresh red date, removing impurities, sorting, cleaning, blanching, sterilizing, drying, cooling and packaging.

Description

A kind of drying and processing method of red date
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of drying and processing method of red date, belong to technical field of agricultural product process.
Background technology
Red date is the fruit of Rhamnaceae jujube jujube, originates in China, has very high economic worth.China is the main product state of world's red date, accounts for 90% of Gross World Product, 98% of the amount of international trade.Red date always is regarded as " nourishing top grade " as the fruit of " integration of drinking and medicinal herbs ".Important Arts for the People's Welfare are classified the nutritive value of red date as first of 42 kinds of fruits, and Shennong's Herbal, Compendium of Material Medica are all on the books to its medical value, think: " ripe edible; dried then can mend; that when Feng Jian can help, sufferings can be prepared against medicine, and auxiliary grain is to support the people's livelihood ", " dried jujube profit cardiopulmonary; cough-relieving; tonifying five zang organs are controlled deficiently, remove stomach addiction gas ", " date taste is sweet nontoxic; support spleen, flat stomach Qi in the peace, logical nine orifices ".
Modern scientific research shows that red date nutrient is abundant, carbohydrate containing 23.2g in the bright jujube of 100g, heat 430.54kJ, protein 1.2g, fat 0.2g, calcium 14mg, phosphorus 23mg, iron 0.5mg, the content of Vc is tens times of other fruit up to 192-359mg, have the title (Li of " natural complex ball ", J.W., Fan, L.P., Ding, S.D., Ding, X.L.Nutritional composition of five cultivars of chinesejujube.Food Chemistry, 2007,103,454-460).Modern medicine study is found, contain multiple important biological material in the red date, wherein CAMP (cAMP) is to coronary heart disease, angiocardiopathies such as miocardial infarction have prevention and therapeutic action (Cyong, J.C.and Kiyomichi, H.Cyclic adenosinemonophosphate in fruits of Zizyphusjujube.Phytochemistry, 1980,19,2747), zizyphus pectin can effectively be removed the oxygen radical in the human body, be antidotal main active (Izaldin, M.H.Gas liquid chromatog raphic determination of fatty acids and sterols of selectedIraqui foods.Food Compos Annl, 1987,1,59).The pharmacological action of date mainly comprises: tumour that anti-allergic effects, calmness, syngignoscism, hypotensive effect, liver protection function, enhancing muscle power, reduction cholesterol, prevention nitrites material cause and the propagation (Wang Min that can suppress cancer cell, Han Jun, Wang Qinglin. the fresh-keeping industry of developing China jujube. Xibei Univ. of Agricultural ﹠ Forest Science ﹠ Technology's journal, 2002,30 (9), 78-82).
After the red date maturation, moisture is still a lot of in the fruit, adds that the sugar content height can emit a large amount of respiration heats, gives the condition created of growing of mould, fungi, be easy to rot under the normal temperature, storage endurance does not run into overcast and rainy when especially gathering in the crops, the jujube fruit is cracking very easily, is very easy to fungal infection, causes a large amount of rotting.It is reported normal yield since dry untimely cause with a toll of 20-30%, if meet the mashed jujube loss of a run of wet weather more up to 50-70% (Li Nanqi. the passive type solar energy drier is used for the research of " jujube " drying mechanism. Agricultural University Of Shanxi's journal, 1987 (7), 93-107; Wen Huaixing, the beam pleat is preserved, permitted tree peony, Zhu Xiulin. the research of high Vc red date vacuum drying technique and equipment. light industry and machinery, 2002,4,31-33), red date is plucked the back except that eating raw on a small quantity, and the overwhelming majority must be through super-dry ability long-term storage and processing, drying is one of topmost mode in the elementary processing of red date, and drying process is directly determining the quality of dried jujube product.
At present, in the dry processing of red date, because self economic capability and planting scale are limit, the drying means of natural drying is still adopted in most of jujube farmings.This method has small investment, expense is low, advantage simple to operate, but natural drying is subjected to natural environment and weather effect serious, make that the product sanitary condition is poor, be subject to ant, insect contamination such as fly, and natural drying is long drying time, generally need more than 15 days, after plucking, fresh red date often handles just directly airing without any enzyme and sterilizing that goes out, enzyme and bacterium keep higher activity, it is reported in the process of natural drying drying approximately 10-15%, sometimes even reach 50% the red date (Gao Linchao that can rot, Kang Yan, Hao Qingying etc. the experimental study of the dry red date of sun wall heat collector. Agricultural University Of He'nan's journal, 2006,40 (6), 657-660), and the sugar in the red date and organic matter also can be consumed a part by high-intensity respiration in dry run, drying time is long more, lose big more, low more (the Chen Jinping of the dry yield of red date, Mu Qiyun, Tian Chengrui. different temperature rise modes are to the research of oven dry jujube quality influence. EI, 1999,15 (3), 237-240).
Except that natural drying, the drying of China's red date also is extensive use of the mode of drying room or heated kang drying.The drying room drying is meant at brick wood, brick mix structure drying room and on the ground masonry flue is set that burner hearth is built by laying bricks or stones outside drying room, or cave dwelling is transformed a little, lay out the bin charging tray again, draw materials so easily, small investment, but because masonry flue heat-transfer capability is little, heat energy is many discharges with flue gas, the thermal efficiency is very low, makes that the drying time is long, generally needs about 2 days, not only, need the frequent dish that falls everywhere because the drying room drying can't accurately be controlled baking temperature and be heated but also inhomogeneous; And heated kang drying labour intensity height not only, capacity usage ratio is low, and dry red date moisture content is inhomogeneous, the profile wrinkle, and color and luster is kermesinus, and the part red date has serious burnt burning.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of in short time harvest season, mass disposal red date, improve process technology, shorten drying time, improve quality, promote the drying and processing method of a kind of red date of the sanitary condition that red date handles.
A kind of drying and processing method of red date is characterized in that: described method comprises: obtain new fresh date step, removal of impurities, selection and cleaning step, blanching go out enzyme and sterilizing treatment step, drying steps, cooling step and packaging step.
The described blanching enzyme and sterilizing treatment step that goes out is: above-mentioned red date is carried out the anhydrous blanching enzyme and sterilizing that goes out with high temperature, at a high speed superheated steam handle, its blanching temperature is that 90~220 ℃, the relative humidity of superheated steam are 5~95%, the speed of superheated steam is that 3~25m/s, blanching time are 15~120s.
Described drying steps is: with the blanching red date rotary-drum vacuum impulse dryer of enzyme and sterilizing after handling that go out, drum rotation speed be 5~15rpm, baking temperature be 45~70 ℃, hothouse vacuum 0 and 0.075~0.098Mpa between with 2~10 minutes: 15~30 minutes pulsation ratio is pulsed, and stops drying when the wet basis moisture content of red date is reduced to 24~28%.
Described drying steps is: earlier with the rotary-drum vacuum impulse dryer wet basis moisture content of red date is reduced to 45~55% by initial 63~72%, and then with the mode of natural drying or mechanical hot-air seasoning red date wet basis moisture content is reduced to 24~28%; The parameter of rotary-drum vacuum impulse dryer is: drum rotation speed be 5~15rpm, baking temperature be 45~70 ℃, hothouse vacuum 0 and 0.075~0.098Mpa between with 2~10 minutes: 15~30 minutes pulsation ratio is pulsed.
Described mechanical hot-air seasoning is meant the heated-air drying of using gases jet impulse whizzer to having carried out at 45~55% red date with the wet basis moisture content behind the rotary-drum vacuum impulse dryer, its baking temperature is that 55~70 ℃, dry wind speed are that 5~25m/s, rotating cylinder rotating speed are 5~15rpm, treats that red date wet basis moisture content is reduced to stop drying at 24~28% o'clock.
Described mechanical hot-air seasoning is meant using wet basis moisture content behind the rotary-drum vacuum impulse dryer at 44~55% red date, the drying of carrying out with belt drying machine or cabinet type dryer or tunnel drier, the multilayer belt drying machine that wherein the preferred process amount is big is treated that red date wet basis moisture content is reduced to and was stopped drying at 24~28% o'clock.
Described removal of impurities, selection and cleaning step are: the new fresh date of getting firm harvesting, earlier foreign matters such as the jujube leaf in the new fresh date, branch are chosen and removed, then the mildew and rot jujube in the new fresh date, a slurry jujube, the jujube of damaging by worms, a broken jujube and jejune light green jujube are sorted out rejecting, to wash with running water through the new fresh date after removal of impurities and the selection again, remove surperficial earth and foreign material.
Go out in described removal of impurities, selection, cleaning step and blanching and also to comprise classification and stoning step between the enzyme and sterilizing treatment step.
The described blanching enzyme and sterilizing treatment step that goes out is: above-mentioned red date is carried out the anhydrous blanching enzyme and sterilizing that goes out with high temperature, at a high speed superheated steam handle, its blanching temperature is that 110-140 ℃, the relative humidity of superheated steam are that the speed of 25-35%, superheated steam is that 9~15m/s, blanching time are 90~120s.
The parameter of described rotary-drum vacuum impulse dryer is: drum rotation speed 10~15rpm, baking temperature be 60~65 ℃, hothouse vacuum 0 and 0.090~0.093Mpa between with 4~6 minutes: 16~25 minutes pulsation ratio is pulsed.
The described beneficial effect of technical solution of the present invention is: 1, the blanching enzyme and sterilizing that goes out is handled, and has effectively suppressed enzyme and activation of microorganism, has reduced rotting and the loss in dry run of new fresh date, has improved drying yield; 2, adopt rotary-drum vacuum impulse dryer technology, rate of drying is fast, product quality is high; 3, adopt the rotary-drum vacuum impulse dryer that new fresh date is reduced to short term security moisture earlier, and then according to circumstances select natural drying or heated-air drying, the problem of need the short time when efficiently solving the red date results, assault in enormous quantities being processed, reduced the loss of red date, save cost, improved quality.
The specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment the present invention is further set forth.
Embodiment one
A kind of drying and processing method step of red date is as follows: the 1. firm new fresh date of plucking; 2. earlier foreign matters such as the jujube leaf in the new fresh date, branch are chosen and removed, then wherein mildew and rot jujube, a slurry jujube, the jujube of damaging by worms, a broken jujube and jejune light green jujube are sorted out rejecting, and then will remove surperficial earth and foreign material with the running water flushing through the new fresh date after removal of impurities and the selection; 3. carry out the anhydrous blanching enzyme and sterilizing that goes out with high temperature, at a high speed superheated steam and handle, its blanching temperature is that 110 ℃, the relative humidity of superheated steam are 35%, the speed of superheated steam is that 9m/s, blanching time are 120s; 4. the red date after the enzyme and sterilizing that blanching gone out is handled carries out the rotary-drum vacuum impulse dryer, its drying process parameter be rotating speed be 5rpm, baking temperature be 50 ℃, hothouse vacuum 0 and 0.092Mpa between pulsation, vacuum is that drying time of 0 o'clock is 2 minutes in pulsation period, hothouse vacuum is that be 15 minutes the drying time of 0.092Mpa, stops drying when the wet basis moisture content of red date reduces to 25%; 5. after dried red date being cooled off naturally, pack.
Embodiment two
A kind of drying and processing method step of red date is as follows: the 1. firm new fresh date of plucking; 2. earlier foreign matters such as the jujube leaf in the new fresh date, branch are chosen and removed, then wherein mildew and rot jujube, a slurry jujube, the jujube of damaging by worms, a broken jujube and jejune light green jujube are sorted out rejecting, and then will remove surperficial earth and foreign material with the running water flushing through the new fresh date after removal of impurities and the selection; 3. to carrying out classification and use the stoner stoning according to size through the red date after removal of impurities, selection, the cleaning; 4. carry out the anhydrous blanching enzyme and sterilizing that goes out with high temperature, at a high speed superheated steam and handle, its blanching temperature is that 125 ℃, the relative humidity of superheated steam are 30%, the speed of superheated steam is that 12m/s, blanching time are 110s; 5. the red date after the enzyme and sterilizing that blanching gone out is handled carries out the rotary-drum vacuum impulse dryer, its drying process parameter be rotating speed be 10rpm, baking temperature be 60 ℃, hothouse vacuum 0 and 0.092Mpa between pulsation, vacuum is that drying time of 0 o'clock is 4 minutes in pulsation period, hothouse vacuum is that be 20 minutes the drying time of 0.092Mpa, stops drying when the wet basis moisture content of red date reduces to 24%; 6. after dried red date being cooled off naturally, pack.
Embodiment three
A kind of drying and processing method step of red date is as follows: the 1. firm new fresh date of plucking; 2. earlier foreign matters such as the jujube leaf in the new fresh date, branch are chosen and removed, then wherein mildew and rot jujube, a slurry jujube, the jujube of damaging by worms, a broken jujube and jejune light green jujube are sorted out rejecting, and then will remove surperficial earth and foreign material with the running water flushing through the new fresh date after removal of impurities and the selection; 3. carry out the anhydrous blanching enzyme and sterilizing that goes out with high temperature, at a high speed superheated steam and handle, its blanching temperature is that 140 ℃, the relative humidity of superheated steam are 25%, the speed of superheated steam is that 15m/s, blanching time are 90s; 4. the red date after the enzyme and sterilizing that blanching gone out is handled carries out the rotary-drum vacuum impulse dryer, its drying process parameter be rotating speed be 15rpm, baking temperature be 65 ℃, hothouse vacuum 0 and 0.090Mpa between pulsation, vacuum is that drying time of 0 o'clock is 5 minutes in pulsation period, hothouse vacuum is that be 25 minutes the drying time of 0.090Mpa, stops drying when the wet basis moisture content of red date reduces to 28%; 5. after dried red date being cooled off naturally, pack.
Embodiment four
A kind of drying and processing method step of red date is as follows: the 1. firm new fresh date of plucking; 2. earlier foreign matters such as the jujube leaf in the new fresh date, branch are chosen and removed, then wherein mildew and rot jujube, a slurry jujube, the jujube of damaging by worms, a broken jujube and jejune light green jujube are sorted out rejecting, and then will remove surperficial earth and foreign material with the running water flushing through the new fresh date after removal of impurities and the selection; 3. carry out the anhydrous blanching enzyme and sterilizing that goes out with high temperature, at a high speed superheated steam and handle, its blanching temperature is that 110 ℃, the relative humidity of superheated steam are 30%, the speed of superheated steam is that 12m/s, blanching time are 90s; 4. the red date after the enzyme and sterilizing that blanching gone out is handled carries out the rotary-drum vacuum impulse dryer, its drying process parameter be rotating speed be 10rpm, baking temperature be 60 ℃, hothouse vacuum 0 and 0.092Mpa between pulsation, vacuum is that drying time of 0 o'clock is 4 minutes in pulsation period, hothouse vacuum is that be 24 minutes the drying time of 0.092Mpa, stops the vacuum impulse dryer when the wet basis moisture content of red date reduces to 45%; 5. be that 45% red date carries out the gas jet impact rotary drying with the moisture content behind the vacuum impulse dryer, its technological parameter is: baking temperature is that 65 ℃, dry wind speed are that 20m/s, rotating cylinder rotating speed are 12rpm, treats that red date wet basis moisture content is reduced to stop drying at 26% o'clock; 6. after dried red date being cooled off naturally, pack.
Embodiment five
A kind of drying and processing method step of red date is as follows: the 1. firm new fresh date of plucking; 2. earlier foreign matters such as the jujube leaf in the new fresh date, branch are chosen and removed, then wherein mildew and rot jujube, a slurry jujube, the jujube of damaging by worms, a broken jujube and jejune light green jujube are sorted out rejecting, and then will remove surperficial earth and foreign material with the running water flushing through the new fresh date after removal of impurities and the selection; 3. to carrying out classification and use the stoner stoning according to size through the red date after removal of impurities, selection, the cleaning; 4. carry out the anhydrous blanching enzyme and sterilizing that goes out with high temperature, at a high speed superheated steam and handle, its blanching temperature is that 120 ℃, the relative humidity of superheated steam are 25%, the speed of superheated steam is that 12m/s, blanching time are 90s; 5. the red date after the enzyme and sterilizing that blanching gone out is handled carries out the rotary-drum vacuum impulse dryer, its drying process parameter be rotating speed be 15rpm, baking temperature be 60 ℃, hothouse vacuum 0 and 0.091Mpa between pulsation, vacuum is that drying time of 0 o'clock is 6 minutes in pulsation period, hothouse vacuum is that be 25 minutes the drying time of 0.091Mpa, stops the vacuum impulse dryer when the wet basis moisture content of red date reduces to 55%; 6. be that 40% red date carries out the natural drying drying with the moisture content behind the vacuum impulse dryer, treat that red date wet basis moisture content is reduced to and stopped drying at 25% o'clock; 7. after dried red date being cooled off naturally, pack.
Embodiment six
A kind of drying and processing method step of red date is as follows: the 1. firm new fresh date of plucking; 2. earlier foreign matters such as the jujube leaf in the new fresh date, branch are chosen and removed, then wherein mildew and rot jujube, a slurry jujube, the jujube of damaging by worms, a broken jujube and jejune light green jujube are sorted out rejecting, and then will remove surperficial earth and foreign material with the running water flushing through the new fresh date after removal of impurities and the selection; 3. carry out the anhydrous blanching enzyme and sterilizing that goes out with high temperature, at a high speed superheated steam and handle, its blanching temperature is that 180 ℃, the relative humidity of superheated steam are 10%, the speed of superheated steam is that 25m/s, blanching time are 30s; 4. the red date after the enzyme and sterilizing that blanching gone out is handled carries out the rotary-drum vacuum impulse dryer, its drying process parameter be rotating speed be 10rpm, baking temperature be 70 ℃, hothouse vacuum 0 and 0.085Mpa between pulsation, vacuum is that drying time of 0 o'clock is 3 minutes in pulsation period, hothouse vacuum is that be 30 minutes the drying time of 0.085Mpa, stops the vacuum impulse dryer when the wet basis moisture content of red date reduces to 50%; 5. be that 50% red date carries out multilayer belt heated-air drying with the moisture content behind the vacuum impulse dryer, treat that red date wet basis moisture content is reduced to and stopped drying at 28% o'clock; 6. after dried red date being cooled off naturally, pack.
At the red date collecting season, if process equipment anxiety, in order to guarantee that all new fresh dates can both be handled timely, can be earlier will be dried to moisture content 45~55% through the blanching red date of enzyme after handling that go out with the fast rotary-drum vacuum impulse dryer technology of rate of drying, guarantee they three to around can not break down, so after treating that new fresh date all obtains preliminary drying processing, according to circumstances select the mode of natural drying or heated-air drying to carry out final drying again.The measurement of red date moisture content can use infrared ray (halogen) moisture teller to carry out on-line moisture determination in the dry run, and is convenient, fast.Can carry out classification to big red date such as Zanhuang date, Lingbao City's date, tall bottle with spout jujube etc. in the process and stoning is handled, to the less little red date of individuality such as golden jujube, heart jujube etc. then discomfort be fit to do classification and stoning is handled.
It should be noted last that, above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can make amendment or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, and not breaking away from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed among the claim scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. the drying and processing method of a red date is characterized in that:
Described method comprises: obtain new fresh date step, removal of impurities, selection and cleaning step, blanching go out enzyme and sterilizing treatment step, drying steps, cooling step and packaging step.
2. the drying and processing method of a kind of red date according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
The described blanching enzyme and sterilizing treatment step that goes out is: above-mentioned red date is carried out the anhydrous blanching enzyme and sterilizing that goes out with high temperature, at a high speed superheated steam handle, its blanching temperature is that 90~220 ℃, the relative humidity of superheated steam are 5~95%, the speed of superheated steam is that 3~25m/s, blanching time are 15~120s.
3. the drying and processing method of a kind of red date according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described drying steps is: with the blanching red date rotary-drum vacuum impulse dryer of enzyme and sterilizing after handling that go out, drum rotation speed be 5~15rpm, baking temperature be 45~70 ℃, hothouse vacuum 0 and 0.075~0.098Mpa between with 2~10 minutes: 15~30 minutes pulsation ratio is pulsed, and stops drying when the wet basis moisture content of red date is reduced to 24~28%.
4. the drying and processing method of a kind of red date according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described drying steps is: earlier with the rotary-drum vacuum impulse dryer wet basis moisture content of red date is reduced to 40~50% by initial 63~72%, and then with the mode of natural drying or mechanical hot-air seasoning red date wet basis moisture content is reduced to 20~25%; The parameter of rotary-drum vacuum impulse dryer is: drum rotation speed be 5~15rpm, baking temperature be 45~70 ℃, hothouse vacuum 0 and 0.075~0.098Mpa between with 2~10 minutes: 15~30 minutes pulsation ratio is pulsed.
5. the drying and processing method of a kind of red date according to claim 4 is characterized in that:
Described mechanical hot-air seasoning is meant the heated-air drying of using gases jet impulse whizzer to having carried out at 40~50% red date with the wet basis moisture content behind the rotary-drum vacuum impulse dryer, its baking temperature is that 55~70 ℃, dry wind speed are that 5~25m/s, rotating cylinder rotating speed are 5~15rpm, treats that red date wet basis moisture content is reduced to stop drying at 24~28% o'clock.
6. the drying and processing method of a kind of red date according to claim 4 is characterized in that:
Described mechanical hot-air seasoning is meant using wet basis moisture content behind the rotary-drum vacuum impulse dryer at 45~55% red date, the drying of carrying out with belt drying machine or cabinet type dryer or tunnel drier, the multilayer belt drying machine that wherein the preferred process amount is big is treated that red date wet basis moisture content is reduced to and was stopped drying at 24~28% o'clock.
7. the drying and processing method of a kind of red date according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described removal of impurities, selection and cleaning step are: the new fresh date of getting firm harvesting, earlier foreign matters such as the jujube leaf in the new fresh date, branch are chosen and removed, then the mildew and rot jujube in the new fresh date, a slurry jujube, the jujube of damaging by worms, a broken jujube and jejune light green jujube are sorted out rejecting, to wash with running water through the new fresh date after removal of impurities and the selection again, remove surperficial earth and foreign material.
8. the drying and processing method of a kind of red date according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: going out in described removal of impurities, selection, cleaning step and blanching also comprises classification and stoning step between the enzyme and sterilizing treatment step.
9. the drying and processing method of a kind of red date according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that:
The described blanching enzyme and sterilizing treatment step that goes out is: above-mentioned red date is carried out the anhydrous blanching enzyme and sterilizing that goes out with high temperature, at a high speed superheated steam handle, its blanching temperature is that 110-140 ℃, the relative humidity of superheated steam are that the speed of 25-35%, superheated steam is that 9~15m/s, blanching time are 90~120s.
10. according to the drying and processing method of claim 3 or 4 described a kind of red dates, it is characterized in that:
The parameter of described rotary-drum vacuum impulse dryer is: drum rotation speed 10~15rpm, baking temperature be 60~65 ℃, hothouse vacuum 0 and 0.090~0.093Mpa between with 4~6 minutes: 16~25 minutes pulsation ratio is pulsed.
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