CN101586489B - 在dpf再生模式下冷却热排放的新鲜空气旁路 - Google Patents

在dpf再生模式下冷却热排放的新鲜空气旁路 Download PDF

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CN101586489B
CN101586489B CN200910203073XA CN200910203073A CN101586489B CN 101586489 B CN101586489 B CN 101586489B CN 200910203073X A CN200910203073X A CN 200910203073XA CN 200910203073 A CN200910203073 A CN 200910203073A CN 101586489 B CN101586489 B CN 101586489B
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particulate filter
bypass channel
engine
diesel particulate
air
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CN101586489A (zh
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J·李
R·米塔尔
M·C·卢克汉
S·巴加瓦
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
    • F02B37/16—Control of the pumps by bypassing charging air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
    • F01N13/082—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of tailpipe, e.g. with means for mixing air with exhaust for exhaust cooling, dilution or evacuation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/05—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of air, e.g. by mixing exhaust with air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/103—Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N9/002—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus of filter regeneration, e.g. detection of clogging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
    • F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
    • F02M26/05—High pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust system upstream of the turbine and reintroduced into the intake system downstream of the compressor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

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Abstract

本发明涉及在DPF再生模式下冷却热排放的新鲜空气旁路，具体来说，一种发动机***包括具有排放歧管的柴油发动机，所述排放歧管连接到柴油发动机。排放通道连接到排放歧管，并且柴油颗粒过滤器布置在排放通道中。空气进气通道设置用于给柴油发动机供应新鲜空气。旁路通道连接在空气进气通道和柴油颗粒过滤器下游的位置处的排放通道之间。旁路通道包括旁路控制阀，旁路控制阀用于在柴油颗粒过滤器再生循环期间当车辆在低速或怠速时打开和关闭旁路通道。

Description

在DPF再生模式下冷却热排放的新鲜空气旁路
技术领域
本发明涉及柴油发动机***，且更具体地涉及包括新鲜空气旁路从而在低车速和怠速时在柴油颗粒过滤器再生模式下冷却热排放的柴油发动机***。
背景技术
本部分中的陈述仅仅提供与本发明有关的背景信息并且可能不构成现有技术。
对于柴油发动机来说，通常需要柴油颗粒过滤器以符合由环境保护局对2007年及之后的车型设定的颗粒物排放目标。柴油颗粒过滤器在正常操作条件期间捕集颗粒物并且必须在任何操作条件下在高排放温度时周期性地再生。一般来说，取决于为发动机***所选择的工作循环，柴油颗粒过滤器再生间隔大约为250到350英里。然而，怠速时在柴油颗粒过滤器再生期间尾管出口遇有450℃和600℃之间的高排放温度，这引起了安全问题。为了解决该问题，排放冷却器或射流泵事先被定位在排气管上。冷却器将周围空气夹带进热排放中并降低排放温度。为了夹带充足量的空气，冷却器喷嘴直径通常比排气管直径更小。这限制了排放流并且增加了额外的到排放***的背压。这因此导致增加的燃料消耗并且限制在额定条件下可能产生的最大功率。为了在怠速时冷却排放的目的而增加到排气管的任何设备都可能潜在地增加额定条件下的背压。
发明内容
本发明的***提供旁路，该旁路用于：在不增加背压情况下，在怠速和低速模式时，在柴油颗粒过滤器再生模式期间，从增压冷却器出口或入口将新鲜空气传送到柴油颗粒过滤器之后的热排放。新鲜空气将与尾管中的热排放混合并且降低出口处的排放温度。
进一步的适用范围从在此提供的描述将变得显而易见。应当理解，本描述和特定例子仅用作说明目的，并不意图限制本发明的范围。
附图说明
在此描述的附图仅用作说明目的，并不意图以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
附图1提供根据本发明原理的发动机***的示意图，其包括新鲜空气旁路从而在低车速和怠速时在柴油颗粒过滤器再生模式下冷却热排放。
具体实施方式
下面的描述本质上仅是示范性的，并不意图限制本发明、应用或使用。
参考附图，现在将描述本发明的发动机***10。发动机***10包括柴油发动机12，柴油发动机12包括发动机缸体，发动机缸体具有多个限定汽缸14的孔。空气进气歧管16连接到发动机用于给汽缸14提供进气空气。空气进气通道18连接到空气进气歧管16，并且包括与涡轮增压器21连通的进气节气门阀20和用于给发动机12提供压缩的冷却空气的增压空气冷却器24。涡轮增压器21包括与进气空气连通的压缩机22和与废气连通的可变几何结构(VG)涡轮机32。
空气排气歧管28设置为与发动机12的汽缸14连通，并且连接到排气通道30。VG涡轮机32与排放通道30连通并且驱动压缩机22。带有可变结构涡轮机的涡轮增压器根据发动机负荷改变涡轮机的输出。在这种方式下，最优的增压压力能得到维持并且最优的使用能够由废气中的能量形成。横截面变化通过重置涡轮机叶片(低速时较小的接触表面，高速时较大的接触表面)来形成。VG涡轮机涡轮增压器在部分负荷时特别有效并且消除“涡轮迟滞”。它们增加发动机功率、增加节气门响应并且对于颗粒排放物还具有有益的影响。此外，他们开启了关于对废气再循环的控制的新思路。来自发动机汽缸的热排放使涡轮机旋转，涡轮机驱动压缩机从而使进气压力增压。
废气再循环通道34设置有废气再循环阀36，废气再循环阀36将来自排放通道30的废气传送回进气通道18，这由发动机控制器50来控制。排放通道30还包括柴油氧化催化剂(DOC)和NOX设备40以及用于从排放物过滤颗粒物的柴油颗粒过滤器42。柴油氧化催化剂转换排放物以氧化来自发动机的HC、CO和NO并且将热和必要的化学物类提供给下游的催化转换器。NOX设备还原发动机排出的NOX排放物。由DOC、NOX设备和柴油颗粒过滤器(DPF)组成的柴油机后处理***将控制有害的发动机排放物，例如碳氢化合物(HC)、氮氧化物(NOX)、颗粒物(PM)和一氧化碳(CO)等。
发动机***10还包括旁路通道44，旁路通道44能从增压冷却器24的出口侧连通到柴油颗粒过滤器42的下游侧。旁路通道45可替换地能连接到增压冷却器的上游侧，如虚线所示，并且在柴油颗粒过滤器42的下游侧连接到排放通道30。旁路阀48设置在旁路通道44中并且与发动机控制器50连通，发动机控制器50根据选择的工作循环控制发动机***10在柴油颗粒过滤器再生模式下操作。柴油颗粒过滤器42将柴油排放物中夹带的颗粒物捕获在陶瓷或金属衬底上。在某些点处，该颗粒物可能通过再生而被消除，通过该过程，流经DPF的排放的温度达到完全烧掉蓄积的颗粒的充足水平。在许多情况下，特别是在大量发动机循环或车辆停止和启动的情况下，温度可能不会保持足够高达到消除颗粒物的充分时间周期。在这些情形下，需要主动***，大多数主动***包括在排放流中燃烧少量的柴油燃料从而将温度升高到足以烧掉颗粒物。主动DPF再生典型地需要大约20-30分钟。在发动机***10处于柴油颗粒过滤器再生模式下，且当发动机12处于怠速或低速(5mph或更小)时，发动机控制器50控制旁路阀48以允许来自进气通道18的新鲜空气绕到排放尾管52，在排放尾管52，新鲜空气与热废气混合从而在排气管52的出口处提供降低的排放温度。涡轮增压器21提供压力比废气压力更大的压缩空气。
在使用本发明的***的情况下，没有背压的增大，这导致了更低的燃料经济性。此外，在排放***中没有活动部分并且在其他驱动条件下对发动机性能没有影响。***还增加非常少的成本，仅包括额外的旁路通道管材和旁路阀。由新鲜充量空气旁路造成的高泵送损失增强了车辆怠速时柴油颗粒过滤器再生循环的能力。

Claims (17)

1.一种发动机***，包括：
柴油发动机；
与来自柴油发动机的废气连通的排放通道；
排放尾管，接收离开排放通道的热废气并限定热废气进入大气的出口；
布置在排放通道中的柴油颗粒过滤器；
用于将空气供应到柴油发动机的空气进气通道；和
旁路通道，所述旁路通道连接在空气进气通道和所述排放尾管之间，所述旁路通道包括用于打开和关闭旁路通道的旁路控制阀。
2.如权利要求1所述的发动机***，还包括将压缩空气提供给空气进气通道的涡轮增压器。
3.如权利要求2所述的发动机***，其中，涡轮增压器将压缩空气提供给增压冷却器，旁路通道在增压冷却器下游连接到空气进气通道。
4.如权利要求2所述的发动机***，其中，所述涡轮增压器将压缩空气提供给增压冷却器，旁路通道在涡轮增压器下游和增压冷却器上游连接到空气进气通道。
5.如权利要求2所述的发动机***，其中，压缩空气提供给旁路通道，压缩空气压力比在柴油颗粒过滤器下游位置处排放通道中的废气压力更大。
6.如权利要求1所述的发动机***，其中，空气进气通道包括旁路通道下游的进气节气门阀。
7.如权利要求1所述的发动机***，还包括发动机控制器，所述发动机控制器用于周期性地将发动机***操作在柴油颗粒过滤器再生模式下，以及用于在柴油颗粒过滤器再生模式期间打开旁路控制阀。
8.如权利要求1所述的发动机***，还包括发动机控制器，所述发动机控制器用于周期性地将发动机***操作在柴油颗粒过滤器再生模式下，以及用于在发动机处于柴油颗粒过滤器再生模式下和发动机处于怠速时打开旁路阀。
9.如权利要求1所述的发动机***，还包括发动机控制器，所述发动机控制器用于周期性地将发动机***操作在柴油颗粒过滤器再生模式下，以及用于在发动机处于柴油颗粒过滤器再生模式下和发动机以每小时5英里的速度或更小的速度驱动车辆时促使旁路阀打开。
10.一种用于发动机的排放处理***，包括：
适于连接到发动机的排放通道；
排放尾管，接收离开排放通道的热废气并限定热废气进入大气的出口；
布置在排放通道中的柴油颗粒过滤器；
适于给发动机供应空气的空气进气通道；
旁路通道，所述旁路通道连接在空气进气通道和所述排放尾管之间，所述旁路通道包括用于打开和关闭旁路通道的旁路控制阀。
11.如权利要求10所述的排放处理***，还包括将压缩空气提供给空气进气通道的涡轮增压器。
12.如权利要求11所述的排放处理***，其中，所述涡轮增压器将压缩空气提供给增压冷却器，旁路通道在所述增压冷却器下游连接到空气进气通道。
13.如权利要求11所述的排放处理***，其中，所述涡轮增压器将压缩空气提供给增压冷却器，旁路通道在涡轮增压器下游和增压冷却器上游连接到空气进气通道。
14.如权利要求11所述的排放处理***，其中，压缩空气提供给旁路通道，压缩空气压力比在柴油颗粒过滤器下游位置处的排放通道中的废气压力更大。
15.如权利要求10所述的排放处理***，其中，空气进气通道包括旁路通道下游的进气节气门阀。
16.一种用于发动机的方法，包括：
再生与来自柴油发动机的废气连通的排放处理***的柴油颗粒过滤器；
在再生期间在进气空气源和柴油颗粒过滤器下游位置处的废气之间提供连通，包括将进气喷入限定所述排放处理***出口的排放尾管中，以在再生期间冷却离开所述排放处理***的热废气。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法，还包括压缩供应到进气空气源的空气并且将压缩空气提供到柴油颗粒过滤器下游的位置。
CN200910203073XA 2008-05-19 2009-05-19 在dpf再生模式下冷却热排放的新鲜空气旁路 Expired - Fee Related CN101586489B (zh)

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