CN101558715A - High-yield cultivation method for intercropping cotton and apricot in girdling tree basin - Google Patents
High-yield cultivation method for intercropping cotton and apricot in girdling tree basin Download PDFInfo
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- CN101558715A CN101558715A CNA2009100226948A CN200910022694A CN101558715A CN 101558715 A CN101558715 A CN 101558715A CN A2009100226948 A CNA2009100226948 A CN A2009100226948A CN 200910022694 A CN200910022694 A CN 200910022694A CN 101558715 A CN101558715 A CN 101558715A
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- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 238000009342 intercropping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 244000018633 Prunus armeniaca Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 235000009827 Prunus armeniaca Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 241000219146 Gossypium Species 0.000 claims description 108
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- DARPYRSDRJYGIF-PTNGSMBKSA-N (Z)-3-ethoxy-2-naphthalen-2-ylsulfonylprop-2-enenitrile Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(S(=O)(=O)C(\C#N)=C/OCC)=CC=C21 DARPYRSDRJYGIF-PTNGSMBKSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 3
- IWDQPCIQCXRBQP-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fenaminosulf Chemical compound [Na+].CN(C)C1=CC=C(N=NS([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 IWDQPCIQCXRBQP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000000509 infertility Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000036512 infertility Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 231100000535 infertility Toxicity 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 241001124076 Aphididae Species 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-yield cultivation method for intercropping cotton by apricot and cotton in a cydaria tub, which adopts a 6 multiplied by 3M intercropping mode for the tree age of the apricot tree of 5-10 years, so that the intercropped apricot and the cotton fully utilize light, temperature, water, fertilizer and microclimate conditions in the growth process, the yield of the apricot is equivalent to that of a 4 multiplied by 2M intercropping mode, is about 70 percent higher than that of the 8 multiplied by 2M intercropping mode, the yield of the cotton ginned cotton is about 230 percent higher than that of the 4 multiplied by 2M intercropping mode, and is about 15 percent higher than that of the 8 multiplied by 2M intercropping mode; the yield of the ginned cotton under the high-yield cultivation technical condition is improved by about 29 percent compared with the ginned cotton yield of the cotton cultivated by the common method with the same intercropping mode, and the yield of the apricot is improved by about 6 percent. The best production potential is exerted, the yield of the apricots and the cotton under the intercropping of the apricots and the cotton is greatly improved, the quality and the quality of the cotton are ensured, and the great development of the current fruit and cotton production is promoted.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to orchard worker's intercropping production field, relate to apricot, cotton cotton high yield growing method by intercropping, further relate to ring Tarim Basin cotton high yield growing method by intercropping apricot and cotton.
Background technology
Agricultural producing region, ring Tarim Basin, Xinjiang autonomous region South Sinkiang unique geography, climatic environment condition make fruit, agricultural intercropping become a kind of important, in agricultural production prevailing agricultural production pattern, apricot, agricultural intercropping are one of its important fruit, agricultural intercropping mode, county, Luntai County only, 28.6 ten thousand mu of total cultivated areas, and nearly 200,000 mu of apricot, agricultural intercropping area, nearly 1,000,000 mu of agricultural producing region, whole ring Tarim Basin apricot, agricultural intercropping.Apricot, cotton intercropping are one of the important apricot in agricultural producing region, ring Tarim Basin, agricultural intercropping system, this intercropping system be over nearly 10 years according to the ecology of locality, climatic characteristic with in local extraordinary fruit industry---in the formation and development of Xiao Bai apricot industry, a kind of new agricultural production pattern that instructs by spontaneous exploitation of local peasant or agrotechnical department.Although apricot, the fruit of cotton intercropping, the farming mode of production is in the existing nearly 10 years history of formation and development in agricultural producing region, ring Tarim Basin, but because to apricot, under the cotton intercropping condition, intercropping apricot and cotton light in different intercropping types, temperature, water, fertilizer utilizes feature and the Microclimate effects of intercropping district to lack understanding fully, therefore, aborning: 1) multiple apricot occurred, cotton intercropping type, as: 4M (fruit tree line-spacing, the intercropping cotton region) * 2M (fruit tree spacing in the rows), 5M (fruit tree line-spacing, the intercropping cotton region) * 3M (fruit tree spacing in the rows), 6M (fruit tree line-spacing, the intercropping cotton region) * and 3M (fruit tree spacing in the rows), 6M (fruit tree line-spacing, intercropping cotton region) * 4M (fruit tree spacing in the rows), 8M (fruit tree line-spacing, intercropping cotton region) * 2M (fruit tree spacing in the rows) etc.The cotton intercropping mode cotton growth of as shown in Figure 14 * 2M apricot situation: cotton growth and apricot win honour for, strive water, strive fertilizer, and the whole growth of cotton is thin and delicate, and fallen flowers, shedding are serious, and output spy is low, and the spy is poor for quality.Cotton growth situation in the general cultivation of the cotton intercropping mode of 6 * 3M apricot as shown in Figure 3: cotton seedling regularity is poor, and it is serious to be short of seedling, and nearly apricot district apricot, cotton strive water, strive fertilizer, and cotton growth is special poor, and whole growth is unbalanced, output is not high.Cotton growth situation under the cotton intercropping mode high-yield culturing of the 8 * 2M apricot as shown in Figure 4 condition: cotton growth is only second to 6 * 3M pattern, mainly be that intercropping district micro climate environment is poorer than 6 * 3M pattern, on the other hand, because the strain tree/mu of this intercropping system apricot descends, apricot output is far below other several intercropping systems, therefore, be the intercropping type that to promote.2) continuing to use the cotton culture technology under the non-intercropping condition during the cotton intercropping cotton of apricot is produced always.This production and the planting type that is not based upon on the scientific basic caused two important production consequences:
One, intercropping apricot, cotton growth influence each other, and win honour for, strive water, strive fertilizer, cause apricot output not increase, and output of cotton significantly descends;
Two, the influence that is subjected to apricot shading, liquid manure deficiency and strives water, strive fertilizer with apricot, cotton quality descends; These have become the principal element that agricultural producing region, restriction ring Tarim Basin fruit industry and agricultural production further develop.
Summary of the invention
Problem or deficiency at above-mentioned existing production technology existence, the objective of the invention is to, for the present most apricot age of trees in agricultural producing region, ring Tarim Basin provide a kind of efficient in the cotton intercropping of the apricot in 5~10 years, the cotton high yield growing method by intercropping apricot and cotton of science intercropping mode, this method will make the apricot of intercropping and cotton utilize light fully in process of growth, temperature, water, fertilizer and microclimate condition, bring into play the best production potential of each time, significantly improve apricot, apricot output and output of cotton under the cotton intercropping, guarantee cotton quality and quality, to promote local fruit, cotton great development of producing.
For realizing above-mentioned task, the present invention takes following technical solution:
Ring Tarim Basin cotton high yield growing method by intercropping apricot and cotton is characterized in that this method comprises the following steps:
1) intercropping type: 5 years~10 years apricot age of trees, the intercropping mode of 6 * 3M is adopted in apricot, cotton intercropping;
2) kind assembling: select high yield, high-quality, the new land 35 of cotton variety disease-resistant, that the intercropping characteristic is good, land cotton 28, middle cotton 40, middle cotton 43 or middle cotton 49 to carry out intercropping culture;
3) soil is prepared: the autumn is turned over winter irrigation, before broadcasting, cotton executes 50 kilograms/mu~100 kilograms/mu of 1000 kilograms/mu~1500 kilograms/mu of the fertilizers becoming thoroughly decomposed or the dregs of fat, and compounding application chemical fertilizer, the raw material of chemical fertilizer and consumption thereof are: phosphorus two ammoniums: 20 kilograms/mu~30 kilograms/mu, urea: 10 kilograms/mu~20 kilograms/mu, and potash fertilizer: 5 kilograms/mu~10 kilograms/mu;
Use the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed or the dregs of fat and chemical fertilizer and account for 75% of total fertilizing amount, and plough deeply and bury apart from the fertilizing amount at apricot 1.5M place, both sides;
4) seed treatment: the fenaminosulf seed dressing with 0.3%, pile after vexed 24 hours and dry;
5) sowing: when soil 5cm ground temperature is stabilized in more than 12 ℃, suitable moisture in the soil sowing date for early sowing, 4~5 kilograms/mu of sowing quantities, several 1.2~1.5 ten thousand strain/mus of the strain of keeping a full stand of seedings;
6) pour water: contain the flower bud phase in cotton, carry out pouring water the first time, irrigation quantity is 60 side/mus, carries out pouring water the second time after pouring water 10 days for the first time, and irrigation quantity is 80 side/mus, irritates once in later per 15 days, stops by the end of August pouring water, and pours water the time of infertility 4~5 times;
7) topdress: impose 5~10 kilograms/mu in urea before pouring water for the first time, impose 10~15 kilograms/mu in urea before pouring water for the second time;
8) foliage spray: final singling behind two true leaves, and convert 40 kilograms in water, evenly spray the cotton blade face with potassium dihydrogen phosphate 200 gram/mus+100 gram/mu urea.Flowering and boll-setting period sprays fast happy boron 50 gram/mus+potassium dihydrogen phosphate 250 gram/mus+urea 150 gram/mus and converts water and spray for 60 kilograms.
9) chemical control: spray mepiquat chloride 1.0~1.5 gram/mu chemical controls during cotton growth to 3~4 true leaves, before the water, with mepiquat chloride 3.0~4.0 gram/mu chemical controls, afterwards according to the intercropping cotton growing state, before two water, three water,, use mepiquat chloride 6.0-8.0 gram/mu chemical control after pinching with mepiquat chloride 2 gram/mu chemical controls; Plant height is controlled in 70 centimetres;
10) pinch: pinch after before July 10, require to beat thoroughly by " leaf wholeheartedly ";
11) extermination of disease and insect pest: the intercropping cotton region on the basis of prediction and field investigation routinely technology in time carry out integrated control.
Ring of the present invention Tarim Basin cotton high yield growing method by intercropping apricot and cotton, adopt the intercropping mode of intercropping type 6 * 3M, its apricot output is suitable with 4 * 2M intercropping mode under general cultivation condition, higher by about 70% than 8 * 2M intercropping mode, the cotton lint yield is higher by about 230% than 4 * 2M intercropping mode, and is higher by about 15% than 8 * 2M intercropping mode; In the lint yield raising about 29% of the lint yield under the high-yield culture technique condition than identical intercropping mode conventional method cultivation cotton, apricot output improves about 6%.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the traditional cotton intercropping mode cotton growth of 4 * 2M apricot situation picture;
Fig. 2 is a cotton growth situation map sheet in the cotton intercropping mode cotton high yield growing of 6 * 3M apricot of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a cotton growth situation map sheet in the general cultivation of the cotton intercropping mode cotton of 6 * 3M apricot;
Fig. 4 is a cotton growth situation picture under the cotton intercropping mode high-yield culturing of the traditional 8 * 2M apricot condition.
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Embodiment
Under the subsidy of national science and technology supporting plan project " research and development of ring Tarim Basin apricot farming intercropping key technology and demonstration ", the applicant passed through apricot (5 years~10 years age of trees) in ring test site, Luntai County, Tarim Basin in 2007 and 2008, cotton different intercropping type light, temperature, water, fertilizer utilizes the collection and the analysis of feature and intercropping district micro climate environmental data, and to different intercropping types, different management and cultivation mode (experimental scheme) apricots, ginnings constituent element and ultimate output, the comparative analysis result of quality, proposed ring Tarim Basin cotton high yield growing method by intercropping apricot and cotton, specifically comprised the following steps:
1) intercropping type: 5 years~10 years apricot age of trees, the efficient intercropping mode of 6 * 3M is adopted in apricot, cotton intercropping.
2) kind assembling: select high yield, high-quality, the new land 35 of cotton variety disease-resistant, that the intercropping characteristic is good, land cotton 28, middle cotton 40, middle cotton 43 or middle cotton 49 to carry out intercropping culture.
3) soil is prepared: the autumn is turned over winter irrigation, before broadcasting, cotton executes 50 kilograms/mu~100 kilograms/mu of 1000 kilograms/mu~1500 kilograms/mu of the fertilizers becoming thoroughly decomposed or the dregs of fat, the fertilizer or the dregs of fat all need the compounding application chemical fertilizer, the raw material of chemical fertilizer and consumption thereof are: phosphorus two ammoniums: 20 kilograms/mu~30 kilograms/mu, urea: 10 kilograms/mu~20 kilograms/mu, and potash fertilizer: 5 kilograms/mu~10 kilograms/mu;
Use the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed or the chemical fertilizer of the dregs of fat and compounding application, account for 75% of total fertilizing amount apart from the fertilizing amount at cotton both sides apricot 1.5M place, and plough deeply and bury;
4) seed treatment: the fenaminosulf seed dressing with 0.3%, pile after vexed 24 hours and dry.
5) sowing: soil 5cm ground temperature is stablized when passing through more than 12 ℃, the suitable in good time early sowing of moisture in the soil, 4 kilograms/mu~5 kilograms/mu of sowing quantities, several 1.2~1.5 ten thousand strain/mus of the strain of keeping a full stand of seedings.
6) pour water: cotton is contained the flower bud phase and irritates a water (60 side/mu), irritates two water (80 side/mu) after 10 days, irritates once, and cuts off the water by the end of August in later about 15 days.Pour water the time of infertility 4~5 times.
7) topdress: impose 5 kilograms/mu~10 kilograms/mu in urea before the water, preceding 10 kilograms/mu~15 kilograms/mu of two water.
8) foliage spray: final singling behind two true leaves, and convert 40 kilograms in water, evenly spray the cotton blade face with potassium dihydrogen phosphate 200 gram/mus+100 gram/mu urea; Flowering and boll-setting period sprays fast happy boron 50 gram/mus+potassium dihydrogen phosphate 250 gram/mus+urea 150 gram/mus and converts water and spray for 60 kilograms.
9) chemical control: spray mepiquat chloride 1.0~1.5 gram/mu chemical controls during slice true leaf of cotton growth to 3~4, back according to the intercropping cotton growing state before the water with mepiquat chloride 3.0~4.0 gram/mu chemical controls, before two water, three water, use mepiquat chloride 2 gram/mu chemical controls.Use mepiquat chloride 6.0 gram/mus~8.0 gram/mu chemical controls after pinching; Plant height is controlled at 70 centimetres and is advisable with interior.
10) pinch: pinch before and after July 10, require to pinch thoroughly by " leaf wholeheartedly ".
11) extermination of disease and insect pest: the main diseases insect pest of intercropping cotton region has two spotted spider mite, cotten aphid, blight etc., should be on the basis of prediction and field investigation routinely technology in time carry out integrated control.
Below be the embodiment that the inventor provides:
Utilize ring of the present invention Tarim Basin cotton high yield growing method by intercropping apricot and cotton, the inventor has carried out comparative trial in 2008 in the Luntai County reconnaissance of Xinjiang autonomous region, and the test of breathing out 2,3 groups in west, Thebe in Luntai County Ha Erbake township shows:
According to method of the present invention, the inventor adopts 6 * 3M intercropping mode, 310 kilograms/mu of apricot output, 168 kilograms/mu of lint yields to the apricot of the 7 years age of trees in test site; The cotton growth situation is referring to Fig. 2, the cotton grow light utilization of apricot is abundant, microclimate conditions such as intercropping district temperature, humidity, Wind are much better than non-intercropping condition (particularly can prevent high temperature injury), under the high-yield culturing condition, alleviated apricot, cotton growth is striven water, is striven fertile phenomenon, cotton growth integral body relatively equilibrium, robust growth, spend more many fruits, output height, quality better.
And according to the conventional method, 290 kilograms/mu of apricot 4 * 2M intercropping mode apricot output of 7 years age of trees, only 50 kilograms/mu of lint yields; 180 kilograms/mu of apricot 8 * 2M intercropping mode apricot output of 7 years age of trees, 146 kilograms/mu of lint yields;
The result shows that according to apricot wheat intercropping mode and the method thereof of 6 * 3M of the present invention, its comprehensive benefit is higher than 4 * 2M and two kinds of apricot wheats of 8 * 2M intercropping assembly mode far away.
The apricot wheat intercropping mode of other 13 families 6 * 3M adopts traditional conventional method cultivation, 130 jin/mu of cotton average yields, 290 kilograms/mu of apricot output, according to method of the present invention, lint yield is higher by 29.2% than conventional method, apricot production ratio conventional method is high by 6.9%, has not only significantly improved the intercropping cotton lint yield, and intercropping apricot output is improved.
Claims (1)
1, ring Tarim Basin cotton high yield growing method by intercropping apricot and cotton is characterized in that this method comprises the following steps:
1) intercropping type: 5 years~10 years apricot age of trees, the efficient intercropping mode of 6 * 3M is adopted in apricot, cotton intercropping;
2) kind assembling: select high yield, high-quality, the new land 35 of cotton variety disease-resistant, that the intercropping characteristic is good, land cotton 28, middle cotton 40, middle cotton 43 or middle cotton 49 to carry out intercropping culture;
3) soil is prepared: the autumn is turned over winter irrigation, before broadcasting, cotton executes fertilizer (1000~1500) kilogram/mu or the dregs of fat (50~100) kilogram/mu that become thoroughly decomposed, and compounding application chemical fertilizer, the raw material of chemical fertilizer and consumption thereof are: phosphorus two ammoniums: 20 kilograms/mu~30 kilograms/mu, urea: 10 kilograms/mu~20 kilograms/mu, and potash fertilizer: 5 kilograms/mu~10 kilograms/mu;
Use the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed or the chemical fertilizer of the dregs of fat and compounding application, account for 75% of total fertilizing amount apart from the fertilizing amount at cotton both sides apricot 1.5M place, and plough deeply and bury;
4) seed treatment: the fenaminosulf seed dressing with 0.3%, pile after vexed 24 hours and dry;
5) sowing: soil 5cm ground temperature is stablized when passing through more than 12 ℃, the suitable in good time early sowing of moisture in the soil, 4 kilograms/mu~5 kilograms/mu of sowing quantities, the several 1.2 ten thousand strain/mus of the strain of keeping a full stand of seedings~1.5 ten thousand strain/mus;
6) pour water: contain the flower bud phase in cotton, carry out pouring water the first time, irrigation quantity is 60 side/mus, carries out pouring water the second time after 10 days that pour water the first time, and irrigation quantity is 80 side/mus, irritates once in later per 15 days, stops by the end of August pouring water, and pours water the time of infertility 4~5 times;
7) topdress: impose 5~10 kilograms/mu in urea before pouring water for the first time, impose 10~15 kilograms/mu in urea before pouring water for the second time;
8) foliage spray: final singling behind two true leaves, and convert 40 kilograms in water, evenly spray the cotton blade face with potassium dihydrogen phosphate 200 gram/mus+100 gram/mu urea; Flowering and boll-setting period sprays fast happy boron 50 gram/mus+potassium dihydrogen phosphate 250 gram/mus+urea 150 gram/mus, converts water and sprays for 60 kilograms;
9) chemical control: spray mepiquat chloride 1.0~1.5 gram/mu chemical controls during slice true leaf of cotton growth to 3~4, before the water, with mepiquat chloride 3.0~4.0 gram/mu chemical controls, the back is according to the intercropping cotton growing state, before two water, three water, use mepiquat chloride 2 gram/mu chemical controls, use mepiquat chloride with 6.0 gram/mus~8.0 gram/mu chemical controls after pinching, plant height is controlled in 70 centimetres;
10) pinch: pinch after before July 10, require to beat thoroughly by " leaf wholeheartedly ";
11) extermination of disease and insect pest: the intercropping cotton region on the basis of prediction and field investigation routinely technology in time carry out integrated control.
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CN102388758B (en) * | 2011-08-09 | 2013-04-17 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for chemically regulating and controlling cotton root configuration |
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