CN101548070B - 内燃机的排气净化装置 - Google Patents
内燃机的排气净化装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种内燃机的排气净化装置,在NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置的下游侧配置有微粒过滤器,在NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置的上游侧配置有S捕集装置,在该内燃机的排气净化装置中,设置有用于向S捕集装置的上游侧的排气***或气缸内供给追加燃料的第一燃料供给装置,所述追加燃料用于微粒过滤器的再生处理,由第一燃料供给装置供给的追加燃料为不从S捕集装置放出SOx的量,为了补充由第一燃料供给装置供给的追加燃料的对于再生处理而言的不足部分,在NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置与微粒过滤器之间的排气***上设置有第二燃料供给装置。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及内燃机的排气净化装置。
背景技术
在柴油机之类的实施稀薄燃烧的内燃机的排气***上配置有NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置。NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置,在排气为稀空燃比时,即,在排气中的氧浓度高时,良好地吸藏排气中的NOx。另一方面,作为再生处理,若使排气的空燃比为理论空燃比或浓空燃比,即,若使排气中的氧浓度降低,则放出吸藏了的NOx,利用排放气体中的还原物质将这样放出的NOx进行还原净化。
然而,在内燃机的排气中也含有微粒。希望捕集这样的微粒来抑制其向大气中排放,曾提出了在NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置的下游侧配置用于该用途的微粒过滤器的方案。
微粒过滤器,需要在捕集的微粒成为较大的排气阻力以前使捕集的微粒烧除的再生处理,作为该再生处理,曾提出了下述方案:向排气中供给追加燃料,使追加燃料在NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置中燃料来提高排气温度,使比较高温的排气和追加燃料的剩余部分向微粒过滤器流入,在利用比较高温的排气升温的微粒过滤器中使追加燃料的剩余部分燃烧,将微粒过滤器进一步升温,由此使捕集的微粒烧除(例如,参照日本特开2006-291825)。
发明内容
NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置,根据与NOx同样的机理也吸藏排气中的SOx,由于SOx以稳定的硫酸盐形式被吸藏,因此难以使其放出,吸藏量增加,另一方面,逐渐变得不能够充分地吸藏NOx。为了使SOx放出,必须使NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置为如700℃那样的高温,会使NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置热劣化。
为了防止这样的NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置的热劣化,只要不使NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置吸藏SOx即可,为此,可以考虑在NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置的上游侧配置与NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置同样地吸藏SOx的S捕集装置。
在这样的构成下,进行微粒过滤器的再生处理时,若向S捕集装置的上游侧供给追加燃料,则从S捕集装置放出SOx,该放出的SOx有时被NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置吸藏。
因此,本发明的目的是,在NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置的下游侧配置有微粒过滤器,在NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置的上游侧配置有S捕集装置的内燃机的排气净化装置中,使向S捕集装置的上游侧的排气***或气缸内供给的追加燃料的一部分在NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置中燃烧,提高向微粒过滤器流入的排气温度,实现微粒过滤器的良好的再生处理时,防止SOx从S捕集装置放出。
本发明的方案1所述的内燃机的排气净化装置,在NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置的下游侧配置有微粒过滤器,在上述NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置的上游侧配置有S捕集装置,该内燃机的排气净化装置的特征在于,设置有用于向上述S捕集装置的上游侧的排气***或气缸内供给追加燃料的第一燃料供给装置,所述追加燃料用于上述微粒过滤器的再生处理,由上述第一燃料供给装置供给的上述追加燃料为不从上述S捕集装置放出SOx的量,为了补充由上述第一燃料供给装置供给的上述追加燃料的对于上述再生处理而言的不足部分,在上述NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置与上述微粒过滤器之间的排气***上设置有第二燃料供给装置。
本发明的方案2所述的内燃机的排气净化装置,是根据方案1所述的内燃机的排气净化装置,其特征在于,在内燃机减速时,停止由上述第二燃料供给装置供给追加燃料。
本发明的方案3所述的内燃机的排气净化装置,是根据方案1所述的内燃机的排气净化装置,其特征在于,上述S捕集装置不企图使SOx放出,而是根据需要进行更换。
根据本发明的方案1所述的内燃机的排气净化装置,由第一燃料供给装置向S捕集装置的上游侧的排气***或气缸内供给用于微粒过滤器的再生处理的追加燃料。由第一燃料供给装置供给的追加燃料为不从S捕集装置放出SOx的量,防止从S捕集装置中放出SOx。这样由第一燃料供给装置供给的追加燃料的一部分,在NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置中燃烧从而提高向微粒过滤器流入的排气温度,因此能够在微粒过滤器中使追加燃料燃烧,使微粒过滤器升温。然而,由第一燃料供给装置供给的追加燃料,对微粒过滤器的升温不充分,再生处理不足,因此可以利用设置在NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置与微粒过滤器之间的排气***上的第二燃料供给装置补充追加燃料的不足部分,能够使微粒过滤器升温到所希望的温度从而实现良好的再生处理。
根据本发明的方案2所述的内燃机的排气净化装置,由于在方案1所述的内燃机的排气净化装置中,在内燃机减速时,排气温度低且S捕集装置的温度也低,因此,即使利用由第一燃料供给装置供给的追加燃料使排气的空燃比为某种程度的浓,也不会从S捕集装置放出SOx,并且,由于排气量也少,因此能够利用比较少量的追加燃料使排气的空燃比为所希望的浓空燃比。这样,能够容易地实施NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置的再生处理。通过该再生处理,排气的温度提高,并与追加燃料的剩余部分一同向微粒过滤器流入,使追加燃料的剩余部分燃烧从而使微粒过滤器升温,微粒过滤器的再生处理也被实施。这样的内燃机减速时,排气量变少且流出热量也变少。因此若由第二燃料供给装置供给追加燃料,则有时在微粒过滤器中由于过剩的升温而发生熔损,因此由第二燃料供给装置进行的追加燃料的供给被停止。
根据本发明的方案3所述的内燃机的排气净化装置,由于在方案1所述的内燃机的排气净化装置中,S捕集装置没有意图使SOx放出,是根据需进行交换的装置,因此,在本排气净化装置中,不需要从S捕集装置放出的SOx不被NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置吸藏的复杂的排气***结构。
附图说明
图1是本发明的内燃机的排气净化装置的概略图。
图2是用于微粒过滤器的再生处理的流程图。
图3是用于在图2的流程图中确定排气空燃比的图。
图4是用于在图2的流程图中确定追加燃料的供给时间的图。
具体实施方式
图1是表示本发明的内燃机的排气净化装置的实施方式的概略图。在该图中,1为柴油机等的实施稀薄燃烧的内燃机主体,2为排气歧管,3为排气歧管2下游侧的排气通路。在排气通路3中配置有S捕集装置4、S捕集装置4的下游侧的NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置5以及NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置5下游侧的微粒过滤器6。
通过这样的配置,排气中的SOx被位于上游侧的S捕集装置4吸藏,基本上不被NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置5吸藏,没有必要使NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置5热劣化而使SOx放出。S捕集装置4在大量地吸藏了SOx时,与新品(即使不是新品,只要能够吸藏SOx也可以)进行交换。
另外,排气中的微粒被微粒过滤器6捕集。在微粒过滤器6中担载有贵金属催化剂,在捕集的微粒成为较大的排气阻力而使内燃机输出功率大幅度降低以前,需要利用贵金属催化剂使排气中的燃料燃烧,使微粒过滤器6向微粒的燃烧温度升温,使捕集的微粒烧除的再生处理。
微粒过滤器6,远离内燃机主体地位于车辆底板下,即使是单单供给追加燃料也不能够利用较低温度的贵金属催化剂使追加燃料良好地燃烧。因此,需要:在排气歧管2的下游侧且S捕集装置4的上游侧的排气通路3中配置第一燃料供给装置7,使由第一燃料供给装置7供给的追加燃料的一部分在NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置5中燃烧,提高排气温度,并使追加燃料的剩余部分与排气一同向微粒过滤器6中流入,在微粒过滤器6中使追加燃料的剩余部分良好地燃烧,使微粒过滤器6升温到再生温度。
在本实施方式中,微粒过滤器6的再生处理按照图2所示的流程图实施。首先,在步骤101中判断微粒过滤器6是否有再生处理的要求。再生处理的要求,例如,只要是车辆的每隔设定行驶距离或每隔设定行驶时间之类的定期的再生处理要求即可。另外,也可以将相应于内燃机各运转状态的微粒排出量累计,在该累计值达到设定值时就要求再生处理。
在步骤101的判断被否定时,保持原样地结束,但在被肯定时,在步骤102中判断是否是内燃机减速时。在不是内燃机减速时之时,在步骤103中确定向S捕集装置4中流入的排气的空燃比AF。图3是相对于S捕集装置4的温度T表示放出SOx的排气的空燃比AF的图。S捕集装置4的温度越高,即使是更稀的(大的)空燃比,也越放出SOx。因此,基于图3,相对于S捕集装置4的现在的推定温度确定不放出SOx的最小空燃比AF(浓侧空燃比)。
接着,在步骤104中确定实现最小空燃比AF所需的第一燃料供给装置7中的每单位时间的追加燃料量A1。另外,即使排气的空燃比为最小空燃比AF,也被S捕集装置4吸藏的SOx量越多,以及,最小空燃比AF越小,越在短时间内放出SOx。因此,在步骤105中,基于图4,相对于被S捕集装置4吸藏的SOx量I确定不放出SOx的燃料供给的最长时间t。图4所示的图是相应于空燃比AF而设定的。
这样,第一燃料供给装置7,用最长时间t供给每单位时间的追加燃料量A1,但此时并不会从S捕集装置4中放出SOx。在NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置5与微粒过滤器6之间的排气通路上设置有空燃比传感器9,能够确认最小空燃比AF是否被实现。并且,利用空燃比传感器9也能够反馈控制由第一燃料供给装置7供给的燃料量使得实现最小空燃比AF。
另外,在NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置5与微粒过滤器6之间的排气通路上也配置有上游侧排气温度传感器10,能够检测向微粒过滤器6流入的排气温度Tg1。接着,在步骤106中,算出微粒过滤器6的再生温度Tf(微粒的燃料温度)与流入的排气温度Tg1之差ΔTf。
由上游侧排气温度传感器10检测出的排气温度Tg1,由于由第一燃料供给装置7供给的追加燃料量Al比较少使得不从S捕集装置4中放出SOx,因此不会到达微粒过滤器6的再生温度Tf,为了供给追加燃料的不足部分,在NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置5与微粒过滤器6之间的排气通路上配置有第二燃料供给装置8。
由上游侧排气温度传感器10检测出的排气温度Tg1,是由第一燃料供给装置7供给的追加燃料量A1的一部分在NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置5中燃料,使排气温度升高的结果,因此,能够推定相反地在追加燃料量A1中,不在NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置5中燃烧而向微粒过滤器6流入的剩余部分。
在步骤107中,除了该剩余部分外还确定由第二燃料供给装置8供给的每单位时间的追加燃料量A2,追加燃料A1的剩余部分和追加燃料量A2在微粒过滤器6中燃烧,使微粒过滤器6向再生温度Tf升温。
在此,考虑现在的每单位时间的排气量,该排气量越多,越容易从微粒过滤器6夺取热,因此要将微粒过滤器6维持在再生温度Tf,必须增加每单位时间的追加燃料量A2。在微粒过滤器6的下游侧配置有下游侧排气温度传感器11,能够确认从微粒过滤器6流出的排气温度Tg2是否为再生温度Tf。另外,也可以反馈控制由第二燃料供给装置8供给的追加燃料量A2使得从微粒过滤器6流出的排气温度Tg2为再生温度Tf。
然而,在内燃机减速时,排气温度变低,因此S捕集装置4的温度也变低,即使使排气的空燃比为某种程度的浓空燃比,也不会从S捕集装置4放出SOx。另外,排气量少,能够利用少量的追加燃料量容易地使排气的空燃比为所希望的浓空燃比。
NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置5不能无限制地吸藏NOx,在变得不能够吸藏NOx(饱和状态)之前,需要使NOx放出从而进行还原净化的再生处理。该再生处理,是使浓空燃比的排气向NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置5中流入,在本实施方式中,在内燃机减速时,也同时地实施NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置5的再生处理。
即,在为内燃机减速时,且步骤102的判断被肯定时,在步骤108中,基于图3的图,相对于S捕集装置4的现在的推定温度确定不放出SOx的最小空燃比AF(浓侧空燃比)。
接着,在步骤109中,确定实现最小空燃比AF所需的第一燃料供给装置7中的每单位时间的追加燃料量A1。另外,在步骤110中,基于图4,相对于被S捕集装置4吸藏的SOx量I确定不放出SOx的追加燃料供给的最长时间t。
这样,第一燃料供给装置7,用最长时间t供给每单位时间的追加燃料量A1,但此时不会从S捕集装置4中放出SOx。该NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置5的再生处理中的高温度的排气和追加燃料的剩余部分向微粒过滤器6中流入,使微粒过滤器6充分地升温。
由于为内燃机减速时,因此现在的每单位时间的排气量非常少,基本上不从微粒过滤器6夺取热。因此,不能够利用NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置5的再生处理中的排气实施微粒过滤器6的再生处理。如果由第二燃料供给装置8供给追加燃料,则微粒过滤器6有时由于过剩升温而发生熔损。在内燃机减速时,在微粒过滤器6的再生处理中,来自第二燃料供给装置8的追加燃料的供给被停止。
然而,第一燃料供给装置7,也可以作为向气缸内喷射燃料的燃料喷射阀在膨胀行程或排气行程中实施追加燃料喷射。另外,在本实施方式中,在微粒过滤器6的再生处理时不从S捕集装置4放出SOx,由此,例如,当只是追加燃料的供给时间短,或与内燃机减速时的NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置的再生处理一致时,也有时微粒过滤器的再生处理没有完成,但至少一部分的捕集的微粒的烧除被切实实施,并能够使微粒过滤器6脱离再生时期。
Claims (3)
1.一种内燃机的排气净化装置,在NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置的下游侧配置有微粒过滤器,在所述NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置的上游侧配置有S捕集装置,该内燃机的排气净化装置的特征在于,设置有用于向所述S捕集装置的上游侧的排气***或气缸内供给追加燃料的第一燃料供给装置,所述追加燃料用于所述微粒过滤器的再生处理,由所述第一燃料供给装置供给的所述追加燃料的量为不从所述S捕集装置放出SOx的量,为了补充由所述第一燃料供给装置供给的所述追加燃料的对于所述再生处理而言的不足部分,在所述NOx吸藏还原催化剂装置与所述微粒过滤器之间的排气***上设置有第二燃料供给装置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的内燃机的排气净化装置,其特征在于,在内燃机减速时,停止由所述第二燃料供给装置供给追加燃料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的内燃机的排气净化装置,其特征在于,所述S捕集装置不企图使SOx放出,而是根据需要进行更换。
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