CN101479046B - Acceleration nozzle and injection nozzle apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an acceleration nozzle and an ejection nozzle device. The acceleration nozzle has a nozzle hole with an inner diameter continuously or stepwise expanding toward the tip of the nozzle. In the circumferential inner wall of the nozzle hole are formed ejection openings for ejecting in a tubular form a high-speed gas flow to the nozzle tip side. The ejection holes are arranged in multiple stages in the direction of the axis of the nozzle hole tube.

Description

Accelerating jet and injection nozzle apparatus

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of being suitable for micronized particle impacts the injection nozzle apparatus that forms the accelerating jet of epithelium and have this accelerating jet with the film forming object under cooling or molten condition through impact air.

Background technology

As using gases the major technique of metal material micronize (particulate) there are (1) fine powder manufacturing, (2) spray formation, (3) thermal spraying, in these plasma spray technologies, use the injection nozzle that constitutes by various structures.

(1) fine powder manufacturing

Make at the fine powder that is used for powder metallurgy, the liquation stream with respect to injecting from container flows ram-jet gas from a plurality of nozzles that are configured on the circumference towards this liquation, and makes metal material micronize (for example with reference to patent documentation 1).

In addition; Such method is also arranged; Promptly replace said a plurality of nozzle and dispose cone shape Laval nozzle, through quickening gas, in quickening, import metal material etc. and make metal material micronize (for example with reference to patent documentation 2) with molten condition to gas at a high speed with this Laval nozzle.

Owing to use the length weak point person of said Laval nozzle; So though micronized particle is few attached to the particle on the nozzle inner walls; But when the length of nozzle in short-term then when nozzle inner melt that forms high velocity gas stream and particulate pass through compole lack; Therefore, can not give full play to through the original micronize effect that gas flow rate is pulled out.

(2) spray formation

Make in the spray formation of preformed articles, also use micro-granulating device (sprayer) with the same structure of said fine powder manufacturing.

In this micro-granulating device, emit and the gas that slows down impacts liquation though also make from nozzle bore, can not particle quickened through air-flow, the density step-down of the resulting deposit of result, material tend to porous matter.

For example, in the spray formation method of patent documentation 3 record, for metal material before spraying, can not solidified, and the heating element heater that will be used to make nozzle temperature maintain fully high temperature is located at nozzle.

According to this micro-granulating device, can prevent that metallic is attached on the nozzle inner walls.But; Constitute under the good situation of the metal material wetability of material and supply nozzle of nozzle inner walls; Metallic with membranaceous attached on the nozzle inner walls; By in the pulling of the gas of nozzle central flows and go out to the jet expansion side pressure slowly,, be ejected from jet expansion with very large particle diameter so compare with the particulate that flies in nozzle central authorities.Consequently, the deterioration of film forming, the quality of deposit reduces.

In addition, contact the metallic of back ejection with nozzle inner walls owing to sneaked into the composition of nozzle wall material, so also exist micronized metallic to receive contamination of heavy.

(3) thermal spraying

Said spray formation is supplied with jumbo liquation; Obtain block deposit and formed body; Relative with it; Thermal spraying is to supply with the coating technology that a spot of material forms epithelium through same principle, as the mode of thermal spraying, exists with electric to be the electric-arc thermal spray coating of thermal source and to be the flame heat spray etc. of thermal source with burning gases.

(3-1) in nozzle, make the structure of metallic material

Electric-arc thermal spray coating provides metal material with the mode of two one metal wires, is that anode and negative electrode apply electric charge with each wire, between two one metal wires, produces electric arc and molten metal material (for example with reference to patent documentation 4).

In this patent documentation 4, in the thermal spraying spray nozzle device of record, consider in advance on nozzle, to adhere to particle, and the temperature of nozzle wall is heated to more than the fusing point of metal material.

Comprise this thermal spraying spray nozzle device, in the electric-arc thermal spray coating of majority, select the sacrificial metal particle acceleration and on nozzle inner walls the method for the particle of non-cohesive molten condition.

In addition, the electric-arc thermal spray coating device of record is shown in figure 28 in the patent documentation 5, and the downstream that are formed on atomizing portion promote the structure of spray flow at a high speed.

In detail; The wire rod 111,111 that passes wire guide part 110,110 is in contact with one another on nozzle center's axle; With this spigot shaft coaxle be provided with the gas cap 112 that is communicated with 112b between the wide tapered zone of 112a and front end between the thin tapered zone of front end; Through 112a between tapered zone is produced an air-flow G1 of motlten metal spraying usefulness through gas, and a plurality of hole 112c of 112b produce secondary gas flow G2 between tapered zone from being located at.

Secondary gas flow G2 is each other towards the inboard, and from the contact of wire rod 111 downstream the side position that separates abundant interval collaborate so that do not hinder the atomizing of motlten metal, thus, an air-flow G1 is by secondary gas flow G2 stricturization, and is accelerated.

The nozzle arrangements of said electric-arc thermal spray coating device is intended to improve particle rapidity; But the semiapex angle of 112b between the tapered zone of gas cap 112 (angle that nozzle center's axle and nozzle inner walls constitute) is very big and length is short; So be difficult in gas cap 112, produce peeling off of air-flow, and form ultrasonic air-flow.

(3-2) outside nozzle, make the structure of metallic material

Form high-speed flame through using nozzle towards thermal spraying face, and in the way of this high-speed flame (combustion flame), drop into the hot spray apparatus (for example with reference to patent documentation 6) of thermal spraying material.

In addition; Likewise to the thermal spraying spray gun tube of high-speed flame (dissolve and penetrate gun barrel) additional gas guard shield; Should be in to guard shield in this gas shroud to inert gas from the slit of circle-shaped formation; Quicken speed, under the state that covers with respect to atmosphere, substrate surface is impacted metallic (for example with reference to patent documentation 7) with the metallic of spray gun tube thermal spraying.

The reason that obtains the acceleration of metallic considers have: because of the length that has the gas shroud nozzle prolongs, the acceleration distance of particle increases; And from thermal-flame being supplied with inert gas on every side.Its reason is to have to be heated then with the mobile air-flow of supersonic speed and slow down the character that is cooled and then quickens.

In addition, supply with inert gas slit the inclined plane preferably with respect to towards the vertical line of the central shaft of guard shield tube portion at 70 ° with tilt.This is to consider, when surpassing 70 °, is difficult to make inert gas to mix with respect to the flame in the guard shield central flows.

(3-3) three-dimensional modeling

Said three-dimensional modeling is through micronized motlten metal head for target being sprayed and solidify, thereby carries out the method for three-dimensional modeling.

Metal material forms wire rod; Make the end fusion of this wire rod through discharge, and utilize air-flow that formed molten ball is flown up, but; Attached on the nozzle inner walls, and make wire rod fusion (for example with reference to patent documentation 8) in the outside of nozzle for fear of the motlten metal that ejects by gas.

In this appearance method, through gas motlten metal is blown and fly, so exist motlten metal to drip the problem low to the accuracy at target of base material from the nozzle ejection diffusion.

Suppose to make the particle of motlten metal in long nozzle, to fly, under the state that keeps craspedodrome property,, can expect that then accuracy at target especially improves, but such nozzle is not realized from nozzle ejection.

(3-4) cold spraying (cold spray)

Said cold spraying is not make material fusion or gasification and keep solid state shape with gas with supersonic flow and impact base material, thereby forms the method (for example with reference to patent documentation 9) of epithelium.With its particle of material self plastic deformation of supersonic speed impact, and form epithelium, thus different with other heat spraying methods, can suppress to change or oxidation because of thermal conductance causes properties of materials.

Patent documentation 1: the special public clear 62-24481 communique of Japan

Patent documentation 2: japanese kokai publication sho 62-110738 communique

Patent documentation 3: Japan special table 2004-503385 communique

Patent documentation 4: TOHKEMY 2006-175426 communique

Patent documentation 5: japanese kokai publication hei 11-279743 communique

Patent documentation 6: TOHKEMY 2001-181817 communique

Patent documentation 7: the spy opens the 2003-183805 communique

Patent documentation 8: the spy opens the 2000-248353 communique

Patent documentation 9: the spy opens the 2006-52449 communique

The injection nozzle of the correlation technique of using about said fine powder manufacturing, spray formation, thermal spraying arbitrary, all unresolved particle is attached to the problem on the nozzle inner walls.In addition, use the short nozzle of length, or make in the micronized method of metal material in the nozzle outside, existence can't be given full play to the original micronize effect that can pull out by gas flow rate.

Summary of the invention

The present invention researches and develops in view of the problem in the injection nozzle of the correlation technique of said that kind; Its purpose is; Provide a kind of particle that do not make to be attached to nozzle inner walls, and can effectively bring into play the accelerating jet and the injection nozzle apparatus of the acceleration effect of the micronize effect that obtains by gas flow rate and particle.

Accelerating jet of the present invention can form such structure; Has internal diameter towards the continuous or interim nozzle bore that enlarges of front end; On the Zhou Fangxiang of said nozzle bore inwall, be formed with and be used to make high velocity gas stream roughly to be the jet that tubular sprays, and this jet is along the multistage setting of cylinder axis direction of said nozzle bore towards the spray nozzle front end side.

In said accelerating jet, can form such structure, connect under the situation of tubular, make said jet to the inwall step part of upstream side that links together and downstream endless member opening in the form of a ring at a plurality of endless members that internal diameter is different.

In said accelerating jet, can form such structure; Be provided with gas and supply with the road; This gas is supplied with the road and is connected each endless member except that the above-mentioned endless member of front end; And supply with the gas that said high velocity gas stream forms usefulness, and being formed with the gas passage, this gas passage is supplied with the said jet at different levels of road direction from this gas and is supplied with said gas respectively.

In said accelerating jet, can form such structure; Said gas passage forms through between upstream side that links together and downstream endless member, the gap being set, and near the said jet of this gas passage, is formed with the high velocity gas stream formation portion that forms said high velocity gas stream through the width that dwindles the gas passage.

Accelerating jet with said structure can be connected with the jet expansion of hot spray apparatus, in addition, can be connected with the jet expansion of fine powder manufacturing installation, and then, can also be connected with the jet expansion of cold spray apparatus.

Injection nozzle apparatus of the present invention can form such structure; The current-carrying gas of the entrance side of distributing nozzle is formed high velocity gas stream through the Road narrows in the said nozzle (throat) portion; Make the particles of materialization that is in molten condition in the nozzle by this high velocity gas stream; And micronized particle sprayed from the jet expansion side, wherein, on the Zhou Fangxiang inwall of the nozzle bore in said Road narrows portion downstream; Have with nozzle center's axle almost parallel and towards the downstream jet of injecting protective gas, and possess the protective gas supply unit of the air-flow of the protective gas that around said high velocity gas stream, forms tubular.

So-called " forming the air-flow of the protective gas of said tubular "; Be meant as long as can form the air-flow of tubular in fact; For example can be through form the air-flow of tubular from the jet injecting protective gas of ring-type, perhaps also can be through forming tubular from many mouthful injecting protective gas that are configured on the circumference.

In said injection nozzle apparatus, can form such structure, said nozzle forms internal diameter from said Road narrows portion towards said outlet continuously or the interim enlarging nozzle (divergentnozzle) that enlarges.

In said injection nozzle apparatus, can form such structure, said nozzle constitutes by linking the aggregate that a plurality of endless members form along the ring central axis direction.

In said injection nozzle apparatus, can form such structure; Form internal diameter from said Road narrows portion under the situation of the interim enlarging nozzle that enlarges of said outlet; On the step part of each adjacent inner wall in the endless member that links together, form slit in the form of a ring as said protective gas jet.

In said injection nozzle apparatus, can form such structure; On protective gas supply road, be formed with the flow velocity protective gas consistent that makes protective gas and use Road narrows portion with the flow velocity of said high velocity gas stream at said slit upstream side; For example gases such as Laval nozzle are accelerated into the injection nozzle apparatus of high-speed type, also can promote said high velocity gas stream through the protective gas that imports.

In said injection nozzle apparatus, can form such structure; Inner peripheral portion is provided with air-flow deflection portion in the downstream of said endless member, and the gas stream that this air-flow deflection portion is used to make said protective gas is with the central shaft almost parallel of said nozzle and fitly towards the downstream.

In said injection nozzle apparatus, can form such structure; Near the Road narrows portion of said nozzle, be equipped with the pair of metal silk guide portion of supplying with thermal spraying material with mode wiry; To applying electric charge from the front end of said pair of metal silk guide portion outstanding pair of metal silk in nozzle, and as each electrode of anode and negative electrode.

In said injection nozzle apparatus, can form such structure; Constitute the said endless member of the upstream side of the flow direction that is configured in said high velocity gas stream by pottery; Supply is passed this pottery as the pair of metal silk guide portion wiry of thermal spraying material; To applying electric charge from the front end of these wire guide portion outstanding pair of metal silk in nozzle, and as each electrode of anode and negative electrode.

In said injection nozzle apparatus, can form such structure; Constitute the said endless member of the upstream side of the flow direction that is configured in said high velocity gas stream by pottery, be used for the fixed electrode that between this endless member and the wire supplied with through said Road narrows portion from the wire guide portion, carries out the electric arc fusion being equipped with on this endless member.

In said injection nozzle apparatus, can form such structure, be provided with the melt nozzle of on said nozzle center axle, supplying with liquation through said Road narrows portion.

In said injection nozzle apparatus, can form such structure,, supply with liquation from the direction of intersecting with respect to the high velocity gas stream in the said nozzle from connecting the melt nozzle that said endless member is provided with.

(invention effect)

According to accelerating jet of the present invention and injection nozzle apparatus, have the following advantages, promptly particle can be attached on the nozzle inner walls, and can effectively utilize the micronize effect that obtains by gas flow rate and the acceleration effect of particle.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 (a) is the main pseudosection of the principle of expression accelerating jet of the present invention, and Fig. 1 (b) is the B part enlarged drawing of presentation graphs 1 (a).

Fig. 2 is the stereogram of side, downstream of the endless member of presentation graphs 1.

Fig. 3 is the curve map that particle rapidity that expression obtains through accelerating jet of the present invention distributes.

Fig. 4 is the key diagram of the air-flow of expression accelerating jet of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is the key diagram of the flow velocity method of adjustment of expression accelerating jet of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is the key diagram of the velocity of interior mainstream gas of expression nozzle and protective gas.

Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of second embodiment of expression accelerating jet of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of the 3rd embodiment of expression accelerating jet of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of the variation of expression accelerating jet shown in Figure 8.

Figure 10 is the schematic diagram of another variation of expression accelerating jet shown in Figure 8.

Figure 11 is the schematic diagram of the 4th embodiment of expression accelerating jet of the present invention.

Figure 12 is the schematic diagram of the 5th embodiment of expression accelerating jet of the present invention.

Figure 13 is the schematic diagram of the 6th embodiment of expression accelerating jet of the present invention.

Figure 14 (a) is the top plan view of expression zinc with the structure of injection nozzle apparatus, and Figure 14 (b) is the main pseudosection of Figure 14 (a).

15 (a) are the main pseudosections of the structure of expression base end side endless member shown in Figure 11, and Figure 15 (b) is the right hand view of Figure 15 (a), and Figure 15 (c) is the E-E arrow points profile of Figure 15 (b).

Figure 16 (a) is the main pseudosection of the endless member that is bonded, and Figure 16 (b) is the right hand view of Figure 16 (a).

Figure 17 (a) is the main pseudosection of the endless member of spray nozzle front end, and Figure 17 (b) is the right hand view of Figure 17 (a).

Figure 18 (a) is the top plan view of titanium with the structure of injection nozzle apparatus, and Figure 18 (b) is the main pseudosection of Figure 18 (a).

Figure 19 (a) is the curve map with density comparative heat spraying property, and Figure 19 (b) is the curve map with yield rate comparative heat spraying property.

Figure 20 is a curve map of analyzing the composition of the thermal spraying epithelium that the present invention forms.

Figure 21 is the profile of the structure when representing that with schematic diagram accelerating jet of the present invention is applicable to cold spraying.

Figure 22 is the profile of the structure when representing that with schematic diagram accelerating jet of the present invention is applicable to the high-speed flame thermal spraying.

Figure 23 is the profile of the structure of expression accelerating jet of the present invention when being applicable to micro-granulating device.

Figure 24 is the structure chart of water experiment model of measuring the particle rapidity of micro-granulating device.

Figure 25 is the curve map that the particle rapidity of direction expression water experiment model, vertical with the spraying direction distributes.

Figure 26 is the curve map of the variation of particle rapidity distribution expression water experiment model, the spraying direction and particle diameter.

The stereogram of the structure when Figure 27 is the expression accelerating jet side of formation tubular.

Figure 28 is the profile of structure of the injection nozzle apparatus of expression correlation technique.

The drawing reference numeral explanation

1 accelerating jet

2 nozzles

2a～2j endless member

The 2k nozzle inner walls

The narrowest portion of 2m slit

3 entrance sides

4 Road narrows portions

5 outlet sides

6 protective gas are supplied with the road

7 air-flow deflection portions

8 upstream side end faces

9 assembling bolt holes (stack bolt)

11 main parts

12 spray nozzle parts

12a～12k endless member

13 gas passages

14 wire guide portion

15 wires

The specific embodiment

Below, specify the present invention according to the embodiment shown in the diagram.

1, the principle of accelerating jet

Fig. 1 representes the principle of accelerating jet of the present invention, and this Fig. 1 (a) representes main pseudosection, the B portion enlarged drawing of this Fig. 1 (b) presentation graphs 1 (a).

Among two figure, the entrance side 3 of 1 pair of nozzle 2 of accelerating jet imports current-carrying gas.

The Road narrows portion 4 that the current-carrying gas that is imported into is dwindled through internal diameter; Form high velocity gas stream (below be called mainstream gas Gs) thus; By this mainstream gas Gs stream, make the particle micronize of solid or liquid, and this micronized particle is sprayed from the outlet side 5 of nozzle 2.

In addition, said nozzle 2 links along central axis direction and forms through having a plurality of endless member 2a～2j that are used for the through hole that mainstream gas Gs flows through.

At length; In the flow direction (A direction) of mainstream gas Gs; Upstream side for example disposes the pottery system endless member 2a as substrate; Downstream disposes the SUS system endless member 2j that constitutes nozzle end, the multistage SUS system endless member 2b～2i that links usefulness that disposes between these endless members 2a and 2j.

In addition; The 6th, connect the protective gas supply road (gas supply road) that each endless member 2a～2i wears; This protective gas is supplied with road 6 and is communicated with annulus (gas passage) 6a that is located at the linking portion of endless member 2a～2j as gap portion, each annulus 6a and then be communicated with slit (jet) T of ring-type on being formed on the nozzle inner walls circumferential position.Shown in Fig. 1 (b), this slit T with circular opening, shown in Fig. 1 (a), is provided with multistage on the coaxial direction of nozzle bore to the inwall step part of upstream side endless member 2a that is bonded and downstream endless member 2b.

Thus, the importing protective gas is supplied with the protective gas SGs on road 6 at annulus 6a interflow, independently supplies with to the slit T as jets at different levels through this annulus 6a, and forms tubular and injection in nozzle 2 from slit T is whole.

Said protective gas is supplied with road 6 and is played the effect as the protective gas supply unit with slit T.

Then, with the thermal spraying be the action that the example explanation has the accelerating jet 1 of said structure.

On endless member 2a, insert and be connected with the wire guide portion of supplying with in the subtend nozzle 2 as thermal spraying material wiry (afterwards stating), two one metal wires outstanding from each wire guide portion are in contact with one another near the outlet side of Road narrows portion 4.

Accelerating jet 1 is to send into live gas in the nozzle 2 from each endless member 2a～2i with the roughly the same flow velocity of the mainstream gas Gs that in nozzle 2, flows through successively; Thereby form the new gas (protective gas SGs) in the covering nozzles 2; Thus, metallic reduces attached to the chance on nozzle 2 inwalls significantly.

In addition, the preferred ideally and nozzle center's axle parallel injection of protective gas SGs is more preferably evenly equally supplied with nozzle inner walls 2k whole circumference.

Therefore, in the nozzle with circular section 2, ideally, supply with protective gas SGs with the slit of the ring-type of same widths formation, thereby make the air-flow of protective gas SGs formation tubular, in the supply nozzle 2 from complete cycle.

For with this protective gas SGs and the parallel supply of nozzle center's axle, need be as the interval air-flow deflection portion 7 of walk help.

At length, between the endless member 2b in the endless member 2a of upstream side and downstream, be formed with the annulus 6a that protective gas SGs supplies with usefulness.

Air-flow deflection portion 7 is Hubei Province shape with the downstream inner peripheral among the endless member 2a to give prominence to the structure that forms, and surpasses the further setting of side extension downstream of upstream side end face 8 (the outstanding length N of reference among the figure) of endless member 2b.Thus, the slit T that is communicated with said annulus 6a forms ring-type.Such annulus 6a and narrow annular channel T are formed at each of endless member 2a～2i.

The structure of 1-1, accelerating jet

Fig. 2 is the stereogram of the side, downstream of expression endless member 2a.

On the periphery of the through hole of the central part of being located at endless member 2a, be formed with air-flow deflection portion 7, be concaved with annulus 6a at its terminal part with tubular.Circumference uniformly-spaced is formed with protective gas supply road 6 (in this embodiment being 8) in this annulus 6a upper edge.

That is, supply with the protective gas SGs that supplies with on road 6 from protective gas and flow to annulus 6a and collaborate, through air-flow deflection portion 7 make air-flow towards being altered to nozzle center's direction of principal axis, and form the air-flow of tubular, in the supply nozzle 2.In addition, 9 are assembling bolt holes among the figure.

Returning Fig. 1 describes.

In each endless member 2a～2j, the nozzle bore of the endless member in downstream forms greatly with respect to the endless member of upstream side, utilizes the difference in this aperture and the step that produces is guaranteed said slit T.In addition, nozzle bore is interim hole enlargement towards the downstream, thereby can make near nozzle center's axle of nozzle inner walls away from particle a large amount of flights simultaneously of molten condition.

With motlten metal distributing nozzle central shaft or will fuse with the metal material electric arc on the form supply nozzle central shaft wiry the time; Usually can think; Particle concentration on nozzle center's axle is the highest, and defers to more to the few more Gaussian distribution of periphery (radially) particle concentration.

Therefore, make nozzle inner walls, then can reduce the probability of particle contact nozzle inwall 2k away from nozzle center's axle.

In addition, as stated, the particle of supplying with from nozzle center's axle is spreading to nozzle footpath direction during the flight of nozzle downstream, but this diffusion is influenced by the turbulent flow of the air-flow in the nozzle.

Air-flows in the nozzle 2 show as that velocity gradient (ratio of velocity variations on the space) is bigger then to become big turbulent flow more, so the gas flow rate in the preferred nozzle 2 as far as possible.

Accelerating jet 1 of the present invention can solve the speed big problem consistent with the speed of mainstream gas that makes protective gas, can successfully in said nozzle 2, form the same air-flow.

Below, specify.

(a) nozzle be with nozzle under the situation of nozzle of subsonic speed action of Mach number less than 1 of air-flow, the flow velocity u of the protective gas through slit T is according to the pressure p 1 of slit front side and the pressure p 2 of slit rear side, the density p of using gases and by

(formula 1)

$u=\sqrt{\frac{2(p_1-p_2)}{\mathrm{\ρ}}}\·\·\·\·\·\·\left(1\right)$

Expression.

The nozzle internal pressure equates with the pressure of slit rear side, is p2, so as long as comprise the slit T of upstream side, all lateral pressure is made as p1 and gets final product before the slit of endless member 2a～2j.

In order to realize this design; Whole slit T is prepared independent protection gas supply with the road; Also can pressure all be adjusted into setting; But, can adopt gas storage tanks (being commonly referred to header box) difference and each slit T supplied with the method for protective gas SGs from one as the method that realizes this design more simply.

Accelerating jet 1 shown in Figure 1 adopts the method for salary distribution of distributing from said header box, the slit T of each endless member 2a～2j is supplied with the protective gas of uniform pressure p1.

(b) nozzle be with nozzle under the situation of nozzle of the Mach 2 ship of the air-flow supersonic speed action more than 1; When using superonic flow nozzzle; If the nozzle form that can not make Laval nozzle have the expansion section is like this passed through, then can not protective gas SGs be supplied in the nozzle 2 with the flow velocity identical with mainstream gas Gs.

Among Fig. 1 (b),, the inner peripheral of downstream endless member 2b is carried out Machining of Curved Surface, so that the A/F D of the narrowest the 2m of A/F C＞slit of slit T outlet as the structure that realizes this.

Last and the nozzle inner walls of the narrowest (protective gas is used Road narrows portion) 2m of slit links, and is relative therewith, forms linear plane with the narrowest the opposed air-flow deflection of 2m of slit portion 7.Like this, straight line portion and circular arc portion have a certain gap and form stream, have the narrowest Road narrows thereby protective gas SGs sprays the centre of the slit T of usefulness, and formation arrive the wide more Laval nozzle of downstream opening width more.

In addition, when slit T is formed the Laval nozzle structure, being not limited to the combination of said such straight line portion and circular arc portion, for example also can be the combination of circular arc and circular arc.

1-2, particle rapidity distribute

Fig. 3 is the curve map of expression by the particle rapidity distribution of said accelerating jet 1 gained.

Among this figure, the center of 0 expression nozzle 2 of transverse axis ,+value and-value representation rightabout directions X distance and Y direction distance apart from this nozzle center, the longitudinal axis is represented particle rapidity.

The outlet diameter of nozzle 2 is Φ 15mm, therefore, transverse axis+7.5mm～-scope of 7.5mm representes in the mentioned nozzle area.

In addition, the measurement result of this curve map is to use the nozzle (with reference to Fig. 7) that possesses electric arc fusion mechanism to carry out the thermal spraying of zinc, and the thermal spraying condition is following.

The air pressure of nitrogen is 1.3MPa, and air-flow is 0.17kg/s, gas Mach 2 ship 1.8, and the quantity delivered of zinc is 1.7 * 10 ^-4Kg/s.

The result that laser phase is measured by doppler flowmeter is: the average speed of jet expansion is about 420m/s.In addition, with respect to jet expansion diameter of phi 15mm, the position that particle exists be Φ 12mm (+6～-6mm) in the scope, particle rapidity is roughly certain.

In addition, analyze the microscopic observation photo of deposit, the particle diameter that then impacts base material is Φ 10～30 μ m.

In addition, (Electron Probe Micro Analyzer: the linear analysis electron probe micro-analysis device), then the Fe as the principal component of endless member is detected throughout to carry out the EPMA of deposit thickness direction.This means the particle that has the internal face that impacts endless member, but its concentration is extremely few, and only produces dispersedly, hence one can see that protects the protective gas SGs of nozzle 2 to bring into play effect by motlten metal.

In addition, the possibility of nitrogenize in order to confirm the reaction of current-carrying gas and zinc, the existence of investigation nitrogen, but do not detect nitrogen fully.This considers it is the utmost point extremely speed cooling of zinc particles quilt in the short time because of in nitrogenize.

In addition, though detect oxygen, this is that the oxide scale film wiry possibility of bringing into is very big.

The adjusting of 1-3, nozzle length

In addition, though from a slit T to supplying with protective gas SGs in the nozzle 2, if gas and particle move about a certain distance, then also can in nozzle 2, have many turbulent flows soon, and particle diffuses near the nozzle inner walls 2k.

Therefore; In the accelerating jet 1 of this embodiment; Through linking a plurality of endless member 2a～2j; Thereby constitute nozzle 2, and from the slit T of each linking portion of being formed at endless member with the direction of nozzle center's axle almost parallel in nozzle 2, supply with protective gas SGs respectively, and make the supply action of protective gas SGs proceed to the required length of acceleration of particle repeatedly.

In addition, to the nozzle 2 interior thickness decisions of supplying with the interval of protective gas SGs by endless member 2a～2i, but can in the scope of 5～20mm, select usually.

About endless member 2a～2i, be difficult to the thickness that prior forecasting institute needs, carry out micronize so prepare the endless member of all thickness, decide the thickness of endless member through tentative mistake.

For example,, be replaced by the endless member of thin thickness, under the situation that does not have particle to adhere to, increase the thickness adjustment of the thickness of endless member in visible adhering under the situation of particle on the nozzle inner walls.

In addition; The required nozzle length of the acceleration of particle (is supplied with material from calciner with the abundant high temperature more than the fusing point according to metal material, other supply method according to metal material; Or supply with material and make its electric arc fusion with form wiry), or according to gas flow rate in the nozzle and difference, so adjust nozzle length through the link piece number that changes endless member.

That is, when increasing nozzle 2, particle's velocity increases, and but, the temperature of particle is reduced by gas cooled.

Owing to be related to the yield rate and the density of accumulating in the yield rate of adhering in the thermal spraying and porosity, spray formation and the three-dimensional modeling, so nozzle length is an important parameters.

In this embodiment, can adjust this nozzle length through the such straightforward procedure of link piece number that changes endless member, so need not make whole nozzle 2 again, promptly variable nozzle length.

In addition, after the micronize operation, must carry out the dismantling-cleaning of nozzle 2, but any position finger of the endless member 2a～2j of this embodiment can touch all, thus can maintain simply, thus also can shorten the required time of maintenance significantly.

The supply method of 1-4, protective gas

Then, explain that the flow velocity that makes protective gas SGs is consistent with the flow velocity of mainstream gas Gs and this protective gas SGs is supplied to the method in the nozzle 2.

About subsonic air-flow might as well, about ultrasonic air-flow might as well, all can through flow velocity divided by velocity of sound standardized Mach number represent the speed of air-flow, so fast at this free flow with Mach number M.

The mainstream gas Gs that in nozzle 2, sprays via Road narrows portion 4 shown in Figure 1, the protective gas SGs that in nozzle 2, sprays via each slit T is expanded to the state that nozzle 2 internal pressures (static pressure) reach balance.In addition, under the situation of supersonic airstream, pressure wave carries out complex reflex in nozzle 2, but this influence can be disregarded.

If from the mainstream gas Gs of Road narrows portion 4, all have identical total head (stagnation pressure) and full temperature from the protective gas SGs of each slit T, then the consistent condition of the flow velocity of two gases is a Mach number M unanimity.At this moment, from the air-flow of Road narrows portion 4, all have identical pressure (static pressure) simultaneously from the air-flow of each slit T, thereby can in nozzle 2, form the state of balance.

As realizing this simplest method, as shown in Figure 1, the subsonic speed portion (upstream side of Road narrows portion 4) from same area takes out with gas, thereby the total head of all gas that comprises mainstream gas Gs and protective gas SGs and full temperature are equated.

Particularly, can run through being provided with that protective gas is supplied with road 6 and connecting each endless member 2a～2i from Road narrows portion 4 upstream sides of endless member 2a, thereby with protective gas SGs difference.

Fig. 4 is the accompanying drawing of air-flow in the medelling nozzle.

In addition, for simple declaration, be 6 grades with the connective number of endless member, form slit T1～T5.

As shown in the drawing; Form identical Mach number respectively and spray from the air-flow G0 of Road narrows portion 4 and from air-flow G1～G5 of slit T1～T5, then and then can think that Mach number is constant under such state; PARALLEL FLOW in nozzle 2, and in nozzle 2, form air-flow cylindraceous.

In fact; Turbulent flow in the nozzle 2 makes the gas diffusion, and pressure forms poised state between G0～G5, and the gas that then sprays from each slit T1～T5 neither expands and also do not shrink; So suppose constantly, be appropriate for the sectional area of confirming nozzle from the sectional area that gas occupied of each slot injection.

Usually; Being used to keep the certain nozzle of Mach number is the long nozzle that is made up of the roughly straight tube that G0 representes, with respect to this, in the accelerating jet of the present invention; Shown in G1～G5; Protective gas is supplied with road SGs spray formation interimly,, preventing that aspect the adhering to of particle be effective so can make the interim ground of nozzle inner walls face away from nozzle center's axle.

Then, the limit is with reference to the condition of Fig. 5 limit explanation about being used for identical Mach number gas being sprayed from Road narrows portion 4 and each slit T1～T5.

The area of setting the narrowest of slit is A ₀ ^*, slit outlet area be A ₀, the Mach number M of slit outlet then ₀Formula is represented by formula (2).

(formula 2)

$\frac{A_0}{{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="A"\; filenames="H2007800236703E00121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">A</figure-callout>}}_0}^{*}}=\frac{1}{M_0}{\left[\frac{(\mathrm{\&kappa;}-1){{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="M"\; filenames="H2007800236703E00121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">M</figure-callout>}}_0}^2+2}{\mathrm{\&kappa;}+1}\right]}^{\frac{\mathrm{\&kappa;}+1}{2(\mathrm{\&kappa;}-1)}}\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\left(2\right)$

Wherein, k is a ratio of specific heat.

Equally, the area of the narrowest 2m of setting slit is A _i ^*, the area of slit outlet is A _i, the Mach number M of slit outlet then _iRepresent by formula (3).

(formula 3)

$\frac{A_i}{{A_i}^{*}}=\frac{1}{M_i}{\left[\frac{(\mathrm{\&kappa;}-1){{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="M\; i"\; filenames="H2007800236703E00011.png,H2007800236703E00031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">M</figure-callout>}}_i}^2+2}{\mathrm{\&kappa;}+1}\right]}^{\frac{\mathrm{\&kappa;}+1}{2(\mathrm{\&kappa;}-1)}}\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\left(3\right)$

Here, i=1,2,3.......

For the Mach number that makes Road narrows portion 4 and the outlet of slit T1, T2, R3...... equates, need make

(formula 4)

$\frac{A_0}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="A"\; filenames="H2007800236703E00121.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">A</figure-callout>}}_0^{*}}=\frac{A_i}{A_i^{*}}\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\left(4\right)$

Set up, promptly the narrowest the area ratio with outlet equates to get final product about Road narrows portion 4 and each slit T1～T5.

Thus, can make the flow velocity of mainstream gas Gs consistent with the flow velocity of protective gas SGs.

Fig. 6 is that the velocity of the protective gas SGs that sprays with mainstream gas Gs with from the slit T of the linking portion that is formed on endless member 2a and endless member 2b is representational accompanying drawing.

As shown in the drawing, can know protective gas SGs and mainstream gas Gs PARALLEL FLOW, and flow velocity is approximate consistent.

2, the kind of accelerating jet

Fig. 7～Figure 12 is the schematic diagram of another embodiment of expression accelerating jet of the present invention.

At first; In the accelerating jet 20 shown in Figure 7; Near the 21d of the Road narrows portion upstream side of the endless member 21a that is disposed at upstream side, set the wiry wire guide portion 22,23 of supply as thermal spraying material; The wire 24,25 of the double as anode that will be through these wire guide portion 22,23 and the electrode of negative electrode is supplied in the nozzle 26, and makes its upstream side fusion at the 21d of Road narrows portion.

In the accelerating jet 30 shown in Figure 8; Constitute the endless member 31a that is disposed at upstream side by pottery; Let and pass this endless member 31a as the wire guide portion wiry 32,33 of thermal spraying material; The wire 34,35 of the double as anode that will be through these wire guide portion 32,33 and the electrode of negative electrode is supplied in the nozzle 36, and, make it in the fusion of downstream of the 31d of Road narrows portion.

Fig. 9 and Figure 10 represent the variation of accelerating jet shown in Figure 8 30.

Accelerating jet 37 shown in Figure 9; Upstream side nozzle bore through dwindling electric arc point is (for example shown in Figure 8; The aperture of the 31d of Road narrows portion is made as Φ 3.5mm, and then the aperture with the 31f of Road narrows portion is reduced into Φ 1.3mm), thus can airflow flowing in this nozzle be accelerated into subsonic speed.

In addition, in the accelerating jet 38 shown in Figure 10, the nozzle passage 31g (Φ 1.3mm) that sets thin footpath is formed near the upstream side of electric arc point, thereby near electric arc point, sprays subsonic air-flow.

Structure according to accelerating jet shown in Figure 9 37; Through supersonic airstream, electric arc is blown to fly, and perhaps wire 34,35 is made up of softer raw material such as Al; Receive supersonic airstream and vibrate, thereby have the effect that under the unsettled situation of electric arc, makes arc stability.

In addition,, can spray,, can make electric arc more stable so compare with the accelerating jet 37 of Fig. 9 near name a person for a particular job subsonic air-flow of electric arc according to accelerating jet shown in Figure 10 38.

According to said accelerating jet 37,38, can realize thin and the high spraying of energy density.

In the accelerating jet 40 shown in Figure 11; The endless member 41a that is disposed at upstream side is made up of pottery, is setting the fixed electrode 43,44 that is used for carrying out the electric arc fusion between itself and the wire 42 supplied with from the 41d of Road narrows portion of wire guide portion through nozzle on this endless member 41a.

Accelerating jet 50 shown in Figure 12 has the nozzle 52 that is made up of the endless member 51a～51c that vertically arranges; As the mechanism that metal material is supplied in this nozzle 52, adopt to be provided with the structure of supplying with the melt nozzle 53 of liquation through the 51d of Road narrows portion of nozzle 52.

Accelerating jet 60 shown in Figure 13 has the nozzle 62 that endless member 61a～61c of being arranged by along continuous straight runs constitutes; As the mechanism that metal material is supplied in this nozzle 62; Adopt to connect near the downstream that is disposed at the 61d of Road narrows portion endless member 61b and with melt nozzle 63 from inserting with the direction (down) of the air-flow approximate vertical of mainstream gas Gs, supply with liquation from this melt nozzle 63 with respect to the high velocity gas stream in the nozzle 63 thus.

In addition, accelerating jet is not limited to the situation with described vertical direction, the configuration of horizontal direction posture, also can under inclination attitude, dispose.

3, use the injection nozzle apparatus of accelerating jet

Then, structure with the corresponding injection nozzle apparatus of thermal spraying material is described.

3-1, zinc are used injection nozzle apparatus

Zn is owing to its fusing point low (692.7K), so can fully accelerate to 400m/s, the plastic deformation heat during through impact is fused the surface, can be attached on the base material.Therefore, shown in figure 14 in this case, use the long nozzle of paying attention to acceleration.In addition, gas pressure is 1.2MPa, and gas temperature is a normal temperature.

This Figure 14 (a) representes the whole vertical view of injection nozzle apparatus 10 with section, and this Figure 14 (b) representes its front view with profile.

Among two figure, injection nozzle apparatus 10 has main part 11, gives prominence to the nozzles 12 that are provided with from this main part 11.

In main part 11, be formed with and be used to make mainstream gas Gs towards gas passage 13 that nozzle 12 flows.See that from overlooking this gas passage 13 is the thin shape of front end towards the downstream, and be communicated with the gas supply road 13a that is used for from the left and right directions supply gas.

In said gas passage 13; Pair of metal silk guide portion 14,14 is configured to acute angle (towards the downstream); In spray nozzle part 12, give prominence to through being formed on the bullport on the endless member 12a from the wire 15,15 that these wire guide portion 14,14 are seen off, each outstanding front end is in contact with one another in the downstream of the 12m of Road narrows portion.

The front end double as anode and the negative electrode of said wire 15,15 through applying electric charge, thereby are fused by electric arc.

Nozzle 12 constitutes through a plurality of endless member 12a～12k are linked along nozzle center's direction of principal axis.

Figure 15 is the accompanying drawing of structure of the endless member 12a of the expression cardinal extremity that constitutes nozzle 12, and this figure (a) be a top plan view, and figure (b) is a right hand view, and scheming (c) is the E-E arrow points profile of Figure 15 (b).

Central part at endless member 12a is formed with the gas flow path 12n that mainstream gas Gs flows, and in the way of this gas flow path 12n, is formed with the 12m of Road narrows portion.

Near the downstream of the 12m of this Road narrows portion, offer and be used to supply with bullport 12p wiry, 12p; The end of downstream side of gas flow path 12n forms with the outstanding air-flow deflection 12q of portion of tubular, makes the air-flow of protective gas SGs and the air-flow almost parallel of mainstream gas Gs.

Around this air-flow deflection 12q of portion, be formed with groove 12r, between this groove 12r and endless member downstream end face 12s, be formed with the engaging recessed part 12t bigger than groove 12r diameter with ring-type with ring-type.

In addition; In groove 12r, uniformly-spaced be equipped with the protective gas supply road 12u that is used to supply with protective gas SGs along circumference; The protective gas SGs that supplies with 12u supply in road from each protective gas collaborates at groove 12r, and forms the air-flow (with reference to the protection air-flow SGs of Figure 15 (c)) of tubular along the outer wall of the air-flow deflection 12r of portion.

In addition, among the figure, 12v is used for through the hole portion of combination with bolt.

The accompanying drawing of the structure of Figure 16 endless member 12b that to be expression link with the downstream of said endless member 12a, this Figure 16 (a) is a top plan view, Figure 16 (b) is a right hand view.

In addition, about endless member 12b～12j,, be identical structure basically, so be that these structures are explained in representative with said endless member 12b except the internal diameter of gas flow path 12n enlarges this on the one hand successively.

Be formed with the engaging protuberance 12x of tubular at the central part of the upstream side end face 12w of endless member 12b, engaging recessed part 12t of this engaging protuberance 12x and said endless member 12a is chimeric.

In addition, the outside diameter d 1 of the air-flow deflection 12q of portion of inner diameter d 2＞endless member 12a of the gas flow path 12n of endless member 12b.

In addition, O type circle as seal is installed on endless groove 12y.In addition, 12q ' is an air-flow deflection portion, and 12r ' is an annular recess, and 12t ' is and then the chimeric engaging recessed part that engages protuberance that the endless member that links with the downstream is arranged.

Figure 17 representes to be disposed at the structure of endless member 12k of the front end of nozzle 12, and Figure 17 (a) is a top plan view, and Figure 17 (b) is a right hand view.

Endless member 12k heart portion therein forms gas flow path 12n, on upstream side end face 12w ', is formed with engaging protuberance 12x '., the inner diameter d of the interim gas flow path 12n that enlarges of endless member 12a is 15mm from constituting the internal diameter, this embodiment of this endless member 12k at last.

3-2, titanium are used injection nozzle apparatus

Ti is because its fusing point high (1953K), so under the cold excessively situation of particle, do not accelerate to about 700m/s, the heat of the plastic deformation when then impacting can not make surface melting adhere to.This particle quickens needed gas pressure, under the situation of air, surpasses 50MPa.Therefore, in the thermal spraying of Ti, use short nozzle, so that particle can be not cold excessively.In addition, gas pressure is 1.8MPa, and gas temperature is a normal temperature.

Figure 18 (a), Figure 18 (b) respectively by profile represent injection nozzle apparatus 10 ' whole vertical view and front view.

Among two figure, injection nozzle apparatus 10 ' have main part 16, give prominence to the nozzles 17 that are provided with from this main part 16.

In main part 16, be formed with and be used to make mainstream gas towards gas passage 18 that spray nozzle part 17 flows.With respect to this gas passage 18, be formed with from the gas of left and right directions supply gas and supply with road 18a.

In this gas passage 18; Pair of metal silk guide portion 19,19 is configured to acute angle; The wire 19a, the 19a that see off from these wire guide portion 19,19 give prominence in spray nozzle part 17 through being formed on the bullport on the endless member 12a, and each outstanding front end is in contact with one another in the downstream of the 17i of Road narrows portion.

Spray nozzle part 17 constitutes through each endless member 17a～17h is linked along cylinder axis direction, the slit of protective gas SGs from the linking portion that is formed on each endless member 17a～17h towards nozzle 17 in and the air-flow of mainstream gas Gs spray abreast.

In addition, in said embodiment, be that example describes with Zn and Ti, but as thermal spraying material in addition, also can use metal/alloy, pottery, cermets etc. such as Al, Cu, SUS steel as thermal spraying material.

In addition, in said embodiment, constitute nozzle, link but also can the endless member of different-thickness be mixed through endless member multi-disc binding with same thickness.

In addition, in said embodiment, said nozzle is made up of towards the interim enlarging nozzle that enlarges of jet expansion from said Road narrows portion internal diameter, but also can be made up of the enlarging nozzle that continuity enlarges.In this case, through on the nozzle inner walls circumferential position, arranging a plurality of jets with nozzle center's axle almost parallel and towards the downstream injecting protective gas.

3-3, thermal spraying performance

Curve map shown in Figure 19 is the accompanying drawing of the thermal spraying performance when relatively using different thermal spraying materials, and the curve map of Figure 19 (a) is the density through the epithelium of thermal spraying formation, the yield rate of the graphical representation epithelium of Figure 19 (b).

The thermal spraying material that uses as sample is Al, Cu, Ti, SUS304.When thermal spraying is tested,, and can regulate nozzle length to each thermal spraying material through the link piece number of change endless member.Particularly,, use the long nozzle of paying attention to acceleration, for example use the nozzle of 200mm length about Al, Cu about low-melting thermal spraying material.On the other hand, use short nozzle,, for example use the nozzle of 40mm length, use the nozzle of 70mm length about SUS304 about Ti so that particle can be not cold excessively about the high thermal spraying material of fusing point.

Shown in the curve map of 19 (a), be 90～94% high density by the epithelium density of each thermal spraying material gained, can confirm good one-tenth membrane stage.

In addition, like the curve map of Figure 19 (b), nozzle length changes in the scope of 40～200mm, the yield rate of investigation epithelium.Consequently, can confirm to increase more nozzle length, then all there is low more trend in the yield rate of each thermal spraying material.This considers when aloft particle cold excessively, then is difficult to attached on the base material.

In addition,, even nozzle length forms 200mm, also can access the yield rate about 40%, but only can access the yield rate about 15%, only can access the yield rate about 5～10% about SUS304 and Ti about Cu about Al.So thermal spraying material uses under the low-melting situation can use the nozzle that grows to 200mm, but be to use the upper limit of preferably nozzle being grown under the situation of the high material of fusing point to be set at below the 70mm.More preferably be set at about 40mm.

The curve map of Figure 20 is to carry out the Ti thermal spraying epithelium EPMA of film forming through the nozzle to use 40mm length, and carries out constituent analysis about the point about Φ 1 μ m, and transverse axis is represented energy, and the longitudinal axis is represented the X line strength.

Can know according to this curve map, detect Ti, not detect oxygen in the analysis result, obtain real example thus, can not have to form the Ti epithelium under the state of oxidation as the element that constitutes the thermal spraying epithelium.

In addition, N and C also detect extremely few amount, are detected but N is a nitrogen as current-carrying gas, and C is that the composition as the resin of the sample that is used to be shaped is detected, and can ignore.

4, cold spraying

Then, explain that accelerating jet of the present invention is applicable to the structure of the situation of cold spraying.

Cold spraying is to dropping into the thermal spraying material of pulverulence in the supersonic airstream of the temperature of the fusing point that is lower than thermal spraying material, and under solid state shape, this thermal spraying material impact base material is formed the method for epithelium.

Can use metal, alloy, ceramal, pottery etc. as thermal spraying material.In addition, the particle diameter of thermal spraying material generally can use the material of 1～50 μ m.

Shown in figure 21, injection nozzle apparatus that cold spraying is used 70 mainly is made up of main part 71 and the accelerating jet 72 that links the front end of this main part 71.

Said main part 71 has hollow chamber 71a, is formed with the thin 71b of portion of front end in the spraying direction front side of this hollow chamber 71a.In addition, on hollow chamber 71a, be communicated with first supply hole 71c that supplies with gases at high pressure and the second supply hole 71d that supplies with gases at high pressure and coccoid respectively, each gases at high pressure is supplied with from shared source of the gas (nitrogen, helium, air etc.) difference.

The structure of the structure of said accelerating jet 72 and accelerating jet shown in Figure 11 is basic identical, can around it, form the protective gas of tubular with respect to the thermal spraying material of direction in nozzle.

According to said injection nozzle apparatus 70, collaborate in hollow chamber 71a through the gases at high pressure of first supply hole 71c supply and the gases at high pressure of supplying with through the second supply hole 71d that contain thermal spraying material, and form supersonic flow through the thin 71b of portion of front end.

Along its inwall jet gas successively, form the roughly air-flow of tubular from each slit T of each endless member 72a～72k of constituting accelerating jet 72, thus, the thermal spraying material of flight is protected with tubular airflow flowing roughly accelerating jet 72 in.

Thus, can not contact, promptly be not deposited on the inwall and quicken, and impact base material, consequently, form epithelium with the inwall of accelerating jet 72 from the thermal spraying material of main part 71 with supersonic velocity.

According to said injection nozzle apparatus 70, for example can only in the necessary scope of parts, be limited to necessity and carry out partial operation, and can form fine and close epithelium.

Figure 22 is the structure that expression accelerating jet of the present invention is applicable to the situation of high-speed flame thermal spraying.

As shown in the drawing, the thermal spraying gun 80 of high-speed flame hot spray apparatus is made up of combustion chamber 80a, spray nozzle part 80b and the 80c of tube portion.

In the 80a of combustion chamber, fuel and oxygen mix, and are lighted a fire, thereby produce combustion flame (flame), and the 80d of Road narrows portion that this combustion flame is formed on the spray nozzle part 80b temporarily reduces, and forms high velocity stream thus, and then through the 80c of tube portion.

In high-speed flame thermal spraying as correlation technique, generally supply with the powder thermospraying material, the long 80c of tube portion of length can accelerated particle, aspect minimizing is deposited in the hole in the epithelium on the base material, is favourable.But if increase the tube 80c of portion, the particle that then in combustion flame, is in the acceleration begins fusion because of this flame heat regulating, soon on the inwall attached to the 80c of tube portion.

Therefore, in high-speed flame hot spray apparatus shown in Figure 22, also link the accelerating jet 81 that has by constituting with the substantially the same structure of structure of accelerating jet 1 shown in Figure 1 at the front end of the 80c of tube portion.

Said accelerating jet 81 links with the front end of the 80c of tube portion, thereby after particle begins fusion, also can in nozzle, keep the acceleration of particle.Consequently, can solve the problem of particle attached to the high-speed flame thermal spraying of this correlation technique on the inside pipe wall.

In addition; Accelerating jet of the present invention is not limited to said high-speed flame thermal spraying; Also can link, keep the acceleration in the nozzle, and eliminate particle adhering to nozzle inner walls with the back level of the hot spray apparatus of the type that makes particle fusion through plasma thermal spraying, high-temperature gas.

In addition, among the figure, 82 is that thermal spraying particle, 83 is that base material, 84 is for being deposited in the thermal spraying epithelium on this base material 83.

6, micro-granulating device

Figure 23 representes that accelerating jet of the present invention is applicable to and motlten metal is flowed micronize and makes the structure of situation of the micro-granulating device of metal dust.

Among this figure, micro-granulating device 90 is incorporated in the shell 92 of the below that is disposed at calciner 91.

Micro-granulating device 90 has the annulus 90a of hollow and extends supporting mass 90b and the 90c that is provided with from this periphery wall along diametric(al), and a supporting mass 90c is hollow and constitutes, and is communicated with annulus 90a, and plays the effect as the supply unit of gases at high pressure.

In addition, supporting mass 90b, 90c rotate around said axle, thus, annulus 90a are swung on the paper thickness direction.

On the bottom surface of annulus 90a, hang down and be provided with the accelerating jet 93 that constitutes by the essentially identical structure of structure with accelerating jet 1 shown in Figure 1.

In the said structure, be supplied to the gases at high pressure of annulus 90a through supporting mass 90c, also the slit T from each endless member 93a～93h of injection nozzle apparatus 93 sprays.

In addition, in the micro-granulating device of said annulus 90a wobbling action, have micro-granulating device 90 and be not fixed in the structure on the calciner 91, and between calciner 91 and this micro-granulating device 90, have space 94, this space 94 is generally roughly atmospheric pressure.

In the micro-granulating device with said structure 90, from the liquation 95 of melt nozzle 91a ejection because of gravity vertically flows down, when the center through annulus 90a, by gases at high pressure (atomization gas) AGs micronize.

When further being passed through in the accelerating jet 93, quickened by the gases at high pressure that spray from slit T, thereby the impact velocity of base material is impacted in raising by micronized particle.

The density of the crystal ingot (billet) of on base material, piling up particle and forming is owing to roughly be directly proportional with the impact velocity of particle, thus through add can accelerated particle said accelerating jet 93, and the high crystal ingot of density that can be shaped.

In addition, in the said structure, space 94 is communicated with the nozzle central authorities of accelerating jet 93, quickens with particle so accelerating jet 93 sucks atmospheric gas from nozzle central authorities.Therefore, compare with the situation that nozzle central authorities is imported gases at high pressure, the efficient of accelerated particle reduces.

Therefore; Through particle rapidity in the experimental measurement nozzle and gas Mach number; For example under the situation that the gas of 0.6MPa is sprayed from each slit T of endless member; Particle's velocity in the flight of nozzle central authorities is 300m/s (being 400m/s under the situation to nozzle central authorities supply gases at high pressure), and it is about 1.0～1.5 that the Mach number of gas can accelerate to.Thus, aspect actual use, confirm to access satisfied acceleration effect.

7, the particle rapidity of water experiment model is measured

Figure 24 is illustrated in the particle's velocity of flight in the accelerating jet and is used for measuring speed to distribute and the water experiment model of formation.

Among this figure, water pot 91 ' be equivalent to calciner shown in Figure 23 91, annulus 90a " are equivalent to annulus 90a, accelerating jet 93 ' be equivalent to accelerating jet 93 equally.96 are the nozzle from water pot 91 ' hang down.In addition, from the annulus 90a ' supply gases at high pressure of hollow.

In addition, in the water experiment model shown in Figure 24, micro-granulating device shown in Figure 23 is formed the configuration of seeing from the gases at high pressure direction of the supply.Therefore, accelerating jet 93 " along the left and right directions wobbling action.

Curve map shown in Figure 25 uses said water experiment model, and the particle rapidity of measuring the direction vertical with the spraying direction distributes.

In this curve map, transverse axis is represented the distance of distance spraying center S, and the longitudinal axis is represented particle rapidity.In addition, the accelerating jet 93 that in this water experiment model, uses ' the aperture of jet expansion be Φ 16mm.

In the curve map, characteristic M1 is in the characteristic apart from the distance measure moving particle speed of jet expansion 25mm, can obtain in the spraying periphery particle rapidity slow (350m/s) near nozzle inner walls, in the VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION of spraying central part particle rapidity slack-off (250m/s).This considers because must be while sucking that atmospheric gas quickens and the hysteresis that causes at the spraying central part.

Characteristic M2 is in the characteristic apart from the distance measure moving particle speed of jet expansion 250mm, and the particle rapidity of spraying central part is compared with characteristic M1 and is accelerated, and on the other hand, about the spraying periphery, the distance at distance spraying center enlarges, and particle rapidity also decays simultaneously.

Characteristic M3 is the characteristic apart from the distance measure moving particle speed of jet expansion 550mm.Compare with said characteristic M2, the particle rapidity of spraying central part decays slightly, and spraying further forms the structure that terminal part is expanded.

Curve map shown in Figure 26 is an accompanying drawing of measuring the particle rapidity distribution of spraying direction.

In this curve map, transverse axis is represented the spraying height, and the left longitudinal axis is represented particle rapidity, and the right longitudinal axis is represented particle diameter.

Characteristic N1 is the characteristic of the variation of measure moving particle speed in the scope of spraying height 60～1250mm, and the spraying height is in about 300mm, and during particle was in and is accelerated, therefore, speed increased to about 310m/s, after this slowly decay.

In addition, in spraying height 500mm, particle diameter is stable before and after 21 μ m, but surpasses spraying height 500mm, and then particle diameter has the trend that becomes big slightly.This infers is that reason is that the particle that flies is fit each other.

In addition, if the water in the water experiment model is changed to coating, also can accelerating jet of the present invention be utilized in the coating process.

As using said each embodiment illustrated, accelerating jet of the present invention can both extensively be suitable in arbitrary fields such as fine powder manufacturing, spray formation, thermal spraying, film forming, three-dimensional modeling, application.

In addition, in described each embodiment, be that example is illustrated, but accelerating jet is not limited to said cylindrical shape with cylindric accelerating jet, for example shown in Figure 27, also can be the square tubular nozzle 100 that connects square parts 100a～100d.Under the situation of the side's of formation tubular nozzle 100, the opening shape of nozzle bore 100e also can be flat rectangle, also can be square in addition.In addition, 100f is a Road narrows portion among the figure.

The industrial aspect utilizability

The present invention can and have in the injection nozzle apparatus of this accelerating jet at accelerating jet and utilizes.

Claims (17)

1. accelerating jet, wherein,

Have internal diameter towards the continuous or interim nozzle bore that enlarges of front end,

Be used to make high velocity gas stream roughly to be the Zhou Fangxiang inwall that jet that tubular sprays is formed at said nozzle bore towards this front end,

This jet is provided with multistage along the cylinder axis direction of said nozzle bore.

2. accelerating jet as claimed in claim 1, wherein,

A plurality of endless members that internal diameter is different connect to tubular,

Said jet is towards the inwall step part of upstream side that links together and downstream endless member opening in the form of a ring.

3. accelerating jet as claimed in claim 2, wherein,

Be provided with gas and supply with the road, this gas is supplied with the road and is connected each endless member except that the said endless member of front end, and supplies with the gas that said high velocity gas stream forms usefulness,

Be formed with the gas passage, this gas passage is supplied with road direction from said gas and is supplied with said gas respectively along the jet of the multistage setting of cylinder axis direction of said nozzle bore.

4. accelerating jet as claimed in claim 3, wherein,

Said gas passage forms through between upstream side that links together and downstream endless member, the gap being set,

The position of the approaching said jet in this gas passage is formed with the high velocity gas stream formation portion that forms said high velocity gas stream through the width that dwindles the gas passage.

5. a hot spray apparatus is used accelerating jet, and it is connected in the main part of hot spray apparatus with each described accelerating jet in the claim 1～4 and constitutes.

6. a fine powder manufacturing installation is used accelerating jet, and it is connected in the main part of fine powder manufacturing installation with each described accelerating jet in the claim 1～4 and constitutes.

7. accelerating jet is used in a cold spraying, and it is connected in the main part of cold spray apparatus with each described accelerating jet in the claim 1～4 and constitutes.

8. injection nozzle apparatus; It makes the current-carrying gas of the entrance side of distributing nozzle form high velocity gas stream through the Road narrows portion in the said nozzle, makes the particles of materialization that is in molten condition in the nozzle by this high velocity gas stream, and the outlet side of micronized material from nozzle sprayed; Wherein

Said nozzle has internal diameter from said Road narrows portion towards said outlet continuously or the interim nozzle bore that enlarges,

On the Zhou Fangxiang inwall in the downstream of said Road narrows portion, have with the central shaft almost parallel of nozzle and towards the downstream jet of injecting protective gas, this jet is provided with multistage along the cylinder axis direction of said nozzle bore,

The protective gas supply unit that possesses the air-flow of the protective gas that around said high velocity gas stream, forms tubular.

9. injection nozzle apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein,

Said nozzle constitutes by link the aggregate that a plurality of endless members form along nozzle center's direction of principal axis.

10. injection nozzle apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein,

The internal diameter of said nozzle enlarges towards said outlet is interim from said Road narrows portion,

On each adjacent inwall step part of the endless member that links together, be formed with slit in the form of a ring as said jet.

11. injection nozzle apparatus as claimed in claim 10, wherein,

On the protective gas supply road of said slit upstream side, be formed with the flow velocity protective gas consistent that makes protective gas and use Road narrows portion with the flow velocity of said high velocity gas stream.

12. injection nozzle apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein,

In the inner peripheral portion of the downstream of said endless member, have be used to make said protective gas the flow direction roughly with the central axes of said nozzle and fitly towards the air-flow deflection portion in downstream.

13. like each described injection nozzle apparatus in the claim 8～12, wherein,

Near the Road narrows portion of said nozzle, be equipped with and a pair ofly supply with the wire guide portion of thermal spraying material with mode wiry,

To applying electric charge from the front end of said wire guide portion outstanding pair of metal silk in nozzle, and as each electrode of anode and negative electrode.

14. like each described injection nozzle apparatus in the claim 9～12, wherein,

The said endless member that on the flow direction of said high velocity gas stream, is disposed at upstream side is made up of pottery,

Supply is passed said pottery as the pair of metal silk guide portion wiry of thermal spraying material,

To applying electric charge from the front end of said wire guide portion outstanding pair of metal silk in nozzle, and as each electrode of anode and negative electrode.

15. like each described injection nozzle apparatus in the claim 9～12, wherein,

The said endless member that on the flow direction of said high velocity gas stream, is disposed at upstream side is made up of pottery,

Be used for the fixed electrode that between this endless member and the wire supplied with through said Road narrows portion from the wire guide portion, carries out the electric arc fusion being equipped with on this endless member.

16. injection nozzle apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein,

Be provided with the melt nozzle of on the central shaft of said nozzle, supplying with liquation through said Road narrows portion.

17. like each described injection nozzle apparatus in the claim 9～12, wherein,

From connecting the melt nozzle that a said endless member is provided with, supply with liquation from the direction of intersecting with respect to the high velocity gas stream in the said nozzle.

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