CN101440308B - Fixed bed-fluidized bed serially connected gasification method and apparatus - Google Patents
Fixed bed-fluidized bed serially connected gasification method and apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN101440308B CN101440308B CN 200810240801 CN200810240801A CN101440308B CN 101440308 B CN101440308 B CN 101440308B CN 200810240801 CN200810240801 CN 200810240801 CN 200810240801 A CN200810240801 A CN 200810240801A CN 101440308 B CN101440308 B CN 101440308B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
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- Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and a device for gasification, in particular to the method and the device for serial gasification of a fixed bed and a fluidized bed, wherein the method comprises the following steps: 1) feeding a gasification raw material with the particle size of between 13 and 50 millimeters and a gasification agent to a fixed bed gasifier to perform gasification reaction so as to generate coal gas and ash content, discharging the ash content from an ash discharging opening of the fixed bed, and introducing the coal gas to the lower part of a dense phase zone of a fluidized bed gasifier; 2) feeding a thin particle shapeed coal gasification raw material with the particle size of between 0.5 and 8 millimeters and the gasification agent into a fluidized bed gasifier to perform gasification reaction with the vertically raising coal gas so as to generate the coal and the ash content, discharging the ash content from the ash discharging opening of the fluidized bed, and introducing the coal gas into a cyclone separator; and 3) performing gas-solid separation on the coal gas in the cyclone separator, outputting the coal gas from a coal gas outlet of the cyclone separator, and sending back solid particles carried by the coal gas to the fluidized bed gasifier through a dipleg of the cyclone separator to perform the gasification reaction continuously. The method and the device have quite important significance on improving the economic benefit and reducing the sewage treatment cost for the medium and small-sized coal chemical enterprises in China.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of gasification process and device, particularly about a kind of fixed bed-fluidized bed serially connected gasification method and device.
Background technology
China's industrial gas and synthetic gas consumption are along with Economic development, and demand increased progressively with day, and coal gasification is widely used in industrial trade and the domestic gases such as metallurgy, chemical industry, building materials, machinery.Coal gasification mainly is divided into fixed bed, fluidized-bed and entrained flow gasification, and atmospheric pressure coal gasifying mainly is to adopt fixed bed and fluidized-bed.
Atmospheric fixed bed gasification technology is take mixture generator, UGI (atmospheric fixed bed gasification), water-gas generators, two sections mixture generators, two sections water-gas generators etc. as main, and its advantage is simple to operate, less investment, and particle size is larger, and equipment cost is lower.But fixed bed must use specific raw material type, and most of fixed-bed gasification furnace in operation uses air as vaporized chemical, and primary product is low-heat value gas, and energy consumption is high, uses lump coal also higher as raw materials cost; Particularly the gas tar content of fixed-bed gasification furnace generation is high, and the materials such as tar, grease, benzene, ammonia need through separation, purifying treatment, and sewage pollution is serious, and is backward in technique.The small fertilizer plant still adopts these technology to produce syngas for synthetic ammonia at present in China's majority.But along with Energy policy with to the raising of environmental requirement, these technology are progressively replaced by new coal gasification.
The characteristic of fluidization is that raw material solid is in the inner suspension motion of gasification bed and gasification, it has higher rate of heat transfer and rate of mass transfer between gas-solid, thereby the mixing of solid in bed is close to the state in the ideal mixing reactor, and process controls easily, is conducive to scale operation.The coal-tar middle oil content of coal gas that fluidized-bed produces is lower, and gaseous constituent, calorific value are also more stable.But its applicable coal generally is not have the non-coking coal of close-burning or little close-burning middle and high volatile matter such as long-flame coal, non-caking coal, brown coal etc.Carbon content is high in the ash of tradition fluidized bed gasification method, causes efficiency of carbon conversion low.
Existing fixed-bed gasification furnace take biomass or coal as raw material, generally higher at the coal-tar middle oil content of gas product, have a strong impact on the use of coal gas.In addition, because the periodicity of biomass growth is also brought the periodicity of biomass material supply, this periodicity affects the continous-stable that gasifying biomass is produced.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, it is low to the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of tar content, and gas efficiency is high, the fixed bed-fluidized bed serially connected gasification method that cost is low and device.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme: a kind of fixed bed-fluidized bed serially connected gasification method, it may further comprise the steps: 1) gas exit with a gas upstriker vapourizing furnace is connected with a fluidisation bed gasification furnace Shuo coal gas inlet pipe, and the gas exit with described fluidized-bed gasification furnace is connected with a cyclonic separator simultaneously; 2) be that the gasified raw material of 13～50mm is from the gas upstriker vapourizing furnace of the normal operation of gas upstriker top of gasification furnace adding with particle diameter, simultaneously vaporized chemical is added gas upstriker vapourizing furnace, gasified raw material and vaporized chemical are gasified in gas upstriker vapourizing furnace carry out gasification reaction, produce coal gas and ash content, ash content is discharged by gas upstriker vapourizing furnace bottom, and coal gas is through bottom that gas exit and the fluidized-bed coal gas inlet pipe of gas upstriker vapourizing furnace sprays into the fluidized-bed gasification furnace emulsion zone; 3) with particle diameter be the fine particulate gasification of coal raw material of 0.5～8mm, add the emulsion zone in the fluidized-bed gasification furnace of normal operation from the fluidized-bed gasification furnace bottom, simultaneously vaporized chemical is added fluidized-bed gasification furnace from the fluidized-bed gasification furnace bottom, make the fine particle gasified raw material, blow lower gasification generating gasification reaction at the coal gas of vertical uplift, the mixed airflow of vaporized chemical, produce coal gas and ash content, ash content is discharged by the fluidized-bed bottom, and coal gas enters cyclonic separator through the outlet of fluidized-bed coal gas; 4) coal gas carries out gas solid separation in cyclonic separator, and coal gas is from the gas exit output of cyclonic separator, and coal gas entrained solid particle returns in the fluidized-bed gasification furnace, proceeds gasification reaction.
Described step 2) vaporized chemical adds gas upstriker vapourizing furnace in from gas upstriker vapourizing furnace bottom, and the up and described gasified raw material of described vaporized chemical reacts, and the coal gas of generation enters fluidized-bed gasification furnace from the top of gas upstriker vapourizing furnace.
The gasified raw material that uses in the described gas upstriker vapourizing furnace is one of mixture of biomass, coal, biomass and coal, the gasified raw material that uses in the described fluidized-bed gasification furnace is coal, and the vaporized chemical that uses in described gas upstriker vapourizing furnace and the fluidized-bed gasification furnace stove is respectively one or more the mixing in air, pure oxygen, oxygen enrichment and the water vapour.
A kind ofly realize the above-mentioned fixed bed-fluidized bed serially connected gasification device of stating method, it is characterized in that: it comprises a gas upstriker vapourizing furnace, a fluidisation bed gasification furnace and a cyclonic separator, described gas upstriker gasifier gas outlet connects described fluidized-bed coal gas inlet pipe, described fluidized-bed coal gas outlet connects the cyclonic separator gas inlet, the top of described cyclonic separator arranges the cyclonic separator gas exit, and described cyclonic separator bottom is communicated with described fluidized-bed gasification furnace by dipleg.
Described gas upstriker top of gasification furnace arranges a material inlet, and top arranges a gas exit, and the bottom is provided with a fire grate, and the bottom is provided with an ash discharging hole, and described fire grate bottom is provided with a vaporized chemical import.
Described fluidized-bed gasification furnace top is provided with a manhole, top is provided with a fluidized-bed gas exit, the bottom emulsion zone is provided with a fluidized-bed material inlet, the bottom is provided with a fluidized-bed ash discharging hole, described fluidised bed material import below is provided with the fluidized-bed coal gas inlet pipe that an end connects the outlet of gas upstriker gasifier gas, the other end connection one of described fluidized-bed coal gas inlet pipe is positioned at the coal gas endless tube at described fluidized-bed gasification furnace center, be evenly equipped with 2～4 gasburner on the described coal gas endless tube, be evenly equipped with 2～4 fluidized-bed gasification agent imports on the cone of described coal gas endless tube below.
The present invention is owing to take above technical scheme, and it has the following advantages: 1, the present invention inputs in the influent stream bed gasification furnace water vapour that wherein contains and CO with the coal gas that produces in the fixed-bed gasification furnace
2Gas participates in the gasification reaction in the fluidized-bed gasification furnace, can substitute the part water vapour in the fluidized-bed gasification furnace, has utilized simultaneously CO
2In carbon, can partly reduce water vapour and coal consumption amount, improve the content of available gas in the coal gas.2,, fixed-bed gasification furnace produces among the present invention coal gas, enter fluidized-bed gasification furnace after, make in the coal gas about 90% tar generation cracking, generate H
2And CO, so not only reduce the tar content in the coal gas, and improved the active principle in the coal gas, also reduced CO simultaneously
2Quantity discharged, reduced cost of sewage disposal.3, the present invention is the coal gas that produces in the fixed-bed gasification furnace, in the time of in the input influent stream bed gasification furnace, and the H in the coal gas
2In fluidized-bed gasification furnace, can play the effect of hydrogasification, reach the effect that improves caloric power of gas and available gas content.4, the present invention can adopt coal, biomass material and domestic refuse etc. as gasified raw material, when particularly using coal, raw coal just can satisfy the present invention to the requirement of gasified raw material granularity through simple screening, has reduced broken cost, energy consumption and investment, has very wide in range suitability.The present invention has that gas-made technology simplification, flow process weak point, facility compact, floor space are little, blowdown flow rate reduces, low cost and other advantages, and to the economic benefit that improves the middle-size and small-size coal chemical industry enterprises of China and reduce cost of sewage disposal, tool is of great significance.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention
Fig. 2 is another kind of embodiment synoptic diagram of the present invention
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention includes a fixed-bed gasification furnace 1, a fluidized-bed gasification furnace 2 and a cyclonic separator 3.
Fixed-bed gasification furnace 1 in the present embodiment is gas upstriker vapourizing furnace, fixed-bed gasification furnace 1 top is provided with a fixed bed material inlet 11, fixed-bed gasification furnace 1 top is provided with bed gas outlet 12, fixed-bed gasification furnace 1 bottom is provided with the rotary fire grate 13 of a routine, and fixed-bed gasification furnace 1 bottom is provided with a fixed bed ash discharging hole 14.The below of fixed bed ash discharging hole 14 tops, rotary fire grate 13 is provided with a fixed bed gasification agent import 15, and rotary fire grate 13 can play the effect of uniform vaporized chemical.
Fluidized-bed gasification furnace 2 tops are provided with a manhole 21 for maintenance, fluidized-bed gasification furnace 2 tops are provided with a fluidized-bed gas exit 22, fluidized-bed gasification furnace 2 bottom emulsion zones are provided with a fluidized-bed material inlet 23, be provided with a fluidized-bed coal gas inlet pipe 24 on the fluidized-bed gasification furnace 2 of fluidised bed material import 23 belows, fluidized-bed coal gas inlet pipe 24 is communicated with bed gas outlet 12.The end that fluidized-bed coal gas inlet pipe 24 is positioned at fluidized-bed gasification furnace 2 is communicated with a coal gas endless tube 25, is evenly equipped with 2～4 on the coal gas endless tube 25 and is tangential gasburner 26.Be evenly equipped with 2～4 fluidized-bed gasification agent imports 27 on the cone of the fluidized-bed gasification furnace 2 of coal gas endless tube 25 belows, be provided with a fluidized-bed ash discharging hole 28 in fluidized-bed gasification furnace 2 bottoms.The inner chamber top of fluidized-bed gasification furnace 2 has a transition-cone 29, makes the upper chamber enlarged diameter, to reduce gas velocity in the fluidized-bed, reduces the grain amount that outlet coal gas is carried secretly.
In above-described embodiment, be respectively arranged with fire-resistant, lagging material between the outer wall of fixed-bed gasification furnace 1 and fluidized-bed gasification furnace 2 and the inner chamber.The gasified raw material that uses in the fixed-bed gasification furnace 1 can be the carbonaceous materials such as mixture of biomass, coal, biomass and coal, and biomass can be that starting material or the multiple starting material of the bulks such as timber, crop straw, withered tree branches and leaves mix latter made particle; The gasified raw material that uses in the fluidized-bed gasification furnace 2 is coal; The vaporized chemical that fixed-bed gasification furnace 1 and fluidized-bed gasification furnace 2 uses is respectively one or more the mixing in air, pure oxygen, oxygen enrichment and the water vapour.
Embodiment 2:
As shown in Figure 2, fixed-bed gasification furnace 1 in the present embodiment is gas downstriker vapourizing furnace, present embodiment is substantially the same manner as Example 1, its difference is: fixed bed gasification agent import 15 ' is arranged on the middle part of fixed-bed gasification furnace 1, rather than the bottom, the quantity of fixed bed gasification agent import 15 ' is uniform 2～4; Bed gas outlet 12 ' is arranged on the bottom of fixed-bed gasification furnace 1, is positioned on the rotary fire grate 13.
Embodiment 3:
As shown in Figure 1, take the apparatus structure of embodiment 1 as example, fixed bed-fluidized bed serially connected gasification method of the present invention is described, it may further comprise the steps:
1) be that the gasifying biomass raw material of 13～50mm is from the fixed-bed gasification furnace 1 of the fixed bed material inlet 11 normal operation of adding downwards at fixed-bed gasification furnace 1 top with particle diameter, the mixed gas of overheated steam and air is upwards sent into by the fixed bed gasification agent import 15 of fixed-bed gasification furnace 1 bottom, and through the rotary fire grate 13 uniform fixed-bed gasification furnaces 1 that enter, make block gasified raw material and vaporized chemical carry out the pyrolytic gasification reaction in fixed-bed gasification furnace 1 interior counter current contact, coal gas and the ash content of tar is rich in generation, ash content is discharged by fixed bed ash discharging hole 14, coal gas is through bed gas outlet 12, a plurality of gasburner 26 tangential lower bottoms that spray into fluidized-bed gasification furnace 2 emulsion zones on fluidized-bed coal gas inlet pipe 24 and the coal gas endless tube 25 are at the fluidized-bed gasification furnace 2 interior gasification reactions that further carry out.
2) with particle diameter be the fine particulate gasification of coal raw material of 0.5～8mm, emulsion zone within fluidised bed material import 23 adds the normal fluidized-bed gasification furnace 2 that moves, mixed gas with overheated steam and air, evenly sent in the fluidized-bed gasification furnace 2 by a plurality of fluidized-bed gasification agent imports 27 uniform on fluidized-bed gasification furnace 2 cones, make the fine particle gasified raw material in the fluidized-bed gasification furnace 2, coal gas in vertical uplift, the mixed airflow of water vapour and air blows down, be the gasification of suspended dispersed fluidized state, the generating gasification reaction produces coal gas and ash content, and by fluidized-bed gasification furnace 2 interior uniform hot environments, to enter the tar that is rich in the coal gas from fixed-bed gasification furnace 1 and in fluidized-bed gasification furnace 2, be gasified, thereby in fluidized-bed gasification furnace 2, obtain substantially not containing the coal gas of tar;
3) by the coal gas that obtains in the fluidized-bed gasification furnace 2 from fluidized-bed coal gas outlet 22 after cyclonic separator gas inlet 32 enters cyclonic separator 3 and carries out gas solid separation, coal gas is by gas exit 31 outputs of cyclonic separator 3, coal gas entrained solid particle is returned in the fluidized-bed gasification furnace 2 by the dipleg 33 of cyclonic separator 3, proceed gasification reaction, thereby reach the purpose of Purge gas, raising carbon utilisation rate.The lime-ash of fluidized-bed gasification furnace 2 interior generations is discharged by fluidized-bed ash discharging hole 28.
Embodiment 4:
As shown in Figure 2, present embodiment is compared with embodiment 3, its difference is: fixed-bed gasification furnace 1 is gas downstriker vapourizing furnace, gasified raw material enters from the fixed bed material inlet 11 at fixed-bed gasification furnace 1 top, the fixed bed gasification agent import 15 ' that vaporized chemical arranges from fixed-bed gasification furnace 1 middle part enters, the coal gas that fixed-bed gasification furnace 1 produces, the bed gas that arranges from fixed-bed gasification furnace 1 bottom outlet 12 ' enters fluidized-bed gasification furnace 2; Present embodiment is identical with embodiment 3 with the operating process in the cyclonic separator 3 at fluidized-bed gasification furnace 2.
In the operating process of the various embodiments described above, block vaporising fuel in fixed-bed gasification furnace 1 and the fluidized-bed gasification furnace 2 and concrete particle diameter, gasification temperature, vapor pressure and other operating parameters etc. of fine particulate vaporising fuel, can set with reference to the fixed-bed gasification furnace of conventional independent operating and the operating parameters of fluidized-bed gasification furnace, the exclusive feature of this non-the present invention does not repeat them here.
In the various embodiments described above; the setting of the concrete structure of apparatus of the present invention and mode of connection can change; such as; fixed-bed gasification furnace 1 in apparatus of the present invention and fluidized-bed gasification furnace 2 can adopt various structures in the prior art; because the principal feature of technical solution of the present invention is the coal gas that fixed bed produces directly to be sent into proceed gasification reaction in the fluidized-bed gasification furnace and produce coal gas, so said structure is connected variation and should not be got rid of outside protection scope of the present invention with connection.
Claims (6)
1. fixed bed-fluidized bed serially connected gasification method, it may further comprise the steps:
1) gas exit with a gas upstriker vapourizing furnace is connected with the coal gas inlet pipe of a fluidisation bed gasification furnace, and the gas exit with described fluidized-bed gasification furnace is connected with a cyclonic separator simultaneously;
2) be that the gasified raw material of 13～50mm is from the gas upstriker vapourizing furnace of the normal operation of gas upstriker top of gasification furnace adding with particle diameter, simultaneously vaporized chemical is added gas upstriker vapourizing furnace, gasified raw material and vaporized chemical are gasified in gas upstriker vapourizing furnace carry out gasification reaction, produce coal gas and ash content, ash content is discharged by gas upstriker vapourizing furnace bottom, and coal gas is through bottom that gas exit and the fluidized-bed coal gas inlet pipe of gas upstriker vapourizing furnace sprays into the fluidized-bed gasification furnace emulsion zone;
3) with particle diameter be the fine particulate gasification of coal raw material of 0.5～8mm, add the emulsion zone in the fluidized-bed gasification furnace of normal operation from the fluidized-bed gasification furnace bottom, simultaneously vaporized chemical is added fluidized-bed gasification furnace from the fluidized-bed gasification furnace bottom, make the fine particle gasified raw material, blow lower gasification generating gasification reaction at the coal gas of vertical uplift, the mixed airflow of vaporized chemical, produce coal gas and ash content, ash content is discharged by the fluidized-bed bottom, and coal gas enters cyclonic separator through the outlet of fluidized-bed coal gas;
4) coal gas carries out gas solid separation in cyclonic separator, and coal gas is from the gas exit output of cyclonic separator, and coal gas entrained solid particle returns in the fluidized-bed gasification furnace, proceeds gasification reaction.
2. a kind of fixed bed-fluidized bed serially connected gasification method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: vaporized chemical adds gas upstriker vapourizing furnace described step 2) from gas upstriker vapourizing furnace bottom, up and the described gasified raw material of described vaporized chemical reacts, and the coal gas of generation enters fluidized-bed gasification furnace from the top of gas upstriker vapourizing furnace.
3. a kind of fixed bed-fluidized bed serially connected gasification method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the gasified raw material that uses in the described gas upstriker vapourizing furnace is one of mixture of biomass, coal, biomass and coal, the gasified raw material that uses in the described fluidized-bed gasification furnace is coal, and the vaporized chemical that uses in described gas upstriker vapourizing furnace and the fluidized-bed gasification furnace stove is respectively one or more the mixing in air, pure oxygen, oxygen enrichment and the water vapour.
4. a realization is such as the fixed bed-fluidized bed serially connected gasification device of claim 1～3 method as described in each, it is characterized in that: it comprises a gas upstriker vapourizing furnace, a fluidisation bed gasification furnace and a cyclonic separator, described gas upstriker gasifier gas outlet connects described fluidized-bed coal gas inlet pipe, described fluidized-bed coal gas outlet connects the cyclonic separator gas inlet, the top of described cyclonic separator arranges the cyclonic separator gas exit, and described cyclonic separator bottom is communicated with described fluidized-bed gasification furnace by dipleg.
5. a kind of fixed bed-fluidized bed serially connected gasification device as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: described gas upstriker top of gasification furnace arranges a material inlet, top arranges a gas exit, the bottom is provided with a fire grate, the bottom is provided with an ash discharging hole, and described fire grate bottom is provided with a vaporized chemical import.
6. such as claim 4 or 5 described a kind of fixed bed-fluidized bed serially connected gasification devices, it is characterized in that: described fluidized-bed gasification furnace top is provided with a manhole, top is provided with a fluidized-bed gas exit, the bottom emulsion zone is provided with a fluidized-bed material inlet, the bottom is provided with a fluidized-bed ash discharging hole, described fluidised bed material import below is provided with the fluidized-bed coal gas inlet pipe that an end connects the outlet of gas upstriker gasifier gas, the other end connection one of described fluidized-bed coal gas inlet pipe is positioned at the coal gas endless tube at described fluidized-bed gasification furnace center, be evenly equipped with 2～4 gasburner on the described coal gas endless tube, be evenly equipped with 2～4 fluidized-bed gasification agent imports on the cone of described coal gas endless tube below.
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| CN103666572A (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2014-03-26 | 安徽科达洁能股份有限公司 | Gazogene |
| CN106635179B (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2019-03-08 | 江苏华威机械制造有限公司 | A kind of technique and its device of recirculating fluidized bed and pyrolysis bed combined gasification |
| CN107892952B (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2019-09-06 | 煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of two-part slag gasification furnace |
| CN107674712B (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2019-09-06 | 煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of fixed bed slag gasification furnace |
| CN109054901B (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2020-09-08 | 万华化学集团股份有限公司 | Descending bed-fluidized bed series type gasification method and device |
| CN110577050A (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2019-12-17 | 高申杰 | Wear-resistant conveying pipe and rotary distributor using same |
| CN112375594B (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-07-06 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | Coal hydro-gasification reaction furnace and coal hydro-gasification reaction method |
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