CN101383438B - Internal information testing method of secondary battery and apparatus - Google Patents
Internal information testing method of secondary battery and apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN101383438B CN101383438B CN2008102109179A CN200810210917A CN101383438B CN 101383438 B CN101383438 B CN 101383438B CN 2008102109179 A CN2008102109179 A CN 2008102109179A CN 200810210917 A CN200810210917 A CN 200810210917A CN 101383438 B CN101383438 B CN 101383438B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The present invention aims to detect the situation of positive electrode in a secondary battery and the situation of a negative electrode therein without disassembling the battery by a simple method. The present invention provides a method for detecting internal information of a secondary battery, comprising a first step for acquiring charge and/or discharge curves inherent in a positive electrode material and a negative electrode material, as reference data, and acquiring charge and/or discharge curves of a detected battery as actually-measured values, a second step for determining charge and/or discharge curves of a positive electrode and a negative electrode therein, using the charge and/or discharge curves inherent in the positive electrode material and inherent in the negative electrode material,; the charge and/or discharge curves of the detected battery as the actually-measured values, and predetermined correction parameters, and a third step for outputting at least one of the charge and/or discharge curves of the positive electrode and the negative electrode and the correction parameter used for calculation, which have been determined at the second step.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the detection method of internal information of secondary cell and the device that possesses this function.
Background technology
Known secondary cell (for example lithium secondary battery) causes capacity to reduce if preserve or carry out charge and discharge cycles under hot environment or under the dark state of depth of charge deterioration can take place.Even charge fully and also can't return to original battery capacity to battery that capacity reduces has taken place.The reducing of this capacity is considered to owing in positive pole and the negative pole the irreversible chemical reaction at the interface of the minimizing, electrode material and the electrolyte that discharge and recharge contributive electrode material etc. is caused.In the past, after having made battery, just be difficult to again the non-deterioration factor of judging these inside batteries respectively with destroying.Therefore, the condition judgement method of battery in the past is that cell integrated degradation is judged.
In addition, secondary cell be within the specific limits cell voltage or charged state under use.But along with the deterioration of secondary cell, anodal current potential and the negative pole current potential corresponding with certain cell voltage or charged state can change.Therefore, with deterioration before continue to use under the situation of secondary cell in identical battery voltage range or the range of charge states, anodal current potential or negative pole current potential enter not desired region, battery life and fail safe might reduce.In internal information testing method in the past, can't obtain anodal current potential and negative pole current potential accurately respectively, so be difficult to avoid this situation.
As the deterioration judging method of the representational secondary cell that proposes so far, can enumerate and use cell voltage to carry out the methods such as deterioration judging of battery for the changes delta V of stipulated time.
Patent documentation 1: TOHKEMY 2002-340997 communique
Patent documentation 2: TOHKEMY 2001-292534 communique
The deterioration judging method of above-mentioned secondary cell is the method that cell integrated deterioration rate is quantized.But even obtain cell integrated deterioration rate, which type of situation internal positive and negative pole, the irreversible chemical reaction of the battery that also can't judge in deterioration are in respectively, the problem that exists range of application to be restricted.On the other hand, for which type of situation internal positive and negative pole, the irreversible chemical reaction of judging battery is in respectively, battery need be disintegrated the problem that exists battery to continue to use.
Summary of the invention
The present invention finishes in order to solve the above problems, and its purpose is to provide a kind of technology of using non-destruction and easy method to come the situation to the situation of the internal positive of secondary cell and negative pole to detect.
The present inventor has found following situation: carrying out with small electric current under the situation about discharging and recharging of secondary cell, by the calculating that superposes of the anodal independent charging and discharging curve that will independently determine respectively and the independent charging and discharging curve of negative pole, can reproduce the charging and discharging curve of resulting secondary cell well; And as the parameter of using in calculating at this, as long as determined to discharging and recharging contributive positive electrode active material quality m
p, to discharging and recharging contributive negative electrode active material quality m
n, just enough about the index C of the position relation of the charging and discharging curve of positive pole and negative pole.In addition, in this manual, will " to discharging and recharging contributive active matter quality " be designated as " effective active matter amount ".
The internal information testing method of the secondary cell of first form of the present invention comprises following step:
The 1st step obtains intrinsic charge/discharge curve and the intrinsic charge/discharge curve of negative material of positive electrode, and obtains the cell integrated charge/discharge curve based on the actual measurement of above-mentioned secondary cell;
The 2nd step, use is used to revise the 1st corrected parameter to the contributive active matter quality of charge/discharge, charge/discharge curve and the intrinsic charge/discharge curve of above-mentioned negative material that above-mentioned positive electrode is intrinsic are revised, obtained the anodal whole charge/discharge curve and the charge/discharge curve of negative pole integral body; Use is used to revise the 2nd corrected parameter of the position relation of charge/discharge curve, position relation to the charge/discharge curve of above-mentioned anodal whole charge/discharge curve and negative pole integral body is revised, and then superpose, thereby obtain cell integrated charge/discharge curve (being called " based on the cell integrated charge/discharge curve of calculating "), obtain based on the cell integrated charge/discharge curve of aforementioned calculation with based on the correlation of the cell integrated charge/discharge curve of above-mentioned actual measurement;
The 3rd step is determined above-mentioned the 1st corrected parameter and above-mentioned the 2nd corrected parameter when above-mentioned correlation uprises in above-mentioned the 2nd step; And
The 4th step, the above-mentioned anodal whole charge/discharge curve of position relation and the charge/discharge curve of above-mentioned negative pole integral body are inferred into the anodal whole charge/discharge curve of above-mentioned secondary cell and the charge/discharge curve of negative pole integral body with used the 2nd corrected parameter correction determined in above-mentioned the 3rd step.
In addition, the internal information testing method of the secondary cell of second form of the present invention comprises following step:
The 1st step obtains as the positive electrode of basic data intrinsic charge/discharge curve and the intrinsic charge/discharge curve of negative material, and obtains the charge/discharge curve as the detected battery of measured value;
The 2nd step, use the intrinsic charge/discharge curve of the intrinsic charge/discharge curve of above-mentioned positive electrode, above-mentioned negative material and as the charge/discharge curve of the detected battery of above-mentioned measured value and the corrected parameter of regulation, obtain the charge/discharge curve of positive pole of detected inside battery and the charge/discharge curve of negative pole; And
The 3rd step, at least one in the charge/discharge curve of output charge/discharge curve that obtain, above-mentioned positive pole, above-mentioned negative pole in above-mentioned the 2nd step and the above-mentioned corrected parameter that in calculating, uses.
In addition, in the present invention, also comprise the device of the method that realizes these.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the summary construction diagram of internal information checkout gear.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart that reproduces computing.
Fig. 3 is the figure that the structure of parameter list is shown.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of anodal, negative pole and cell integrated discharge curve.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of anodal, negative pole and cell integrated discharge curve.
(label declaration)
1: the internal information checkout gear; 10: arithmetic unit; 11: memory; 12: input unit; 13: output device; 14: interface
Embodiment
Next, use accompanying drawing that embodiments of the invention are described.In addition, the invention is not restricted to the embodiment of following narration.In addition, below, subscript p represents positive pole, subscript n is represented negative pole.
Fig. 1 illustrates the summary construction diagram of the device (being called " internal information checkout gear ") 1 of the internal information that is used to detect lithium secondary battery.Internal information checkout gear 1 utilizes computer system to realize, this computer system possess output devices 13 such as input units such as memories such as arithmetic unit 10, RAM or ROM 11, keyboard and mouse 12, display such as CPU, with the interface 14 of external equipment.Internal information checkout gear 1 is connected with the device (not shown) that obtains internal informations such as change in voltage from the battery (being called " detected battery ") of detected object.
In addition, in following, to the flash-over characteristic that is conceived to battery and the situation that detects internal information describe; But clearly, can also detect the internal information relevant with charge characteristic.Under the situation that detects the internal information relevant, " discharge " in the following explanation replaced to " charging " get final product with charge characteristic.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of processing (reproduction computing) of obtaining the state (discharge curve) of positive pole and negative pole as internal information.
At first, arithmetic unit 10 reads in intrinsic discharge curve of positive active material and the intrinsic discharge curve (S101) of negative electrode active material from memory 11.These discharge curves are stored in the memory 11 in advance.
Particularly, in memory 11,, store as discharge curve:
(a) by the discharge capacity q corresponding with the positive pole/negative pole effective active matter of per unit mass
p, q
nWith current potential v
p, v
nConcern v
p(q
p), v
n(q
n) expression discharge curve,
(b) by the discharge capacity q corresponding with the positive pole/negative pole effective active matter of per unit mass
p, q
nRate of change dv with current potential
p/ dq
p, dv
n/ dq
nConcern dv
p(q
p)/dq
p, dv
n(q
n)/dq
nThe discharge curve of expression
Deng.
The discharge curve of above-mentioned (a) and (b) can also be that benchmark is represented with the lithium ratio of components in the active material.In this case, discharge curve uses following (c), (d) to represent respectively:
(c) lithium ratio of components y in the active material and current potential v's concerns v (y)
(d) the rate of change dv/dy's of lithium ratio of components y in the active material and current potential concerns dv (y)/dy.
In addition, as the discharge curve of above-mentioned (b), (d), use the advantage of differential value as follows.First reason is, positive pole/negative pole current potential does not separately rely on the effective active matter amount, and be inversely proportional to differential and the effective active matter amount that the discharge capacity of separately current potential carries out, so the deviation of calculated value when having set incorrect effective active matter amount and measured value is extended.In addition, second reason is, is R if establish the internal resistance of lithium secondary battery, and the discharging current during actual measurement is I, then at the measured value V of voltage
sIn include because voltage landing (voltage rising) Δ V=R * I that internal resistance causes, but can reduce the influence of Δ V by the differential curve of working voltage.
Next, arithmetic unit 10 reads in the discharge curve (being called " based on the cell integrated discharge curve of actual measurement ") of surveying from detected battery (S102).In addition,, read in the discharge curve corresponding herein with the kind of the discharge curve that in S101, reads in.
That is, reading in the v that uses above-mentioned (a)
p(q
p), v
n(q
n) under the situation of discharge curve of expression, arithmetic unit 10 reads in discharge capacity Q
sWith cell voltage V
sConcern V
s(Q
s) expression discharge curve.
On the other hand, reading in the dv that uses above-mentioned (b)
p(q
p)/dq
p, dv
n(q
n)/dq
nUnder the situation of the charging curve of expression, arithmetic unit 10 reads in discharge capacity Q
sRate of change dV with cell voltage
s/ dQ
sConcern dV
s(Q
s)/dQ
sThe discharge curve of expression.
In addition, the order of S101 and S102 also can be opposite.In addition, arithmetic unit 10 also can read in these discharge curves as the tables of data based on determination data, perhaps also can be used as numerical expression and reads in.In addition, under the situation that discharge curve is read in as tables of data, also can revise so that calculating afterwards.For example, in tables of data, be f (x) generally if establish the value corresponding with certain x, then the good value x of f (x) and segmentation is determined accordingly.In this case, the value with the f (x) that x is corresponding arbitrarily is to carry out interpolation according to other values of the tables of data of being read in to obtain.Under the situation of reading in as function, discharge curve for example is that the variation delta V by discharge capacity Q and the voltage corresponding with the variation delta Q of discharge capacity Q is that the relation of the differential value dV/dQ of voltage is represented.Under the situation of reading in, represent with the relation of difference value Δ V/ Δ Q as tables of data.
Next, arithmetic unit 10 set be used for revising the discharge curve that obtains at S101 parameter (being called " corrected parameter ") (S103).
Herein, corrected parameter has anodal effective active matter amount m
p, negative pole effective active matter amount m
n, anodal discharge curve the index C of position relation
p, negative pole the index C of position relation of discharge curve
nThese four.
Fig. 3 illustrates the parameter list 100 of the combination of the value that can get of these parameters of storage.Parameter list 100 is stored in the memory 11 in advance.In 1 record 101, store 4 parameter (m
p, m
n, C
p, C
n) combination (being called " parameter group ").In each parameter group, have upper and lower bound, in this scope with the predetermined distance value of being set with.In parameter list 100, store all parameter group that to get.That is, at 4 parameter (m
p, m
n, C
p, C
n) can get respectively under the situation of N1, N2, N3, a N4 value, in parameter list 100, there is the record 101 of the parameter group of N1*N2*N3*N4 group.
Arithmetic unit 10 begins to select successively 1 unselected record 101 from the beginning of parameter list 100, extract the parameter group that is stored in this record 101, the parameter value that comprises in the parameter group that is extracted is set for the parameter value that in the S104 that next handles, uses.
Then, discharge curve that discharge curve that the positive active material that arithmetic unit 10 uses are read in S101 is intrinsic and negative electrode active material are intrinsic and the parameter value of setting in S103 are obtained the anodal whole discharge curve of inside battery and the discharge curve (S104) of negative pole integral body.Below, the example of the computational methods of narration discharge curve herein.
Be made as Q respectively if establish the discharge capacity of the discharge curve of positive pole/negative pole integral body
pAnd Q
n, Q then
p=q
p* m
p, Q
n=q
n* m
nTherefore, arithmetic unit 10
(1) as shown in Figure 4, in S101, read in v (q), in S102, read in V as the intrinsic discharge curve of active material
s(Q
s) situation under, use V
p(Q
p)=v
p(Q
p/ m
p) obtain anodal whole discharge capacity Q
pWith current potential V
pRelation, be the anodal whole discharge curve of inside battery.Similarly, use V
n(Q
n)=v
n(Q
n/ m
n) obtain the discharge capacity Q of negative pole integral body
nWith current potential V
nRelation, be the discharge curve of the negative pole integral body of inside battery.
(2) for example, as shown in Figure 5, in S101, read in dv (q)/dq, in S102, read in dV as the intrinsic discharge curve of active material
s(Q
s)/dQ
sSituation under (promptly using under the situation of differential value), use dV
p(Q
p)/dQ
p=(1/m
p) * dv
p(Q
p/ m
p)/dp
qObtain anodal whole discharge capacity Q
pWith potential change rate dV
p/ dQ
pRelation, i.e. anodal whole discharge curve.Similarly, use dV
n(Q
n)/dQ
n=(1/m
n) * dv
n(Q
n/ m
n)/dp
nObtain the discharge capacity Q of negative pole integral body
nWith potential change rate dV
n/ dQ
nRelation, be the discharge curve of negative pole integral body.
Next, arithmetic unit 10 uses anodal whole discharge curve and the discharge curve of negative pole integral body and the parameter value C that sets in the inside battery that obtains in S103 in S104
p, C
n, the calculated value (being called " based on the cell integrated discharge curve that calculates ") of obtaining cell integrated discharge curve (S105).Summary, is revised the position relation and the stack (summation of discharge curve herein; The foot close わ せ Ru) processing.Below narrate an example of computational methods.In addition, in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the figure that is used to illustrate computational methods is shown.
At first, arithmetic unit 10 uses the C that sets in S103
p, C
n, for Q
pAnd Q
nBe specified to Q
c=Q
p+ C
p=Q
n+ C
nQ herein
cBe meant the discharge capacity in " based on the cell integrated discharge curve that calculates ".Next, use V '
p(Q
c)=V
p(Q
p) determine Q
cAnodal current potential V ' with inside battery
pRelation, i.e. anodal whole discharge curve.Similarly, use V '
n(Q
c)=V
n(Q
n) decide Q
cWith the negative pole current potential V ' in the inside battery
nRelation, be the discharge curve of negative pole integral body.At last, use V
c(Q
c)=V '
p(Q
c)-V '
n(Q
c) decide Q
cCalculated value V with cell voltage
cRelation, i.e. " based on the cell integrated discharge curve that calculates ".
In addition, under the situation of using differential value, use { dV
p(Q
c)/dQ
c'=dV
p(Q
p)/dQ
pDetermine and Q
cThe anodal whole discharge curve of corresponding inside battery uses { dV
n(Q
c)/dQ
c'=dV
n(Q
n)/dQ
nDetermine and Q
cThe discharge curve of the negative pole integral body of corresponding inside battery uses dV
c(Q
c)/dQ
c={ dV
p(Q
c)/dQ
c'-{ dV
n(Q
c)/dQ
c' next definite " based on the cell integrated discharge curve that calculates ".
Next, " based on cell integrated discharge curve of actual measurement " that 10 pairs of arithmetic units obtain in S102 and " based on the cell integrated discharge curve that calculates " obtained in S105 compare, and estimate reproduction degree (in other words being " correlation ") (S106).An example as evaluation method has least square method.Particularly, will represent that the parameter r of reproduction degree is with respect to certain Q
sSet r=(V for
s-V
c) ^2 or r=(dV
s/ dQ
s-dV
c/ dQ
c) ^2, will with the Q in the prescribed limit
sCorresponding r's and be made as R, the more little then degree of reproduction of R is good more.
In addition, in the present embodiment, S103～S106 is illustrated successively.But the purpose of these processing is to estimate the reproduction degree of " based on the cell integrated discharge curve of calculated value " corresponding with " based on the cell integrated discharge curve of actual measurement ", can suitably change the order of processing in this purpose scope.For example, S104 and S105 can be carried out simultaneously, perhaps S105 and S106 can be carried out simultaneously.
Next, whether well arithmetic unit 10 judges reproduction degree (S107).As an example of decision method, have and judge that above-mentioned value R is whether less than the method for the numerical value of regulation etc.Under situation, think that the reproduction degree is good less than setting.Perhaps, also can decision content R whether less than the some value R that before this time point, obtain, less than situation under, think that the reproduction degree is good.
Then, only under being judged to be good situation ("Yes" among the S107), the discharge curve of the parameter value that arithmetic unit 10 will be set in S103, positive pole/negative pole integral body of obtaining in S104 (also can be to utilize C
p, C
nRevised the discharge curve of the positive pole/negative pole integral body after the relation of position), the value R of " based on the cell integrated discharge curve that calculates " obtained in S105 and the expression reproduction degree obtained in S106 registers to the zone (S108) of the regulation of memory 11.
Afterwards, arithmetic unit 10 judges whether satisfied the termination condition (S109) that reproduces calculating.As an example of termination condition, can enumerate that all parameter group in the parameter list 100 (record 101) are through with situation about calculating at being stored in, the situation of the good reproduction degree (i.e. value R below Gui Ding the value) that obtained regulation etc.Then, under the situation that does not satisfy termination condition ("No" in S109), arithmetic unit 10 returns S103, extracts undrawn parameter group from parameter list 100, continues to handle.
On the other hand, satisfying ("Yes" in S109) under the situation of termination condition, arithmetic unit 10 is exported the data (S110) that are registered among the S108 via output device 13.
At this moment, arithmetic unit 10 also can all be exported data registered, also can select to export one or more representational data.
Particularly, the arithmetic unit 10 anodal whole discharge curve that will be registered and the discharge curve of negative pole integral body (utilize C
p, C
nThe discharge curve of the positive pole/negative pole integral body after the position relation of having revised) as the anodal whole discharge curve of detected battery and the discharge curve of negative pole integral body, is depicted on the display.In addition, " based on the cell integrated discharge curve that calculates " that has been registered as the cell integrated discharge curve of detected battery, is depicted on the display.At this moment, also can also demonstrate " based on the cell integrated discharge curve of actual measurement " in order to compare.In addition, discharge curve is not limited to graphical display, also can use table to show.The value R that also can show in addition, the expression reproduction degree that has been registered.Arithmetic unit 10 can receive about being presented at which the requirement in the data of registering the S108 from the user via input unit 12.
More than, the flow chart of Fig. 2 is illustrated.
In addition, arithmetic unit 10 can also show and the relevant result of a plurality of detected batteries simultaneously.For example, can carry out the processing of the flow process of Fig. 2 respectively, show that simultaneously the data of registering respectively compare in S108 at a plurality of detected batteries.
In addition, can also carry out the processing of the flow process of Fig. 2, obtain the information relevant of inside battery with irreversible reaction according to a plurality of measurement results of same detected battery.For example, at same detected battery do not discharge and preserve certain during, and the cell voltage before and after the recorded and stored, and, the measured value of the discharge curve after before arithmetic unit 10 obtains (A) and keeps and (B) preserving.Under each situation, carry out the processing of the flow process of Fig. 2, in S108, register above-mentioned data at each situation.
Arithmetic unit 10 can use the corrected parameter (m in the data of such registration
p, m
n, C
p, C
n), the amount of the lithium ion that is consumed owing to irreversible chemical reaction at inside battery in obtaining during preservation.
An example of calculation procedure below is shown.At first, according to Q
p=m
p* q
p, Q
n=m
n* q
n, Q
p=Q
n+ C
n-C
p, (C is arranged
n-C
p)=m
p* q
p-m
n* q
n, therefore, can be approximated to
Δ (C
n-C
p)=(q
pΔ m
pq
nΔ m
n)+(m
pΔ q
pm
nΔ q
n) formula (1) is approximate according to formula (1), under the little situation of the variation of the cell voltage before and after preserving, by utilizing
Because the lithium ion consumption that irreversible chemical reaction causes
=Δ (C
n-C
p)-(q
pΔ m
pq
nΔ m
n) formula (2)
Obtain.According to the data of in S108, registering, the C before and after can obtaining to preserve
n, C
p, m
p, m
nIn addition, calculate, obtain to put and preserve the corresponding q of cell voltage of concluding time point with the preservation time started by reproducing
pAnd q
n, the q in can obtaining between storage life
pAnd q
nMean value.If with the above-mentioned formula of these substitutions (2), then obtain the consumption of the lithium ion that causes because of the irreversible chemical reaction between storage life.In addition, according to being similar to of formula (1), under the little situation of the variation of the effective active matter amount of preserving front and back, can utilize
The lithium ion consumption that causes because of irreversible chemical reaction
=(m
pΔ q
pm
nΔ q
n) formula (3)
Obtain.According to the data of in S108, registering, the C before and after can obtaining to preserve
n, C
p, m
p, m
nAnd with preserve the time started point and preserve the corresponding q of cell voltage of concluding time point
pAnd q
nIf the m between the acquisition storage life
pAnd m
nMean value, and with they substitution formulas (3), then obtain the consumption of the lithium ion that causes owing to the irreversible chemical reaction between storage life.In addition, the data of actual output also can be of the value obtained like this, also can be a plurality of.
And then the operations such as change of various condition judgements and battery service condition are carried out in positive pole and the discharge curve of negative pole and the combination of corrected parameter in that arithmetic unit 10 can obtain according to the result as the flow process of Fig. 2, the detected battery.For example, can reset the operations such as the upper limit of cell voltage accurately to battery control device, so that the current potential of positive active material can not become more than the certain value.Below, enumerate several operational example.
(operational example 1)
For example, becoming (1) anodal effective active matter amount m
p7 one-tenth following, (2) negative pole effective active matter amount m for initial value
nFor 7 one-tenth of initial value following, (3) from positioning index (C
n-C
p) the situation of any one in following of 2 one-tenths of the discharge capacity of absolute value when measuring of variable quantity of initial value under, arithmetic unit 10 is built the signal of the detected battery of justice replacing via output device 13 outputs.In addition, the ratio of the positive pole in the time of can be according to the material of the active material that constitutes battery, battery design and the active material of negative pole, require performance etc., the threshold value of in judgement, using at each default.
(operational example 2)
Utilize the current potential of negative or positive electrode in the scope to be under the situation outside the prescribed limit at battery by the upper voltage limit of detected battery and lower voltage limit regulation, arithmetic unit 10 can reset the upper voltage limit or the lower voltage limit of battery, so that the current potential of negative or positive electrode is in the prescribed limit.
Be specifically described.Carry out the processing of the flow process of Fig. 2,, correctly grasped the shape and the position relation of the discharge curve of the anodal whole discharge curve of inside battery and negative pole integral body in the stage of having reproduced discharge curve.Therefore, if the upper voltage limit (for example 4.1V) when for example having determined to use battery has then been known the current potential of the positive pole corresponding with this upper voltage limit, the current potential of negative pole respectively.
In addition, because the deterioration of battery, shape, the position relation of the discharge curve of anodal integral body and the discharge curve of negative pole integral body can change.Therefore, produce following situation sometimes: under the initial condition of battery, the current potential of the positive pole corresponding with the upper voltage limit 4.1V of battery is 4.2V; If but continued deterioration, the current potential of then corresponding with the upper voltage limit 4.1V of battery positive pole would become 4.3V.On the other hand, in the battery material of positive pole/negative pole, there is the potential range that can use rightly respectively, can rapid deterioration outside this scope.
Thus, as concrete establishing method, arithmetic unit 10
(1) pre-determines anodal working voltage (for example, (current potential with generation Li/Li+ reaction is a benchmark) 3.7～4.2V).
(2) in addition, determine the working voltage (for example, 0.05～1.3V) of negative pole.
(3) then, determine the scope of discharge capacity Q of the working voltage of the satisfied positive pole in the anodal whole discharge curve that calculates by reproduction.
(4) similarly, determine the scope of the discharge capacity Q of the working voltage that satisfies negative pole in the discharge curve of negative pole integral body.
(5) then, the part that will repeat in the determined scope in above-mentioned (3) and (4) is specified to the new battery scope of application.
(6) and then, according to " based on the cell integrated discharge curve that calculates " that calculate by reproduction, obtain the corresponding cell voltage of scope with above-mentioned (5) definite discharge capacity Q.
(7) maximum and the minimum value with the voltage that obtains in above-mentioned (6) is specified to new upper voltage limit and new lower voltage limit respectively.
(operational example 3)
Under the current potential that is full of the negative pole under the electricity condition that is calculated was in situation in the prescribed limit, arithmetic unit 1 also can be warned the danger that has internal short-circuit in detected battery.Be specifically described.At when charging, the absorbed inside lithium ion of negative electrode active material, but under the situation about absorbing on amount beyond the mark ground, can be by the active material absorbed inside, be the lithium metal and separate out on the surface of active material.At this moment, lithium metal is separated out into the crystal of needle-like, causes short circuit so connect the barrier film (separator) that separates anodal and negative pole sometimes.
On the other hand, the lithium ion uptake of the negative electrode active material of unit mass becomes one-one relationship with the negative pole current potential.Therefore, if the negative pole current potential (according to reproduce calculate obtain) corresponding with the upper voltage limit of battery (=be full of electricity condition) less than the negative pole current potential corresponding with margin amount, then may be separated out the lithium metal in negative terminal surface being full of under the electricity condition.
Thus, arithmetic unit 10
(1) in advance, determine the negative pole current potential (for example 0.03V) that gives a warning.
(2) then, in the discharge curve of the negative pole that calculates by reproduction, obtain the current potential of the negative pole corresponding with the upper voltage limit (for example 4.1V) of battery.
(3) then, under the situation of the current potential that in above-mentioned (2), obtains less than the current potential of determining in above-mentioned (1), give a warning.
(operational example 4)
Arithmetic unit 10 can also calculate and export the residual life of detected battery.Be specifically described.At first, intrinsic according to (1) positive active material discharge curve v
p(q
p), the intrinsic discharge curve v of (2) negative electrode active material
n(q
n), (3) effective positive electrode active material quality m
p, (4) effective negative electrode active material quality m
n, (5) position anodal and negative pole concerns (C
n-C
p), (6) upper voltage limit V
MaxLower voltage limit V
MinDetermine the discharge capacity of battery.The value of wherein above-mentioned (1), (2), (6) can be obtained according to the foregoing description.
Therefore, be which type of function if the value that can determine above-mentioned (3), (4), (5) is preserved voltage V/ load P etc. with respect to t/ ambient temperature T/ between the operating period respectively, the value that then can make up above-mentioned (1)～(6) calculates the discharge capacity Q of battery (t, T, V, P ...).
At first, the computational methods of the residual life of the discharge capacity of the discharge curve of the battery when having provided the functional form of above-mentioned (3), (4), (5) and battery and battery describe.
The discharge curve of the battery discharge capacity of counting in of falling into a trap is defined as Q
pSo, by the discharge curve V of the battery that calculates
c(Q
p) utilize the anodal whole discharge curve V in the inside battery
p(Q
p) and the discharge curve V of negative pole integral body
n(Q
n) and write as
V
c(Q
p)＝V
p(Q
p)-V
n(Q
n)。
Herein, as mentioned above, Q
p=m
p* q
p, Q
n=m
n* q
n, Q
n=Q
p-(C
n-C
p).In addition, as mentioned above, V
p(Q
p)=v
p(Q
p/ m
p), V
n(Q
n)=v
n(Q
n/ m
n).Therefore, the calculated value of the discharge curve of battery becomes V
c(Q
p)=v
p(Q
p/ m
p)-v
n({ Q
p-(C
n-C
p)/m
n).In the calculated value of the discharge curve of resulting battery, satisfy V if obtain
c(Q
P, min)=V
Max, V
c(Q
P, max)=V
MinQ
P, min, Q
P, max, then can pass through
Q＝Q
p，max-Q
p，min
Obtain the discharge capacity Q of battery.
Carry out above computing at t between the various operating periods, obtain each discharge capacity Q (t) of battery.Capacity Q with respect to end of lifetime
EndSatisfy Q (t
End)=Q
EndT
EndBecome the life-span of this battery.If between the current operating period be t
0, then residual life is (t
End-t
0).
Next, the value of determining above-mentioned (3), (4), (5) being preserved voltage V/ load P etc. with respect to t/ ambient temperature T/ between the operating period respectively is that the method for which type of function describes.
As above-mentioned (3), (4), (5), also can determine simple functional form.For example, arithmetic unit 10 for example is expressed as m (t)=m with effective positive electrode active material quality and effective negative electrode active material quality
0* exp (t/ τ) (wherein τ is a constant); Position relation about anodal and negative pole for example is expressed as
(wherein A is a constant) about τ and A, can be predetermined, and perhaps exists under a plurality of data conditions and can obtain by match.
Perhaps, arithmetic unit 10 is for example represented above-mentioned (3), (4), (5) as described below.
At first, about (3) effective positive active material m
p, with m
p(t) time rate of change dm
p/ dt is expressed as m
pThe integral expression of self, be dm
p/ dt=∑
nA
nm
p n(wherein n is an integer.A in addition
nBe and between the operating period t and x irrelevant, and the amount of determining uniquely with respect to battery service condition T, V, P...).Herein, A
nAlso can be used as function or table and be stored in the memory 11 of internal information checkout gear 1.
Detected battery is t between the operating period at state-detection time point place
0M
pValue m
P0Can as above-mentioned embodiment, obtain, so by above-mentioned integral expression of combination and initial condition m
p(t
0)=m
P0, the value that can infer out the m (t) under t 〉=t0.
Arithmetic unit 10 can also similarly be obtained the value of (4), (5).
Perhaps, arithmetic unit 10 is for example represented above-mentioned (3), (4), (5) as described below.
At (3) effective positive electrode active material quality m
p, except above-mentioned integral expression and above-mentioned initial condition, also definite boundary condition is obtained the m of above-mentioned integral expression
pSeparate, with m
pBe expressed as battery service condition T, V, P ... and the function of t between the operating period, and can directly obtain m
pValue.At this moment, also can be that arithmetic unit 10 is obtained m
pThe operation of separating, also can be in advance separating of being obtained to be stored in the memory 11 and read in by arithmetic unit 10.
As boundary condition, for example, establish for t between the operating period of abundant length
∞And m
pBecome irrelevant value m with t service time
P ∞, also can use m
p(t → ∞) → m
P ∞In addition, m
P ∞Also can be battery service condition T, V, P ... function.
Arithmetic unit 10 can also similarly be obtained the value of (4), (5).
And then, consider during use in the service condition of secondary cell situation about being changed and also can as described belowly handling.
Above-mentioned (3), (4) when the service condition of secondary cell was changed during arithmetic unit 10 was for example represented during use as described below, the value of (5).
About above-mentioned t
0The service condition of later secondary cell, for example, at t up between the operating period
1Till under service condition A, use t during use
1To t
2Under service condition B, use.
About (3) effective positive electrode active material quality m
p, above-mentioned t
0The above-mentioned m at place
pValue m
p(t
0) can obtain by above-mentioned condition detection method.As described belowly obtain t between the operating period
0～t
1Above-mentioned m
pValue.
At the above-mentioned m of expression
pThe integral expression of rate of change in, use the coefficient corresponding with above-mentioned service condition A.Then, use the numerical computations of above-mentioned integral expression or the analytic solutions of above-mentioned integral expression, calculate t between the operating period
0～t
1In above-mentioned m
pValue m
p(t).
Obtain above-mentioned t like this
1The above-mentioned m at place
pValue m
p(t
1).Can be with as t between the operating period
0～t
1Above-mentioned m
pThe m of end value
p(t
1) similarly obtain t between the operating period as initial value
1～t
2In above-mentioned m
pValue.
By such step, can obtain the above-mentioned m the when service condition of middle secondary cell is changed during use
pValue.Even under service condition is changed situation more than the secondary, also can obtain above-mentioned m by same step
pOperating period between t concern m
p(t).Arithmetic unit 10 can also similarly be obtained (4), (5).
More than, several operational example are illustrated.
The reason of the parameter when in addition, index C in use location calculates as reproduction has two.First reason is, both the position relation when determining the discharge curve stack with the discharge curve of positive pole and negative pole.Another reason is, for the alignment at zero point of the discharge capacity of the discharge curve of zero point of the discharge capacity that makes the discharge curve that calculates by stack and measured value.Therefore, from the viewpoint of playback accuracy, preferably in reproducing calculating, use at least 2 positioning index C.
But,, also positioning index C can be made as one in order to alleviate calculated load.In this case, the processing that in the last processing of treatment S 106, is used to make zero point of the discharge capacity of " based on the cell integrated discharge curve of actual measurement " and " based on the cell integrated discharge curve that calculates " to align gets final product.Particularly, arithmetic unit 10 pre-determines becomes the cell voltage of benchmark V
RefWith discharge capacity Q
Ref, obtain respectively in each discharge curve and V
RefCorresponding discharge capacity Q
S0And Q
C0, the discharge capacity of " based on the cell integrated discharge curve of actual measurement " is added constant (Q
Ref-Q
S0), the discharge capacity of " based on the cell integrated discharge curve that calculates " is added constant (Q
Ref-Q
C0), the discharge capacity of two discharge curves is unified.Perhaps, as other method, arithmetic unit 10 pre-determines becomes the discharge capacity of benchmark Q
Ref, at first obtain " based on the actual measurement cell integrated discharge curve " in Q
RefCorresponding cell voltage V
S0Or differential voltage (dV/dQ)
S0, next obtain in " based on the cell integrated discharge curve that calculates " V be provided
S0Or (dV/dQ)
S0Discharge capacity Q
C1Discharge capacity to " based on the cell integrated discharge curve that calculates " adds constant (Q
Ref-Q
C1), the discharge capacity of two discharge curves is unified.
In addition, the invention is not restricted to the embodiments described.
In the above-described embodiments, also the data (discharge curve, parameter list 100 that discharge curve that positive active material is intrinsic and negative electrode active material are intrinsic) that are illustrated as in the memory 11 that is stored in internal information checkout gear 1 can be stored in the memory (not shown) of the device that constitutes integratedly with detected battery.That is, in the S101 of Fig. 2, arithmetic unit 10 obtains intrinsic discharge curve and the intrinsic discharge curve of negative electrode active material of positive active material from the memory of detected battery side.In addition, in S103,, obtain parameter group from the memory of detected battery side.Thus, need not storage intrinsic in the detected battery in the memory 11 of internal information checkout gear 1.
In addition, the internal information testing method among the present invention does not limit material, goes for the combination of all positive active materials, all negative electrode active materials and all positive active materials and negative electrode active material.
In addition, can be applied to the power-supply system of electric automobile.In this case, the electric automobile main body has lithium rechargeable battery and memory portion.Preferably, in memory portion, preserve the movement when charging night or discharge and recharge movement when being applied as the discharging and recharging of purpose with of the present invention.Above-mentioned internal information checkout gear 1 is configured in service centre.When vehicle inspection, utilize the processing of the flow process of Fig. 2, the inside of lithium secondary battery is detected.
In addition, can apply the present invention to industrial or home-use battery system.In this case, the accumulating system main body has lithium secondary battery and memory portion.Preferably, in memory portion, preserve the movement when charging night or discharge and recharge movement when being applied as the discharging and recharging of purpose with of the present invention.Keep above-mentioned internal information checkout gear 1 by the operator of checking operation.When checking, utilize the processing of the flow process of Fig. 2, the inside of lithium secondary battery is detected.Perhaps, internal information checkout gear 1 also can communicate termly with accumulating system and be connected, and the inside of lithium secondary battery is detected.
As described above, by the present invention, can be non-learn the situation of the charging and discharging curve of the charging and discharging curve of anodal integral body of secondary cell inside and negative pole integral body with destroying.Thus, the essential factor of deterioration of battery can be determined to non-destruction, the life-span can be judged accurately.And then, according to the present invention, can also reproduce result calculated by using, judge the appropriate scope of application of deterioration battery accurately, the perhaps non-reduction that obtains to discharge and recharge reactive material with destroying.
Claims (11)
1. the internal information testing method of a secondary cell is characterized in that, comprises following step:
The 1st step obtains as the positive electrode of basic data intrinsic charge/discharge curve and the intrinsic charge/discharge curve of negative material, and obtains the charge/discharge curve as the detected battery of measured value;
The 2nd step, use the intrinsic charge/discharge curve of the intrinsic charge/discharge curve of above-mentioned positive electrode, above-mentioned negative material and as the charge/discharge curve of the detected battery of above-mentioned measured value and the corrected parameter of regulation, obtain the charge/discharge curve of positive pole of detected inside battery and the charge/discharge curve of negative pole; And
The 3rd step, at least one in the charge/discharge curve of the above-mentioned positive pole in above-mentioned the 2nd step, obtained of output, the charge/discharge curve of above-mentioned negative pole and the above-mentioned corrected parameter that in calculating, uses,
Above-mentioned the 2nd step comprises following step:
The correlation calculations step, use is used to revise the 1st corrected parameter to the contributive active matter quality of charge/discharge, charge/discharge curve and the intrinsic charge/discharge curve of above-mentioned negative material that above-mentioned positive electrode is intrinsic are revised, obtain the anodal whole charge/discharge curve and the charge/discharge curve of negative pole integral body
Use is used to revise the 2nd corrected parameter of the position relation of charge/discharge curve, position relation to the charge/discharge curve of above-mentioned anodal whole charge/discharge curve and negative pole integral body is revised, and then superpose, thereby obtain cell integrated charge/discharge curve, be also referred to as " based on the cell integrated charge/discharge curve of calculating "
Obtain based on the cell integrated charge/discharge curve of aforementioned calculation with based on the correlation of the cell integrated charge/discharge curve of above-mentioned actual measurement;
The corrected parameter determining step is determined above-mentioned the 1st corrected parameter and above-mentioned the 2nd corrected parameter when above-mentioned correlation uprises in above-mentioned correlation calculations step; And
Infer step, the above-mentioned anodal whole charge/discharge curve of position relation and the charge/discharge curve of above-mentioned negative pole integral body are inferred into the anodal whole charge/discharge curve of above-mentioned secondary cell and the charge/discharge curve of negative pole integral body with used the 2nd corrected parameter correction determined in above-mentioned corrected parameter determining step.
2. the internal information testing method of secondary cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Above-mentioned charge/discharge curve is the relation between the variable quantity of charge/discharge amount and the voltage corresponding with the variable quantity of above-mentioned charge/discharge amount.
3. the internal information testing method of secondary cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
The charge/discharge curve of the above-mentioned positive pole of in above-mentioned the 2nd step, obtaining, the charge/discharge curve of above-mentioned negative pole and calculate in some in the above-mentioned corrected parameter that uses be under the situation of prescribed limit the signal of the detected battery of output recommended replacement.
4. the internal information testing method of secondary cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
In the charge/discharge curve of the positive pole of in above-mentioned the 2nd step, obtaining and the charge/discharge curve of negative pole, when utilize the current potential of the negative or positive electrode in the scope to be under the situation outside the prescribed limit at battery by the upper voltage limit of above-mentioned detected battery and lower voltage limit regulation, reset the upper voltage limit or the lower voltage limit of above-mentioned detected battery, so that the current potential of negative or positive electrode is positioned at prescribed limit.
5. the internal information testing method of secondary cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
The current potential that is full of the negative pole under the electricity condition that calculates when the charge/discharge curve of the charge/discharge curve of using the positive pole obtain in above-mentioned the 2nd step and negative pole is under the situation of prescribed limit, and there is the danger of internal short-circuit in warning in detected battery.
6. the internal information testing method of secondary cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
The reduction of charge/discharge reactive material of the inside of detected battery is calculated and exported to the charge/discharge curve of the positive pole that use is obtained in above-mentioned the 2nd step and the charge/discharge curve of negative pole.
7. the internal information testing method of secondary cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
The residual life of detected battery is calculated and exported to the charge/discharge curve of the positive pole that use is obtained in above-mentioned the 2nd step and the charge/discharge curve of negative pole.
8. the internal information testing method of secondary cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
The value of the above-mentioned corrected parameter that will use in above-mentioned the 2nd step is as initial value,
The time rate of change of above-mentioned corrected parameter represents by the integral expression of above-mentioned corrected parameter itself,
And the value of the every coefficient in the above-mentioned integral expression is used the value of obtaining as the function or the table of variable with temperature and cell voltage or electrode potential according at least,
For at least one, the value of obtaining above-mentioned corrected parameter certain service time of secondary cell,
The above-mentioned corrected parameter that use is obtained in above-mentioned step is obtained the discharge capacity or the charging capacity of secondary cell,
Under resulting above-mentioned charging capacity or the discharge capacity situation consistent, be defined as the life-span of detected battery above-mentioned service time, and obtain the above-mentioned life-span or obtain the residual life of obtaining according to the above-mentioned life-span with predetermined reference value.
9. the internal information testing method of secondary cell according to claim 7 is characterized in that,
When obtaining the above-mentioned corrected parameter corresponding, comprise following step with certain service time of secondary cell:
Be defined under the 1st condition use secondary cell the 1st during and with the above-mentioned the 1st during continuous in time, use under the 2nd condition secondary cell the 2nd during at least 1 combination,
The initial value x1 of the above-mentioned corrected parameter in using during the above-mentioned the 1st and the above-mentioned integral expression corresponding with above-mentioned the 1st condition or its are separated, the end value x2 of the above-mentioned corrected parameter in calculating during the above-mentioned the 1st,
The initial value of the above-mentioned corrected parameter in being used as above-mentioned end value x2 during the above-mentioned the 2nd,
Use the above-mentioned integer corresponding or its to separate, the end value x3 of the above-mentioned corrected parameter in calculating during the above-mentioned the 2nd with above-mentioned the 2nd condition.
10. the internal information checkout gear of a secondary cell is characterized in that having:
Unit the 1st obtains as the positive electrode of basic data intrinsic charge/discharge curve and the intrinsic charge/discharge curve of negative material, and obtains the charge/discharge curve as the detected battery of measured value;
Unit the 2nd, use the intrinsic charge/discharge curve of the intrinsic charge/discharge curve of above-mentioned positive electrode, above-mentioned negative material and as the charge/discharge curve of the detected battery of above-mentioned measured value, the corrected parameter of regulation, obtain the charge/discharge curve of positive pole of detected inside battery and the charge/discharge curve of negative pole; And
Unit the 3rd, the charge/discharge curve of the above-mentioned positive pole that output is obtained by above-mentioned Unit the 2nd, the charge/discharge curve of above-mentioned negative pole and calculate in the above-mentioned corrected parameter that uses at least one,
Above-mentioned Unit the 2nd has:
The correlation calculations unit, use is used to revise the 1st corrected parameter to the active matter quality of charge/discharge contribution, charge/discharge curve and the intrinsic charge/discharge curve of above-mentioned negative material that above-mentioned positive electrode is intrinsic are revised, obtain the anodal whole charge/discharge curve and the charge/discharge curve of negative pole integral body
Use is used to revise the 2nd corrected parameter of the position relation of charge/discharge curve, position relation to the charge/discharge curve of above-mentioned anodal whole charge/discharge curve and negative pole integral body is revised, and then superpose, thereby obtain cell integrated charge/discharge curve, be also referred to as " based on the cell integrated charge/discharge curve of calculating "
Obtain based on the cell integrated charge/discharge curve of aforementioned calculation with based on the correlation of the cell integrated charge/discharge curve of above-mentioned actual measurement;
The corrected parameter determining unit is determined above-mentioned the 1st corrected parameter and above-mentioned the 2nd corrected parameter when above-mentioned correlation uprises in above-mentioned correlation calculations unit; And
Infer the unit, the above-mentioned anodal whole charge/discharge curve of position relation and the charge/discharge curve of above-mentioned negative pole integral body are inferred into the anodal whole charge/discharge curve of above-mentioned secondary cell and the charge/discharge curve of negative pole integral body with having used the 2nd corrected parameter correction determined by above-mentioned corrected parameter determining unit.
11. the internal information checkout gear of secondary cell according to claim 10 is characterized in that,
The value of the above-mentioned corrected parameter that will use in above-mentioned Unit the 2nd is as initial value,
The time rate of change of above-mentioned corrected parameter represents by the integral expression of above-mentioned corrected parameter itself,
And the value of the every coefficient in the above-mentioned integral expression is used the value of obtaining as the function or the table of variable with temperature and cell voltage or electrode potential according at least,
For at least one, the value of obtaining above-mentioned corrected parameter certain service time of secondary cell,
The above-mentioned corrected parameter that use is obtained in above-mentioned step is obtained the discharge capacity or the charging capacity of secondary cell,
Under resulting above-mentioned charging capacity or the discharge capacity situation consistent, be defined as the life-span of detected battery above-mentioned service time, and obtain the above-mentioned life-span or obtain the residual life of obtaining according to the above-mentioned life-span with predetermined reference value.
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| JP2008011599A JP4884404B2 (en) | 2007-09-07 | 2008-01-22 | Method and apparatus for detecting internal information of secondary battery |
| JP2008011599 | 2008-01-22 | ||
| JP2008-011599 | 2008-01-22 |
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| JP2003303627A (en) * | 2002-04-10 | 2003-10-24 | Hitachi Ltd | Status detecting device and various devices using the same |
| CN1556417A (en) * | 2004-01-02 | 2004-12-22 | 清华大学 | Judging method of electromobile car battery discharging termination bused on small wave transformation |
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| CN106471385A (en) * | 2014-07-10 | 2017-03-01 | 东洋橡胶工业株式会社 | The deterioration diagnosis method of enclosed secondary battery and deterioration diagnostic system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2009080093A (en) | 2009-04-16 |
| JP4884404B2 (en) | 2012-02-29 |
| CN101383438A (en) | 2009-03-11 |
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