CN101382235B - 高压容器的密封结构 - Google Patents
高压容器的密封结构 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101382235B CN101382235B CN2008102124785A CN200810212478A CN101382235B CN 101382235 B CN101382235 B CN 101382235B CN 2008102124785 A CN2008102124785 A CN 2008102124785A CN 200810212478 A CN200810212478 A CN 200810212478A CN 101382235 B CN101382235 B CN 101382235B
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种高压容器的密封结构,在由浸渍树脂后的纤维强化层包覆合成树脂制等的薄壁容器后使树脂硬化而成形为多层结构的高压容器中,在硬化前装配时可以采取密封措施。高压容器的密封结构(1)具有:容纳气体或液体的树脂内衬(2);增强该树脂内衬(2)外表面的纤维强化树脂层(3);和突出于该纤维强化树脂层的外表面并用于注入和排出气体或液体的金属制接头部(4),其特征在于,在树脂内衬(2)上形成有从高压容器内突出到外部的气体或液体的注排口(21),在注排口(21)的突出部分(22)和接头部(4)形成有结合结构(23、43),接头部(4)由结合结构(23、43)与树脂内衬(2)结合起来以遮蔽注排口(21)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及高压容器的密封结构。
背景技术
压缩天然气(CNG)作为减小温室效应的清洁能源受到关注,并期待将其作为代替汽油的机动车用燃料等广泛利用。但是,由于与液体或固体相比,气体的密度更低,因此,需要采取使气体容积减小的高压化措施以装载更多的燃料,这样就需要采用用于容纳该高压气体的高压容器。因此,迄今为止,一般采用钢制或铝合金制的高压容器作为CNG用高压容器。虽然金属制的高压容器具有高强度且对防止泄漏具有高可靠性的优点,但存在着重量大这一问题,在作为机动车用燃料进行使用的情况下,就要牺牲燃料效率和行驶性能。
鉴于上述问题,近年来,以容器的轻量化为目的,在日本专利第3523802号公报中提出了按如下所述形成的多层结构的压力容器:利用浸渍树脂后的纤维强化层来覆盖金属制或合成树脂制的薄壁容器(内衬),然后使树脂硬化后形成。
以往,如特许第3523802号公报的图2所示,其一体地成型树脂内衬和接口部(mouth piece),装配纤维强化树脂层(FRP:fiber reinforcedplastics),然后进行纤维强化树脂层的树脂硬化。在此情况下,若在硬化后发现泄漏通路,则在硬化后泄漏通路的修补就不能进行修理,就有可能使制造合格率降低。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种高压容器的密封结构,该高压容器的密封结构在硬化前装配时可以分阶段地采取密封措施。
本发明是一种用于解决上述课题的高压容器的密封结构,该高压容器的密封结构具有:树脂内衬,该树脂内衬容纳气体或液体;纤维强化树脂层,该纤维强化树脂层用于增强该树脂内衬的外表面;以及金属制的接头部,该接头部突出于该纤维强化树脂层的外表面,用于注入和排出气体或液体,其特征在于,在树脂内衬上形成有气体或液体的注排口,该注排口从高压容器内突出到外部,在注排口的突出部分和接头部上形成有结合结构,接头部经由结合结构与树脂内衬结合起来以遮蔽注排口。
根据该结构,通过在树脂内衬的注排口形成结合结构,使树脂内衬可与接头部结合起来,从而在将硬化前的纤维强化树脂层安装在树脂内衬的外表面之前,可以确认存在潜在泄漏通路可能性的金属部件与树脂部件之间密封性能。进而,若密封性能存在问题的话,在缠绕或手工层叠(hand lay up)纤维强化树脂之前,可卸下接头部对安装在内衬和接头部的注排用阀门间的密封采取措施。
进而,由于在接头部形成用于遮蔽注排口外表面的结合部,通过内衬侧的膨胀,挤压内衬与接头部的接合面,对两者间的泄漏通路具有自密封的功能。
在上述结构的基础上,本发明可以在接头部与内衬的突出部分之间夹设密封部件。
根据该结构,接头部与内衬部通过结合结构被结合起来,只要对浸渍树脂后的强化纤维进行长丝缠绕或手工层叠之前,都可以将两者卸下来而容易地***或充填O型密封圈或密封胶等密封部件。
在上述结构的基础上,本发明的接头部具有:结合部,该结合部经由结合结构与树脂内衬结合起来以遮蔽注排口的外表面;和圆板状的面接触部,该面接触部形成该结合部的基部,并与树脂内衬的外表面进行面接触,面接触部的外表面形成为与树脂内衬的外表面连续的面。
接头部作为高压容器的一部分,必须牢固地进行固定。此外,必须尽量减小可能成为泄漏通路的部分。因此,注排口的基部被形成为圆板状来加大与内衬和纤维强化树脂层接触的面积,在接头部与内衬相结合的表面上卷绕已浸渍树脂的强化纤维。此时,如果在内衬的外表面与接头部圆板部的外表面之间的接缝上存在阶梯差,就会在卷绕的纤维中产生折痕,导致强度下降。
但是,根据本结构,不会产生阶梯差,可以形成连续的外表面,可以防止在卷绕的纤维中产生折痕。
在上述结构的基础上,本发明在结合后的接头部与内衬的突出部分之间,形成空隙,该空隙在容器外侧方向具有开口,可以使密封部件***该空隙中。
根据该结构,作为本发明的基本结构,利用在树脂硬化前可以确认密封部的这一特点,可以主动地设置可以目视的空隙,在该空隙中***密封部件,就可以进行密封。作为密封部件,既可以应用与空隙的形状一致的固体,也可以应用通过之后的固化进行硬化的树脂,可以应用任一种。
在上述结构的基础上,本发明可以通过吹塑成型来成型树脂内衬。
根据该结构,通过吹塑成型来形成内衬,扩大了可以采用的形状的自由度,可以使内衬成为与本发明的高压容器所容纳的空间相匹配的形状。
在上述结构的基础上,可以通过长丝缠绕法形成纤维强化树脂层。
作为形成纤维强化树脂层的方法,虽然还有手工层叠法,但若根据本结构,就能够成为耐压强度高并轻量化的结构。
本发明可以提供可在树脂硬化前分阶段地采取密封措施的高压容器的密封结构。
附图说明
图1是本发明所述的高压容器的侧视图。
图2是图1的A部详细剖视图,是表示本发明的第1实施方式所述的树脂内衬和接头部的结合结构的图。
图3是图1的A部详细剖视图,是表示本发明的第2实施方式所述的树脂内衬和接头部的结合结构的图。
图4是表示本发明的第3实施方式所述的树脂内衬和接头部的结合结构的分解立体图。
图5是表示本发明的第4实施方式所述的在树脂内衬和接头部的结合结构中结合阀门和锁紧螺母的状态的放大剖视图。
具体实施方式
[第1实施方式]
以下,首先,对应用本实施方式的高压容器的结构的一例进行说明,然后,对第1实施方式所述的高压容器的密封结构进行说明。
图1是高压容器的侧视图,给出了局部剖面。高压容器1由如下部分构成:树脂内衬2,其容纳气体或液体;纤维强化树脂层3,其增强该树脂内衬2的外表面;以及金属制的接头部4,其突出于该纤维强化树脂层3的外表面,用于注入和排出气体或液体。
树脂内衬2是用于容纳气体或液体的容器,其根据容纳的物体和充填条件来选择材料。材料例如可使用高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、聚酰胺、聚酮、聚苯硫醚(PPS)等,通过旋转成型或吹塑成型(blow molding)等进行成型。
完成状态的高压容器的大部分由树脂内衬2所占有。通常,选择相对高压环境可以谋求更轻量的形状,例如,如图1所示,可选择形成为圆筒形的主体部以及在该主体部的轴向两端部形成为大致半球状盖部的形状,或者选择球形。但是,作为机动车用燃料箱,在插设在有限空间中的情况下,有时要求其为扁平形状等多种形态,在这样的情况下,优选通过吹塑成型进行成型。
在树脂内衬2上安装接头部4,然后,通过长丝缠绕法(filamentwinding法),将浸渍树脂后的强化纤维,卷绕到树脂内衬2和接头部4的外表面,或者利用手工层叠法通过层叠进行安装。并且,对树脂内衬2和接头部4的结合结构,将在后面叙述。
纤维强化树脂层3是所谓FRP(纤维强化塑料),成为耐压结构中的主要结构要素。在将浸渍树脂后的纤维(或者织布)的形状加工为产品形状之后,通过使树脂硬化,形成纤维强化树脂层3。
由于在纤维强化树脂层3中使用的树脂具有高强度,因此一般是环氧类树脂。但是,在要求热稳定性等情况下,也可以使用酚醛类树脂。其次,纤维大多使用高强度且高弹性的纤维,例如,一般是碳纤维、玻璃纤维、二氧化硅纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维(Kevlar纤维)等。在这些纤维或编织这些纤维而成的布中浸渍上述树脂,就成为所谓浸渍料坯。
为了将浸渍料坯安装到树脂内衬2和接头部4的结合体上,如上所述具有如下方法:长丝缠绕法,其通过织机卷绕浸渍料坯化后的纤维;和手工层叠法,其将浸渍料坯化后的织布层叠在外表面上。但一般使用长丝缠绕法,因为长丝缠绕法可以保持纤维的连续性,可以容易地实现高强度,并且容易使容器薄壁化。
在长丝缠绕法中存在如下等绕制方法:环带绕制,其在图1中的圆筒部分的周围(沿周向)卷绕纤维;轴向绕制,其沿轴向进行绕制;螺旋绕制,其相对环带绕制的纤维方向带有角度。根据压力负载时的高压容器内的应力发生情况,可以适当地选择绕制方法和圈数以及绕制角度等。
对浸渍料坯的形状加工完成后,例如,在浸渍作为热硬化性树脂的环氧树脂的情况下,在树脂内衬2和接头部4的结合体的外表面上安装了浸渍料坯而成半成品,通过将该半成品放入到设定为预定温度的硬化槽(高压釜)中一定时间,使树脂硬化,形成纤维强化树脂层3,成为制成品。
这样地,使用了纤维强化树脂的高压容器,即使在树脂硬化后还检测出所容纳的气体或液体发生泄漏,由于该结合结构不能拆卸,因此难以进行修补。
其次,参考图2,对本实施方式所述的高压容器的密封结构进行说明。图2是图1的A部详细图,是表示树脂内衬2和接头部4的结合结构的图。
树脂内衬2上形成气体或液体的注排口21,该注排口从高压容器1内突出到外部(图2的B方向),在注排口21的突出部分22和接头部4上形成有结合结构23、43,接头部4通过结合结构23、43与树脂内衬2结合起来以遮蔽注排口21。
在本实施方式中,在注排口21上切出螺纹S2作为结合结构23,在接头部4上切出螺纹S4作为结合结构43,螺纹S4与螺纹S2相螺合,使树脂内衬2与接头部4结合起来。螺纹S2、S4可以选择为各种形状,但在相对压力负载方向提高密封性的情况下,使用锥形螺纹,此外,在设置有充填密封材料的间隙的情况下或使位置调整余量具有余量的情况下,优选是设有间隙的梯形螺纹或英制梯形螺纹(ACMEscrew threads)等螺纹。
并且,此处,对树脂内衬和接头部的结合结构采用螺纹结合进行了说明,但并不仅限于螺纹结合,例如,当然可以采用锁扣式结合等。
通过这样构成结合部,在试装配时,可以确认结合结构23、43间的螺合状态,以及树脂内衬2和接头部4抵接的部分的相抵状态,进而,在将两者结合起来的状态下,可以进行泄漏检查,确认有无泄漏通路,如有必要的话可以进行修补。
如图2所示,接头部4具有:结合部44,其具有遮蔽注排口21外表面的结合结构43;圆板状的面接触部45,其形成该结合部44的基部,并与树脂内衬2的外表面25形成面接触。外表面25上与面接触部45所接触的树脂内衬2的表面,就成为凹部26,面接触部45的外表面与树脂内衬2的凹部以外的外表面25形成连续的面。并且,接头部4使用高比强度的铝合金、不锈钢合金等金属材料。
这样地,由于在树脂内衬2的外表面与接头部4的圆板状的外表面的接缝上不存在阶梯差,因此,在由长丝缠绕法绕制的纤维上不会产生折痕,可以防止因纤维的折断等在树脂硬化后导致局部强度的降低。
此外,将面接触部45与凹部26之间的接触面展宽是为了实现如下效果:在成品状态下当被加载为高压时,在可能成为潜在泄漏通路的接触面与容器内压力室之间存在压力差,通过该压力差,内侧的树脂内衬2侧膨胀,还起到堵塞泄漏通路的自密封的作用。
[第2实施方式]
其次,参考图3,对第2实施方式所述的高压容器的密封结构进行说明。图3是图1的A部详细图,是表示树脂内衬2和接头部4的结合结构的图。
本实施方式与第1实施方式不同的部分在于,在可能成为潜在泄漏通路的树脂内衬2和接头部4的接触部上,在拐角50附近插设O型密封圈OL作为密封部件。如第1实施方式中所述,该部分在加载压力时,具有通过自密封来堵塞泄漏通路的效果,进而通过插设均匀地遮蔽孔口根部的周围并利用弹性变形进行密封的O型密封圈OL,就可以提高密封效果。
进而,通过在该部分插设O型密封圈OL可实现如下效果:当在高压容器1中通过注入或充填高压气体或液体而向高压容器1内加载压力,使树脂内衬2的突出部分22的根部产生变形时,只要在O型密封圈OL的弹性形变内,就可以吸收变形量,从而可以防止在树脂内衬2和接头部4之间产生由变形引起的泄漏通路,同时通过使树脂内衬2和接头部4接触,使负载进行直接传递,以此可以防止一方的构造部件使另一方变形。
并且,在本实施方式中插设O型密封圈OL,但也可以将充填材料充填到该位置,进而,还可以使其与压力负载时的变位量匹配,安装改变圈径的多个O型密封圈,或者与O型密封圈OL一起,安装圈的截面并非圆形的所谓保护垫圈(back up ring)。作为充填材料,可以充填密封胶或树脂。安装本实施方式中所述的O型密封圈OL的位置,就是安装位置的一例,但也可以安装在螺纹S2、S4的前后。
上述密封部分的处理,只要是在绕制浸渍树脂后的强化纤维(长丝缠绕)之前,或者手工层叠织物(hand lay up)之前的话,就都可以通过上述结合结构23、43的存在,一边确认密封状态,一边进行处理。
[第3实施方式]
其次,参考图4,对第3实施方式所述的高压容器的密封结构进行说明。图4(a)是从图2的右手方向观察树脂内衬102和接头部104的结合结构的正面放大图,图4(b)是放大表示树脂内衬102的结合结构123的侧面的分解立体图。
本实施方式与第1实施方式不同的部分在于,在结合后的接头部104与树脂内衬102的结合结构123之间形成空隙G,该空隙G在容器外侧方向具有开口,从而可以使密封部件***该空隙中。
若详细进行说明,在本实施方式中,也与第1实施方式相同,在注排口121上切削螺纹1S2,在接头部104的结合结构143上切削螺纹1S4,将螺纹1S4螺合在螺纹1S2上,使树脂内衬102与接头部104结合起来。此时,如图4(b)所示,螺纹1S2与第1实施方式的螺纹S1不同(参考图2),沿螺纹1S2的轴向具有2个对部分螺纹部进行倒棱后形成的倒棱部分F、F。当将树脂内衬102与接头部104结合起来时,该倒棱部分(chamfering)F、F如图4(a)所示,就成为朝向容器外开口,且可以进行目视的状态,可以从该开口OP将树脂或密封部件充填到倒棱部分F的空隙G中。
并且,也可以准备好与空隙G形状相匹配的块体(未图示)并将其***倒棱部分F的空隙G中,然后充填树脂或密封部件以填埋其余空隙。
[第4实施方式]
其次,参考图5,对第4实施方式所述的高压容器的密封结构进行说明。图5是表示在本实施方式所述的树脂内衬和接头部的结合结构中,结合有阀门和锁紧螺母的状态的放大剖视图。
本实施方式是在实际安装到机动车用车辆上时,通过锁紧螺母70将必要的阀门60安装在接头部4上的情况,作为基本结构的树脂内衬202与接头部4相结合的结合结构23、43,与第1实施方式相同(参考图2)。
阀门60被***树脂内衬202的注排口21中(参考图2),为了密封两者之间,在树脂内衬202的防脱壁27与阀门60之间的空隙中,***O型密封圈OL-2和垫圈BU。垫圈BU具有这样的作用:在加载压力下,即使在树脂内衬202、接头部4变形时,O型密封圈OL-2的位置也不会产生偏移,能可靠地密封。
***O型密封圈OL-2与上述第2实施方式相同可实现如下效果:在高压容器1中通过注入或充填高压气体或液体而向高压容器1内加载压力,使树脂内衬202的突出部分22(参考图2)的根部产生变形时,只要在O型密封圈的弹性形变内,就可以吸收变形量,从而可以防止在树脂内衬202与阀门60之间产生由变形引起的泄漏通路,同时通过使树脂内衬202和阀门60接触,使负载进行直接传递,以此可以防止一方的构造部件使另一方变形。
以上,对本发明,对其理想的实施方式进行了说明。但本发明并不仅限于附图中所述的结构,在不脱离其主旨的范围内,可以进行设计变更。特别地,作为螺纹结合,对树脂内衬与接头部的结合结构进行了说明。但并不仅限于螺纹结合,例如,当然可以采用锁扣式结合等。
Claims (9)
1.一种高压容器的密封结构,
该高压容器的密封结构具有:
树脂内衬,该树脂内衬容纳气体或液体;
纤维强化树脂层,该纤维强化树脂层用于增强该树脂内衬的外表面;
金属制的接头部,该接头部突出于所述纤维强化树脂层的外表面,用于注入和排出所述气体或液体;以及
阀门,其***在该接头部内,通过锁紧螺母安装在所述接头部上,
其特征在于,
在所述树脂内衬上形成有气体或液体的注排口,该注排口从所述高压容器内突出到外部,
在所述注排口的突出部分和接头部形成有结合结构,
所述接头部经由所述结合结构与所述树脂内衬结合起来以遮蔽所述注排口,
所述阀门被***所述注排口的突出部分中,
为了密封所述阀门与所述树脂内衬,在形成在所述树脂内衬上的防脱壁与所述阀门之间的空隙中夹装O型密封圈。
2.如权利要求1所述的高压容器的密封结构,其特征在于,
所述接头部具有:
结合部,该结合部经由所述结合结构与所述树脂内衬结合起来以遮蔽所述注排口的外表面;和
圆板状的面接触部,该面接触部形成该结合部的基部,并与所述树脂内衬的外表面进行面接触,
所述面接触部的外表面形成为与所述树脂内衬的外表面连续的面。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的高压容器的密封结构,其特征在于,
在结合后的所述接头部与所述内衬的突出部分之间形成空隙,该空隙在所述高压容器的外侧方向具有开口,
使密封部件***该空隙中。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的高压容器的密封结构,其特征在于,
所述树脂内衬通过吹塑成型而成。
5.如权利要求3所述的高压容器的密封结构,其特征在于,
所述树脂内衬通过吹塑成型而成。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的高压容器的密封结构,其特征在于,
所述纤维强化树脂层的形成方法是长丝缠绕法。
7.如权利要求3所述的高压容器的密封结构,其特征在于,
所述纤维强化树脂层的形成方法是长丝缠绕法。
8.如权利要求4所述的高压容器的密封结构,其特征在于,
所述纤维强化树脂层的形成方法是长丝缠绕法。
9.如权利要求5所述的高压容器的密封结构,其特征在于,
所述纤维强化树脂层的形成方法是长丝缠绕法。
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JP2007228439A JP4599380B2 (ja) | 2007-09-04 | 2007-09-04 | 高圧容器のシール構造 |
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JP2007-228439 | 2007-09-04 |
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EP (1) | EP2034199A1 (zh) |
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US20090071930A1 (en) | 2009-03-19 |
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US8096441B2 (en) | 2012-01-17 |
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