CN101352685B - Supported type nickel catalyst for producing hydrogen from decomposition of ammonia and preparation method - Google Patents

Supported type nickel catalyst for producing hydrogen from decomposition of ammonia and preparation method Download PDF

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CN101352685B
CN101352685B CN2007101194714A CN200710119471A CN101352685B CN 101352685 B CN101352685 B CN 101352685B CN 2007101194714 A CN2007101194714 A CN 2007101194714A CN 200710119471 A CN200710119471 A CN 200710119471A CN 101352685 B CN101352685 B CN 101352685B
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nickel
hydrogen
preparation
temperature
ammonia
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CN101352685A (en
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刘红超
王�华
刘中民
沈江汉
孙颖
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Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of CAS
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Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of CAS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

Abstract

The invention relates to a loaded nickel catalyst which is used for hydrogen generation by ammonia decomposition. Ni is used as an active component; monox, aluminium oxide or titanium dioxide is used as a carrier. Mass percentage content of the active component is 1 percent to 50 percent. A preparation step thereof includes: soluble nickel salt, PH value regulator, precipitant, carrier and de-ionized water are prepared into suspension liquid which is heated to the temperature of 70 DEG C to 110 DEG C and deposited for 60 minutes to 300 minutes; the suspension liquid is cooled to the temperature of 20 DEG C to 30 DEG C, then filtration, water washing and filtration are carried out; drying is carried out for 18 hours to 24 hours at the temperature of 80 DEG C to 120 DEG C, and then calcinations is carried out for 2 hours to 6 hours at the temperature of 400 DEG C to 900 DEG C; in a hydrogen atmosphere or a mixture atmosphere of hydrogen and helium, activation is carried out at the temperature of 400 DEGC to 900 DEG C to reduce and prepare the loaded nickel catalyst. The loaded nickel catalyst prepared by the method is characterized by high activity in ammonia decomposition and can be used in the technology of generating hydrogen without COx by ammonia decomposition and in the process of purification treatment of various gases containing ammonia.

Description

A kind of nickel catalyst carried preparation method who is used for preparing hydrogen by ammonia decomposition
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ammonia decomposition system that is used for and do not contain the COx hydrogen catalyst.
The invention still further relates to above-mentioned Preparation of catalysts method.
The invention still further relates to the application of above-mentioned catalyst in the preparing hydrogen by ammonia decomposition reaction.
Background technology
Current, with hydrogen the concern that the research and development of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) of fuel are subjected to business and government department just day by day.Yet the purity of hydrogen, storage and transportation have become one of bottleneck of fuel cell hydrogen source development.Contain COx (x=1-2) gas that reduces the proton membrane fuel battery life-span inevitably by containing the hydrogen that carbon matrix prepares; Simultaneously, the storage of hydrogen need be used the material or the liquid hydrogen-containing fuel of high weight of hydrogen.Ammonia not only has higher hydrogen content (being about 17.6%) as a kind of chemical hydrogen storage media, and its catabolite is hydrogen and nitrogen, and nitrogen does not have negative effect to the electrode of PEMFC.Compare with the hydrogen from methyl alcohol technology, the price of preparing hydrogen by ammonia decomposition technology is lower.In addition, ammonia is easy to liquefaction (liquefaction pressure of ammonia in the time of 20 ℃ has only 0.8MPa), and is convenient to store and transportation.Therefore, on-the-spot or vehicle-mounted preparing hydrogen by ammonia decomposition technology promptly can provide the high-purity hydrogen that does not contain COx under relatively low temperature, has solved hydrogen again and has been difficult to the technical barrier that transports and store.So can obtain before commercial high hydrogen storage material of using and the anti-CO poisoning of permanence fuel cell electrode occur, with the ammonia (NH of carbon atoms not 3) to produce hydrogen for raw material will be one of technological approaches that has much attraction.
At present, the catalyst of preparing hydrogen by ammonia decomposition, its activated centre is mainly Fe, Ni, Ru, Co and metal nitride, and carrier mostly is MgO, TiO 2, Al 2O 3, active carbon, porous carbon nanotube, magnesium aluminate spinel, super base etc.In the research of these catalyst, with Ru be the noble metal catalyst in activated centre shown advantages of high catalytic activity (WO0187770A1, WO0208117A1, CN1456491A, CN1528657A, CN1712132A).Yet as noble metal catalyst, the Ru fancy price is the big critical defect of its future in the industrial applications of reality.It is abundant, cheap and the research that ammonia decomposes the nickel-base catalyst with higher activity then had important practical significance to carry out reserves.
CN1772614A discloses a kind of nanoscale Ni/Al 2O 3And Ni/La-Al 2O 3Method for preparing catalyst.This Preparation of catalysts process is that the nitrate with Ni and Al is made into the aqueous solution or ethanolic solution, be that precipitating reagent makes Ni and Al co-precipitation with the aqueous solution of ammonium carbonate or carbonic hydroammonium or ethanolic solution then, ammonia decomposition catalyzer is prepared in drying, roasting and reduction then.Decomposition has higher activity to the catalyst that this method is prepared to ammonia, and still, the shortcoming of coprecipitation is that guide's thing covers in the support oxide easily, also is difficult to the pore structure of control catalyst simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of the nickel catalyst carried of preparing hydrogen by ammonia decomposition that be used for.
Another purpose of the present invention is to provide the method for the above-mentioned catalyst of preparation.
Can prepare high-specific surface area, high dispersive, high stable, highly active supported nanometer nickel catalyst by the present invention.
For achieving the above object, provided by the inventionly be used for the nickel catalyst carried of preparing hydrogen by ammonia decomposition, described catalyst activity component is Ni, and carrier is silica, aluminium oxide or titania meterial; Wherein, the quality percentage composition of active constituent Ni is 1-50%.
Described nickel catalyst carried, wherein, the particle diameter of active constituent nickel is the 2-10 nanometer.
Described nickel catalyst carried, wherein, described carrier is SBA-15, MCM-41, SiO 2, Al 2O 3Or TiO 2
The nickel catalyst carried method that preparation provided by the invention is above-mentioned the steps include:
A) soluble nickel salt, pH value conditioning agent, precipitating reagent, carrier and deionized water are made into suspension according to mass ratio 5-25:0.5-3:5-25:1:50-500 in regular turn;
B) suspension was heated to 70-110 ℃ of deposition 60-300 minute, and the preferred deposition temperature is 90 ℃.
C) also filter water washing, filtration after above-mentioned suspension is reduced to 20-30 ℃;
D) after 80-120 ℃ of dry 18-24 hour, in 400-900 ℃ of roasting 2-6 hour, preferred sintering temperature was 500-800 ℃;
E) at hydrogen atmosphere, perhaps in the gaseous mixture atmosphere of hydrogen and helium, in 400-900 ℃ of activation 3-5 hour, supported nanometer nickel catalyst was made in reduction;
Described soluble nickel salt is that nickel nitrate, nickel acetate are or/and nickel chloride, preferably nickel nitrate;
Described pH value conditioning agent is that nitric acid, acetic acid are or/and hydrochloric acid, preferably nitric acid;
Described precipitating reagent is a urea;
Described carrier is silica, aluminium oxide or titania meterial;
The quality percentage composition of described nickel accounts for the 1-50% of catalyst gross mass.
Described preparation method, wherein, sample drying is in the air atmosphere among the step D, baking temperature is 110 ℃.
Described preparation method, wherein, the sample roasting is an air atmosphere among the step D.
Nickel catalyst carried can be applicable in the preparing hydrogen by ammonia decomposition reaction provided by the invention, its concrete reaction condition is: temperature 500-800 ℃, air speed 20000-60000ml/h.g-cat.
Provided by the invention nickel catalyst carriedly not only have advantages such as high-specific surface area, high degree of dispersion, high stability, and the particle diameter of active constituent nickel is controlled at the nanometer at 2-10, the distribution homogeneous.Simultaneously, the catalyst of this method preparation decomposes system to ammonia and does not contain the COx H-H reaction and have the active and high stability of higher catalytic decomposition.In addition, this preparation method's program is simple, and is repeatable strong.
The specific embodiment
Below by some embodiment technology of the present invention is described further
Embodiment 1
Nickel nitrate (28.2g), nitric acid (1.98g), urea (19.3g), SBA-15 (1.95g) and deionized water are hybridly prepared into the 300ml suspension, are heated to 90 ℃ then, temperature is reduced to 25 ℃ and filtration after stirring 120 minutes under this temperature conditions.With 100ml deionized water washing sample repeatedly.The sample that obtains was handled 24 hours down at 110 ℃.Drying sample was 550 ℃ of roastings 3 hours.Get the 0.1g catalyst and be placed in the quartz reactor, at 25%H 2Rise to 500 ℃ with 5 ℃/min from room temperature in the/He gaseous mixture atmosphere, and, after helium purge, feed high-purity ammon then and react this temperature-activated 5 hours.Be that the ammonia decomposition reaction result is under the reaction condition of 30000ml/h.g-cat at 600 ℃, air speed: the ammonia conversion ratio is 92.1%, the formation speed 30.8mmol/min.g of hydrogen CatActivated centre nickel particle is about 7.8 nanometers.
Embodiment 2
The mixing time of Preparation of Catalyst is 180 minutes, and other are identical with embodiment 1.Be that the ammonia decomposition reaction result is under the reaction condition of 30000ml/h.g-cat at 600 ℃, air speed: the ammonia conversion ratio is 96.2%, the formation speed 32.2mmol/min.g of hydrogen CatActivated centre nickel particle is about 7.4 nanometers.
Embodiment 3
Reduction temperature is 600 ℃, and other are identical with embodiment 2.Be that the ammonia decomposition reaction result is under the reaction condition of 30000ml/h.g-cat at 600 ℃, air speed: the ammonia conversion ratio is 100%, the formation speed 33.5mmol/min.g of hydrogen CatActivated centre nickel particle is about 5.7 nanometers.
Embodiment 4
Urea is that 25.2g, liquor capacity are 250ml, and other are identical with embodiment 1.Be that the ammonia decomposition reaction result is under the reaction condition of 30000ml/h.g-cat at 600 ℃, air speed: the ammonia conversion ratio is 97.2%, the formation speed 32.5mmol/min.g of hydrogen CatActivated centre nickel particle is about 6 nanometers.
Embodiment 5-8
Carrier is SiO successively 2, MCM-41, Al 2O 3And TiO 2, other are identical with embodiment 2.Be that ammonia decomposition reaction result and activated centre nickel particle size the results are shown in Table 1 under the reaction condition of 30000ml/h.g-cat at 600 ℃, air speed:
Table 1
Embodiment Ammonia conversion ratio (%) Formation speed (the mmol/ming of hydrogen cat) Nickel particle size (nm)
5 99 33.2 7.2
6 99.5 33.3 6.8
7 97 32.5 7.3
8 93 31.1 8
Embodiment 9
PH value conditioning agent hydrochloric acid (2.5g), carrier are SiO 2, other are identical with embodiment 2.Be that the ammonia decomposition reaction result is under the reaction condition of 30000ml/h.g-cat at 600 ℃, air speed: the ammonia conversion ratio is 96%, the formation speed 32.1mmol/min.g of hydrogen CatActivated centre nickel particle is about 8 nanometers.
Embodiment 10-11
The solubility nickel nitrate adopts nickel acetate (24.2g), nickel chloride (23g) successively, and other are identical with embodiment 2.Be that ammonia decomposition reaction result and activated centre nickel particle size the results are shown in Table 2 under the reaction condition of 30000ml/h.g-cat at 600 ℃, air speed:
Table 2
Embodiment Ammonia conversion ratio (%) Formation speed (the mmol/min.g of hydrogen cat) Nickel particle size (nm)
10 96.8 32.4 8.2
11 96.5 32.3 8.5

Claims (6)

1. one kind is used for the nickel catalyst carried preparation method of preparing hydrogen by ammonia decomposition, the steps include:
A) with soluble nickel salt, pH value conditioning agent, precipitating reagent, carrier and deionized water in regular turn according to mass ratio 5-25: 0.5-3: 5-25: 1: 50-500 is made into suspension;
B) suspension was heated to 70-110 ℃ of deposition 60-300 minute;
C) also filter water washing, filtration after above-mentioned suspension is reduced to 20-30 ℃;
D) after 80-120 ℃ of dry 18-24 hour, in 400-900 ℃ of roasting 2-6 hour;
E) at hydrogen atmosphere, perhaps in the gaseous mixture atmosphere of hydrogen and helium, in 400-900 ℃ of activation 3-5 hour, supported nanometer nickel catalyst was made in reduction;
Described soluble nickel salt is that nickel nitrate, nickel acetate are or/and nickel chloride;
Described pH value conditioning agent is that nitric acid, acetic acid are or/and hydrochloric acid;
Described precipitating reagent is a urea;
Described carrier is silica, aluminium oxide or titania meterial;
The quality percentage composition of nickel accounts for the 1-50% of catalyst gross mass.
2. preparation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, soluble nickel salt is a nickel nitrate in the steps A.
3. preparation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, pH value conditioning agent is a nitric acid among the step B.
4. preparation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, depositing temperature is 90 ℃ among the step B.
5. preparation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, sample drying is in the air atmosphere among the step D, the sample drying temperature is 110 ℃.
6. preparation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, roasting is an air atmosphere among the step D, the sample sintering temperature is 500-800 ℃.
CN2007101194714A 2007-07-25 2007-07-25 Supported type nickel catalyst for producing hydrogen from decomposition of ammonia and preparation method Active CN101352685B (en)

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CN101816938B (en) * 2009-02-27 2012-02-29 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Catalyst for preparing isopropamide by aminating acetone as well as preparation method and application thereof
JP5352323B2 (en) * 2009-04-07 2013-11-27 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Hydrogen generating apparatus and hydrogen generating method
EP2554257A4 (en) * 2010-03-31 2014-09-03 Nippon Catalytic Chem Ind Catalyst for decomposing ammonia, method for producing the catalyst and method for producing hydrogen using the catalyst
CN105451874A (en) * 2013-08-23 2016-03-30 沙特基础工业公司 Reactor comprising a plasma source and a catalyst comprising a mesoporous support material for the preparation of ethene from methane
CN103521273B (en) * 2013-10-24 2015-01-21 河南科技大学 Preparation method of micro-nano metal nickel-coated silicon dioxide catalyst
CN108854928B (en) * 2018-07-05 2020-08-25 山东理工大学 Preparation method of double-effect compact ceramic membrane reactor for ammonia decomposition hydrogen production reaction and separation
CN111215086A (en) * 2018-11-25 2020-06-02 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 Application of rare earth oxide loaded transition metal catalyst in ammonia decomposition reaction
CN111167462A (en) * 2019-12-31 2020-05-19 四川天采科技有限责任公司 Direct methanol cracking preparation of H2Catalyst, process for its preparation and its use
CN115739160B (en) * 2022-12-12 2023-07-07 中国石油大学(华东) Nickel-based efficient ammonia decomposition catalyst and preparation method thereof

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