CN101322478A - Distant hybridization method of Oncorhynchus masou and Oncorhynchus mykiss - Google Patents
Distant hybridization method of Oncorhynchus masou and Oncorhynchus mykiss Download PDFInfo
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- CN101322478A CN101322478A CNA200810136866XA CN200810136866A CN101322478A CN 101322478 A CN101322478 A CN 101322478A CN A200810136866X A CNA200810136866X A CN A200810136866XA CN 200810136866 A CN200810136866 A CN 200810136866A CN 101322478 A CN101322478 A CN 101322478A
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Abstract
A distant hybridization method of Oncorhynchus masou and Oncorhynchus mykiss relates to a distant hybridization method of cold water fishes. The invention resolves the problems of Oncorhynchus masou of nonsynchronous male and female maturing, low rate of emergence, bad adversity resistance, high mortality rate of ripe fishes after propagation, and the like, under the conditions of artificial cultivation. The steps of the inventive method are as follows: firstly, cultivations are respectively carried out, so that progenitive parents can be synchronously matured; secondly, artificial fertilization is carried out; thirdly, breeding is carried out. The method of the invention has stronger operability and good suitability, thereby avoiding the limitations of a hormone-induced method. The first filial generation of coenospecies cultivated by the invention has fast growing, tender meat, strong adversity resistance and high survival rate after cultivation, thereby having lower cultivation cost; compared with self cross of Oncorhynchus masou, the growth rate is increased by 10-15%, the survival rate is increased by 30%, the fertilization rate is above 90%, the hatchability rate is above 80%, after propagation, the mortality rate is below 8.7%, and the indexes of fleshcolor, tenderness, pH value, water loss rate and water holding capacity are all in accordance with the requirements of excellent-quality cold water fishes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cold water fishes distant hybridization method, be specifically related to a kind of mountain woman trout and rainbow trout distant hybridization method of utilizing.
Background technology
Mountain woman trout (Oncorhynchus masou masou) belongs to salmon section, salmon belongs to, and originates in Japan, and raised and train the class of breeding fish of getting married the 1950's.China was introduced by Heilungkiang aquatic products research institute in 1996, and this fish figure is natural, graceful and poised, the color elegance, and fine and tender taste, product are delicious refreshing, are subjected to treasuring of the people deeply, and the market price is higher.But the woman trout belongs to small fishes on the mountain, sexual maturity individuality little (generally having only about 300g), and support under the condition in the pond, mountain woman trout male and female maturation is asynchronous, milter is than the about two weeks of the Zao maturation of raun, thereby cause the sperm quality that ovum when insemination adopt relatively poor, propagate artificially and have under the condition that emergence rate is low, resistance is poor, breeding back parent population lethality height (parent population raun breeding back lethality reaches more than 40%, and milter reaches more than 70%).Therefore, how to solve the key point that problems such as mountain woman trout male and female are bred synchronously, resistance is poor, breeding back parent population lethality height become mountain woman trout industry health, stable, sustainable development.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to have under the condition that emergence rate is low, resistance is poor, the high problem of breeding back parent population lethality propagating artificially, and mountain woman trout and rainbow trout distant hybridization method are provided in order to solve mountain woman trout.
Mountain woman trout and rainbow trout distant hybridization method are realized by following step among the present invention: one, rainbow trout and mountain woman trout difference acclimatization culture makes rainbow trout raun and mountain woman trout milter reach the synchronism maturation; Two, extrude the female fish egg of rainbow trout and put into the insemination basin, again mountain woman trout milter seminal fluid is clamp-oned and be equipped with in the ovum insemination basin, evenly stirred 1 minute fast with soft, clean feather, adding the hatching water then placed 1～2 minute, use unnecessary seminal fluid of clear water flush away and damaged ovum skin afterwards, obtain fertilized egg; Three, fertilized egg is put into the hatching water and is left standstill and treated sclerosis of abundant imbibition, egg membrane and high resilience in 30～40 minutes, pack into then and carry out the flowing water hatching in the hatching pail, the water temperature of hatching water is 4～13 ℃, lucifuge in the hatching process, and keep that water quality is pure and fresh, pH value is 6～8, current are unobstructed, the dissolved oxygen amount of hatching water is 5～9mg/L, and sterilize with the formalin solution of 600ppm every day, disinfecting time is 15 minutes, promptly finishes mountain woman trout and rainbow trout distant hybridization behind the prelarva membrane.
The domestication and culture method step of mountain woman trout is as follows in the step 1: rise August mountain woman trout milter and raun are separately fed, mountain woman trout milter is except that normal reception solar radiation, increased artificial lighting every night 3～5 hours, mountain woman trout raun was controlled at 8～10 hours/day when adopting covering method at sunshine, and the fish-egg after fertilization keeps back 1/3 fry that goes up in the floating seedling and cultivates.The domestication and culture method step of rainbow trout is as follows in the step 1: it is 8～10 hours/day that late August is played control rainbow trout light application time, and the fish-egg after fertilization keeps preceding 1/3 fry that goes up in the floating seedling and cultivates.
Method operability of the present invention is strong, suitability is good, has avoided the limitation of hormone induction method.The hybrid seed generation growth that the present invention cultivates is fast, fine and tender taste, strong stress resistance, breed back survival rate height, aquaculture cost is relatively low, compare growth rate with mountain woman trout selfing and improve 10～15%, survival rate improves 30%, fertilization rate is more than 90%, incubation rate is more than 80%, lethality is lower than 8.7%, and yellowish pink, tender degree, pH value, dehydration power and be that the waterpower index all meets high-quality cold water fish quality requirements, the dehydration power of hybridization fish and be that the waterpower index all is better than rainbow trout and mountain woman trout.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: present embodiment mountain woman trout and rainbow trout distant hybridization method are realized by following step: one, rainbow trout and mountain woman trout is tamed cultivation respectively, makes rainbow trout raun and mountain woman trout milter reach the synchronism maturation; Two, extrude the female fish egg of rainbow trout and put into the insemination basin, again mountain woman trout milter seminal fluid is clamp-oned and be equipped with in the ovum insemination basin, evenly stir fast with soft, clean feather, smart ovum is fully contacted, adding the hatching water then placed 1～2 minute, use unnecessary seminal fluid of clear water flush away and damaged ovum skin afterwards, obtain fertilized egg; Three, fertilized egg put into the hatching water left standstill 30～40 minutes, treat abundant imbibition, egg membrane sclerosis and high resilience, pack into then and carry out the flowing water hatching in the hatching pail, the water temperature of hatching water is 4～13 ℃, lucifuge in the hatching process, and keep that water quality is pure and fresh, the pH value is 6～8, current are unobstructed, the dissolved oxygen amount of hatching water is 5～9mg/L, and sterilize with the formalin solution of 600ppm every day, and disinfecting time is 15 minutes, promptly finishes mountain woman trout and rainbow trout distant hybridization behind the prelarva membrane.
The hatching water that present embodiment adopts is through the underground artesian spring water that filters, and concrete water quality index is: Fe 0.261mg/L, suspension: 2.6mg/L, NH
4 +-N:0.461mg/L, nitrite: 0.00374mg/L.The present embodiment method obtains the fertilization rate of crossbreed more than 90%, incubation rate is more than 80%, lethality is lower than 8.7%, and fast growth, compare growth rate with mountain woman trout selfing and improve 10～15% (seeing Table 1), female-male proportion is about 1: 1 in the crossbreed generation that the present embodiment method is cultivated.
Table 1 hatching back prelarva growth in 150 days information slip
| Kind | Fork long (cm) | Body weight (g) |
| The rainbow trout selfing | 5.71±0.66 | 2.15±0.65 |
| Mountain woman trout selfing | 5.68±0.58 | 1.90±0.56 |
| The crossbreed that the present embodiment method obtains | 6.04±0.19 | 2.77±0.96 |
Adopt the muscle quality comparison of following experiment to rainbow trout, mountain woman trout and present embodiment method crossbreed, particular content is as follows:
Fish use in experiment: rainbow trout, mountain woman trout and present embodiment method crossbreed (rainbow trout ♀ * mountain woman trout ♂) be the Bohai Sea cold water fish experiment cultivation of Heilungkiang aquatic products research institute two age fish, the experiment fish condition of raising during outdoor cultivation is consistent substantially, be 10m * 2m * 0.5m (cement pit of L * W * H), each pond fish bait of the same race of throwing something and feeding, it is identical that rate is raised in throwing, and each 30 tail of test fish of getting the specification basically identical experimentize.
Experimental technique:
1, sampling method
Get rainbow trout, mountain woman trout, each 30 tail of present embodiment method crossbreed respectively, scale, remove the peel post-sampling at position below the dorsal fin, above the vertebrae.Tender degree and percentage of water loss are sampled with sampler; Muscle yellowish pink, PH is got the muscle of fish body homonymy dorsal fin below, spinal bone top.Every tail position that fish is got requires consistent.
2, Rou Se mensuration
Yellowish pink measuring instrument shows colour difference meter DF-400 for the daily output numeral, and the expression mode of parameter is: brightness (1 value), red degree (a value), yellow degree (b value).Earlier with chromascope correcting plate standardization, then camera lens is vertically placed on the meat sample during use, the tight-lipped braised pork face of camera lens (can not light leak) is pressed the shooting knob, writes down colorimetric parameter, and recording occurring continuously 3 secondary data are calculated its mean value.
3, the mensuration of tender degree
The digital display type muscle tender degree device C-LM of engineering college of Northeast Agricultural University development is adopted in the measurement of tender degree
3Type.Be 1.27cm with diameter during measurement, length be the circular sampler of 1.5cm along vertebrae direction drilling meat sample piece, reject between flesh and sting, the muscle tender degree device is measured shear force value immediately, each meat sample is sheared 3 times, calculating mean value.
4, the mensuration of pH value
The mensuration of pH value adopts Switzerland product OETA320 type acidometer to carry out.Get muscle of back 5g, reject to sting between flesh and shred, put in the homogenate pipe, adding distil water 10ml immediately, homogenate 10min extracts supernatant, measure the pH value with acidometer (measuring preceding with PH4 and the correction of PH7 titer), every fish is repeated 2 times, and it is preceding clean with distilled water flushing to measure next sample.
5, the mensuration of percentage of water loss
What the mensuration of percentage of water loss adopted is that the strain-type that Nanjing Soil Apparatus Factory produces does not have the confining pressure instrument, the WW-2A type.During measurement, use diameter to be 3.0cm, length is that the circular sampler of 1.0cm is perpendicular to axon direction drilling meat sample piece, with the electronic analytical balance (W that weighs
1), the meat sample is clipped in the middle of the gauze, respectively fill up 16 metafiltration paper up and down, the filter paper skin is respectively put a rigid plastics backing plate, places steel loop to allow on the dilatometer platform then, and pressurization 68.66kPa. also keeps 5min, removes the heavy (W of meat sample that measures immediately behind the pressure after pressing
2), by percentage of water loss (%)=(W
1-W
2)/W
1* 100% formula calculates.
6, be the mensuration of waterpower
Measure the water content (A) of each meat sample with the sample after the survey percentage of water loss, put in the insulating box and (before the baking training ware of setting-out product is dried), 55 ℃ of baking 24h, place moisture regain 24h in the drying basin, value differs 0.0067g (much smaller than the standard of 0.5g) before and after this experiment, dry by the fire 2h again and get final product, and utilize the percentage of water loss measurement result to calculate fluid loss (B), then by being waterpower (%)=(W
1A-W
1B)/W
1A * 100% formula calculates.
7, data are handled
Adopt Microsoft Excel 2003 and SPSS 12.0 statistical softwares that the result is carried out data statistic analysis, Dunean method and Test method are adopted in significance test.
Above-mentioned result of experiment sees Table 2.
Table 2
Table 3
| Kind | The pH value | Dehydration power (%) | Be waterpower (%) | Tender degree (kg.f) |
| Rainbow trout | 6.300±0.209 | 25.031±0.205 | 96.707±0.004 | 12.772±1.566 |
| Mountain woman trout | 6.127±0.162 | 27.460±0.282 | 98.003±0.214 | 4.318±1.219 |
| The crossbreed that the present embodiment method obtains | 6.171±0.122 | 27.997±0.312 | 98.423±0.030 | 5.700±1.293 |
By table 2 and 3 as seen, the gained result shows present embodiment method crossbreed yellowish pink between rainbow trout and mountain woman trout parent, and its tender degree and mountain woman trout parent difference is remarkable (p＞0.05) not, and is much better than rainbow trout (p＜0.01).The yellowish pink of present embodiment method crossbreed, tender degree, pH value, dehydration power and be that the waterpower index all meets high-quality cold water fish quality requirements, meat is better, the dehydration power of crossbreed and be that the waterpower index all is better than rainbow trout and mountain woman trout (p＜0.01).
Embodiment two: what present embodiment and embodiment one were different is: the domestication and culture method step of mountain woman trout is as follows in the step 1: rise August mountain woman trout milter and raun are separated nursing, mountain woman trout milter is except that normal reception solar radiation, increased artificial lighting every night 3～5 hours, mountain woman trout raun was controlled at 8～10 hours/day when adopting covering method at sunshine, and the fish-egg after fertilization keeps back 1/3 fry that goes up in the floating seedling and cultivates.Other is identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment three: what present embodiment and embodiment two were different is: mountain woman trout continuous domestication is cultivated 3～6 generations in the step 1.Other is identical with embodiment two.
Embodiment four: what present embodiment and embodiment one were different is: the domestication and culture method step of rainbow trout is as follows in the step 1: it is 8～10 hours/day that late August is played control rainbow trout light application time, and the fish-egg after fertilization keeps preceding 1/3 fry that goes up in the floating seedling and cultivates.Other is identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment five: what present embodiment and embodiment four were different is: the rainbow trout continuous domestication is cultivated 3～6 generations in the step 1.Other is identical with embodiment four.
Embodiment six: what present embodiment and embodiment four were different is: the rainbow trout raun is chosen in the step 1 is the rainbow trout raun that lays eggs for the 2nd time.Other is identical with embodiment four.
Embodiment seven: what present embodiment and embodiment one were different is: step 1 rainbow trout raun breeding parent for body weight surpass average weight 15%～20% or more, breed the time ratio large group on average the breeding time rainbow trout raun that shifts to an earlier date 10～20 days obtain the rainbow trout raun.Other is identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment eight: what present embodiment and embodiment one were different is: in the step 1 mountain woman trout milter breeding parent for color elegance, samlet spot obviously, breeding back survival more than 60 days, body weight surpass average weight 15%～20% or more, breeding time ratio large group is on average bred the women trout milter in 10～20 days mountain of time retardation.Other is identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment nine: present embodiment with embodiment once different is: fertilized egg is put into the abundant imbibition in 30～40 minutes of hatching water, egg membrane sclerosis and high resilience in the step 3.Other is identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment ten: what present embodiment and embodiment one were different is: the water temperature of hatching water is 6～11 ℃ in the step 3.Other is identical with embodiment one.
The present embodiment water temperature more helps hatching.
Embodiment 11: what present embodiment and embodiment one were different is: the water temperature of hatching water is 9 ℃ in the step 3.Other is identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment 12: what present embodiment and embodiment one were different is: the flow velocity of hatching water is 0.3 * 10 in the step 3
-3m
3.s
-1～0.4 * 10
-3m
3.s
-1Other is identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment 13: what present embodiment and embodiment one were different is: the flow velocity of hatching water is 0.34 * 10 in the step 3
-3m
3.s
-1Other is identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment 14: what present embodiment and embodiment one were different is: the dissolved oxygen amount of hatching water is 6～8mg/L in the step 3.Other is identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment 15: what present embodiment and embodiment one were different is: the dissolved oxygen amount of hatching water is 7mg/L in the step 3.Other is identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment 16: what present embodiment and embodiment one were different is: the pH value of hatching water is 6.5～7.5 in the step 3.Other is identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment 17: what present embodiment and embodiment one were different is: the pH value of hatching water is 7 in the step 3.Other is identical with embodiment one.
Claims (10)
1, mountain woman trout and rainbow trout distant hybridization method is characterized in that mountain woman trout realized by following step with the rainbow trout distant hybridization method: one, the women trout difference in rainbow trout and mountain acclimatization culture, thereby realization rainbow trout raun and mountain women trout milter synchronism maturation; Two, extrude the female fish egg of rainbow trout and put into the insemination basin, again mountain woman trout milter seminal fluid is clamp-oned and be equipped with in the ovum insemination basin, made the abundant combination of smart ovum in 1 minute with even fast stirring of soft, clean feather, add the placement of hatching water then and use unnecessary seminal fluid of clear water flush away and damaged ovum skin after 1～2 minute, obtain fertilized egg; Three, fertilized egg was put into the hatching water 30～40 minutes, treat abundant imbibition, egg membrane sclerosis and high resilience, pack into then and carry out the flowing water hatching in the hatching pail, the hatching water temperature is 4～13 ℃, lucifuge in the hatching process, and keep that water quality is pure and fresh, the pH value is 6～8, current are unobstructed, dissolved oxygen amount is 5～9mg/L, and sterilize with the formalin solution of 600ppm every day, and disinfecting time is 15 minutes, promptly finishes mountain woman trout and rainbow trout distant hybridization behind the prelarva membrane.
2, mountain woman trout according to claim 1 and rainbow trout distant hybridization method, the domestication and culture method step that it is characterized in that mountain woman trout in the step 1 is as follows: late August rises mountain woman trout milter and raun is separately fed, mountain woman trout milter is except that normal reception solar radiation, increased artificial lighting every night 3～5 hours, mountain woman trout raun was controlled at 8～10 hours/day when adopting covering method at sunshine, and selfing fish-egg after fertilization keeps back 1/3 fry that goes up in the floating seedling and cultivates.
3, mountain woman trout according to claim 2 and rainbow trout distant hybridization method is characterized in that mountain woman trout continuous domestication is cultivated 3～6 generations in the step 1.
4, mountain woman trout according to claim 1 and rainbow trout distant hybridization method, the domestication and culture method step that it is characterized in that rainbow trout in the step 1 is as follows: it is 8～10 hours/day that late August is played control rainbow trout light application time, and selfing fish-egg after fertilization keeps preceding 1/3 fry that goes up in the floating seedling and cultivates.
5, mountain woman trout according to claim 4 and rainbow trout distant hybridization method is characterized in that the rainbow trout continuous domestication is cultivated 3～6 generations in the step 1.
6, mountain according to claim 4 woman trout and rainbow trout distant hybridization method is characterized in that rainbow trout raun in the step 1 will choose the parent population that lays eggs for the 2nd time.
7, mountain woman trout according to claim 1 and rainbow trout distant hybridization method, the water temperature that it is characterized in that the hatching water of step 3 is 6～11 ℃.
8, mountain woman trout according to claim 1 and rainbow trout distant hybridization method is characterized in that the flow velocity of hatching water in the step 3 hatching process is 0.3 * 10
-3m
3.s
-1～0.4 * 10
-3m
3.s
-1.
9, mountain woman trout according to claim 1 and rainbow trout distant hybridization method is characterized in that the dissolved oxygen amount of hatching water in the step 3 hatching process is 6～8mg/L.
10, mountain woman trout according to claim 1 and rainbow trout distant hybridization method is characterized in that the pH value of hatching water in the step 3 hatching process is 6.5～7.5.
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| CN101322478B CN101322478B (en) | 2011-08-17 |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102524138A (en) * | 2012-02-22 | 2012-07-04 | 福建省水产研究所 | Breeding method for selfing prior to hybridizing of whiteleg shrimp populations |
| CN102919177A (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2013-02-13 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | Breeding method of masu salmons |
| CN102972326A (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-03-20 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | Method for breeding Oncorhynchus masou masou |
| CN103348937A (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2013-10-16 | 句容市句容水库管理所 | Artificial propagation method for squaliobarbus curriculus |
| CN104186375A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-12-10 | 北京渤海冷水鱼养殖专业合作社 | Breeding method of rainbow trout |
| CN106172094A (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2016-12-07 | 四川省农业科学院水产研究所 | A kind of hatching method of acipenser dabryanus fish roe |
| CN106857331A (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2017-06-20 | 保定市水产技术推广站 | Seven color salmon maturation control methods synchronous with rainbow trout parent population |
| CN110973018A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-04-10 | 镇江水中仙渔业发展有限公司 | Culture method for improving meat quality of sturgeons |
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| CN102524138A (en) * | 2012-02-22 | 2012-07-04 | 福建省水产研究所 | Breeding method for selfing prior to hybridizing of whiteleg shrimp populations |
| CN102919177A (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2013-02-13 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | Breeding method of masu salmons |
| CN102972326A (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-03-20 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | Method for breeding Oncorhynchus masou masou |
| CN103348937A (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2013-10-16 | 句容市句容水库管理所 | Artificial propagation method for squaliobarbus curriculus |
| CN103348937B (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2015-12-02 | 句容市句容水库管理所 | The artificial fecundation method of a kind of cute conjunctivitis trout |
| CN104186375A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-12-10 | 北京渤海冷水鱼养殖专业合作社 | Breeding method of rainbow trout |
| CN106172094A (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2016-12-07 | 四川省农业科学院水产研究所 | A kind of hatching method of acipenser dabryanus fish roe |
| CN106857331A (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2017-06-20 | 保定市水产技术推广站 | Seven color salmon maturation control methods synchronous with rainbow trout parent population |
| CN106857331B (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2020-05-12 | 保定市水产技术推广站 | Synchronous maturation control method for parent fish of rainbow trout |
| CN110036950B (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2021-07-30 | 青岛农业大学 | Artificial crossbreeding method for mariculture of rainbow trout |
| CN110973018A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-04-10 | 镇江水中仙渔业发展有限公司 | Culture method for improving meat quality of sturgeons |
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