CN101317522B - From wild plant into domestic cultivation and large area cultivation method for ebimexedi idica - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field for planting Chinese medicinal material GAP, in particular to a planting method of Chinese medicinal material for planting in large areas and changing the wild Chinese medicinal material into cultivated Chinese medicinal material with wide divaricate saposhnikovia root. The planting method comprises: seed selecting, seedling raising and cultivating, best planting period, planting density, fertilizing method, diseases and insect pests control method, field management, best harvesting period and harvesting method, seed harvesting and storage method. The wide divaricate saposhnikovia medicinal material planted by the method has high survival, stable quality of the medicinal material, no pesticide residue and pollution, no heavy metal or low heavy metal content, is easy for quality control when being generalized and planted in large areas, and is the green Chinese medicinal material which complies with the international standard.

Description

The kind method for planting with establishing in large scale is planted by wide windproof wild change man

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of kind method for planting of traditional Chinese medicine, relate in particular to a kind of wide windproof wild change man and plant kind method for planting with establishing in large scale.

Background technology

Extensively windproof (Chinese Plants will), be commonly called as Indian Epimeredi Herb (or soil is windproof) (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou), dirty grass (Guangdong, Guangxi), herba agastachis rugosae (Guangdong, Guizhou), the clothing of failing, air draft grass pig is signed careless Jia pig and is signed, stinkweed, smear grass, prosperous grass, honeywort (Guangdong), smelly dirty grass, nine floors, seven grass (Guangxi), wild mint, pig fiber crops grass (Fujian), wild Soviet Union, wild purple perilla (Sichuan), leprosy is breathed out ant (Yunnan), be labiate, latin name Epimeredi indica (L.) Rothm.-Anisomeles indica (L.) 0.Ktze-A.ouata R.Brown, list " Chinese medicine voluminous dictionary " in, go through an edition NF and do not record as yet.It has and expels pathogenic wind from the body surface, and the regulating qi-flowing for relieving pain function is used for cold, fever, rheumatic arthritis, stomachache, gastroenteritis; Skin eczema is controlled in external application, neurodermatitis, worm snake bite, carbuncle pyogenic infections from tumour or sore.Along with people deepen continuously to the research of Chinese traditional Chinese medicine material, wide windproof its medical value in recent years has new discovery again, and it is day by day exhausted that wild wide windproof herb resource has further been quickened in the exploitation of new drug.

Summary of the invention

In order to overcome the deficiency of existing wild wide anti-wind-resources, the invention provides a kind of wide windproof wild change man and plant kind method for planting with establishing in large scale, and make extensively windproof that artificial planting comes out, quality of medicinal material is stable, non agricultural chemical residuum, pollution-free, heavy metal free or content of beary metal are extremely low, meet the healthful Chinese crud drug quality of international standard fully.

Embodiment:

The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: the kind method for planting with establishing in large scale is planted by a kind of wide windproof wild change man, and its feature is as follows:

(1) plantation and establishing in large scale be planted, be disperseed to wide windproof medicinal material can by wild change man.Comprise seed selection, seedling cultivation, best planting period, plantation density, fertilizing method, pest control method, field management, optimal harvest time and the way of gathering, seed collection and storage practice.The wide windproof medicinal material survival rate height of the present invention plantation, quality of medicinal material is stable, and non agricultural chemical residuum, pollution-free, heavy metal free or content of beary metal are low, are easy to quality control during the large tracts of land popularizing planting, are the healthful Chinese crud drugs that meets international standard.

(2) seed selection:

Select growth strong in the open air, the wild wide windproof breeding that the property of medicine is good; And select for use outward appearance full complete, glossy, the seed that no damage by disease and insect, nothing are gone rotten.

(3) cultivate rice shoot

Seed treatment: soup or clear water soak and the agricultural chemicals seed dressing.

Sowing time: the January 3-6 month or December to next year.

Rice seedling bed sowing quantity: more than the 10g/ mu.

Prepare in the seedbed: select loosing soil, well-drained arable land or hillside, seedbed furrow face width 1-1.5m, the high 20-50cm of furrow.

Sowing: broadcast sowing or drilling after seed and ash, fine earth stir, cover or adopt the Seedling-cultivation device sowing again with fine earth.

Young plants management: after planting furrow face cover film or straw, reed dustpan, the seed germination recession removes.Water before and after emerging always, keep ground moistening.

Thinning: thinning for the first time is after leaf occurs, and thinning for the second time is more than height of seedling 4cm, and thinning is for the third time carried out in conjunction with final singling when 8 leaves.

Topdress: begin to spray urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor or liquid farmyard manure after emerging, execute 1-3 time.

The extermination of disease and insect pest: seedbed Bordeaux's solution or disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate, occurring fungal disease after emerging can prevent and treat with bactericide agricultural chemicals such as tpns.

(4) plantation

1. transplant planting method

The selection draining is good, sunny, loosing soil is ploughed or hillside, applies well-rotted farmyard manure or chemical fertilizer, the 10-35cm that turns over, and the long 8-20m of every furrow, wide 0.9-1.5m, high 20-30cm are about furrow furrow width 30cm.In the 3-6 month or plantation in January December to next year, spacing in the rows and line-spacing can make up at 30cm-80cm according to furrow face size.Apply ash or phosphate fertilizer after digging cave or trench digging, plant into rice shoot, the maintenance ground moistening waters.

2. direct sowing method plantation

Seed sprouting carries out field planting thinning, spacing in the rows 30cm-80cm after 30 days.

(5) field management

Intertill and clean tillage with topdress: carried out 1-6 time intertill and clean tillage in 1 year; Topdress 1-6 time.

Training: plant height reaches more than the 60cm, after fine dew receipts are done, extracts the cane of liftoff 3-4 joint; Carry out 1-3 time beating bud to the non-strain of reserving seed for planting flowering stage; The plant that will wither winter is surgeried, and keeps the medicine root.

Irrigation and drainage and antifreeze: adopt furrow irrigation or pouring during arid; Waterlogging time rainy day surpasses 3 days and should dig trenches to drain the water away; Antifreeze winter the medicine root is covered.

The extermination of disease and insect pest:

1. seedling disease: with 50% carbendazim or water seed soaking with 50% carbendazim or seed dressing when suitable happy.

2. fungal disease: acute anthrax is with 400-800 times of liquid spraying of thiophanate methyl dilution, spray in every 3-7 days once, continuous 3 times.Root rot is watered the disease cave with quicklime, or sprays with 100-600 times of liquid of synthesizing fungicides such as mancozeb dilution, and 5-7 days once, 2-3 time continuously.

3. silver-colored mosquito noctuid: spray time, Ku Long or moth bell speed and chrysanthemum lipid agricultural chemicals such as kill.

4. grub: organophosphorus insecticides such as dispensing phoxim.

5. aphid, cabbage caterpillar: spray 1000 times of organophosphorus insecticides such as liquid of 40% Rogor.

(6) medicinal material (herb) is gathered

Picking time: the cauline leaf part is gathered annual winter, and 2 years later 11-12 months of root gather.

Collecting method: cauline leaf part is with machine or manually cut, and root is with machine or manually excavate, and excavates degree of depth 30-50cm.

(7) preliminary working and storage

Preliminary working: clean earth, dry, reject the residual stem of medicine root, damage by worms and mildew and rot part, section; The cauline leaf segment.Sieve behind the medicinal material drying and blow inspection, with cleaning, nontoxic packaging bags.

The medicinal material storage: be housed in ventilation, drying, lucifuge, normal temperature is not higher than 30 ℃, the warehouse of relative moisture 60-75%, medicinal material safe moisture scope 8%-15%.

(8) reserve seed for planting and seed storage

Cultivating seeds: healthy and strong, few disease, root prosperity are answered in plant left to run to seed; 8-9 month sprayed boric fertilizer, little fertilizer and 0.3% potash fertilizer mixed liquor are once.

Seed collection: during seed maturity, select to grow fine the giving birth to then or the perennial medicinal material plant left to run to seed seed of gathering of no damage by disease and insect.When gathering ripe inflorescence is cut, threshing or directly ripe inflorescence is placed in the container such as bucket and shake off seed, screening is dried.

Seed storage:, place 4 ℃ of-10 ℃ of refrigerators storages with nontoxic, free of contamination plastic bag packaging seed; Or pack seed with nontoxic, free of contamination woven bag, place the indoor lucifuge storage of air drying.

Advantage of the present invention, characteristics and beneficial effect are: 1, the wide windproof requirement to growing environment and growth conditions of wide windproof planting technology and combination, be well suited for implementing at southern area and forest zone, be particluarly suitable for the Gan Nan of Jiangxi Province development, i.e. enforcement of the present invention has feasibility; 2, plantation program is simple: wide windproof plantation is basically not many with plantation field crop difference, its main program has: management, sick anti-is asked in selection of land, seed selection, sowing, field, just gathered in the crops afterwards, therefore, be well suited for the independent management of worker and family members or individual artificial unit; 3, less investment, with short production cycle, the type of instant effect; 5, nucleus estate, big market: wide windproof genus encyclopaedia herbaceos perennial, this medicinal material have and expel pathogenic wind from the body surface, and the regulating qi-flowing for relieving pain function is used for cold, fever, rheumatic arthritis, stomachache, gastroenteritis; Skin eczema is controlled in external application, neurodermatitis, worm snake bite, carbuncle pyogenic infections from tumour or sore effect. For many years, domestic each Chinese patent drug factory has required to wide windproof medicinal material always, especially in recent years, some countries and regions, Southeast Asia such as Singapore, Malaysia, Taiwan, Hong Kong are generally had an optimistic view of it, buy from China one after another, sales volume rises year by year, price is considerable, it seems now, wide windproof medicinal material market potential is bigger, development prospect is wide, truly has the potentiality in abortion sparetime university market.

Claims (1)

1. the kind method for planting with establishing in large scale is planted by the wide windproof wild change of traditional Chinese medicine man, and its feature is as follows:

(1) wide windproof medicinal material is planted and establishing in large scale by wild change man, comprises seed selection, seedling cultivation, best planting period, plantation density, fertilizing method, pest control method, field management, optimal harvest time and the way of gathering, seed collection and storage practice;

(2) seed selection:

Select growth strong in the open air, the wild wide windproof breeding that the property of medicine is good; And select for use outward appearance full complete, glossy, the seed that no damage by disease and insect, nothing are gone rotten;

(3) cultivate rice shoot

Seed treatment: soup or clear water soak and the agricultural chemicals seed dressing;

Sowing time: the January 3-6 month or December to next year;

Rice seedling bed sowing quantity: more than the 10g/ mu;

Prepare in the seedbed: select loosing soil, well-drained arable land or hillside, seedbed furrow face width 1-1.5m, the high 20-50cm of furrow;

Sowing: broadcast sowing or drilling after seed and ash, fine earth stir, cover or adopt the Seedling-cultivation device sowing again with fine earth; Young plants management: after planting furrow face cover film or straw, reed dustpan, the seed germination recession removes, and waters before and after emerging always, keeps ground moistening;

Thinning: thinning for the first time is after leaf occurs, and thinning for the second time is more than height of seedling 4cm, and thinning is for the third time carried out in conjunction with final singling when 8 leaves;

Topdress: begin to spray urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor or liquid farmyard manure after emerging, execute 1-3 time;

The extermination of disease and insect pest: the seedbed fungal disease occurs after emerging and prevents and treats with tpn with Bordeaux's solution or disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate;

(4) plantation

1. transplant planting method

The selection draining is good, sunny, loosing soil is ploughed or hillside, apply well-rotted farmyard manure or chemical fertilizer, 10-35cm turns over, the long 8-20m of every furrow, wide 0.9-1.5m, high 20-30cm are about furrow furrow width 30cm, in the 3-6 month or plantation in January December to next year, spacing in the rows and line-spacing make up at 30cm-80cm according to furrow face size, apply ash or phosphate fertilizer after digging cave or trench digging, plant into rice shoot, the maintenance ground moistening waters;

2. direct sowing method plantation

Seed sprouting carries out field planting thinning, spacing in the rows 30cm-80cm after 30 days;

(5) field management

Intertill and clean tillage with topdress: carried out 1-6 time intertill and clean tillage in 1 year; Topdress 1-6 time;

Training: plant height reaches more than the 60cm, after fine dew receipts are done, extracts the cane of liftoff 3-4 joint; Carry out 1-3 time beating bud to the non-strain of reserving seed for planting flowering stage; The plant that will wither winter is surgeried, and keeps the medicine root;

Irrigation and drainage and antifreeze: adopt furrow irrigation or pouring during arid; Waterlogging time rainy day surpasses 3 days and should dig trenches to drain the water away; Antifreeze winter the medicine root is covered;

The extermination of disease and insect pest:

1. seedling disease: with 50% carbendazim or water seed soaking with 50% carbendazim or seed dressing when suitable happy;

2. fungal disease: acute anthrax is with 400-800 times of liquid spraying of thiophanate methyl dilution, spray in every 3-7 days once, continuous 3 times, root rot is watered the disease cave with quicklime, or dilute 100-600 times of liquid with the mancozeb synthesizing fungicide and spray, 5-7 days are once, 2-3 time continuously;

3. silver-colored mosquito noctuid: spray time, Ku Long or moth bell speed and kill;

4. grub: dispensing phoxim;

5. aphid, cabbage caterpillar: spray 1000 times of liquid of 40% Rogor;

(6) the medicinal material herb is gathered

Picking time: the cauline leaf part is gathered annual winter, and 2 years later 11-12 months of root gather;

Collecting method: cauline leaf part is with machine or manually cut, and root is with machine or manually excavate, and excavates degree of depth 30-50cm;

(7) preliminary working and storage

Preliminary working: clean earth, dry, reject the residual stem of medicine root, damage by worms and mildew and rot part, section; The cauline leaf segment is sieved behind the medicinal material drying and is blown inspection, with cleaning, nontoxic packaging bags;

The medicinal material storage: be housed in ventilation, drying, lucifuge, normal temperature is not higher than 30 ℃, the warehouse of relative moisture 60-75%, medicinal material safe moisture scope 8%-15%;

(8) reserve seed for planting and seed storage

Cultivating seeds: healthy and strong, few disease, root prosperity are answered in plant left to run to seed; 8-9 month sprayed boric fertilizer, little fertilizer and 0.3% potash fertilizer mixed liquor are once;

Seed collection: during seed maturity, select to grow fine, giving birth to then or the perennial medicinal material plant left to run to seed seed of gathering of no damage by disease and insect when gathering cut ripe inflorescence, threshing or directly ripe inflorescence is placed and shake off seed in the bucket, and screening is dried;

Seed storage:, place 4 ℃ of-10 ℃ of refrigerators storages with nontoxic, free of contamination plastic bag packaging seed; Or pack seed with nontoxic, free of contamination woven bag, place the indoor lucifuge storage of air drying.