CN101269521A - Method and apparatus for precast and framed block element construction - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for pre-casting and constructing structure of a block unit, which serves to forming stacked casting of reinforced concrete building block, the method comprises the steps of: casting the block in a planar direction by placing a release agent on a casting surface and temporarily fixing a template on the casting surface; arranging reinforcing steel bars within the template and supplying wet concrete to the template so as to cast a first block and casting the first block in a planar direction onto the current casting surface; locally solidifying the first block; removing the template from the first block; casting a second block in a planar direction by placing the release agent on a first assembly and temporarily fixing the template on the first block; arranging reinforcing steel bars within the template and supplying wet concrete to the template so as to cast a second block and casting the second block onto the top of the first block.

Description

The method that is used for precast and framework building block cellular construction

The application is, and to be " on October 8th, 2003 ", application number the applying date be " 200380104297.6 ", denomination of invention dividing an application for the application for a patent for invention of " method and apparatus that is used for precast and framework building block cellular construction ".

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of building system, this system comprises the building block of precast structural construction and precast or framed floor, wall and roof building block, produces those building block combinations of construction unit, the invention still further relates to manufacturing, assembling, decomposition and the reconstruct of those building blocks.

Background technology

The various types structure that comprises timber-framed building thing, steel framed building thing and xoncrete structure is known in the prior art.

Cost is depended in decision-making to most of structural design in conventional practice; Structural engineer to most civil engineering has applied huge pressure, makes cost minimization, also will bear the primary liability of guaranteeing safety of structure simultaneously.In many buildings, these pressure tend to make construction minimizes.When structure is subjected to rare but during huge load, this trend may be very unfortunate, wherein this load can not reasonably be incorporated in the statistics loading rule of being formulated by building laws.

Therefore, except realizing by means of the safety coefficient that requires, providing under the big marginal capacity situation, the structure of construction usually is designed to resist the rules and regulations load safely with there is no need.By building the structural capacity that surpasses those requirements significantly to provide,, aspect the functional and versatility of this building structure, produce new chance to bear the minimum load that building laws requires.

The structural design of common construction usually manages to concentrate strength on saving spendable floor space, and relies on secondary lateral support system, as diagonal brace or shear wall, so that this Stability Analysis of Structures.Pass by bar structure power wittingly that making distributes obtains advantage on the wide substrate of supporting surface upper stress minimum.

The tradition construction generally includes or with form work engineering cast-in-site structure inhibition and costliness, perhaps comprises interconnection rod or plate framework, and wherein this interconnection rod or plate framework rely on diagonal angle support or the shear wall that is used for lateral stability.Because many tradition constructions are unstable inherently when the structure of this structure dividing plate and lateral support system is finished, therefore, during the short relatively construction time, and in representing the completed construction thing of service life, to compare, structural failure is more common.

Usually the cross-brace and the pillar that need in the tradition construction form the construction site obstacle that causes many construction accidents.Because tradition construction generally includes the scene assembling of the parts that can lift and carry by one or two workman, therefore, the construction of exterior wall and roof needs overhead huge labour far away usually; This may cause the danger that falls, and should danger produce the most fatal scene injury.

When the tradition construction utilizes large component, for example adopt the construction of canting wall, the lifting time of consume expensive remains on the appropriate location to those parts usually, and lateral stay and supporting member and connector are installed simultaneously; This just requires to make before discharging hoisting line parts stable.Desirablely be that utilizing does not need interim support and pillar and the system of the independent stabilizing component that the lifting time obtains effectively utilizing is built.

In the situation of concrete structure or concrete bent construction, usually, construction unit or for example with dull and stereotyped or with crossbeam and flat concrete slab cast on-site, for example use the inclined wall structure prefabricated at the scene perhaps for example comes prefabricated at the scene outward with precast slab, tee girder and wall building block.The most significant fabric structure is to build according to unique design, and this unique design is the result of design specialist personnel teamwork; The design of given building is unique usually for engineering.There is the challenge of reality in the design of unique engineering for the design specialist personnel under continuous increase time, budget and responsibility pressure; In addition, also great burden is pressed on one's body the builder, and this builder must annotate and build uniqueness and complex engineering from prove incomplete drawing and specification inevitably.Special wish to introduce such building system, wherein this system makes design have flexibility, simultaneously in design with construct and obviously simplify among both.This can realize by means of the matching block tool set that expands.

Be used for concrete cast-in-site structure and use the expense and the delay of cast-in-site requirement built on-site cast concrete template.Desirablely be, such xoncrete structure unit is provided, wherein this xoncrete structure unit can be otherwise or pile up under scene or the factory's slave mode or mass-produced.

Inclined wall construction has some advantages in precast wall unit, but has the constructing in advance with the shortcoming as the casting surface of wall building block of concrete slab that the classification of requirement large tracts of land supports.The inclined wall construction also requires to utilize interim the support during assembling process, so that wall is held in place, is fixed on this wall up to other construction unit.Desirablely be, such pre-cast concrete structures unit is provided, wherein do not utilizing under the interim support situation, this pre-cast concrete structures unit can be assembled into various construction units and refining building.

For example the concrete segment of cinder block is usually with relative small blocks setting, and this needs the big mortar assembly of labour intensity to form wall and member.Desirablely be, bigger construction unit is provided, wherein this construction unit can be under not extensive use mortar or adhesive case, and cast-in-site in stacking (stack) perhaps is assembled into structural form miscellaneous together with transported on trucks to the building site.

In case finish traditional construction, the modification of refining building or removal generally include destructive the dismounting.Common way in the tradition construction is to be relatively short building valid expiration date design, and only to destroy the building that those initial constructions owing to age, position or difference arrive their Acceptable lifes.This practice causes annual millions of tons of construction residues to move the soot to.Desirablely be, utilize such system building, wherein this system is made of structure durable but to one's profit, there not being tradition to remove under the waste material and manpower situation in the practice, can easily revise or remove and re-use simultaneously.Desirablely be, adopt such building system, this system can be by a large amount of building blocks that utilize durable construction large-scale recovery and re-use whole building.

The invention provides the unexpected benefit of the big footprint that is used for construction module wittingly.In typical construction, for example the support element of concrete column or girder steel has relatively little footprint, so that the effective floor space maximization of member.In the present invention, use building block and construction module with big footprint.The advantage of this method comprise can be from relative simple plane unit the construction structure framework, wherein the scene be made and be transported in this simple flat surface unit can or effectively in cast on-site under the controlled condition.Many assemblings can be finished on ground.The construction module of assembling with this mode can erect fast and do not have under the interim support situation stable.It is rapid decomposable that this finishes framework, and these parts can re-use simultaneously.Have less per unit area load on base unit, the condition on concrete slab or basis is loosened like this.Some application can be in ground-mounted.Under many circumstances, the space in this construction module can enter and can effectively utilize.

Summary of the invention

Here the method and apparatus that is used for building of Miao Shuing provides the system of such a kind of precast ruggedized construction building block, wherein this building block reproducible and with identical building block combination, with form various construction units and with change but similar and complementary building block combines, to form basic structure completely.This basic structure can be utilized then and manufacture building block or precast or framework construction and seal, to form perimeter walls and roof.

The invention provides a kind of stacking pouring procedure that is used to form the reinforced concrete building building block, this method comprises: thereby by placing releasing agent on the casting surface, pouring into a mould, in this template, be provided with reinforcing bar at in-plane, wet concrete supply is being had now the first building block pouring on flat on the casting surface to pour into a mould this first building block on template in this building block of temporary fixed template on this casting surface; Solidify this first building block partly; Remove this template from this first building block; Thereby by placing releasing agent on first assembly, pouring into a mould, in this template, be provided with reinforcing bar at in-plane, wet concrete supply is cast in the first building block top to second building block to pour into a mould this second building block on template in this second building block of temporary fixed template in this first building block.

Temporary fixed open top template also comprises on this casting surface: first mould element is temporarily anchored to this casting surface; Place a plurality of twin shaft splice sleeves in this template, thereby this sleeve pipe provides the passage that runs through this building block after cast; As follows to fix second template: promptly run through this first formwork element, run through splice sleeve and run through second formwork element, place threaded rod, thereby this threaded rod has first end and the second end with this first formwork element interval required separation distance; Near this first end, interim this first restraint device of placing on this threaded rod, and near this second end, interim this second restraint device of placement on this threaded rod, thus this first and second restraint device keeps this first and second formwork element against this splice sleeve.

Placing the reinforcing bar step in this template also comprises: place a plurality of twin shaft splice sleeves in this template, thereby this sleeve pipe provides the passage that runs through this building block after cast; And strenthening member is fixed on this twin shaft splice sleeve.

Remove second template; Promote second building block; This second building block is attached in this first building block, and this first building block simultaneously is on this casting surface; And this first building block of setting connection and second building block is right.

The 3rd building block is attached in this first building block, and this first building block simultaneously is on this casting surface; And this first building block, second building block and the 3rd building block of erectting connection.

In various embodiment of the present invention, prefabricated unit can for example be cast in effective controlled environment by stacking and make, and so that a plurality of building units to be provided, and this building unit can be assembled into desirable structure miscellaneous.Can comprise part, support column, the roof truss of wall, wall and the structural framing of finishing by this unit that combination assembling building block forms.These building blocks can be assembled at the construction field (site) fast, and can be supported on the concrete slab, or on predetermined (discreet) basis, and in some cases directly on ground (on grade).By independent building block or building block combination are combined with other building block combinations, can design and assemble multiple multi-form structural framing and building fast.

With simple bolting or interlocking connector, utilize large-scale manufacturing building block to build, thereby the framework that should construct and whole building can also not change or dismounting under the destruction situation.

Description of drawings

Of the present invention these and other objects and advantages will be described below, and by more apparent, wherein with reference to accompanying drawing:

Figure 1A is the elevation of single building block.

The stereogram of building block among Figure 1B Figure 1A.

Fig. 2 A is the perspective view of the building block of top lifting.

Fig. 2 B is that the first edge string promotes also the perspective view of the building block of assembling on the ground.

Fig. 3 A is the front view of various block structures.

Fig. 3 B is the sectional view of rectangular beam.

Fig. 3 C is hexagonal cross section view.

Fig. 4 is the front view of various blocks shape.

Fig. 5 A is the front view of twin shaft building block splice sleeve.

Fig. 5 B is the perspective view of twin shaft building block splice sleeve.

Fig. 6 is the perspective view of the part of this building block reinforcing bar.

Fig. 7 shows with twin shaft sleeve pipe location and the perspective view that connects.

Fig. 8 A is the detailed perspective view with template part of sleeve pipe receiving element.

Fig. 8 B is the detailed perspective view with template part of sleeve pipe and sleeve pipe receiving element.

Fig. 9 is the front view that is used for the typical reinforcing bar of building block.

Figure 10 A is the perspective view of steel reinforcement cage step in stacking cast program.

Figure 10 B is the perspective view of first order nail knot template step in stacking cast program.

Figure 10 C is the perspective view of first order concrete cast step in stacking cast program.

Figure 10 D is for putting upside down the perspective view of template step in stacking cast program.

Figure 10 E is the perspective view of rank preparation process subsequently in stacking cast program.

Figure 11 is for to be fixed to lip-deep some building block posts with passing the bottom sleeve connector.

Figure 12 is the perspective view of a pair of building block of formation " L " shape unit.

Figure 13 A is the perspective view of some building blocks of formation naked wall.

Figure 13 B is the perspective view of some building blocks of the perimeter walls system of formation arbitrary placement.

Figure 14 is formed with half to reveal the perspective view of some building blocks of square column wall.

Figure 15 is for forming the perspective view of some building blocks of being with the reinforcement wall.

Figure 16 is the perspective view of some building blocks of formation square and rectangular box post.

Figure 17 is the perspective view of the box column of support steel flooring framework.

Figure 18 is the perspective view of the basic structure framework of completion, and wherein box column is supported on roof truss on the discrete cap unit.

Figure 19 is for having the framework of the secondary framework of light section among Figure 18.

Figure 20 A is that cantilever string extension is in partial one deck building block.

Figure 20 B is that cantilever string extension is in partial two-layer building block.

Figure 20 C is that cantilever string extension is in partial three layers of building block.

Figure 20 D shows three layers of building block, and wherein the side direction layout carries the roof that single face tilts, and lower edge omits and is used for walkway simultaneously.

Figure 20 E is two-layer building block, wherein has the abridged lower edge, is used for walkway.

Figure 20 F is three layers of building block, wherein has cantilever string extension and is used for the inclination top chord that the roof building block is supported.

Figure 20 G is one deck building block that has the inclination top chord.

Figure 20 H is one deck building block that has ladder, two inclination top chords.

Figure 20 I is two-layer building block, wherein has to admit the ladder bottom string that falls flooring and be used for the inclination top chord that the roof building block is supported.

Figure 21 A is the triangle building block.

Figure 21 B is used for the wishbone that two adjacent building blocks are linked to be assembly is fixed building block.

Figure 21 C is the roof truss building block with segmentation arc top string.

Figure 21 D is the bowstring purlin formula roof truss building block with reinforcing pull rod.

Figure 21 E is the perspective view of corner caps building block.

Figure 21 F is the view of the building block downside shown in Figure 21 E.

Figure 21 G shows the angle cap unit that comprises curb girder.

Figure 21 H is the underside view of building block shown in Figure 21 G.

Figure 21 I is the vertical view of another embodiment cap unit.

Figure 21 J is the underside view of building block shown in Figure 21 I.

Figure 22 A is the decomposition diagram of paired roof truss assembly.

Figure 22 B is asymmetric box column.

Figure 23 A is the framed wall building block with little thickness metal wall framework.

Figure 23 B is the internal view of wall building block shown in Figure 23 A.

Figure 23 C is the external view that shows three kinds of precast walls building block of the cast pattern that imitates stacking stone.

Figure 23 D is the internal view of three kinds of precast walls building block.

Figure 23 E is hinged wall building block.

Figure 24 A is the view of framework in the framed wall building block.

Figure 24 B is the view of the framed wall building block of Figure 24 A of metal skin inside and outside wherein installing.

Figure 25 A is at the perspective view that opens wide assembling wall building block on the box column.

Figure 25 B is the detailed view that suspension bracket connects.

Figure 26 A is the vertical view of precast roof building block.

Figure 26 B is the underside view of precast roof building block.

Figure 27 A is the perspective view that is used for the steel framework of framework roof building block.

Figure 27 B is the perspective view that the framework roof building block of metallic plate is installed.

Figure 27 C is the detailed view of Bolt Connection clip.

Figure 27 D is the underside view of completion roof building block.

Figure 28 is the assembly of roof building block on asymmetric post.

Figure 29 A is two box column assemblies, and wherein this box column is equipped with the trailing arm that supports building block with the carrying flooring of bolting.

Figure 29 B is for supporting three box columns that the wing is arranged of precast floor building block.

Figure 29 C is the vertical view of two precast floor building blocks.

Figure 29 D is the underside view of two precast floor building blocks.

Figure 30 A is the exploded view of three local precast floor building block assemblies.

Figure 30 B is the underside view of precast floor building block assembly.

Figure 31 A is three assemblies that are used to begin the package assembly housing.

Figure 31 B has three assemblies that the floor building block is installed.

Figure 31 C has to add three assemblies that the wall building block is installed on this structure housing to.

Figure 31 D is the completion structure housing with roof building block.

Figure 32 A is six assemblies on concrete slab, wherein has the overhung structure that is used for the construction structure housing.

Figure 32 B has added suspend raised floor building block and paired roof truss assembly.

Figure 32 C installs wall building block, skylight building block, the top of a wall building block and sliding door building block for increasing.

Figure 32 D is for installing the enclosed construction housing of finishing by the roof building block.

Figure 33 A goes into 12 box columns of beginning structure housing assembling on the concrete slab for seat.

Figure 33 B is the detailed view with the trailing arm of bolting.

Figure 33 C is the perspective view of the box column assembly of support framework floor building block.

Figure 33 D is that the main framework of bowstring purlin formula roof truss solid cover building block is tied up in carrying.

Figure 33 E is the approaching structure of finishing after the building block of precast wall, metal wall column and metal roof platform are installed.

Figure 34 A is the example of the multilevel hierarchy housing of the concrete slab that has various height, box column, the various box columns that the wing arranged.

Figure 34 B is the multilevel hierarchy housing that has increased lid building block, flooring assembly and hinged wall building block.

Figure 35 A is the box column of pavement on concrete slab, wherein only has simple box column in each end.

Figure 35 B is the corner caps unit and is added to cap unit on the box column of pavement and the interpolation of box column.

Figure 35 C is the interpolation that this package assembly is arrived in wall and the building block of roof, bottom.

Figure 35 D is the last roof that comprises building block of framework roof and the building block of roof, skylight.

The specific embodiment

Detailed description one precast and the framed building building block of embodiment

The basic building block of one embodiment of the present of invention has been shown among Figure 1A and the 1B.

Figure 1A and Figure 1B are respectively the front view and the stereogram of single building block.From this of this building system the geometry of basic building block, LadderBlock ^TMDraw its title.This building block 10 is that 5 feet wide, 30 feet high and 6 inches are thick, has two edge strings 21 and 22 and three vertical openings 41-43 of being limited by crossbeam zone 31-34.In this commentary, this building block is called three layers of building block.In an example, the armored concrete chordwise section of present embodiment " wide take advantage of 6 " the thick and beam that is 6 is regional is that 12 " taking advantage of 6 deeply " are thick.Each all adjusts total geometric shape, size, number of openings, cross sectional dimensions and the reinforcing bar of this building block in the practical limit of specialized application.

The design of native system is to be used for allowing identical high-quality building block to duplicate rapidly, can carry out building unit rapid but firm construction to be used as.The control of high-quality construction and assurance can realize easily by the repeating to make of same parts.Building block normally pours into the plane, rises to certain position then.Fig. 2 A is for passing through the perspective view that the crane (not shown) passes through the building block 10 of top 34 liftings.Fig. 2 B is that the first edge string 21 lifts then the perspective view of the building block 10 of assembling on the ground, and the building block 10a shown in the figure is fixed on the first edge string by edge string 22.

Duplicating of building block can be finished by one of a series of building block being placed on pile up on the top to pour into a mould, and perhaps by means of such formation system, wherein this system can allow dismounting rapidly and template to utilize again.Building block can be on the concrete floor of building in advance cast-in-site, but perhaps their precasts and on platform trailer, be transported to the scene.

The building block geometry

The structure of building block can several modes be revised, thereby the geometry of given building block can be by the needs control of designer according to special purpose.Building block wherein has single stone matter cast rigid attachment part for roughly comprising the flat unit of two or more strings at place, string crosspoint.String can or cannot be perpendicular to one another, and they can be as required by the cantilever beyond the shape of other crossbeam chord sealings, so that the extension of basis, ground or roof unit supports to be provided.But the cross section of building block string is joined reinforcing bar in place that is needed by structural analysis also thickening and greater amount.In addition, the cross section of crossbeam chord can be changed into the cross section except rectangle shown in Fig. 3 B.Carrying out stacking cast and stacking transportation necessary is that the unit keeps the plane.If in separable template, pour into a mould, for example, be easily, crossbeam chord cross section is tapered towards this cross-section center line from each side, so that form removal, shown in Fig. 3 C middle cross beam cross section.Shown in Fig. 3 C, the hexagon of Xing Chenging provides new possibility for the support component interlocking at last.Refer again to Figure 1A and 1B, the geometry in exemplary embodiments provides passes three openings erectting building block, wherein has 4 feet horizontal clearance between the parallel chords and have 8 feet down suction between the parallel beams unit.These effective vents are shrunk to 4 inches chamferings 38 in the every nook and cranny, be to be used to provide headroom and the lateral clearance that the people passes opening and need, and wherein the floor framework supports by opening lower crossbeam unit.

Except size variation as mentioned above, as shown in Figure 3A, this figure is the front view of various block structure 10c-10g, and this base portion building block can change with crossbeam change interval unit in addition by introducing.This crossbeam can be used for making this building block to strengthen, and other Support Level perhaps is provided, and is used for not needing to run through the secondary framework of this building block passage.Fig. 3 A shows building block height, building block width, in the quantity of building block middle cross beam and position and in the variability of this crossbeam or string transverse shape.

This crossbeam chord needn't be vertical.Fig. 4 is the front view of various blocks shape.For example, building block 12 comprises the interpolation part of inclination diagonal brace 61.Support can be the steel assembly, and this steel component design becomes can be screwed on the casting-in sleeve pipe by bolt, and perhaps they can be the armored concrete pouring pieces with single stone matter of assembly.

Building block 11 shows the utilization to inclination string 23, for example can utilize the construction tilt-wall, to strengthen building block according to high cross force, perhaps utilizes building block as the horizontal strut member than long span.

Inclination string roof truss 13 can be by forming perhaps pourable one-tenth individual unit to two inclination strings building block 11 and selectable diagonal brace 61 assemblings.

Twin shaft building block splice sleeve

In one embodiment, this building block is designed to comprise a series of casting-in sleeve pipes with many functions.In this embodiment, the sleeve pipe that illustrates is

" diameter steel pipe.Sleeve pipe is excessive wittingly so that build-up tolerance to be provided.Pass

" the threaded rod connector of diameter sleeve pipe is incited somebody to action usually 3/4 " is to 1 " diameter range.In the present embodiment, pipe box length runs through chordwise section and is 6 " and run through the crossbeam zone be 12 ", sleeve pipe 101 and 102 centerings, and be 90 degrees to each other spot welding, shown in Fig. 5 A and 5B, to form twin shaft standard splice sleeve 100.

These splice sleeves are to being positioned at the module position of each string unit, as shown in Figure 6, and centering in this reinforcing bar 120 usually.In this building block reinforcing bar, usually also comprise for example be used for fixing the basis, roof unit is fixed or shelf is fixed or other sleeve pipe of for example vertical pipes 103 of flooring element.

In the present embodiment, to shown in 105 and 106, this sleeve pipe is to being asymmetric as splice sleeve among Fig. 7, and can revolve to right side edge string 21 from the left side edge string 22 of building block and turn 90 degrees.The result of this rotation is, will align with its counterpart in the second identical building block at the string sleeve pipe of any assigned altitute, but also will with align at 90 relative degree sleeve pipes of the other string surface of this second identical building block.For example, building block 10i is between building block 10h and the building block 10j with respect to building block 10i rotation 270 degree with respect to this building block 10i Rotate 180 degree.By rotate building block on the plane, anyone can be therefore identical building block interconnection, to form various structures as described below.In other embodiments, this sleeve pipe is to being symmetrical, and is as described below, thereby they can be used for forming the assembly of for example a pair of member or asymmetric post.

Except the interconnection of building block, sleeve pipe can and have many functions in the building block construction during assembled component.In building block construction period, sleeve pipe serves as inner carriage so that reinforcing bar is remained on the appropriate location.Referring to Fig. 8 A and 8B, these accompanying drawings are detailed perspective view of a formation system part in the present embodiment, template 201 comprises sleeve pipe receiving element 120 at its inner surface, and this sleeve pipe receiving element 120 makes sleeve pipe 100 location, and between casting cycle for providing simple method the template bondage together.As described below, template also can comprise the tubular distance piece receiving element, and this sleeve pipe receiving element is used for making Template Location, and the cast of stacking subsequently that is used for building block is duplicated.

Sleeve pipe is also for dismounting with lift the cast building block and provide interface in order to be connected to secondary framework in this assembled component and support that should the pair framework.Sleeve pipe through beam unit provides possibility for anchor bolt is connected to supporting construction, for the intermediateness connection of supporting frame and the connection that is used for cap unit or roof trusses.

Two of needs identical, asymmetric block structure separates and the interconnection situation under, shown in Figure 22 A and 22B, the twin shaft splice sleeve is fixed each side of building block at this and is orientated to consistent sleeve pipe height is provided.Do not revolve between the side in for example twin shaft sleeve pipe direction and to turn 90 degrees, but the dual edge string of for example fixing building block 290 in Figure 22 B is as one man placed.

Can utilize the repetition same unit to be embedded on the construction package that comprises wall building block, box column, paired blocks and framework in this construction package, the double-shaft assembly splice sleeve makes the designer realize unlimited diversity.Possible structure can comprise and be not limited to following construction unit.As shown in figure 11, single building block can be used as underload post and/or the pilaster that is used for secondary exterior wall framework lateral support.As shown in figure 12, a pair of building block 10a and 10b can connect by 90 degree, to form " L " shape unit.As shown in figure 13, by planar making mutual building block Rotate 180 degree, to aim at the assembling sleeve pipe, a series of building block 10m-10p can connect mutually, form naked wall.Shown in Figure 13 B, the combination of building block also can be used to the construction of arbitrary shape circumference load bearing wall.As shown in figure 14, similar assembly also can utilize other building block 10q-10r to be formed with the wall system of half dew square column.As shown in figure 15, a series of building block 10s-10v an angle of 90 degrees degree each other connect mutually, to form the wall system of band reinforcement.

As shown in figure 16, rectangle square box column 70 can be built up by building block 10w-10z.The square box column is by building block edge lapping and forming radially, and rectangle is formed by the building block of fixing in pairs between the building block outside.Shown in Figure 22 B, asymmetric building block also can be used to build asymmetric pole unit 290.

Twin shaft cover joint for pipe can omit in other embodiments, and the wherein for example mechanical interlocked connecting mode selected is used for building block is combined into construction package and complete structure.

Cross section and reinforcing bar design

For certain application, concrete cross section, rebar sizes and pull bar can be selected based on desired design external force by the structural engineer at interval.The power that building block must be designed to resist safely dismounting and carrying capacity, gravity load, shearing force, side loading and be caused by the building block reciprocation with other unit.Native system is that flexibility ratio is provided when being used for to geometry that the design engineer needs in selecting specialized application, cross section and reinforcing bar.

The construction of building block

In the present embodiment, the operational procedure of stacking cast building block is designed to can obtain easily and the quick member of erectting.As mentioned above, thimble assembly can be cut in advance with tack and weld.Referring to Fig. 9, Fig. 9 is the front view that is used for the typical reinforcing bar of building block, and steel reinforcement cage 220 utilizes deformed bar or iron wire bundling and is bundled into integral body.This is tied up can be the horizontal bundle of standard, and perhaps they also can be as shown in the figure spiral bundles 225.

Figure 10 A-10E shows the stacking casting process.Figure 10 A is the perspective view of steel reinforcement cage step in stacking cast program.Reinforcing bar separates and is held in place by this thimble assembly 100, and this thimble assembly 100 keeps the location by the sleeve pipe receiving element of installing on the die sinking plate 201 120 subsequently.Figure 10 B is the perspective view of one-level nail knot template step in stacking cast program.After tying up cage 220 and being positioned at this template 201 and 202, sleeve pipe receiving element 120, threaded rod 210 runs through sleeve pipe temporarily and template is placed, and nut is tightened on bar simultaneously, so that side template is tied up together.Figure 10 C is the perspective view of one-level concrete cast step in stacking cast program.

For first building block 240 in stacking, this template external member can anchor on casting plate or the surface temporarily.By utilizing plate film or the regular bond blocking part that applies on casting surface, stoped bonding between this casting plate concrete and unit.Figure 10 D is for putting upside down the perspective view of template step in stacking cast program.After these first building block, 240 cast and initial curing, the template dismounting, the blocking part of bonding applies on the end face of cast building block.Figure 10 E is subsequently the perspective view of preparation process in stacking cast program.The formation system of present embodiment is designed to be convenient to the stacking cast, and can comprise and extend fin 208 and separate sleeve pipe receiving element 120, allow template section 201,202 to overturn behind the casting sleeve in first building block 240 pouring into a mould for the first time and separate receiving element " interlock " like this.Make the sleeve pipe receiving element be positioned at appropriate position like this, be used for this sleeve pipe and the steel reinforcement cage of second building block with reception.Native system allows a plurality of building blocks enterprising windrow buttress cast and as one man duplicating at another top fast and easily.

Framework component

As shown in Figure 1, this LadderBlock ^TMBuilding system draws name from the most basic building block this building external member.This construction system comprises the flat unit that forms the floor height fixed frame, to shown in the 20I, and can be the multilayer with a plurality of side direction cells as Figure 20 A.

Figure 20 A is the typical shape of planar construction blocks to 20I.Figure 20 A shows the simple rectangle building block of for example one deck building block 230, and this building block is included in the top cross-bar 34 that both sides have cantilever extension 50.

Figure 20 B shows the rectangle building block that has from the cantilever extension 50 of intermediate beam 32 every sides.

Figure 20 C shows the three layers of building block 234 of higher rectangle with cantilever extension 50, and these cantilever extensions usually are used as support member, and is designed to occupy the groove on interlocking floor building block (not shown) downside crossbeam.

Figure 20 D shows stairstepping building block 236, and this building block 236 comprises the first edge string 21, the second edge string 22, mid-chord line 23, in first top cross-bar 36 between this first edge string and this mid-chord line and second top cross-bar 35 between this second edge string and this mid-chord line.Usually, second top cross-bar 35 is used for supporting high roof structure unit.This first top cross-bar 36 is used for supporting low pitched roof.

Figure 20 E shows opening rectangle building block 238, does not wherein have base cross members, and this base cross members is omitted, so that the pedestrian enters not tripping under the dangerous situation.

Figure 20 F shows rectangular element 240, and this rectangular element comprises the inclination cantilever extension 52 from top cross-bar 34.The combination of this top cross-bar 34 and extension 52 is used for supporting the high roof that dangles.

Figure 20 G shows the simple building block that comprises angled top crossbeam 34.Figure 20 h shows has two angled top crossbeams 35 and 36 and the stairstepping building block 244 of intermediate beam 23.This top cross-bar structure adapts to roof, the plane building block in the opposing inclined skylight that is used for natural lighting.

Figure 20 I shows the plane building block 246 that has first side edge string 21, is offset extension 51, top cross-bar extension 52 and intermediate beam extension 50.The end of these extensions connects by vertical string 24.Sometimes, this skew extension 51 is positioned at this surface, and sometimes is positioned at lower face.Though to brace foundation, skew extension 51 is to be used for crossing the brace foundation edge and to become cantilever load distribution for base cross members 31, wherein this extension top, bottom and concrete slab top have equal height.This first edge string 21 and the second edge string 22 can rely on the concrete slab, this concrete slab thereby this first edge string dangles.In other embodiments, these two edge strings can rely on the discrete bottom.

Figure 21 A shows the fundamental triangle building block 260 with the first edge string 21, top cross-bar 34 and base cross members 31.

Figure 21 B shows the wishbone keeper 280 with first flange 281 and second flange 282.

Figure 21 C shows top chord 304,305,306 with the first edge string 301 and the second edge string 302, base cross members 311 and segmentation and 307 segmentation arc roof truss 300.In this example, this roof truss comprises otch or groove 303, and this otch or groove 303 are usually used for providing the horizontal support face at the roof truss support member.Refer again to Figure 20 F, this first edge string 21 has extension 28, and this extension 28 provides the horizontal support face.

Figure 21 D show have sprung arch top chord 320, steel tie-rod 321, supporting seat 324 and cone key 322 tie up bowstring purlin formula roof truss 319.

Figure 21 E show have curb girder 401 and 402, box column separates pit 403 and 404, the perspective view of the cap unit 400 of crossbeam 405 and cone key receiving element 406.Figure 21 F shows the view of cap unit 400 downsides.

Figure 21 G shows the angle cap unit 410 that comprises curb girder 401.The end 413 of cap unit is centering above box column usually, thereby meets above the box column of angle in this end 412 and 413.Figure 21 H shows angle cap unit 410 underside views.

Figure 21 I and 21J show the upside and the underside view of another embodiment cap unit 409, this embodiment be characterized as have simple beam 405, amalgamation post pit 404 and the box column pit 420 and the cantilever extension 422 of centering above box column.

Detailed description-construction package of embodiment

In one embodiment, these structure building blocks for example usually be combined into as shown in figure 16 box column 70 and the construction package of following other examples of discussing.

Figure 22 A is the decomposition diagram of a pair of roof truss assembly 440, and wherein this roof truss assembly 440 comprises a pair of segmentation arc roof truss 300 by 280 combinations of wishbone keeper.In this example, segmentation arc roof truss keeps strict parallel alignment by this wishbone keeper, thereby they form the construction package of lateral stability, and wherein this construction package can be assembled on ground level in advance, and rises to the precalculated position as a whole.In this example, this assembly is assembled by the nipple that passes beam or string unit 308 and for example 281 wishbone keeper flange.Can adopt other connection schemes.

Figure 22 B shows by a pair of stairstepping piece 246, rectangular block 248 and has the asymmetric box column 450 of rectangular block 290 formation that have bolt edge string extension 291,292.This bolt edge string extension cooperates with the edge string extension 28 of stairstepping piece 246, with key and the bolt supporting seat that forms 440 pairs of this roof truss assemblies.Figure 28 illustrates the perspective view of this cooperation.

Embodiment will adopt at least two basic methodology of the construction package of combination, the fabric structure of finishing with formation.The feature of a kind of method shown in Figure 18 and 32B is 70 and 450 a base assemblies for example, and this assembly supports for example 15 or 440 discrete roof building block or assembly.Second method comprises among for example Figure 21 E and 21I 400 and 409 top cover building block, and shown in Figure 33 D and 35B, wherein this building block is across between base assemblies and support thereon, to support a series of roof trusses building blocks that wait tight spacings.

The detailed description of embodiment-wall building block

Figure 23 A shows framework wall building block 460, wherein has little thickness metallic walls framework, inner surface 462 and outer surface 461.Metallic walls building block on this building block two sides provides finish surface and is used to support the stress outer panel skin panel stiffness of building block.In emphasizing the maximum design environment that effectively utilizes of material possibility usually, it is non-obvious adopting metallic plate on two sides, industrial building upper wall unit.It is to form the stress outer panel skin plate that the adding of this inside panel has tangible benefit, this plate structurally is redundant, and have enough durabilities, with lifting and the carrying capacity of opposing in this building block, and reaction force is turned back in predetermined (discreet) and the simple connector, thereby make assembling and dismounting easily and rapidly.This feature allows the building large-scale recovery, and does not need the soot, and in the situation of emergency relief sanctuary, the high quality buildings thing is erect rapidly.Figure 23 B shows the internal view of wall building block shown in Figure 23 A.

Figure 23 C shows the external view of three kinds of precast walls building block 470,471 and 472, and shows the cast pattern of emulation stacking stone.Figure 23 D shows the internal view of same three building blocks.The feature of these building blocks is to comprise for example 473 flange, with the beam element interlocking of this LadderBlock framework.In another embodiment, omitted key interlocking coupling mechanism, alternative is that the bolted flange that runs through the LadderBlock sleeve pipe connects.

Figure 23 E shows hinged wall building block 475.Figure 24 A is the view of the interior framework 465 of framed wall building block 464 another embodiment.This framework comprises usually the bent plate folder 466 with the engagement of box column crossbeam.Figure 24 B shows the framed wall building block of Figure 24 A that inside and outside metal skin is installed.

Figure 25 A is at the perspective view that opens wide assembling wall building block on the box column.

This wall building block 464 can hang on as on the crossbeam 32 that is somebody's turn to do this LadderBlock248 that opens wide box column 451 parts.Figure 25 B is the detailed view of this suspension bracket coupling mechanism.The building block of heavy precast wall and the framed wall building block that are limited to move upward by roof unit can rely on interlocking to be connected on this polycrystalline substance alone, but the wall building block of not satisfying these standards must be with bolting on this supporting construction, to guarantee the resistivity under big wind loads.

The building block of embodiment detailed description-roof

Figure 26 A is the vertical view of precast roof building block 480 and 482.Figure 26 B is the underside view of those identical building blocks, and shows the tapered beam 481 that goes up a slope into crossbeam 484.These crossbeams are used for carrying joist 483 and this LadderBlock assembly crossbeam are supported on the supporting seat 485.In most application, the quality of precast roof building block and interlocking provide enough connections for supporting construction, thereby can not need mechanical links.

Figure 27 A is the perspective view that is used for the steel sash 492 of framework roof building block 490.These lighter building blocks need Bolt Connection clip 493, with opposing wind buffer brake; These clips that illustrate framework downside from Figure 27 A stretches out.Figure 27 B shows the perspective view that metallic plate framework roof building block 490 is installed.As for example 460 framed wall building block, framework roof building block 490 usually comprises the external and internal compositions covering, lifts and carries to allow building block.Figure 27 C is the detailed view of Bolt Connection clip b, and Figure 27 D shows the underside view of completion roof building block 490.

Shown in Figure 22 B, Figure 28 shows the assembly of roof building block 490 on asymmetric post 450.This roof building block utilizes Bolt Connection clip 493 to be installed on the top cross-bar 34 of stairstepping building block 246.

The detailed description of embodiment-floor building block

Figure 29 A shows two box column 70 assemblies that are equipped with the trailing arm 76 of bolting, wherein these trailing arm 76 carrying ground supports building blocks 496, and this building block 496 supporting frame floor building block 494 subsequently.In Figure 33 B, show in detail trailing arm 76 with bolting.

Figure 29 B shows three box columns 74 that the wing is arranged, and each box column 74 comprises a pair of building block 232 and a pair of rectangle building block 10.The wing box column that has that illustrates supports two interlocking interior spans of a precast floor building block 486 and a precast ground end building block 488.Figure 29 C shows the vertical view of these two floor building blocks, and Figure 29 D shows the underside view of same building block.Downside entablature structure in these precast floor building blocks has formed the admittance groove 489 that is used to be supported on the building block 232 cantilever beam extensions.

Figure 30 A is the exploded view of the precast floor building block assembly of three parts, and wherein this assembly comprises inner building block 500, tamps framework 506 and tamps plate 504.Figure 30 B shows the underside view that is installed in this precast assembly in the stairstepping building block 510.

The detailed description of embodiment-assembly is erect

After finishing cast, building block allows to solidify, and obtains necessary strength up to concrete, lifts and carrying capacity with opposing.Initial lift operation and must destroy the absorption of casting surface under this unit/or bonding force.Removal force can show the maximum overshoot load that building block once was subjected to.Extremely thin and can not destroy this unit and the situation on promoting the building block that sleeve pipe dismantles (shown in Fig. 2 A), can utilize the location-plate (shown in Fig. 2 B) that promotes from several string sleeve pipes simultaneously, finish dismounting.In case this building block and its casting surface unclamp, usually, by utilizing the crane rigging of casting sleeve as suspension centre, casting plate or the cast of stacking below unit are thus lifted to the upright position.During promoting, thin building block can utilize location-plate or them can be connected to mutually in one or more vertical building blocks, still keeps flat simultaneously.

More easily erect by the reinforcement that the building block of mutual connection forms.Owing to promote injured dangerous reduction that stress causes, and construction package may be stablized independently more, and is not needed interim support.The weight of this exemplary embodiments is about 3500 pounds, and four building block box columns weigh 7 tons, thereby only needs light hoisting gear to promote these unit.

After lifting, this building block or assembly are embedded into its assigned address.Referring to Figure 11, bottom plate connecting on concrete slab 50 can comprise that presetting anchor bolt or drill bit and epoxy resin or cement mortar solidifies threaded rod, and these parts pass bottom sleeve 103 and utilize the tensioning with excessive liner or distribution grid nut engaged.By directly being connected to other stable building block, the setting building block that is not assembled into construction package can utilize the diagonal angle to support and support temporarily, and wherein this diagonal angle supports perpendicular to block surfaces; Before but the preferred construction method of utilizing this system will be included in and promote a plurality of building blocks are assembled into independent stable assembly.When needs they the time, interim support can utilize assembling sleeve pipe and interim anchor to be connected on this concrete slab.Final construction will usually be used vertical building block or via the mutual coupling assembly of auxiliary part 52 cross-brace.Utilize liner and nut to finish being coupled to each other of building block, wherein this liner and nut combine with the full-length threaded rod that passes the assembling splice sleeve.For example the pair unit of circummure beam, roof purlin or various frameworks can similarly be connected on the assembling splice sleeve.In the building that comprises the wall of native system, flooring and roof building block, grit and purlin replace with building block, wherein this building block is built at ground level, rise to certain position with light hoisting gear, and by means of interlocking or connect with bolting or interlocking merely and be connected on this structural framing.

Native system is designed to exert all one's strength and is distributed on the relatively large area of construction package bottom, and admittance is from the power in a plurality of sources on the assembly top, roof trusses and be used to be carried on the track girder of the bridge crane on the single box column for example, and side by side provide and have the intrinsic lateral stability and the unit of scope slave function possibility flexibly.For example, building block can be carried intermediate floors or industrial shelf, and sealing box column section can hold memory space, Machine Room, lobby, lift or other building function.

Load bearing capacity

This LadderBlock building system is designed to allow structure economics construction, and wherein this structure can be carried safely more greater than the most conventional building system and is designed to the load that can carry.By building the structural capacity that surpasses those requirements significantly to provide,, aspect the functional and versatility of this building structure, produce new chance to bear the minimum load that building laws requires.The building of this construction can carry the high capacity flooring usually, supports the wall of heavy articulated slab operation, the support of elevator system is provided, and is not changing the more top floor structure of carrying under the original structure situation.This deposit structural capacity by the ground level of identical pre-construction building block directly, repeat construction and realize economically.

Construction stability and speed

Although building block can be attached in the various structures, the basic methodology that adopts in this building system is for making being coupled to each other of building block, to form stable structure assembly independently; These assemblies form three-dimensional many sides framework usually.The precast building block normally has the open type framework of rigid attachment in the crosspoint, unit.Learn that from the engineering analysis that is used for certain application they are made by for example concrete castable material of structural class, for example pass through steel reinforcing.Precast and framework building block are designed to can easily connect mutually to form independent stable structure assembly.This just can carry out construction package constructs, and wherein this construction package can embed putting in place the i.e. relieving of existing side by side with light hoisting gear, and interim cross-brace need be installed before discharging this hoisting rope, is necessary and construct in tilt-wall.This feature can effectively utilize the expensive lifting time very much; Do not stablize at supported intrinsic unstable parts if just do not need to make, this lifting can continue installation component.In case embedding puts in place and anchors to supporting construction as required, then the absolute construction base assemblies is used for resisting gravity and side loading, and wherein this assembly has opening but stable and structurally redundant framework.

Construction safety

Independent base assemblies usually is coupled to each other with roof and/or floor construction, and wherein this roof and/or floor construction generally include independently assembly of other stable assembled in advance itself.This independently assembly form the heavy construction building block effectively, wherein this building block can be erect and will be kept stable, and does not need interim the support or pillar, support with diagonal angle that dependence is used for lateral stability or the tradition construction of shear wall opposite.By using large-scale, the independence made by mutual connection precast parts to stablize building block, construction can more promptly and safely be carried out.

By eliminating the needs to cross-brace and pillar, the obturator of many construction accidents can be avoided occurring causing in this job site.Because the LadderBlock parts build on ground level, and can be connected into assembly usually mutually on ground level, thereby the lifting work and the danger that falls followed minimize.

If the excess load that stands to collapse and cause is then by building the performance that the structural redundancy that provides can also improve whole building significantly with independently stablizing building block; Redundancy is the progressive and best insurance of always subsiding of opposing building structure.

The distribution of bottom power

Compare with traditional construction technology of the floor space of remaining valid with power is concentrated, native system runs through wide bottom to these power wittingly and distributes, and wherein this bottom makes the stress minimum that acts on the supporting surface.Wide like this by this bottom is built, thus free space own become by the volume of this construction unit sealing, and this structural advantage can provide functional advantage simultaneously.

The reduction that bottom power extensively distributes and base pressure is followed allows the LadderBlock construction package directly to be supported on usually and strengthens on the concrete slab (slab-on-grade), and wherein similar bearer cap will need special and expensive basis usually.When building uprises, power and the tilting moment bottom this member that it must be resisted bigger wind pressure and produce shearing force.Distribute because this tilting moment is passed wide bottom simultaneously, require the opposing lighter and more cheap construction that the bolt system of power connects can may be needed than other occasions of toppling in LadderBlock construction package bottom.If this supporting construction has enough weight, do not stand seimic load simultaneously, just can not need bolt system.Building the selection of the LadderBlock parts of member, the analysis by that member load approach and relating to bolt is that the decision-making of condition is all according to the Structural Engineering analysis of the needs of certain using integral structure.

The supporting surface that construction package is strapped in wherein can comprise lower floor's member or strengthen concrete slab.At light-duty (In light-use), not in the high constructure construction, this supporting surface can only comprise the horizontal bedding and padding of the enough bearing capacitys of demonstration and the stability of tight filler or natural earth.

The building block assembly can be used for the function except that being used for the main structural system of building.As shown in figure 17, can utilize building block post, building block to or independent building block between beam element 75 and 76 support the flooring space or the large scale industry shelf space of intergrades.Vertical shaft in the box column 70 of appropriate size can utilize framework as lift, as the multistage storage closet of adorning fork lifter or as being used for machinery, air compartment electricity or that pump system.In addition, the building block assembly can provide the structural capacity that needs, not need additional member situation lower support bridge crane, jib crane and other lifting means.

Detailed description-the structural framing of embodiment and housing

Figure 18 shows the sample of the primary structure framework of the completion that utilizes the native system construction.In this example, a plurality of box columns 70 support roof truss 15.For example the extra cell of wall building block and roof building block can be fixed on this structural framing.

Figure 19 shows the framework among Figure 18 before the less important framework of residue being installed and being finished the outer skin of building envelope, the wherein framework of the secondary framework of this framework carrying roof purlin 18 and circummure beam 19 forms.

Figure 31 A illustrates the assembly program of the enclosed construction housing of knowing clearly to 31D.In this example, three assemblies 520 shown in Figure 31 A for example are installed on the stayed surface of tight fill-in pad.Each of these assemblies 520 includes stairstepping building block 244 and two rectangle building blocks 243 and 245.This building block is stable with self-supporting when being in place, and can receive floor building block 494 and 496 shown in Figure 31 B, the building block shown in Figure 31 C 522,524 and 526 and the roof building block 528 and 529 shown in Figure 31 D at any time.

In 32D, another example has been shown at Figure 32 A.In this example, six assemblies 450 are installed, concrete slab 540 thereby they dangle partly.Figure 32 B shows suspention raised floor building block 541 before wall and roof building block are installed and paired roof truss assembly 440.Figure 32 C shows wall building block 542 and 543, skylight building block 544, the top of a wall building block 545 and the sliding door building block 546 of installation.Figure 32 D shows by roof building block 550 the enclosed construction housing of finishing is installed.

Figure 33 A shows that to 33E the box column 70 that supports two top frame floor building blocks 494 opens wide the structure housing of industrial building, and shows the gangway-floor building block 495 that receives stairway unit 497.Figure 33 A shows the box column of setting, and Figure 33 B is the detailed view with the trailing arm of bolting, and Figure 33 C shows the box column 70 of support framework floor building block 494.Figure 33 D shows and has the main framework that the solid cover building block 408 of bowstring purlin formula roof truss 319 is tied up in carrying.Figure 33 E shows the approaching structure of finishing after precast wall building block 552, metal pilaster 554 and metal roof platform 558 are installed.

Figure 34 A and 34B show the sandwich construction housing that wing box column 560,562 and 564 combinations are arranged that comprises concrete slab 540, box column 70 and various height.These box columns support flooring assemblies 486 and 488 and lid building block 409.This box column also supports hinged wall building block 475.

Figure 35 A shows another example of structure housing to 35D.In this example, box column 70 and asymmetric pavement box column 580 are provided.This pavement box column 580 provides walking to enter this box column inside, to allow to utilize this space.This cap unit 400 and corner caps unit 410 are used for supporting for example 319 roof truss.This asymmetric box column 580 is supported on the concrete roof building block 480 and 482 that low roof provides fireproof construction.The roof comprises framework roof building block 490 and roof, skylight building block 499 on shown in Figure 35 D.

Claims (5)

1. stacking pouring procedure that is used to form the reinforced concrete building building block, this method comprises:

Thereby by placing releasing agent on the casting surface, pouring into a mould, in this template, be provided with reinforcing bar at in-plane, wet concrete supply is being had now the first building block pouring on flat on the casting surface to pour into a mould this first building block on template in this building block of temporary fixed template on this casting surface;

Solidify this first building block partly;

Remove this template from this first building block;

Thereby by placing releasing agent on first assembly, pouring into a mould, in this template, be provided with reinforcing bar at in-plane, wet concrete supply is cast in the first building block top to second building block to pour into a mould this second building block on template in this second building block of temporary fixed template in this first building block.

2. method according to claim 1, wherein the step of temporary fixed open top template also comprises on this casting surface:

First mould element is temporarily anchored to this casting surface;

Place a plurality of twin shaft splice sleeves in this template, thereby this sleeve pipe provides the passage that runs through this building block after cast;

As follows to fix second template: promptly run through this first formwork element, run through splice sleeve and run through second formwork element, place threaded rod, thereby this threaded rod has first end and the second end with this first formwork element interval required separation distance; Near this first end, interim this first restraint device of placing on this threaded rod, and near this second end, interim this second restraint device of placement on this threaded rod, thus this first and second restraint device keeps this first and second formwork element against this splice sleeve.

3. method according to claim 1, wherein,

Placing the reinforcing bar step in this template also comprises:

In this template, place a plurality of twin shaft splice sleeves, thereby this sleeve pipe provides the passage that runs through this building block after cast; And

Strenthening member is fixed on this twin shaft splice sleeve.

4. method according to claim 1 also comprises:

Remove second template;

Promote second building block; And

This second building block is attached in this first building block, and this first building block simultaneously is on this casting surface; And

This first building block that erect to connect and second building block right.

5. method according to claim 4 also comprises:

The 3rd building block is attached in this first building block, and this first building block simultaneously is on this casting surface; And

Erect this first building block, second building block and the 3rd building block that connect.

Images