CN101268260A - 具有加热元件和蓄热器的喷嘴及将可氧化液体导入催化转换器或过滤器上游处的排放***的方法 - Google Patents

具有加热元件和蓄热器的喷嘴及将可氧化液体导入催化转换器或过滤器上游处的排放***的方法 Download PDF

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CN101268260A
CN101268260A CNA2006800346499A CN200680034649A CN101268260A CN 101268260 A CN101268260 A CN 101268260A CN A2006800346499 A CNA2006800346499 A CN A2006800346499A CN 200680034649 A CN200680034649 A CN 200680034649A CN 101268260 A CN101268260 A CN 101268260A
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heating element
fluid
thermal accumulator
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nozzle
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马科·拉纳利
凯瑟琳·布雷姆泽
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Emken German Technology (augsburg) LLC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
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    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
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    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
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    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种喷嘴(8)，尤其用于将可氧化流体引入催化剂(7)或过滤器(7)上游处的排放***，包括加热元件(22)和蓄热器(18)，该蓄热器由加热元件(22)加热并且将所存储的热量排放至流体。本发明也涉及一种用于将可氧化流体引入催化剂(7)或过滤器(7)上游处的排放***的方法，其中，使用喷嘴(8)，该喷嘴包括加热元件(22)和蓄热器(18)，其中在喷射过程之前开启加热元件(22)，随后首先喷射该流体，使得蓄热器(18)将能量释放至流体并且蒸发该流体。

Description

具有加热元件和蓄热器的喷嘴及将可氧化液体导入催化转换器或过滤器上游处的排放***的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种尤其可用于将可氧化液体导入催化剂或过滤器上游处的排放***的喷嘴。本发明也涉及一种将可氧化液体导入催化剂或过滤器上游处的排放***的方法。
背景技术
现代排放***大都包括柴油颗粒过滤器或者NOx存储催化剂。这些过滤器或催化剂必须以常规的间隔再生，否则它们的流阻将会过分地增加，或者它们的效率将下降。再生通常可称为“烧尽”，因为在再生期间会发生热反应。该反应可被启动以使得供给至内燃机的空气/燃料混合物浓度增加。可选择地，燃料或者一些其他适当的可氧化流体可直接被导入过滤器或催化剂上游处的排放***。在现有技术中，将燃料或者尿素(urea)供给入排放管的***已公知是多种多样的。
如果直接喷射燃料，那么燃料将在排放管中蒸发。但是，这会导致热量从废气流中被抽出，这对于再生又是不利的；对于再生来说，需要增加废气温度。可选择地，可使用引火塞，其能够将燃料蒸发从而在排放***外部喷射入排放***。但是，可发现具有足以满足这一目的的动力的引火塞的动力消耗将导致作用在汽车电子***上的载荷高得无法令人接受。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是得到一种喷嘴或者用于喷射的方法，由此，必要量的燃料或者一些其他适当的流体可被引入排放***，而不会导致废气温度的无益减小以及作用在汽车电子***上的载荷过大。
为了解决这一问题，提供一种根据本发明的喷嘴，尤其用于将可氧化流体导入催化剂或过滤器上游处的排放***，包括加热元件和蓄热器，该蓄热器可由加热元件加热并且可将所存储的热量扩散至流体。根据本发明，也提供一种用于将可氧化流体引入催化剂或过滤器上游处的排放***中的方法，其中使用喷嘴，该喷嘴包括加热元件和蓄热器，其中，在喷射过程之前开启加热元件，使得蓄热器被加热，随后只喷射流体，使得蓄热器可将能量释放至该流体并且蒸发该流体。本发明基于使用比较低能耗的加热元件的基本理念。能量消耗比较低，使得在实际喷射过程的较短时间段中加热元件无法蒸发被引入的流体。相反，该加热元件基本上用于使蓄热器升温，使得在特定的“预加热时间”之后，存储足够大量的热，由此在比较短的喷射过程期间蒸发整个流体。
作为加热元件，可使用本身公知的引火塞。大约200W的动力消耗应该是足够的。
对于蓄热器，可使用金属作为材料。除了良好的储热容量，非常高的导热率是重要的，使得所存储的热量可在非常短的时间内扩散入将被喷射的流体。
优选地，流体可流过的间隙设置在加热元件与蓄热器之间。这确保在实际喷射过程期间，加热元件也由可被直接蒸发的流体环绕流过。
优选地，设置容纳有蓄热器的壳体，其中，绝缘材料布置在壳体与蓄热器之间。该绝缘材料防止热量损失至外部。
可设置成使得加热元件在喷射过程之前的预定时间内开启，在喷射期间保持开启，并且在喷射过程完成时关闭。在下一喷射过程之前的适当时间再次开启该加热元件。
实际喷射过程之前的大约20秒足以开启加热元件。这一期间基本上取决于加热元件的加热能量。加热能量越低，就需越早地开启加热元件。实际喷射过程需要大约2至3秒的时间。
可选择地，可设置成使得加热元件保持连续地开启。然后将加热元件的加热能量选择为较低，使得加热元件可在两个喷射过程之间的期间再次将蓄热器加热至蒸发该流体所需的温度。
大多数地，两次连续的喷射过程之间存在2至4分钟的时间间隔。
附图说明
后文将参照一项实施例说明本发明，该实施例示出在附图中，其中：
图1示出根据本发明的***的示意图；
图2示出根据本发明的喷嘴的纵向剖面；
图3示出图2的喷嘴沿平面III-III所作的剖视图；以及
图4示出加热元件的加热能量P、蓄热器的温度T以及喷射体积V相对于时间变化的示意图。
附图标记列表
5    内燃机
6    排放管
7    用于清除废气的部件
8    喷嘴
9    线路/泵***
10   壳体
12   液体入口
14   液体出口
16   绝缘材料
18   蓄热器
20   肋
22   加热元件
具体实施方式
图1示意性地示出内燃机5，尤其是柴油机，其废气经由排放管6传送至催化剂，尤其是具有NOx的催化剂或者柴油颗粒过滤器。该部件用于减少废气中的有害物质的量，这里采用附图标记7总体标示该部件。在排放管6上，安装有喷嘴8，可经由线路/泵***9从适当的储液器供给可氧化流体，尤其是燃料。这种***的原理已经在现有技术中公知。该***通常用于将可氧化流体导引入位于部件7上游处的废气流，从而初始化部件7的再生。
喷嘴8(参见图2和3)包括壳体10，其中，该壳体设置有用于可氧化流体的入口12和用于朝向排放***排放的蒸发液体的出口14。在壳体10中，布置有具有低导热性的绝缘材料16。在绝缘材料16中，布置有蓄热器18，该蓄热器由具有高热容量和高导热性的材料形成。大多数的金属可用作该材料。蓄热器18通常采用环形形状并且包括朝向中心孔的多个肋20。这些肋的端部与布置在中心处的可供给电能P的加热元件22之间的距离较小。可使用引火塞作为加热元件。由于加热元件22和蓄热器18与肋20之间的间隙较窄，所以可使用比较大的表面将热量从加热元件22和蓄热器18传送至流体。
在图4中，示出如何借助上述喷嘴8将流体引入排放管6。字母P表示供给至加热元件22的能量，字母V表示从喷嘴8喷出的流体的体积，字母T表示蓄热器18的温度。
在时刻t1，加热元件22开启。在随后的短时间内，蓄热器18的温度在时刻t2开始提高。在大约20至30秒的延迟之后，在时刻t3开始喷射过程。一旦可氧化流体F被泵送通过蓄热器18与加热元件22之间的间隙，随着蓄热器18和加热元件22将能量释放至液体，液体将蒸发。在该过程中，蓄热器18的温度下降。喷射过程需要大约2至3秒的时间并且在时刻t4完成。此时，加热元件22关闭。
可选择地，可在时刻t4之前短时间内关闭加热元件，并且可使用剩余的热量。
加热元件22的加热能量、加热元件22的开启与喷射开始之间的间隔(t3-t1)以及蓄热器中的热容量设定成使得在喷射过程期间蒸发整个量的待喷射流体。
采用这种方式，确保不需要从废气流中抽出用于蒸发流体的热量。
根据备选实施例，加热元件可持续保持开启。在这种情况下，需要非常少的加热能量，因为在两次喷射循环之间，用于加热蓄热器18的时间是非常多的。

Claims (14)

1、一种喷嘴(8)，尤其用于将可氧化流体引入催化剂(7)或过滤器(7)上游处的排放***，包括加热元件(22)和蓄热器(18)，该蓄热器由加热元件(22)加热并且将所存储的热量扩散至流体。
2、根据权利要求1所述的喷嘴，其特征在于，加热元件(22)是引火塞。
3、根据权利要求1或2所述的喷嘴，其特征在于，蓄热器(18)由金属制成。
4、根据前述任一权利要求所述的喷嘴，其特征在于，加热元件(22)布置在蓄热器(18)中。
5、根据前述任一权利要求所述的喷嘴，其特征在于，间隙设置在加热元件(12)与蓄热器(18)之间，流体流过该间隙。
6、根据权利要求5所述的喷嘴，其特征在于，蓄热器(18)包括面对加热元件(22)的多个肋(20)。
7、根据前述任一权利要求所述的喷嘴，其特征在于，设置壳体(10)，其中容纳蓄热器(18)，其中将绝缘材料(16)布置在壳体与蓄热器(18)之间。
8、一种用于将可氧化流体引入催化剂(7)或过滤器(7)上游处的排放***的方法，其中，使用喷嘴(8)，该喷嘴包括加热元件(22)和蓄热器(18)，其中在喷射过程之前开启加热元件(22)，使得蓄热器被加热，随后只喷射该流体，使得蓄热器(18)将能量释放至流体并且蒸发该流体。
9、根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，在喷射过程之前的预定时间开启加热元件(22)，在喷射期间保持开启，并且在喷射过程完成时关闭加热元件(22)。
10、根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，在喷射过程之前的预定时间开启加热元件(22)，在喷射期间保持开启，并且在喷射过程完成之前短时间内关闭加热元件(22)。
11、根据权利要求8至10任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在喷射过程之前的大约20秒开启加热元件(22)。
12、根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，加热元件(22)连续地保持开启。
13、根据权利要求8至12任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，喷射过程需要大约2至3秒的时间。
14、根据权利要求8至13任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在大约2至4分钟的预定时间之后重复该喷射过程。
CNA2006800346499A 2005-09-20 2006-09-06 具有加热元件和蓄热器的喷嘴及将可氧化液体导入催化转换器或过滤器上游处的排放***的方法 Pending CN101268260A (zh)

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