CN101166472A - 具有改进的热管理的超声波换能器组件 - Google Patents

具有改进的热管理的超声波换能器组件 Download PDF

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CN101166472A
CN101166472A CNA2006800139569A CN200680013956A CN101166472A CN 101166472 A CN101166472 A CN 101166472A CN A2006800139569 A CNA2006800139569 A CN A2006800139569A CN 200680013956 A CN200680013956 A CN 200680013956A CN 101166472 A CN101166472 A CN 101166472A
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ultrasonic transducer
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J·哈特
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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Abstract

提供一种超声波换能器组件的改进的热管理。这种超声波换能器组件包括用于沿着传播路径传送超声波能的超声波换能器和将超声波换能器热耦合到至少一个散热装置的完备的冷却***。这种完备的冷却***包括至少一个传热构件。这种完备的冷却***通过至少一个传热构件限定从超声波换能器组件至该散热装置的热流。超声波能的传播路径与热流路径的方向相反。通过位于与超声波换能器组件热连通的热电冷却器的加入增强热传递过程。完备的冷却***为最低的热阻作好了准备，而热电冷却器将热流保持在正方向并保持正热梯度，从而增强到散热装置的热流。

Description

具有改进的热管理的超声波换能器组件
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及用于显现身体内部区域中的软组织器官的医学超声波成像***。更明确地来讲，本发明涉及一种具有改进的热管理的超声波换能器组件。
背景技术
超声波成像是允许身体内部区域中的软组织器官的显现的医学诊断成像。超声波成像过程通常涉及将超声波换能器组件或换能器探针置于所涉及的区域附近的患者的皮肤上，如置于背部上，以形成肾部的图像。
超声波换能器可用于沿着传播路径传送超声波能并包括换能器阵列和与超声波阵列操作性地连通的对应电路。虽然超声波换能器组件的设计作为用于非侵入形成多个软组织器官的图像的优选技术取得了成功并被广泛地接受，但这种设计也面临着诸多挑战。尤其是超声波换能器组件热管理***，以通过管理由换能器阵列和对应的电路所产生的热来限制超声波换能器组件的表面温度。此外，还有必须满足以维持超声波换能器组件的最佳性能的规章和安全要求。例如，希望将超声波换能器组件的外壳舒适地冷却，以避免操作人员的手过多地排汗。
而且，由于超声波换能器组件的设计中新的创新的发展，如微束形成技术，所以将有效而经济的热管理***结合在超声波换能器组件中正变得越来越重要，以确保超声波换能器组件的特有机能。
为了解决这些人们所关注的问题，超声波换能器组件的热管理长期以来一直是超声波换能器组件设计中的重要问题。现有技术中对传送由超声波换能器组件元件所产生的热的各种方法进行了大量的描述。例如，一种方法利用被动冷却装置，在这些装置中，通常将由超声波换能器组件所容纳的超声波换能器所产生的热能被动地散逸到散热装置、电缆和、或外壳。不过，在将热能从超声波换能器组件的多个局部区域去除时，被动冷却可能并不有效。另一种方法结合通常与外部冷却流体进行流体连通的主动冷却装置。主动冷却装置结合风扇、吸入设备、泵和、或其它耗能装置来从超声波换能器组件将热散逸。主动冷却装置昂贵并包括精致的冷却装置。主动冷却装置的示例在发明人为Sliwa Jr.等人的美国专利No.5,560,362中进行了描述。
发明内容
本发明通过提供一种超声波换能器组件克服了现有技术中的缺点，这种超声波换能器组件具有完备的(self-contained)冷却***，这种冷却***将超声波换能器中的多个热源热耦合到散热装置。这种超声波换能器组件还包括热电冷却器，这种热电冷却器热耦合到超声波换能器，以增强热传递过程。
本发明提供超声波换能器组件的改进的热管理。特别地，本发明提供适合于有效地管理超声波换能器组件所产生的热能的超声波换能器组件。本发明中的超声波换能器组件包括用于沿着传播路径传送超声波能量的超声波换能器。这种超声波换能器包括换能器阵列和对应的电路以及冷却***，电路与换能器阵列操作性地连通，且冷却***将换能器阵列中的至少一个和对应的电路热耦合到至少一个散热装置。冷却***限定从换能器中的源至散热装置的低阻热流路径并且将热流的方向保持在基本上与超声波能量的传播路径相反的方向。
在目前所公开的超声波换能器组件的一个方面，通过热电冷却器的加入增强热传递的过程，确定这种热电冷却器的位置，以与超声波换能器组件热连通。特别地，热电冷却器与对应的电路热耦合。在电路的温度高于换能器阵列的温度时启动这种热电冷却器，当电路的温度高于换能器阵列的温度时会导致热朝向患者作用表面传播。热电冷却器适合于将对应的电路的温度偏置低于换能器阵列的温度，以避免从电路向换能器阵列的热传导。因此，完备的冷却***为最低的热阻作好了准备，而热电冷却器通过保持该阵列与散热装置之间的正热梯度将热流保持在正方向(朝向一个或多个散热装置)。
在替代实施例中，优选可将换能器阵列和对应的电路合并成一个整体组件。这样就将换能器阵列和对应的电路所产生的热负荷结合在紧凑的空间中。完备的冷却***将这些合并的负荷热耦合到至少一个散热装置。
本发明中的超声波换能器组件还包括外壳和电缆组件，这种电缆组件用于将超声波换能器组件连接到成像站。可通过材料的选择增强外壳的热导率，即用导热材料构成这种外壳，导热材料如载荷导热聚合物和、或金属。或者，可通过传统的未填充聚合物的内部金属化来提高外壳的热导率。在优选实施例中，该至少一个散热装置可以是该外壳和、或该电缆组件。
还构思出散逸由超声波换能器组件所产生的热能的方法。这种方法包括在超声波换能器组件中提供完备的冷却***的步骤，超声波换能器组件将超声波换能器阵列和对应的超声波换能器阵列的电路中的至少一个热耦合到至少一个散热装置。完备的冷却***包括至少一个传热构件，该至少一个传热构件部分地充有工作流体，并且限定通过该至少一个传热构件的从至少超声波换能器阵列和对应的电路到至少一个散热装置的热流路径。这种方法还包括在超声波换能器组件的运行期间使热能能够沿着该热流路径传播，以使热流路径以与超声波换能器组件的超声波传播路径相对的方向传播热能。这种方法还包括提供热电冷却器的步骤，这种热电冷却器与对应的超声波换能器阵列的电路热耦合，以保持热流以基本上与超声波能的传播相对的方向。
从下面的详细描述并结合附图就会明白本发明的其它特征和优点，这些附图通过示例示出了本发明的原理。
附图说明
通过参考下面的对优选实施例的详细描述就会更深入地了解前面的本发明的特征，下面的对优选实施例的详细描述参考附图，在这些图中：
图1是根据本发明的原理的医学超声波诊断成像***的透视图；
图2是超声波换能器组件的局部截面图，该图示出了根据本发明的完备冷却***；以及
图3是超声波换能器组件的替代实施例的局部截面图，该图示出了根据本发明的完备冷却***。
具体实施方式
本发明中的医学超声波成像***提供介于改进的热管理的超声波换能器组件。这种超声波换能器组件包括超声波换能器阵列和对应的电路并适合于沿着传播路径传送超声波能。而且，本发明中的超声波换能器组件能够从组件中的所有热源将热传导到至少一个散热装置，组件中的所有热源即超声波换能器阵列和对应的电路。
现详细参看附图，在这些图中，相同的参考数字表示类似的或相同的元件，这些图示出了根据本发明的医学超声波成像***，且通常将这种医学超声波成像***称为超声波成像***200。在下面的描述中，传统上的术语“近”是指最接近于操作人员的器具的部分，而术语“远”是指远离操作人员的器具的部分。
参看图1，图中示出了根据本发明的原理构成的医学超声波成像***200。超声波成像***200尤其适合于用在医学诊断成像技术中。超声波成像***200通常包括两个主要的子组件，即成像工作台204和超声波换能器组件202，超声波换能器组件202连接到成像工作台204。超声波成像***200的目的在于提供超声波换能器组件202，这种超声波换能器组件202具有完备的冷却***，这种完备的冷却***适合于从超声波换能器组件202向至少一个散热装置传导热。特别地，通过从超声波换能器组件202到至少一个散热装置的热或热能的热传输，超声波成像***200提供用于超声波换能器组件202的改进的热管理***。
继续参看图1，成像工作台204可以是适于用在医学超声波扫描术中的任何成像工作台。在一个优选实施例中，成像工作台204包括用于执行计算的至少一个处理器206和至少一个存储设备208，该至少一个存储设备208如硬盘驱动器、RAM盘等，并用于由超声波换能器组件202所采集的数据的暂时或长期储存。成像工作台204还提供视频显示器210和输入设备，视频显示器210用于显示图像数据，输入设备如键盘212和鼠标214。
参看图2和图3，现讨论超声波换能器组件202。优选超声波换能器组件202包括超声波换能器，这种超声波换能器可用于沿着传播路径传送超声波能并具有超声波换能器阵列和对应的电路，电路与超声波换能器阵列操作性地连通。超声波换能器组件202还包括外壳102、换能器阵列104、对应的与换能器阵列104操作性地连通的电路106和电缆组件108。优选电缆组件108是用于将超声波换能器组件202连接到成像工作台204的柔性同轴电缆。优选通过硬连线来连通连接换能器阵列104和对应的电路106，不过，还构思出这种连接可以是无线连接或硬线连接和无线连接的组合。
超声波换能器组件202还包括完备的冷却***110，这种完备的冷却***110将换能器阵列104和对应的电路106热耦合到散热装置112。冷却***110的基部功能是超声波换能器组件202中多个热源即换能器阵列104和对应的电路106的热管理。或者，完备的冷却***110将换能器阵列104或对应的电路106中的一个热耦合到散热装置112。完备的冷却***110将热从换能器阵列104和对应的电路106传导到散热装置112。完备的冷却***110限定热流路径(用方向箭头“Q+”示出)。由超声波换能器组件202产生的超声波能的传播路径的方向与由完备的冷却***110所限定的热流路径相对。优选完备的冷却***110的器件包括具有高热导率的材料，即具有低热阻的材料，如铜。
继续参看图2，完备的冷却***110的主要器件是第一和第二传热构件110A和110E。第一传热构件110A可部分地充有工作流体，以将换能器阵列104热耦合到电路106或散热装置112。第二传热构件110E可部分地充有工作流体，以将对应的电路106热耦合到一个或多个散热装置112A和112B。散热装置112A包括电缆组件108，且散热装置112B包括导热外壳102。热耦合传热构件110E通过将第二传热构件110E的近端经由电缆组件108伸到散热装置112A中来将热散逸到散热装置112A。或者，热耦合传热构件110E通过装有导热材料来将热散逸到散热装置112B。
可通过材料的选择增强外壳102的热导率，即用导热材料构成这种外壳，导热材料如载荷导热聚合物和、或金属。或者，可通过传统的未填充聚合物的内部金属化来提高外壳102的热导率。
可包括热电冷却器114，以增强完备的冷却***110的传热过程。热电冷却器114热耦合在冷却***中并位于一个或多个源与一个或多个散热装置之间。热电冷却器114可以是具有闭合DC电路并适于用在要求温度冷却用途中的任何热电冷却器。如这些图所示，热电冷却器114包括热表面114h和冷表面114c。冷表面114c热耦合到热源，如电路106。热表面114h热耦合到散热装置112。在示于图2的实施例中，热电冷却器114热耦合到电路106。然后通过完备的冷却***110的第二传热构件110E将热电冷却器114的热表面114h耦合到散热装置112A。热电冷却器114保持正热梯度。即，热电冷却器114将从换能器阵列104和电路106发出的热流保持在正方向，即，朝向散热装置112A，正方向由方向箭头“Q+”示出。
当电路106的温度高于换能器阵列104的温度时启动热电冷却器114。此外，其它依据如阵列温度和成像模式也可用于启动主动冷却***。因此，热电冷却器114会将电路106的温度偏置低于换能器阵列104的温度，以避免从电路向阵列结构的热传导，即以与由方向箭头“Q+”示出的方向相对的方向。
参看图3，该图示出了替代实施例。示于图3中的实施例类似于示于图2中的实施例，不同之处在于电路106整***于阵列中，从而紧邻热源，并将第一传热构件110A移去。完备的冷却***110将合并的热负荷热耦合到散热装置112A和、或112B。然后，可将主动冷却***像前面所描述的那样用于增强到散热装置112A和、或112B的热流。
将会理解，可对本发明的实施例从形式和细节上进行各种修改和变化，而并不背离本发明的精神和范围。因此，前面的描述仅仅是本发明的优选实施例的范例，而不应解释为对本发明进行限制。本领域中熟练的技术人员可在由所附的权利要求书所限定的本发明的精神和范围内构思出其它的变化形式。因此，已对专利法所要求的本发明细节和详情进行了描述，所主张的和希望保护的内容在所附的权利要求书中阐述。

Claims (20)

1.一种超声波换能器组件，所述超声波换能器组件包括：
超声波换能器，所述超声波换能器用于沿着传播路径传送超声波能，所述超声波换能器包括换能器阵列和对应的电路，所述对应的电路与所述换能器阵列操作性地连通；以及
完备的冷却***，所述完备的冷却***将所述换能器阵列和所述对应的电路中的至少一个热耦合到至少一个散热装置，所述完备的冷却***包括至少一个传热构件，其中，所述完备的冷却***通过所述至少一个传热构件限定从所述换能器阵列和所述对应的电路中的至少一个至所述至少一个散热装置的热流路径，所述超声波能的传播路径基本上与所述热流路径的方向相反。
2.如权利要求1所述的超声波换能器，其特征在于：还包括热电冷却器，所述热电冷却器与至少一个源、换能器阵列(104)或电路(106)热耦合。
3.如权利要求1所述的超声波换能器，其特征在于：所述至少一个传热构件包括第一元件和第二元件，所述第一元件位于所述换能器阵列与所述对应的电路之间，且所述第二元件位于所述对应的电路与所述至少一个散热装置之间。
4.如权利要求1所述的超声波换能器，其特征在于：所述至少一个传热构件的中心轴线基本上与所述至少一个散热装置的中心轴线成直线。
5.如权利要求1所述的超声波换能器，其特征在于：所述至少一个散热装置包括电缆组件的至少一部分。
6.如权利要求1所述的超声波换能器，其特征在于：还包括封闭所述完备的冷却***的外壳，其中所述至少一个散热装置是所述外壳。
7.如权利要求6所述的超声波换能器，其特征在于：所述至少一个散热装置包括所述外壳和电缆组件。
8.如权利要求1所述的超声波换能器，其特征在于：所述至少一个传热构件部分地充有工作流体。
9.如权利要求1所述的超声波换能器，其特征在于：所述至少一个传热构件热耦合到所述换能器阵列并穿过至少一个散热装置的一部分延伸。
10.如权利要求1所述的超声波换能器，其特征在于：所述换能器阵列位于紧邻所述对应的电路的位置。
11.如权利要求1所述的超声波换能器，其特征在于：用热导聚合物构成所述至少一个散热装置。
12.如权利要求1所述的超声波换能器，其特征在于：所述冷却流体包括液相和气相的组合。
13.一种超声波换能器组件，所述超声波换能器组件包括：
至少一个热导散热装置；
换能器，所述换能器安装成与所述至少一个热导散热装置操作性地连通，所述换能器用于沿着传播路径传送超声波能，所述换能器包括换能器阵列和对应的电路，所述对应的电路耦合到所述换能器阵列；
完备的冷却***，所述完备的冷却***与所述换能器热连通，以将由所述换能器阵列和对应的电路所产生的热传导到所述至少一个散热装置，其中，所述完备的冷却***通过所述至少一个传热构件限定从所述换能器阵列和所述对应的电路至所述至少一个散热装置的热流，其中所述传播路径与所述热流路径的方向相反。
14.如权利要求13所述的超声波换能器，其特征在于：还包括热电冷却器，所述热电冷却器与所述对应的换能器阵列(104)或电路(106)热耦合。
15.如权利要求13所述的超声波换能器，其特征在于：所述热电冷却器安装在临近于所述电路的位置。
16.如权利要求13所述的超声波换能器，其特征在于：所述完备的冷却***延伸到所述至少一个散热装置中。
17.如权利要求13所述的超声波换能器，其特征在于：所述至少一个传热构件部分地充有工作流体。
18.如权利要求13所述的超声波换能器，其特征在于：用热导材料构成所述至少一个散热装置，所述热导材料选自包含热导聚合物和金属的组。
19.一种散逸由超声波换能器组件所产生的热能的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
提供超声波换能器组件；以及
在所述超声波换能器组件中提供完备的冷却***，所述完备的冷却***将换能器阵列和对应的所述换能器阵列的电路中的至少一个热耦合到至少一个散热装置，所述完备的冷却***包括充有工作流体的至少一个传热构件，所述至少一个传热构件通过至少一个储液器限定从所述换能器阵列和对应的电路中的至少一个至所述至少一个散热装置的热流路径，以及
在所述超声波换能器组件的运行期间使所述热能能够沿着所述热流路径传播，其中，所述热流路径以与所述超声波换能器组件的超声波传播路径相对的方向传播所述热能。
20.如权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于：还包括提供与所述超声波换能器热耦合的热电冷却器的步骤。
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