CN101132765A - 基于特种支链烃的润肤剂和化妆用组合物 - Google Patents
基于特种支链烃的润肤剂和化妆用组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101132765A CN101132765A CNA2006800070807A CN200680007080A CN101132765A CN 101132765 A CN101132765 A CN 101132765A CN A2006800070807 A CNA2006800070807 A CN A2006800070807A CN 200680007080 A CN200680007080 A CN 200680007080A CN 101132765 A CN101132765 A CN 101132765A
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种含烃的化妆用的和/或药用的组合物,该烃通过科尔伯-电解(a)至少一种支链的C6-C26-脂肪酸或(b)由至少一种直链C3-C26-脂肪酸和至少一种支链的C4-C26-脂肪酸组成的混合物而制得。该化合物的特征为其是一种高展开性的油成分。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及含烃基油体的化妆用组合物,其通过科尔伯(Kolbe)-合成得到,本发明还涉及这类烃的应用。
背景技术
在适于皮肤护理和头发护理的化妆乳液领域中,使用者提出大量要求:除了决定应用目的的清洁和护理作用,重要价值还在于如优良的皮肤相容性、好的回油特性、完美的形象、最佳的感觉印象和贮存稳定性的各种不同参数。
用于清洁和护理人类皮肤和头发的配剂一般除含有一系列的表面活性物质外还主要含油体和水。作为油体/润肤剂例如使用烃、酯油以及植物和动物的油/脂肪/蜡。为满足市场在感觉特性和最佳皮肤相容性方面的要求,不断研制和试验新型的油体和乳化剂-混合物。
早就已知在化妆组合物中使用烃。如作为惰性油体使用矿物油和石蜡油。其均有缺点,即由感觉方面看,留下“沉重”的肤感和差的展开性。还已知使用具有改进的可展开性的各种烃的产品混合物,如按DE 10317781或DE 10324508所述的方法制得的实例。这类混合物是难以表征的,并含有大量不同的各个成分,其各自对可展开性的作用也难以评价。
因此本发明的目的是提供另一些适用于化妆品的高度展开性的挥发性烃,其可简单并以高产率制备。本发明的另一方面是提供一类烃,其适于作为硅氧烷的代用成分,甚至具有挥发性硅氧烷的感觉特色。
令人意外的发现,通过脂肪酸的科尔伯电解制备的烃适合用于化妆品中作为挥发性的高度展开性的润肤剂,并特别可以高产率得到。科尔伯-电解本身是一种制备烃的早为已知的方法(H.Kolbe,Liebig Ann.Chem.1849,69,257-294),并是一种现有技术。但至今还未描述过由此按需制备的对称性结构的烃可适用于化妆品中。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种化妆用的组合物,其包含至少一种具有至少10个碳原子的烃,该烃通过科尔伯-电解(a)至少一种支链的C6-C26-脂肪酸或(b)由至少一种直链C3-C26-脂肪酸和至少一种支链的C4-C26-脂肪酸组成的混合物而制得。按本发明,该烃必须有至少10个碳原子的链长,以适于化妆应用。如果具有支链的脂肪酸与直链C3-脂肪酸(丙酸)反应,则该支链脂肪酸必须含至少9个碳原子,由此所得的烃至少含10个碳原子总量。反之,在使用支链的C4-脂肪酸时,该直链脂肪酸必须含至少8个碳原子。在本发明中,化妆用的或药用的组合物既可含通过科尔伯-电解产生的单一烃,也可含通过科尔伯-电解各种支链的C6-C26-脂肪酸或通过科尔伯-电解直链C3-C26的脂肪酸和支链C4-C26脂肪酸所产生的产品-混合物。依各应用目的的不同,其在各个情况下是有优点的。
科尔伯-电解的优点是不导致自由基的异构化。在直流电的影响下金属阳离子移向阴极,而带负电的羧酸根移向阳极,在阳极上通过阳极的氧化而进行脱羧基作用。接着形成的烷基-自由基二聚化。通过二聚化形成的产物是对称的并具有其中准确再现脂肪酸结构特性即保留结构特性的结构。由此该通过科尔伯-电解所得的润肤剂具有取代模式,这通过其它制备方法(如低聚化)是得不到的。通过科尔伯合成得到的烷不同于已知的支链烷-润肤剂。例如2-乙基己烷的科尔伯-电解特别可导致对称结构的二乙基癸烷(J.E.Barry,M.Finkelstein,E.A.Mayeda,S.D.Ross,J.Am.Chem.Soc.1976,98,8098-8101)。
图1
按情况而论,是否是使用单一的脂肪酸或脂肪酸混合物作为原料,可准确控制所预计产物的数目。在羧酸混合物电解时,产生所有可能的对称的和不对称的自由基-组合的产物。不同于通过缩合反应和聚合作用得到的烃-混合物情况,在科尔伯-电解时该产物混合物的组成是较易控制、可准确定义并不太复杂的。因此可按需在烃中引入支链位置并研制具有最佳化展开级联的烃混合物,其在化妆品中的应用导致感觉上的优点。按本发明,例如可对由新戊酸和异硬脂酸以摩尔比1∶1组成的混合物进行科尔伯-电解,并将反应产物引入化妆用配剂中。使用C6-C22-脂肪酸进行科尔伯-电解是本发明优选的,因为所产生的烃具有适于化妆应用的较好特性。
本发明中特别优选的组合物的特征在于,通过科尔伯-电解制备的烃含有最多22个碳原子。含最多22个碳原子的烃的特征是在最终配方中有较好的挥发性和感觉优点,并特别适合作为硅氧烷替代物。
在本发明的另一优选方案中,所含的组合物含有至少一种通过乙基己酸、异壬酸、异癸酸、异硬脂酸、单体脂肪酸、新癸酸或这些脂肪酸的任意混合物的电解得到的烃,或上述一种或多种脂肪酸与新戊酸或环己羧酸的混合物的电解得到的烃。
单体脂肪酸是本专业人所熟知的用于由支链的未饱和的脂肪酸组成的混合物的术语。本发明中也适于使用Exxon Mobile公司的Cekanoic C8(异辛酸)、Cekanoic C9(异壬酸:3,5,5-三甲基己酸和2,5,5-三甲基己酸)和Cekanoic C10(异癸酸),其为异构化混合物。
在另一优选方案中,该组合物含有至少一种通过科尔伯-电解得到的饱和烃。使用饱和烃是有利的,因为其对氧化不太敏感。
本发明的组合物含有通过科尔伯-电解制得的烃,其含量按总组成计优选为0.1-50重量%。
使用在α-位无支链的支链脂肪酸对本发明是有利的。在α-位的支链偶尔会导致科尔伯-电解的低产率。
本发明的目的还在于含有至少10个碳原子的烃其在化妆用组合物中用作高度展开性的油体或作为硅氧烷替代物,该烃是通过科尔伯-电解(a)至少一种支链的C6-C26-脂肪酸或(b)由至少一种直链C3-C26-脂肪酸和至少一种支链C4-C26-脂肪酸组成的混合物制得。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种制备化妆用和/或药用组合物的方法,方法中将通过科尔伯-电解(a)至少一种支链的C6-C26-脂肪酸或(b)由至少一种直链C3-C26-脂肪酸和至少一种支链C4-C26-脂肪酸组成的混合物制得的具有至少10个碳原子的烃作为油相,需要时还含其它油溶性成分,并与水相,需要时还含其它水溶性成分,以及需要时的其它的常用的助剂和添加剂一起加工成乳液。优选是该科尔伯-电解以非稀释的脂肪酸进行或以在溶剂中的脂肪酸进行,这时1-25摩尔%的脂肪酸用碱中和,并在100-1000mA/cm2的电流密度和0-70℃下进行电解。
科尔伯-电解(通用规程)
应用纯的或在溶剂(优选甲醇;特别优选含水(1-5重量%,优选2.5-3重量%)的甲醇)中的脂肪酸。用碱(优选的碱是甲醇钠)中和一部分酸(1-25摩尔%,优选5-15摩尔%)。该电解在铂电极、铂/铌电极、石墨电极或玻璃碳(玻璃状碳)电极上进行。电流密度为100-1000mA/cm2(优选150-700mA/cm2,特别优选200-600mA/cm2)。该电解在0-70℃(优选35-50℃)下进行。
因为所得的烃不与极性反应溶液(甲醇中的羧酸)相混合,所以产物在第二相中析出。将该相分出,并且该相含有高纯度的所需的烃(润肤剂)。
经科尔伯-电解制得的烃比可比较的烃具有更好的展开性(见图1)。为此在24℃和40%空气湿度下将25μl的小滴滴在过滤纸上。在图中绘出该滴的自动展宽与时间的关系,该滴展宽得越快,则其展开性越好。
化妆用/药用配剂
该通过科尔伯-电解制得的烃可用于制备稳定的化妆用和药用乳液,需要时有展开级联,并且该烃也适用于在化妆用和药用组合物中作为硅氧烷取代物。
本发明的组合物可以是用于体护理的制剂如体乳液、霜、洗液、可喷雾的乳液、用于去除体气味的产品等。该烃也可用在含表面活性剂的制剂中如泡沫浴剂和淋浴剂、洗发剂和护发素。依应用目的该化妆用制剂可含一系列其它助剂和添加剂如表面活性剂、其它油体、乳化剂、珠光蜡、稠度赋予剂、增稠剂、溢油剂、稳定剂、聚合物、脂肪、蜡、卵磷脂、磷脂、生命素活性剂、UV-防光因子、抗氧化剂、除臭剂、止汗剂、抗头皮屑剂、成膜剂、膨胀剂、防虫剂、自褐剂、酪氨酸酶抑制剂(除色素剂)、水溶助长剂、增溶剂、防腐剂、香料油、染料等,下面示例性说明。
表面活性剂
表面活性剂可包括阴离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂、阳离子表面活性剂和/或两性表面活性剂或两性离子表面活性剂。在含表面活性剂的化妆用配剂中如淋浴凝胶、泡沫浴剂、洗发剂等优选含至少一种阴离子表面活性剂。该表面活性剂的含量通常为约1-30,优选5-25和特别优选10-20重量%。
阴离子表面活性剂的典型实例是皂、烷基苯基磺酸酯、链烷烃磺酸酯、烯烃磺酸酯、烷基醚磺酸酯、甘油醚磺酸酯、α-甲基酯磺酸酯、磺基脂肪酸、烷基硫酸酯、脂肪醇醚硫酸酯、甘油醚硫酸酯、脂肪酸醚硫酸酯、羟基混合-醚硫酸酯、单酸甘油酯(醚)硫酸酯、脂肪酸酰胺(醚)硫酸酯、单烷基磺基琥珀酸酯和双烷基磺基琥珀酸酯、磺基甘油三酯、酰胺皂、醚羧酸和其盐、脂肪酸羟乙基磺酸酯、脂肪酸肌氨酸酯、脂肪酸氨基乙磺酸酯、N-酰基氨基酸如酰基乳酰酯、酰基酒石酸酯、酰基谷氨酸酯和酰基天冬氨酸酯、烷基低聚葡糖苷硫酸酯、蛋白脂肪酸缩合物(特别是基于小麦的植物产物)和烷基(醚)磷酸酯。只要阴离子表面活性剂含聚乙二醇醚链,则其具有通常的但优选一种窄的同系物分布。非离子表面活性剂的典型实例是脂肪醇聚乙二醇醚、烷基酚聚乙二醇醚、脂肪酸聚乙二醇酯、脂肪酸酰胺聚乙二醇醚、脂肪胺聚乙二醇醚、烷氧基化的甘油三酯、混合醚或混合缩甲醛、任选部分氧化的链烷(烯)基低聚糖苷或葡萄糖醛酸(Glucoronsure)衍生物、脂肪酸-N-烷基葡糖酰胺、蛋白水解物(特别是基于小麦的植物产物)、多元醇脂肪酸酯、糖酯、脱水山梨醇酯、聚山梨酸酯和胺氧化物。只要非离子表面活性剂含有聚乙二醇醚链,则其具有通常的但优选是一种窄的同系物分布。阳离子表面活性剂的典型实例是季铵化合物如二甲基二硬脂酰基氯化铵和季酯(Esterquate),特别是季铵化的脂肪酸三链烷醇胺酯盐。两性或两性离子表面活性剂的典型实例是烷基甜菜碱、烷基酰胺基甜菜碱、氨基丙酸酯、氨基甘氨酸酯、咪唑啉甜菜碱和磺基甜菜碱。所述的表面活性剂完全地包括已知的化合物。关于这些物质的结构和制备可参阅该领域的有关概述论文。特别适用的温和的即特别与皮肤相容的表面活性剂是脂肪醇聚乙二醇醚硫酸酯、单酸甘油酯硫酸酯、单烷基磺基琥珀酸酯和/或双烷基磺基琥珀酸酯、脂肪酸羟乙基磺酸酯、脂肪酸肌氨酸酯、脂肪酸氨基乙磺酸酯、脂肪酸谷氨酸酯、α-烯属磺酸酯、醚羧酸、烷基低聚葡糖苷、脂肪酸葡糖酰胺、烷基酰胺基甜菜碱、两性缩醛和/或蛋白脂肪酸缩合物,该蛋白脂肪酸缩合物优选基于小麦蛋白。
油体
体护理剂如霜、洗剂和乳液通常含一系列的有助于感觉特性最佳化的其它油体和润肤剂。该油体的通常含量占总量的1-50重量%,优选5-25重量%,特别是5-15重量%。作为其它油体例如是基于含6-18,优选8-10碳原子的脂肪醇的Guerbet醇、直链的C6-C22-脂肪酸和直链或支链C6-C22-脂肪醇的酯或支链的C6-C13-羧酸和直链或支链的C6-C22-脂肪醇的酯,如肉豆寇基肉豆寇酸酯、肉豆寇基棕榈酸酯、肉豆寇基硬脂酸酯、肉豆寇基异硬脂酸酯、肉豆寇基油酸酯、肉豆寇基山萮酸酯、肉豆寇基芥酸酯、鲸蜡基肉豆寇酸酯、鲸蜡基棕榈酸酯、鲸蜡基硬脂酸酯、鲸蜡基异硬脂酸酯、鲸蜡基油酸酯、鲸蜡基山萮酸酯、鲸蜡基芥酸酯、硬脂酸基肉豆寇酸酯、硬脂酸基棕榈酸酯、硬脂酸基硬脂酸酯、硬脂酸基异硬脂酸酯、硬脂酸基油酸酯、硬脂酸基山萮酸酯、硬脂酸基芥酸酯、异硬脂酸基肉豆寇酸酯、异硬脂酸基棕榈酸酯、异硬脂酸基硬脂酸酯、异硬脂酸基异硬脂酸酯、异硬脂酸基油酸酯、异硬脂酸基山萮酸酯、异硬脂酸基油酸酯、油基肉豆寇酸酯、油基棕榈酸酯、油基硬脂酸酯、油基异硬脂酸酯、油基油酸酯、油基山萮酸酯、油基芥酸酯、山萮酸基肉豆寇酸酯、山萮酸基棕榈酸酯、山萮酸基硬脂酸酯、山萮酸基异硬脂酸酯、山萮酸基油酸酯、山萮酸基山萮酸酯、山萮酸基芥酸酯、芥酸基肉豆寇酸酯、芥酸基棕榈酸酯、芥酸基硬脂酸酯、芥酸基异硬脂酸酯、芥酸基油酸酯、芥酸基山萮酸酯和芥酸基芥酸酯。此外,适用的是直链的C6-C22-脂肪酸和支链醇,特别是2-乙基己醇的酯、C18-C38-烷基羟基羧酸和直链或支链的C6-C22-脂肪醇的酯,特别是二辛基马来酸酯、直链和/或支链脂肪酸和多元醇(如丙二醇、二聚二醇或三聚三醇)和/或Guerbet醇的酯、基于C6-C10-脂肪酸的甘油三酯、基于C6-C18-脂肪酸的液态甘油一酯/甘油二酯/甘油三酯混合物、C6-C22-脂肪醇和/或Guerbet醇和芳族羧酸,特别是苯甲酸的酯、C2-C12-二羧酸和1-22碳原子的直链或支链醇或2-10碳原子和2-6个羟基的多元醇的酯、植物油、支链伯醇、取代环己烷、直链和支链的C6-C22-脂肪醇碳酸酯,如碳酸二辛酯(CetiolCC)、基于6-18,优选8-10碳原子的脂肪醇的Guerbet碳酸酯、苯甲酸和直链和/或支链C6-C22-醇(如FinsolvTN)的酯、含每个烷基中有6-22碳原子的直链或支链、对称或不对称的二烷基醚,如二辛基醚(CetioOE)、环氧化的脂肪酸和多元醇的开环产物。
脂肪和蜡
脂肪和蜡可加到体护理产品中作为护理剂,也可用其增加化妆品的稠度。脂肪的典型实例是甘油酯,即固体的植物或动物产品,其主要由高级脂肪酸的混合甘油酯组成。也可使用脂肪酸偏甘油酯,即含具有12-18碳原子的脂肪酸的甘油的工业级单酯和/或双酯如甘油单/双-月桂酸酯、甘油单/双-棕榈酸酯或甘油单/双-硬脂酸酯。作为蜡可使用特别是天然蜡,如小烛树蜡、巴西棕榈蜡、日本蜡、西班牙草蜡、软木蜡、Guaruma蜡、米胚油(Reiskeiml)蜡、甘蔗蜡、小冠椰子蜡、褐煤蜡、蜂蜡、虫胶蜡、鲸蜡、羊毛脂(羊毛蜡)、尾脂脂肪、微晶蜡、地蜡、石油蜡、石蜡、微蜡;化学改性蜡(硬蜡)如褐煤酯蜡、Sasol蜡、氢化西蒙得木蜡以及合成蜡如聚亚烷基蜡和聚乙二醇蜡。除脂肪外还可用类脂肪物质作为添加剂如卵磷脂和磷脂。天然卵磷脂的实例是脑磷脂,其也称为磷脂酸,并是1,2-二酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸的衍生物。与此相反,磷脂通常意指磷酸与甘油的单酯和优选双酯(甘油磷酸酯),其通常归属于脂肪。此外还可用鞘氨醇或鞘脂类。
适于用作增稠剂的例如为高分散的硅胶-类(亲水性硅酸盐)、多糖,特别是黄原酸胶、瓜耳胶、琼脂、藻酸盐和纤基乙酸钠、羧甲基纤维素和羟乙基纤维素和羟丙基纤维素、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和膨润土如BentoneGel VS-5PC(Rheox)。
UV-防光因子意指例如在室温下以液态或结晶状存在的有机物质(防光滤剂),其可吸收紫外射线并将吸收的能量以长波辐射如热再次放出。UV-B-滤剂可以是溶于油的或溶于水的。典型的UV-A-滤剂特别可使用苯甲酰基甲烷的衍生物。该UV-A-滤剂和UV-B-滤剂当然也可以混合物使用,例如由苯甲酰基甲烷的衍生物,如4-叔-丁基-4’-甲氧基二苯甲酰基甲烷(Parsol1789)和2-氰基-3,3’-苯基肉桂酸-2-乙基-己基酯(氰双苯丙烯酸辛酯)以及肉桂酸的酯,优选4-甲氧基肉桂酸-2-乙基己基酯和/或4-甲氧基肉桂酸丙基酯和/或4-甲氧基肉桂酸异戊基酯的组合物。这类组合物经常与溶于水的滤剂如2-苯基苯并咪唑-5-磺酸和其碱金属盐、碱土金属盐、铵盐、烷基铵盐、链烷醇铵盐和葡糖铵盐相组合。
除所述的可溶性物质外,还可使用不溶性的防光颜料即细分散的金属氧化物。适用的金属氧化物的实例特别是氧化锌和二氧化钛。除这两组主要防光物质外,还可使用可中断光化学反应链的抗氧化剂类的次防光剂,当UV-射入皮肤中时它引发该链。
生命素活性剂意指例如生育酚、生育酚乙酸酯、生育酚棕榈酸酯、抗坏血酸、(脱氧)核糖核酸和其片段产物、β-葡聚糖、视黄醇、没药醇、尿囊素、植烷三醇、泛醇、AHA-酸、氨基酸、神经酰胺、假神经酰胺、精油、植物提取液如李属提取液、非洲花生提取液(Bambaranusextrakt)和维生素复合物。
除臭活性剂阻止体味、掩盖或清除体味。体臭通过皮肤菌作用于顶泌汗腺而产生,这时形成难闻的分解产物。因此适于作为除臭活性剂的特别是细菌阻止剂、阻酶剂、吸臭剂或臭味掩盖剂。
作为驱虫剂可使用例如N,N-二乙基-间-甲苯甲酰胺、1,2-戊二醇或3-(N-正-丁基-N-乙酰基-氨基)-丙酸乙基酯,其由Merck KGaA公司以牌号Insect Repellent3535销售,还有丁基乙酰基氨基丙酸酯。
用作自褐剂适用的是二羟基丙酮。可使用防止黑素形成并在脱色剂中应用的酪氨酸抑制剂如熊果苷、阿魏酸、曲酸、香豆素酸和抗坏血酸(维生素C)。
用作防腐剂适用的是如苯氧基乙醇、甲醛溶液、对羟基苯甲酸酯、戊二醇或山梨糖酸以及已知的牌号为Surfacine的银络合物以及在化妆品规定中的附件6的部分A和B中提及的其它物质类。
作为香料油可提及由天然的和合成的香料组成的混合物。天然香料是花、茎和叶、果实、果壳、根、木材(Holzern)、香草和草、针叶和枝、树脂和香脂的提取物。此外,还可使用动物原料如麝猫香和河狸香以及合成的酯、醚、醛、酮、醇和烃的香料化合物。
作为珠光蜡,特别是适用于表面活性剂制剂的珠光蜡例如:亚烷基乙二醇酯,特别是乙二醇二硬脂酸酯;脂肪酸链烷醇酰胺,特别是椰油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺,偏甘油酯,尤其是硬脂酸单甘油酯;多元的酯,任选羟基取代的羧酸与含6-22碳原子的脂肪醇的酯,特别是酒石酸的长链酯;脂肪如含总数至少为24碳原子的脂肪醇、脂肪酮、脂肪醛、脂肪醚和脂肪碳酸酯,特别是月桂酮和二硬脂酸醚;脂肪酸如硬脂酸、羟基硬脂酸或山萮酸、含12-22碳原子的烯属环氧化物和含12-22碳原子的脂肪醇的开环产物和/或含2-15碳原子和2-10羟基的多元醇以及其混合物。
作为溢脂剂可使用物质如羊毛脂和卵磷脂以及聚乙氧化或酰基化的羊毛脂衍生物和卵磷脂衍生物、多元醇脂肪酸酯、单甘油酯和脂肪酸链烷醇酰胺,该脂肪酸链烷醇酰胺同时也用作泡沫稳定剂。
作为稳定剂可应用脂肪酸的金属盐如硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸铝和/或硬脂酸锌或蓖麻酸镁、蓖麻酸铝和/或蓖麻酸锌。
为改进流动特性,还可使用水溶助长剂,如乙醇、异丙醇、或多元醇。这里所考虑的多元醇优选具有2-15碳原子和至少两个羟基。该多元醇还可含其它官能基特别是氨基或用氮改性。
实施例
实施例1:
电解是在不分开的200ml的烧杯槽中进行。面积各为1cm2的两铂片电极以电极间距离为1-3mm定位。该电极连入电源设备(3A/30V)。在电解槽中加入40g(0.28摩尔)乙基己酸、2.5g甲醇钠(0.014摩尔,在甲醇中的30%溶液)和4.2g水,并用甲醇充至150ml。在搅拌下该溶液以0.5A的恒定电流电解,为此所需的电压为26V。该电解槽用冰/水冷却,以使温度调为40℃。15小时后停止电解。该无色产物作为第二相析出。产量为16.0g。产物的气体色谱分析表明二乙基癸烷的含量>95%(见图)。
实施例2:
电解是在不分开的200ml的烧杯槽中进行。面积各为1cm2的两铂片电极以电极间距离为1-3mm定位。该电极连入电源设备(3A/30V)。在电解槽中加入40g(0.28摩尔)Cekanoic C8(Exxon公司)、2.5g甲醇钠(0.014摩尔,在甲醇中的30%溶液)和4.2g水,并用甲醇充至150ml。在搅拌下该溶液以0.5A的恒定电流电解,为此所需的电压为26V。该电解槽用冰/水冷却,以使温度调为40℃。15小时后停止电解。该无色产物作为第二相析出。产物的气体色谱分析表明包含具有甲基支链的多个异构体的支链C14-烃的含量>95%。该甲基支链具有与原料Cekanoic C8相同的分布样式。产量为17.0g。
实施例3:
电解是在不分开的200ml的烧杯槽中进行。面积各为1cm2的两铂片电极以电极间距离为1-3mm定位。该电极连入电源设备(3A/30V)。在电解槽中加入23g(0.16摩尔)乙基己酸、18.5g(0.16摩尔)己酸、2.9g甲醇钠(0.016摩尔,在甲醇中的30%溶液)和4.2g水,并用甲醇充至150ml。在搅拌下该溶液以0.4A的恒定电流电解,为此所需的电压为26V。该电解槽用冰/水冷却,以使温度调为40℃。15小时后停止电解。该无色产物作为第二相析出。产量为18.5g。产物的气体色谱分析表明由三种不同的烃组成的混合物的总含量>95%。该三种烃为癸烷、乙基癸烷和二乙基癸烷。(见图)
实施例中所述的产量不是最佳的,可由专业人员通过程序最佳化来改进。
化妆用组合物
所用的以重量%表示的用量均按化妆用配剂的重量计
市售名 | INCI名称 | 重量% |
Emulgade PL68/50 | 十六十八烷基(Cetearyl)葡糖苷(和)十六十八烷基醇 | 5.00 |
Amphisol K | 鲸蜡基磷酸钾 | 0.50 |
Cutina GMS-V | 甘油基硬脂酸酯 | 1.00 |
二乙基癸烷 | - | 6.00 |
Myritol 318 | 辛/癸甘油三酯 | 5.00 |
Novata AB | 椰油基甘油酯 | 1.00 |
Wacker Siliconl AK350 | 聚二甲基硅氧烷 | 0.30 |
Carbopol 980 | Carbomer | 0.30 |
99%的甘油 | 甘油 | 5.00 |
KOH(20%) | 0.60 | |
甲醛水溶液37.5% | 0.15 | |
蒸馏H2O | 加到100 | |
粘度[mPas]*) | 125000 |
*)用TE-Spindel测定,4Upm+Helipath,23℃
市售名 | INCI名称 | 重量% |
Cutina GMS-SE | 甘油基硬脂酸酯 | 5.50 |
Eumulgin B1 | Ceteareth-12 | 0.20 |
Cutina FS45 | 硬脂酸(和)棕榈酸 | 2.00 |
Lanette 16 | 鲸蜡醇 | 1.50 |
Fitoderm | 角鲨烷 | 6.00 |
二乙基癸烷 | - | 5.00 |
Cegesoft SH | Shorea Stenoptera | 5.00 |
Cegesoft PFO | Passiflora Incarnata | 1.00 |
Cetiol MM | 肉豆寇基肉豆寇酸酯 | 1.00 |
99%的甘油 | 甘油 | 5.00 |
甲醛水溶液37.5% | 0.15 | |
蒸馏H2O | 93.85 | |
粘度[mPas]*) | 187500 |
*)用TE-Spindel测定,4Upm+Helipath,23℃
Claims (9)
1.一种化妆用的和/或药用的组合物,其包含至少一种含至少10个碳原子的烃,该烃通过科尔伯-电解
(a)至少一种支链的C6-C26-脂肪酸或
(b)至少一种直链C3-C26-脂肪酸和至少一种支链的C4-C26-脂肪酸的混合物
制得。
2.权利要求1的组合物,其特征在于,该烃含最多22个碳原子。
3.权利要求1-2中至少之一的组合物,其特征在于,该支链脂肪酸在α-位无支链。
4.权利要求1-3中至少之一的组合物,其特征在于,该烃是饱和烃。
5.权利要求1-2中至少之一的组合物,其特征在于,所使用的脂肪酸为乙基己酸、异壬酸、异癸酸、异硬脂酸、单体脂肪酸、新癸酸或这些脂肪酸的任意混合物,或上述一种或多种脂肪酸与新戊酸或环己羧酸的混合物。
6.权利要求1-5中至少之一的组合物,其特征在于,烃的量按总组合物计为0.1-50重量%。
7.含至少10个碳原子的烃在化妆用和/或药用组合物中作为展开性优良的油体或作为硅氧烷替代物的应用,该烃通过科尔伯-电解
(a)至少一种支链的C6-C26-脂肪酸或
(b)至少一种直链C3-C26-脂肪酸和至少一种支链的C4-C26-脂肪酸的混合物
制得。
8.一种用于制备化妆用和/或药用组合物的方法,方法中将通过科尔伯-电解
(a)至少一种支链的C6-C26-脂肪酸或
(b)至少一种直链C3-C26-脂肪酸和至少一种支链的C4-C26-脂肪酸的混合物
制得的含至少10个碳原子的烃作为油相与水相一起加工成乳液,且需要时还可以加入其它通用的助剂和添加剂,需要时该油相还含其它油溶性成分,需要时该水相还含其它水溶性成分。
9.权利要求8的方法,其特征在于,用未经稀释的脂肪酸或用在溶剂中的脂肪酸进行科尔伯-电解,其中1-25摩尔%的脂肪酸经碱中和,并在电流密度为100-1000mA/cm2和温度为0-70℃下进行电解。
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DE102005009853A DE102005009853A1 (de) | 2005-03-04 | 2005-03-04 | Emollients und kosmetische Zusammensetzungen auf Basis spezieller verzweigter Kohlenwasserstoffe |
DE102005011691.4 | 2005-03-11 | ||
DE102005011691A DE102005011691A1 (de) | 2005-03-11 | 2005-03-11 | Emollients und kosmetische Zusammensetzungen auf Basis spezieller verzweigter Kohlenwasserstoffe |
PCT/EP2006/001641 WO2006094642A1 (de) | 2005-03-04 | 2006-02-23 | Emollients und kosmetische zusammensetzungen auf basis spezieller verzweigter kohlenwasserstoffe |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN107944639A (zh) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-04-20 | 天津大学 | 一种基于最优流法与Mayeda生成树实用算法的配网重构方法 |
CN110016688A (zh) * | 2019-04-08 | 2019-07-16 | 天津大学 | 一种醇类物质的电化学制备方法 |
CN110016686A (zh) * | 2019-04-08 | 2019-07-16 | 天津大学 | 由混合羧酸电解制备烃类物质的方法 |
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US2760926A (en) * | 1955-09-14 | 1956-08-28 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Process for the preparation of aliphatic ethers |
DE3615854A1 (de) * | 1986-05-10 | 1987-11-12 | Basf Ag | Verfahren und mittel zur bekaempfung der fleckenminiermotte leucoptera scitella |
ES2123066T3 (es) * | 1992-11-03 | 1999-01-01 | Unilever Nv | Procedimiento para sintetizar ceramidas que contienen fitoesfingosina y composiciones cosmeticas que las contienen. |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN107944639A (zh) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-04-20 | 天津大学 | 一种基于最优流法与Mayeda生成树实用算法的配网重构方法 |
CN110016688A (zh) * | 2019-04-08 | 2019-07-16 | 天津大学 | 一种醇类物质的电化学制备方法 |
CN110016686A (zh) * | 2019-04-08 | 2019-07-16 | 天津大学 | 由混合羧酸电解制备烃类物质的方法 |
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