CN101105433A - Portable on-spot and indoor dual-purpose direct-cutting experiment instrument and its sampling method - Google Patents
Portable on-spot and indoor dual-purpose direct-cutting experiment instrument and its sampling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101105433A CN101105433A CNA2007100253804A CN200710025380A CN101105433A CN 101105433 A CN101105433 A CN 101105433A CN A2007100253804 A CNA2007100253804 A CN A2007100253804A CN 200710025380 A CN200710025380 A CN 200710025380A CN 101105433 A CN101105433 A CN 101105433A
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Abstract
A direct shear tester for both portable field test and indoor test and a sampling and testing method are provided. The tester comprises a sampling device, a portable vertical load system and a horizontal shear system. The testing method comprises burying a rigid frame together with a cruciform shear frame in the soil of a place to be test, digging out the whole soil containing the rigid frame and the cruciform shear frame to obtain an integrated sample with less interference, placing and fixing the integrated sample in a rigid frame base on a box-shaped frame, applying a vertical force by using the portable vertical load system on the box-shaped frame, and measuring the strength of the sample by using the shear frame. During the test process, the volume change of the sample in the vertical direction is not limited. The tester has simple structure, easy operation and good portability. The testing method employs flexible tension shear mode instead of the rigid top-bunt shear mode, overcomes the friction and sampling problems, and avoids the vertical pressure offset during the test process by using the portable vertical loading system, thereby increasing the test accuracy.
Description
A technical field
The invention relates to a direct shear test instrument for testing soil strength and a sampling test method for a direct shear test of the direct shear test instrument. The instrument can be used for conveniently and quickly testing the strength parameters of natural soil slopes, filling soil slopes and various foundation surfaces on site.
Second, background art
The direct shear test instrument is divided into an indoor test direct shear instrument and a field test direct shear instrument. The conventional indoor direct shear tester comprises an upper shear box and a lower shear box, wherein after a sample is placed into the shear boxes, a certain vertical pressure is applied to the top of the sample to push the shear boxes, so that the sample is sheared to be damaged, and the strength parameter of a soil body is obtained. Since the sample is sheared by pushing the shear box, there must be a rigid connection between the shear box and the force ring. In the shearing process, if the volume of the sample changes, friction force is generated at the contact point of the sample, and the friction force cannot be measured in the test, so that the normal stress on the shearing surface is inconsistent with the actually applied normal stress, and the correct test of the soil body strength is influenced. The field test direct shear apparatus is mainly used for increasing the size of the indoor test direct shear apparatus, and the problem of friction influence at a rigid connection point is also solved. The undisturbed samples for laboratory testing are typically either taken on site with a sleeve and then the sample is forced into the shear box with a jack or the sleeve is removed and then placed into the shear box. The undisturbed sample obtained in the mode is extremely easy to disturb and cannot completely reflect the actual state of the field soil body.
Third, the invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of friction influence at a rigid connecting point and the problem of the deflection of an original sample in a conventional direct shear tester, and provides a portable on-site and indoor dual-purpose direct shear tester and a sampling and testing method thereof, wherein the adopted technical scheme is that the shearing mode of a sample is changed from a rigid pushing mode to a flexible tensioning mode; the sampling device is directly used as a lower shear box, and the test can be directly carried out on site; and the direct shear apparatus can also be used for performing an undisturbed sample or remodeling sample direct shear test indoors. The whole set of instrument device can be arranged in a box frame, and is convenient to carry.
A portable on-site and indoor dual-purpose direct shear tester comprises sampling equipment and a vertical loading system, and is characterized by further comprising a horizontal tensioning and shearing system, wherein the sampling equipment consists of a shearing frame (2) and a rigid frame (3), the shearing frame (2) is arranged at the upper part of the rigid frame (3), the vertical loading system is movable, two cross beam supports (18) are respectively and fixedly connected to two rams (34) of a roller system (30), the pulley system consists of two roller guide rails (31), two rollers (32) are embedded in U-shaped grooves of the roller guide rails (31), and a roller bearing (33) connects the rollers (32) with the rams (34); the one end that two chains (12) in the horizontal stretch-draw received the system of cutting is connected respectively on chain couple (11) on shearing frame (2), the other end is connected on the steel ring of connecting piece (14) one end, the other end of connecting piece (14) passes through threaded connection on tension sensor (13), the other end and the hand wheel catch bar (15) that have the screw thread of tension sensor (13) are connected, hand wheel (16) are connected with hand wheel catch bar (15), hand wheel catch bar (15) can advance or retreat when rotating hand wheel (16), horizontal stretch-draw is received the system of cutting and is fixed on box frame (7) through bolt (17).
The shearing frame (2) is a square frame of a cross-shaped frame (28), two chain hooks (11) are arranged on one side surface of the shearing frame (2), and a horizontal displacement meter (6) is arranged on the central part of the shearing frame; the net size of the rigid frame (3) is the same as that of the shearing frame (2), four external surfaces of the lower ends of the rigid frame and the shearing frame are in a knife edge shape, the rigid frame (3) is placed in the rigid frame base (4) and fixed by screws (8), and the rigid frame base (4) is fixed on the box-type frame (7) by bolts (27).
The lower end of a force transfer column (10) in the vertical loading system is fixed on a force transfer plate (9), the centers of the force transfer column and the force transfer plate are on the same vertical line, the center line of the force transfer column and the center line of the force transfer column pass through the center of a sample (1), the bottom surface of the force transfer plate (9) is the same as the plane size of a shearing frame (2), a vertical displacement meter (5) is arranged at the upper part of the force transfer plate (9), the other end of the force transfer column (10) is connected with a lever (24) and a fulcrum end cover (20) through a lever bearing (19), the tail end of the lever (24) is provided with a hanging plate (25), the lower end of the hanging plate is provided with a weight (26), a support column (29) is provided with threads, and the lower end of the support column is screwed into the fulcrum end cover (20), and fixed by a strut nut I (21), the upper end of a strut (29) is placed in a central hole of a cross beam (23) and can move up and down, so that the height of the force transmission plate (9) and the force transmission column (10) can be adjusted up and down in the vertical direction as required, after the height is adjusted, the strut (29) is fixed on the cross beam (23) by a strut nut II (22), the cross beam (23) is supported by two cross beam struts (18) and fixed by a nut (35), the other end of the cross beam strut (18) is provided with threads which are screwed into a ram (34), the ram (34) is sleeved outside a roller guide rail (31), the roller guide rail (31) is provided with an upper part, a lower part and a lower part, the lower two roller guide rails are fixed on the box-type frame (7), and the two ends of the two roller guide rails (31) are fixed by bolts (36) for fixing the upper and lower roller guide rails.
The chain (12) in the horizontal tensioning shearing system is two steel chains or steel wire ropes, and each chain is about 15cm long.
A sampling test method of a portable on-site and indoor dual-purpose direct shear tester is characterized by comprising the following sampling test steps:
sample preparation
And (3) field test: selecting a relatively flat field on a test site, and firstly burying a rigid frame 3 in a foundation, as shown in figure 5 (a); when the rigid frame is buried into the surface of the foundation, as shown in fig. 5 (b), the outer part of the rigid frame, i.e., the soil body in the space 37 is dug out; placing the cross-shaped shear frame (2) on the rigid frame (3), pressing the cross-shaped shear frame and the rigid frame into the foundation together until the surface of the cross-shaped shear frame (2) is slightly lower than the surface of the foundation, and showing a figure 5 (c); finally, the soil body containing the rigid frame (3) and the cross-shaped shearing frame (2) is dug out integrally along the contour line (38), the soil body outside the rigid frame and the cross-shaped shearing frame is stripped, and a steel wire saw is used for sawing the sample flat along the bottom surface (39) of the rigid frame to form the sample shown in the figure 5 (d). Thus completing the sampling of the field test;
and (4) indoor test: for large volume undisturbed samples retrieved from the laboratory, sample preparation is the same as for field testing. For remolding samples, firstly putting the rigid frame (3) into the rigid frame base (7), putting the shearing frame (2) on the rigid frame (3), and uniformly pressing the required soil samples with certain mass into the rigid frame (3) and the shearing frame, thus preparing a remolding sample;
the obtained soil sample containing the rigid frame (3) is placed in a rigid frame base (7) fixed on the box-type frame (7), and the rigid frame (3) is tightly pressed by a rigid frame fixing screw (8), as shown in figure 1;
a lever (24) is arranged on the cross beam (23), and a certain weight (26) is added on the hanging scaffold (25) according to the test pressure requirement;
installing a measuring device: a displacement meter (5) is erected on the force transmission plate (9) to measure the vertical displacement; a displacement meter (6) is erected at the central part of the shearing frame (2) along the shearing direction or at the central part of the force transmission plate (9) along the shearing direction to measure the shearing displacement; one end of a tension sensor (13) is connected to a hand wheel push rod (15), the other end of the tension sensor is connected to a connecting piece (14) to measure horizontal tension, one end of a chain (12) is connected to the connecting piece (14), and the other end of the chain is connected to a chain hook (11);
respectively connecting displacement meters (5) and (6) and a tension sensor (13) to a data conversion box, connecting the data conversion box to a microcomputer, setting parameters for data acquisition, shaking a hand wheel (16) at a uniform speed, shearing, and realizing automatic data acquisition in the test process;
after the test is finished, the prop nut II (22) is rotated, the whole pressurizing equipment comprising the force transmission plate (9), the force transmission column (10) and the lever (24) is lifted, the rigid frame fixing screw (8) is loosened, and a sample comprising the rigid frame (3) and the shearing frame (2) is taken out;
data arrangement: the normal stress σ and the shear stress τ on the shear plane are calculated by the following equations:
wherein: g1 is the total weight of the force transfer plate (9) and the force transfer column (10), G2 is the weight of the added weight (26), sigma l The pressure of the lever self-weight on the sample is generated, and T is the water measured by the tension sensor (13)Horizontal pulling force, A is the shear plane area.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: (1) sampling mode: a. when a field test is carried out, firstly, a rigid frame is buried in a foundation on a test field, when the rigid frame is buried to the ground surface, a cross-shaped shearing frame is placed on the rigid frame, then the rigid frame and the cross-shaped shearing frame are pressed into the foundation together until the surface of the cross-shaped shearing frame is slightly lower than the surface of the foundation, finally, the soil body comprising the rigid frame and the shearing frame is integrally dug out, the soil bodies on the outer sides of the rigid frame and the shearing frame are stripped, and a steel wire saw is used for sawing the soil sample on the bottom surface of the rigid frame to finish the sampling of undisturbed soil. Such a sampling method is less disturbing to the sample. b. When an indoor test is carried out, the sample preparation mode is the same as that of a field test for a large-volume undisturbed sample taken back from a laboratory; for remoulded samples, a rigid frame is firstly placed in a rigid frame base, a shearing frame is placed on the rigid frame, and a required soil sample with a certain mass is pressed into the rigid frame and the shearing frame, so that a remoulded sample is prepared. (2) test method: a soil sample containing a rigid frame obtained on site is placed in a rigid frame base, and the rigid frame base is fixed on the box-type frame. The test sample is sheared by a movable vertical loading system arranged on the box-type frame and then a flexible rope chain tensioning shearing frame. The test process of the indoor test is the same as that of the field test. During the test, the volume of the test sample in the vertical direction is not limited by the flexible rope chain. The tester has simple principle and simple and convenient operation, and can quickly measure the shear strength of a field soil body and an indoor undisturbed sample and a remolded sample. The whole device can be arranged in the box-type frame and is convenient to carry.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1) The whole set of equipment has simple structure, convenient operation and convenient carrying; 2) The influence of the friction force generated by the rigid contact shear box in the conventional direct shear test on the test result is overcome, and the volume change condition of the soil body when being sheared can be truly reflected; 3) The field test can integrally sample, has small disturbance, and directly and conveniently measures the soil strength parameter; 4) The device has the advantages of on-site and indoor dual purposes; 5) And a movable vertical loading system is adopted to apply vertical force, so that the vertical pressure cannot be eccentric in the test process.
Description of the drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a portable on-site and indoor dual-purpose direct shear tester;
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a portable on-site and indoor dual-purpose direct shear tester;
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of a portable on-site and indoor dual-purpose direct shear tester;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a roller system of the portable on-site and indoor dual-purpose direct shear tester;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a sampling process for a field test.
FIG. 6 is a graph of peak shear stress versus vertical pressure for a direct shear test in a room with remolded soil.
Reference numerals: 1. the device comprises a sample, 2, a shear frame, 3, a rigid frame, 4, a rigid frame base, 5, a vertical displacement meter, 6, a horizontal displacement meter, 7, a box-shaped frame, 8, a rigid frame fixing screw, 9, a force transmission plate, 10, a force transmission column, 11, a chain hook, 12, a chain, 13, a tension sensor, 14, a connecting piece, 15, a hand wheel push rod, 16, a hand wheel, 17, a hand wheel fixing bolt, 18, a cross beam support, 19, a lever bearing, 20, a fulcrum end cover, 21, a support nut I, 22, a support nut II,23, a cross beam, 24, a lever, 25, a hanging disc, 26, a weight, 27, a bolt, 28, a cross frame in the shear frame, 29, 30, a roller system (see figure 4), 31, a roller guide rail, 32, a roller, 33, a roller bearing, 34, a ram, 35, a nut, 36, a bolt for fixing an upper sampling roller guide rail, 37, a soil body needing to be dug out of the shear frame, 38, and a bottom surface of an integral sampling.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The invention is further explained with reference to the drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the portable direct shear tester for on-site and indoor use mainly comprises sampling equipment (a shear frame (2) and a rigid frame (3)), a horizontal tensioning and shearing system (a chain (12), a hand wheel (16), a tension sensor (13) and the like), a movable vertical loading system (a roller system (30), a beam support (18), a beam (23), a support (29), a force transmission plate (9), a force transmission column (10), a lever (24) and the like), a box-shaped frame (7), a rigid frame base (4) and displacement measuring equipment (a vertical displacement meter (5) and a horizontal displacement meter (6)). The method comprises the steps of putting a taken sample or a sample prepared indoors into a rigid frame base (4) on site, applying a certain vertical load through a movable vertical loading system arranged on a box-type frame (7), shaking a hand wheel (16), tensioning a shearing frame (2) through a chain (12), and ensuring that the vertical loading system and the shearing frame (2) move synchronously in the shearing process to ensure that the vertical pressure cannot be eccentric in the shearing process.
The shearing frame (2) is a square frame of the cross-shaped frame (28), so that the strain of the sample in the shearing process is more uniform than that of the sample without the cross-shaped shearing frame; there are two chain pothooks (11) on one side of shear frame (2), and horizontal displacement meter (6) is equipped with to its center, and to the test of doing cohesive soil and fine sand, the net size of shear frame (2) is: the length multiplied by the width =141mm multiplied by 141mm, the height is 20mm, and the size can be properly enlarged for the test of the soil material with larger particle size; the net size of the rigid frame (3) is the same as that of the shearing frame (2), the four external surfaces of the lower ends of the rigid frame and the shearing frame are in a knife edge shape, the rigid frame (3) is placed in the rigid frame base (4) and fixed through the screws (8), and the rigid frame base (4) is fixed on the box-type frame (7).
The lower end of a force transmission column (10) in the mobile vertical loading system is fixed on a force transmission plate (9), the centers of the force transmission column and the force transmission plate are on the same vertical line, the center line of the force transmission column and the force transmission plate passes through the center of a sample (1), the bottom surface of the force transmission plate (9) has the same size as the plane of a shearing frame (2), a vertical displacement meter (5) is arranged at the upper part of the force transmission plate (9), the other end of the force transmission column (10) is connected with a lever (24) and a fulcrum end cover (20) through a lever bearing (19), a support column (29) is provided with threads, the lower end of the support column is screwed into the fulcrum end cover (20) and is fixed by a support column nut I (21), the upper end of the support column (29) is placed in a central hole of a cross beam (23), and can move up and down, thus can make the force transfer board (9), force transfer column (10) adjust the height up and down as required in the vertical direction, after the height adjustment, the pillar (29) is fixed on crossbeam (23) by the pillar nut II (22), the crossbeam (23) is supported by two crossbeam pillars (18), and is fixed by the nut (35), another end of the crossbeam pillar (18) has whorls, it is screwed into the ram (34), the ram (34) is fitted outside the roller guide rail (31), the roller guide rail (31) has upper, lower two, the lower roller guide rail is fixed on the box frame (7), both ends of two roller guide rails (31) are fixed by fixing the upper, lower, the bolt (36) of the lower roller guide rail is fixed. The length of the roller guide rail is 40cm, so that the ram (34) can move and displace 5cm on the roller guide rail. The vertical loading system has the structural characteristics that: because the rolling friction force of the roller is very small, in the sample shearing process, the shearing frame (2) moves to drive the force transmission plate (9), the force transmission column (10), the lever (24), the cross beam (23), the cross beam support column (18), the ram (34) and the roller (32) to move together, so that the synchronous movement of the shearing frame (2) and the vertical loading system in the shearing process is realized, and the vertical force cannot be eccentric in the test process.
The chain (12) in the horizontal tensioning shearing system is two steel chains or steel wire ropes (the chain is used for replacing the steel wire ropes), each chain is about 15cm long, and one end of each chain (12) is connected to a chain hook (11) on the shearing frame (2) respectively; the other ends of the two chains are connected to one end of the connecting piece (14), and the other end is a steel circular ring which can rotate freely; the other end of the connecting piece (14) is connected with the tension sensor (13) through threads, the other end of the tension sensor (13) is connected with a hand wheel push rod (15) with threads, and a hand wheel (16) is connected with the hand wheel push rod (15). The hand wheel (16) is rotated, and the hand wheel push rod (15) can move forward or backward. The hand wheel (16) is the same as that of a conventional indoor direct shear apparatus, and is fixed on the box-shaped frame (7) through a hand wheel fixing bolt (17).
The vertical displacement meter (5) and the horizontal displacement meter (6) are sensor devices, the contact of the vertical displacement meter and the horizontal displacement meter is erected on the force transmission plate (9), and the vertical displacement of a test sample in the test process is tested; the contact of the latter is erected at the central part of the front surface of the shearing direction shearing frame (2) or the central part of the front surface of the shearing direction force transmission plate (9), and the shearing displacement of the test sample in the test process is tested.
The portable on-site and indoor dual-purpose direct shear tester is combined with the test for remolded sandy soil indoors, and the operation steps and the sampling test steps of the portable on-site and indoor dual-purpose direct shear tester are as follows:
sample preparation: firstly, placing a rigid frame (3) into a rigid frame base (7), tightly pushing the rigid frame (3) by using a rigid frame fixing screw (8), then placing a shearing frame (2) on the rigid frame (3), and uniformly pressing sand with a certain required mass (1963 g) into the rigid frame (3), thus preparing a remolded sand sample;
the lever (24) is arranged on the beam (23), and a weight (26) is added on the hanging tray (25) according to the test pressure requirement;
installing a measuring device: a displacement meter (5) is erected on the force transmission plate (9) to measure the vertical displacement; a displacement meter (6) is erected at the central part of the shearing frame (2) along the shearing direction or at the central part of the force transmission plate (9) along the shearing direction to measure the shearing displacement; one end of a tension sensor (13) is connected to a hand wheel push rod (15), the other end of the tension sensor is connected to a connecting piece (14) to measure horizontal tension, and a chain (12) is connected to the connecting piece (14) and a chain hook (11);
connecting displacement meters (5) and (6) and a tension sensor (13) to a data conversion box, connecting the data conversion box to a microcomputer, setting parameters of data acquisition, shaking a hand wheel (16) at a certain speed (4 revolutions per minute) to cut, and realizing automatic data acquisition in the test process;
after the test is finished, the prop nut II (22) is rotated, the whole pressurizing equipment comprising the force transmission plate (9), the force transmission column (10) and the lever (24) is lifted, the rigid frame fixing screw (8) is loosened, and the rigid frame (3), the shearing frame (2) and the sandy soil sample are taken out;
data arrangement: the positive stress σ and the shear stress τ on the shear plane are calculated as follows:
the shear strength τ f is represented by the strength index, i.e., the cohesive force c and the internal friction angle, and is obtained by the following formula:
τ f ＝c+σtanφ (3)
wherein: g1 is the total weight of the force transfer plate (9) and the force transfer column (10) of 2.5kg, G2 is the weight of the added weight (26), and sigma is l The pressure of the lever (24) against the sample is 23.8kPa, T is the flat tension measured by the tension sensor (13), and A is the shear plane area 200cm2. Four sets of tests are carried out on the sandy soil, and the mass G2 of the added weight (26) is respectively as follows: 4.25kg, 2.125kg, 1.275kg and 0kg, and the corresponding vertical pressures are calculated according to the formula (1) and respectively are as follows: 75kPa, 50kPa, 40kPa, 25kPa; the peak tensile force T obtained on the measured shear plane under the corresponding vertical pressure is respectively as follows: 1000N, 712N, 545N, 360N, the respective peak shear stresses on the shear plane calculated according to equation (2) are: 50kPa, 35.6kPa, 27.25kPa, 18kPa. Drawing a relation graph of the peak shear stress and the vertical pressure, as shown in fig. 6, and obtaining the strength index of the sand by the formula (3) as follows: c =0, =34.3o.
For the field test, the sampling method is as follows: selecting a relatively flat field on a test site, and firstly burying a rigid frame 3 in a foundation, as shown in a figure 5 (a); when the rigid frame is buried into the surface of the foundation, the outer part of the rigid frame, namely the soil body in the (37), is dug out in the figure 5 (b); placing the cross-shaped shear frame (2) on the rigid frame (3), and pressing the cross-shaped shear frame and the rigid frame into the foundation together until the surface of the cross-shaped shear frame (2) is slightly lower than the surface of the foundation, as shown in fig. 5 (c); and finally, digging out the soil body containing the rigid frame (3) and the cross-shaped shearing frame (2) along the contour line (38) integrally, stripping off the soil body outside the rigid frame and the shearing frame, and sawing the sample flat along the bottom surface (39) of the rigid frame by using a wire saw to form a sample shown in figure 5 (d), thereby completing the sampling of the field test. The test method of the field sample is the same as the test method of the indoor remolded sandy soil. In the large volume undisturbed sample retrieved from the laboratory, the sample preparation and testing method is the same as that of the field sample.
Claims (5)
1. A portable on-site and indoor dual-purpose direct shear tester comprises sampling equipment and a vertical loading system, and is characterized by further comprising a horizontal tensioning shear receiving system, wherein the sampling equipment consists of a shear frame (2) and a rigid frame (3), the shear frame (2) is arranged on the upper part of the rigid frame (3), the vertical loading system is movable, two cross beam supports (18) are respectively and fixedly connected to two rams (34) of a roller system (30), the roller system consists of two roller guide rails (31), two rollers (32) are embedded in U-shaped grooves of the roller guide rails (31), and a roller bearing (33) connects the rollers (32) with the rams (34); the one end of two chains (12) in the horizontal tensioning system of receiving is connected respectively on chain couple (11) on shearing frame (2), the other end is connected on the steel ring of connecting piece (14) one end, the other end of connecting piece (14) passes through threaded connection on tension sensor (13), the other end and the hand wheel catch bar (15) that have the screw thread of tension sensor (13) are connected, hand wheel (16) are connected with hand wheel catch bar (15), hand wheel catch bar (15) can advance or retreat when rotating hand wheel (16), horizontal tensioning receives the system of cutting to pass through bolt (17) to be fixed on box frame (7).
2. The portable on-site and indoor dual-purpose direct shear tester as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shear frame (2) is a square frame of a cross-shaped frame (28), two chain hooks (11) are arranged on one side surface of the shear frame (2), and a horizontal displacement meter (6) is arranged on the central part of the shear frame; the net size of the rigid frame (3) is the same as that of the shearing frame (2), four external surfaces of the lower ends of the rigid frame and the shearing frame are in a knife edge shape, the rigid frame (3) is placed in the rigid frame base (4) and fixed by screws (8), and the rigid frame base (4) is fixed on the box-type frame (7) by bolts (27).
3. The portable direct shear test apparatus for on-site and indoor use according to claim 1, wherein the lower end of the force transfer column (10) in the vertical loading system is fixed on the force transfer plate (9) with the center on the same vertical line and the center line passing through the center of the sample (1), the bottom surface of the force transfer plate (9) has the same size as the plane of the shear frame (2), the upper part of the force transfer plate (9) is provided with the vertical displacement meter (5), the other end of the force transfer column (10) is connected with the lever (24) and the fulcrum end cap (20) through the lever bearing (19), the end of the lever (24) is provided with the hanging plate (25), the lower end of the hanging plate is provided with the weight (26), the support column (29) has the thread, the lower end of the force transfer column is screwed into the fulcrum end cap (20) and fixed by the nut I (21), the upper end of the support column (29) is placed in the center hole of the cross beam (23) and can move up and down, thus the force transfer plate (9) and the force transfer column (10) are fixed by the cross beam (23) through the height adjusting nut (18) and the cross beam (23) is supported by the nut (34) after the two support columns (18) are screwed into the cross beam (18), the ram (34) is sleeved outside the roller guide rail (31), the roller guide rail (31) is provided with an upper roller guide rail and a lower roller guide rail, the lower roller guide rail is fixed on the box-type frame (7), and two ends of the two roller guide rails (31) are fixed by bolts (36) for fixing the upper roller guide rail and the lower roller guide rail.
4. The portable on-site and indoor dual-purpose direct shear tester as claimed in claim 1, wherein the chains (12) in the horizontal tension shear system are two steel chains or wire ropes each having a length of about 15cm.
5. A sampling test method of a portable on-site and indoor dual-purpose direct shear tester is characterized by comprising the following sampling test steps:
A. sample preparation
a. And (3) field test: selecting a relatively flat field on a test site, firstly burying a rigid frame (3) into a foundation, and digging out the outer side part of the rigid frame, namely the soil body in the rigid frame (37) when the rigid frame is buried into the surface of the foundation; putting the cross-shaped shearing frame (2) on the rigid frame (3), pressing the cross-shaped shearing frame (2) and the rigid frame into the foundation together until the surface of the cross-shaped shearing frame (2) is slightly lower than the surface of the foundation, finally digging out the soil body containing the rigid frame (3) and the cross-shaped shearing frame (2) along the contour line (38) integrally, stripping off the soil body outside the rigid frame and the cross-shaped shearing frame, and sawing a sample flat along the bottom surface (39) of the rigid frame by using a wire saw, thus completing the sampling of a field test;
b. and (4) indoor test: for large-volume undisturbed samples taken back from a laboratory, sample preparation is the same as field test, for remolded samples, a rigid frame (3) is firstly placed in a rigid frame base (4), a shearing frame (2) is placed on the rigid frame (3), and required soil samples with certain mass are uniformly pressed into the rigid frame base and the shearing frame, so that a remolded sample is prepared;
B. the obtained soil sample containing the shearing frame (2) and the rigid frame (3) is placed in a rigid frame base (4) fixed on a box-type frame (7), and the rigid frame (3) is tightly pressed by a rigid frame fixing screw (8);
C. a lever (24) is arranged on the cross beam (23), and a certain weight (26) is added on the hanging scaffold (25) according to the test pressure requirement;
D. installing a measuring device: a vertical displacement meter (5) is erected on the force transmission plate (9) to measure the vertical displacement; a horizontal displacement meter (6) is erected at the central part of the shearing frame (2) along the shearing direction or at the central part of the force transmission plate (9) along the shearing direction to measure the shearing displacement; one end of a tension sensor (13) is connected to a hand wheel pushing rod (15), the other end of the tension sensor is connected to a connecting piece (14) to measure horizontal tension, one end of a chain (12) is connected to the connecting piece (14), and the other end of the chain is connected to a chain hook (11);
E. respectively connecting displacement meters (5) and (6) and a tension sensor (13) to a data conversion box, connecting the data conversion box to a microcomputer, setting parameters for data acquisition, shaking a hand wheel (16) at a uniform speed, shearing, and realizing automatic data acquisition in the test process;
F. after the test is finished, the prop nut II (22) is rotated, the whole pressurizing equipment comprising the force transmission plate (9), the force transmission column (10) and the lever (24) is lifted, the rigid frame fixing screw (8) is loosened, and a sample comprising the rigid frame (3) and the shearing frame (2) is taken out;
G. data arrangement: the positive stress σ and the shear stress τ on the shear plane are calculated as follows:
wherein: g 1 The total weight of the force transmission plate (9) and the force transmission column (10) G 2 Is the weight of the added weight (26), sigma l The pressure generated by the self weight of the lever on the sample is T, the horizontal tension measured by the tension sensor (13) is T, and the area of the shearing surface is A.
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