CN201145658Y - Portable on site and indoor dual-purpose direct shear test instrument - Google Patents

Portable on site and indoor dual-purpose direct shear test instrument Download PDF

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Publication number
CN201145658Y
CN201145658Y CNU2007200403883U CN200720040388U CN201145658Y CN 201145658 Y CN201145658 Y CN 201145658Y CN U2007200403883 U CNU2007200403883 U CN U2007200403883U CN 200720040388 U CN200720040388 U CN 200720040388U CN 201145658 Y CN201145658 Y CN 201145658Y
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frame
crossbeam
pillar
rigid frame
direct shear
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Expired - Lifetime
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CNU2007200403883U
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Chinese (zh)
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刘斯宏
臧德记
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Hohai University HHU
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Hohai University HHU
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Abstract

A portable field and indoor dual-purpose direct shear tester capable of testing both the soil mass strength at the home position in situ and the undisturbed soil sample and disturbed soil sample indoors comprises a sampling device, a movable vertical pressurization system and horizontal tensile shear system. The horizontal tensile shear system can overcome the detects of a rigid pushing mode in the prior art and solve the problems of friction and sampling disturbance; the movable vertical pressurization system can ensure that the vertical pressure does not go off center, thereby improving the test accuracy. The direct shear tester puts a soil sample which is obtained in situ or is prepared indoors and contains a rigid frame into a rigid frame base fixed on a box type framework, then applies a vertical pressure through the movable vertical loading system assembled on the box type framework, and tests the strength of the soil mass through a tensile shear frame without limiting the volume changes of the sample in the vertical direction during the test; the tester is simple in structure, convenient in operation and easy in carrying.

Description

Portable field and indoor dual-purpose direct shear test instrument
One, technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of direct shear test instrument of soil strength test, and the intensive parameter that can test nature slight slope, embankment slight slope, various foundation surfaces at the scene quickly and easily also can be in the intensive parameter of indoor test undisturbed soil sample, remoulded sample.
Two, background technology
The direct shear test instrument is divided into shop experiment direct shear apparatus and site test direct shear apparatus.Conventional indoor direct shear test instrument has upper and lower two shear boxs, after sample is put into shear box, applies certain pressure at right angle at the sample top, promotes shear box, sample is cut to destruction, thereby obtained the intensive parameter of the soil body.At present owing to adopt the method that promotes shear box that sample is cut, shear box must be to be rigidly connected with measuring one's own ability between encircling.In shear history,, influenced the correct test of soil strength if sample generation volume change can produce friction force at its contact point place, and this friction force can't be measured in test, thereby make that normal stress and the actual normal stress that adds on the shear surface are inconsistent.The site test direct shear apparatus just strengthens the size of shop experiment direct shear apparatus mostly, the same frictional influence problem that has a place that is rigidly connected.
Three, summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is to solve the frictional influence problem at a place of being rigidly connected in the conventional direct shear test instrument.The technical scheme that adopts is to change the sample mode of being cut into flexible stretching mode by rigidity pushing tow mode; Sampler directly as the down cut box, can directly be tested at the scene; And this direct shear apparatus also can be made the original state sample or reinvent the sample direct shear test indoor.A whole set of apparatus can be packed in the box frame, convenient in carrying.
The technical scheme that its technical matters that solves the utility model adopts: obtained or put in the rigid frame base in the indoor prepared soil sample that comprises rigid frame at the scene, the rigid frame base is fixed on the boxed frame.By being installed in portable vertical loading system on the boxed frame, adopt the stretch-draw of flexible strand chain to shear frame then, sample is cut.In the process of the test, sample can not be subjected to the restriction of flexible strand chain at the volume of vertical direction.This test instrument principle is simple, and is easy and simple to handle, can measure the on-the-spot soil body and indoor original state sample apace, reinvent the shearing strength of sample.Package unit can be packed in the box frame, convenient in carrying.
A kind of portable field and indoor dual-purpose direct shear test instrument, comprise sampling equipment, vertical loading system, it is characterized in that it comprises that also horizontal stretch-draw cut system, wherein sampling equipment is formed with rigid frame 3 by shearing frame 2, shearing frame 2 places the top of rigid frame 3, vertical loading system is portable, wherein two crossbeam pillars 18 are fixedly connected on respectively on two rams 34 of roller system 30, pulley system is by two rolling wheel guide rails 31, two rollers 32 are embedded in the U type groove of rolling wheel guide rails 31, and roller bearing 33 is connected roller 32 with ram 34; The end that two chains 12 in the system are cut in horizontal stretch-draw is connected on the chain hook of shearing on the frame 2 11, the other end is connected on the steel annulus of web member 14 1 ends, the other end of web member 14 is by being threaded on the pulling force sensor 13, the other end of pulling force sensor 13 is connected with the handwheel catch bar 15 with screw thread, handwheel 16 is connected with handwheel catch bar 15, handwheel catch bar 15 can advance or retreat when rotating handwheel 16, and horizontal stretch-draw is cut system and is fixed on the boxed frame 7 by bolt 17.
Above-mentioned portable field and indoor dual-purpose direct shear test instrument, it is characterized in that described shearing frame 2 is cross 28 a square box, two chains hooks 11 are arranged on one side of shearing frame 2, its central part has set up horizontal displacement meter 6, described rigid frame 3 dead sizes are identical with shearing frame 2, and outside four faces in the two lower end are edge of a knife shape, and rigid frame 3 is placed in the rigid frame base 4, fixing with screw 8, rigid frame base 4 is fixed on the boxed frame 7 with bolt 27 again.
Above-mentioned portable field is characterized in that with indoor dual-purpose direct shear test instrument the lower end of the force-transmitting pole 10 in the described vertical loading system is fixed on the force transmitting board 9, the center of the two is on same vertical line, and the center line of the two is by the center of sample 1, the bed-plate dimension of force transmitting board 9 is identical with the planar dimension of shearing frame 2, vertical displacement meter 5 is equipped with on the top of force transmitting board 9, the other end of force-transmitting pole 10 is connected with fulcrum end cap 20 with lever 24 by lever bearing 19, the end of lever 24 is a hanging scaffold 25, the hanging scaffold lower end is a counterweight 26, pillar 29 has screw thread, its lower end snail is in fulcrum end cap 20, and fix with pillar nut I21, pillar 29 upper ends are in the center pit of crossbeam 23, and can move up and down, so just can make force transmitting board 9, force-transmitting pole 10 is adjusted height in vertical direction as required up and down, height control well after, pillar 29 is fixed on the crossbeam 23 by pillar nut II22, crossbeam 23 is supported by two crossbeam pillars 18, and it is fixing by nut 35, crossbeam pillar 18 other ends have screw thread, its spiral shell is in ram 34, ram 34 is enclosed within outside the rolling wheel guide rails 31, on rolling wheel guide rails 31 has, following two, the bottom roller guide rail is fixed on the boxed frame 7, and the two ends of two rolling wheel guide rails 31 are by on fixing, the bolt 36 of bottom roller guide rail is fixing.
The chain 12 that the horizontal stretch-draw of above-mentioned portable field and indoor dual-purpose direct shear test instrument is cut in the system is two steel link chains or wire rope, and every is about 15cm.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are: 1) equipment set is simple in structure, and is easy to operate, is easy to carry; 2) overcome of the influence of the conventional direct shear test rigidity contact friction force that shear box produced, can truly reflect the volume change situation the when soil body is cut test result; 3) have the advantage of scene, indoor dual-purpose concurrently; 4) adopt portable vertical loading system to apply vertical force, guarantee that pressure at right angle can be not eccentric in the process of the test.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of portable field, indoor dual-purpose direct shear test instrument;
Fig. 2 is the floor map of portable field, indoor dual-purpose direct shear test instrument;
Fig. 3 is the side schematic view of portable field, indoor dual-purpose direct shear test instrument;
Fig. 4 is the roller system synoptic diagram of portable field, indoor dual-purpose direct shear test instrument;
Reference numeral: 1. sample, 2. shear frame, 3. rigid frame, 4. rigid frame base, 5. vertical displacement meter, 6. horizontal displacement meter, 7. boxed frame, 8. rigid frame gib screw, 9. force transmitting board, 10. force-transmitting pole, 11. chains hook, 12. chains, 13. pulling force sensor, 14. web members, 15. handwheel catch bars, 16. handwheel, 17. handwheel set bolts, 18. crossbeam pillars, 19. the lever bearing, 20. fulcrum end caps, 21. pillar nut I, 22. pillar nut II, 23. crossbeams, 24. levers, 25. hanging scaffold, 26. counterweights, 27. bolts, 28. " ten " cabinet frame in the shearing frame, 29. pillars, 30. roller systems, 31. rolling wheel guide rails, 32. rollers, 33. roller bearings, 34. ram, 35. nuts, 36. fix, the bolt of bottom roller guide rail.
Five, embodiment
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings the utility model is described further.
As Fig. 1 to Fig. 4, portable field of the present utility model and indoor dual-purpose direct shear test instrument comprise that mainly sampling equipment (shear frame 2 and rigid frame 3), horizontal stretch-draw cut system's (chain 12, handwheel 16, pulling force sensor 13 etc.), portable vertical loading system (roller system 30, crossbeam pillar 18, crossbeam 23, pillar 29, force transmitting board 9, force-transmitting pole 10, lever 24 etc.) and boxed frame 7, rigid frame base 4 and displacement measurement equipment (vertical displacement meter 5, horizontal displacement meter 6).
Above-mentioned shearing frame 2 is cross 28 a square box, like this can be so that sample strain in shear history does not have should changing to evenly of cross shearing frame; Two chains hooks 11 are arranged on one side of shearing frame 2, horizontal displacement meter 6 is equipped with in its central authorities, for the test of doing cohesive soil and fine sand, the dead size of shearing frame 2 is: length * wide=141mm * 141mm, height is 20mm, for doing the bigger earth and stone material test of grain diameter, its size can suitably be amplified; Described rigid frame 3 dead sizes are identical with shearing frame 2, and outside four faces in the two lower end are edge of a knife shape, and rigid frame 3 is placed in the rigid frame base 4, and fixing with screw 8, rigid frame base 4 is fixed on the boxed frame 7 again.
The lower end of the force-transmitting pole 10 in the above-mentioned portable vertical loading system is fixed on the force transmitting board 9, the center of the two is on same vertical line, and the center line of the two is by the center of sample 1, the bed-plate dimension of force transmitting board 9 is identical with the planar dimension of shearing frame 2, vertical displacement meter 5 is equipped with on the top of force transmitting board 9, the other end of force-transmitting pole 10 is connected with fulcrum end cap 20 with lever 24 by lever bearing 19, the end of lever 24 is a hanging scaffold 25, the hanging scaffold lower end is a counterweight 26, pillar 29 has screw thread, its lower end snail is in fulcrum end cap 20, and it is fixing with pillar nut I 21, pillar 29 upper ends are in the center pit of crossbeam 23, and can move up and down, so just can make force transmitting board 9, force-transmitting pole 10 is adjusted height in vertical direction as required up and down, height control well after, pillar 29 is fixed on the crossbeam 23 by pillar nut II22, crossbeam 23 is supported by two crossbeam pillars 18, and it is fixing by nut 35, crossbeam pillar 18 other ends have screw thread, its spiral shell is in ram 34, ram 34 is enclosed within outside the rolling wheel guide rails 31, on rolling wheel guide rails 31 has, following two, the bottom roller guide rail is fixed on the boxed frame 7, and the two ends of two rolling wheel guide rails 31 are by on fixing, the bolt 36 of bottom roller guide rail is fixing.Rolling wheel guide rails is long to be 40cm, guarantees that ram 34 has the moving displacement of 5cm thereon.The design feature of vertical loading system like this is: because the force of rolling friction of roller is very little, in the sample shear history, shearing frame 2 moves and can drive force transmitting board 9, force-transmitting pole 10, lever 24, crossbeam 23, crossbeam pillar 18, ram 34, roller 32 and move together, so just realized shearing frame 2 and the same moved further of vertical loading system in the shear history, guaranteed that vertical force can be not eccentric in the process of the test.
Above-mentioned horizontal stretch-draw is cut, and chain 12 is two steel link chains or wire rope (replacing with chain here) in the system, and every is about 15cm, and an end of two chains 12 is connected on the chain hook of shearing on the frame 2 11; The other end of two chains is connected on the end of web member 14, the steel annulus of this end for rotating freely; The other end of web member 14 is by being threaded on the pulling force sensor 13, and the other end of pulling force sensor 13 is connected with the handwheel catch bar 15 with screw thread, and handwheel 16 is connected with handwheel catch bar 15.Rotate handwheel 16, handwheel catch bar 15 can advance or retreat.Handwheel 16 is identical with the handwheel of conventional indoor direct shear apparatus, and it is fixed on the boxed frame 7 by handwheel set bolt 17.
Described vertical displacement meter 5, horizontal displacement meter 6 are sensor device, and the former contact is set up on the force transmitting board 9, the perpendicular displacement of test sample in process of the test; The latter's contact is set up in shear direction and shears the central part in frame 2 fronts or the central part in shear direction force transmitting board 9 fronts, the shear displacemant of test sample in process of the test.
Concrete implementation step is as follows:
1. obtained or put into 7 li of the rigid frame bases that are fixed on the boxed frame 7 at the scene, and hold out against rigid frame 3, Fig. 1 with rigid frame gib screw 8 in the indoor prepared soil sample that comprises rigid frame 3;
2. lever 24 is installed on the crossbeam 23, on hanging scaffold 25, adds certain counterweight 26 according to the test pressure needs;
3. the installation measurement equipment sets up displacement meter 5 on force transmitting board 9, measures perpendicular displacement; On shearing frame 2 front central parts or force transmitting board 9 front central parts, set up displacement meter 6, measure shear displacemant; Pulling force sensor 13 1 ends are connected on the handwheel catch bar 15, and the other end is connected on the web member 14, measures horizontal pull, and chain 12 is connected on the web member 14 and chain is linked up with on 11;
4. displacement meter 5,6 and pulling force sensor 13 are connected on the data-switching case, the data-switching case is linked on the microcomputer, sets the parameter of data acquisition, shakes handwheel 16 with certain speed, shears, and realizes data automatic collecting in the process of the test;
5. after the off-test, turn pillar nut II22 mentions the entire pressurisation equipment that comprises force transmitting board 9, force-transmitting pole 10 and lever 24, and loosening rigid frame gib screw 8 is taken out the sample that comprises rigid frame 3 and shear frame 2;
6. data preparation: normal stress σ, shear stress τ on the shear surface are calculated as follows:
σ = G 1 + 24 G 2 A + σ l - - - ( 1 )
τ = T A - - - ( 2 )
Wherein: G 1Be the general assembly (TW) of force transmitting board 9 with force-transmitting pole 10, G 2Be adding counterweight 26 weight, σ lBe the pressure that the lever deadweight produces sample, T is the horizontal pull that pulling force sensor 13 measures, and A is the shear surface area.

Claims (4)

1. portable field and indoor dual-purpose direct shear test instrument, comprise sampling equipment, vertical loading system, it is characterized in that it comprises that also horizontal stretch-draw cut system, wherein sampling equipment is formed with rigid frame (3) by shearing frame (2), shearing frame (2) places the top of rigid frame (3), vertical loading system is portable, wherein two crossbeam pillars (18) are fixedly connected on respectively on two rams (34) of roller system (30), pulley system is by two rolling wheel guide rails (31), two rollers (32) are embedded in the U type groove of rolling wheel guide rails (31), and roller bearing (33) is connected roller (32) with ram (34); The end that two chains (12) in the system are cut in horizontal stretch-draw is connected on the chain hook of shearing on the frame (2) (11), the other end is connected on the steel annulus of web member (14) one ends, the other end of web member (14) is by being threaded on the pulling force sensor (13), the other end of pulling force sensor (13) is connected with the handwheel catch bar (15) with screw thread, handwheel (16) is connected with handwheel catch bar (15), handwheel catch bar (15) can advance or retreat when rotating handwheel (16), and horizontal stretch-draw is cut system and is fixed on the boxed frame (7) by bolt (17).
2. portable field according to claim 1 and indoor dual-purpose direct shear test instrument, it is characterized in that the square box of described shearing frame (2) for cross (28), two chains hooks (11) are arranged on one side of shearing frame (2), its central part has set up horizontal displacement meter (6), described rigid frame (3) dead size is identical with shearing frame (2), outside four faces in the two lower end are edge of a knife shape, rigid frame (3) is placed in the rigid frame base (4), fixing with screw (8), rigid frame base (4) uses bolt (27) to be fixed on the boxed frame (7) again.
3. portable field according to claim 1 and indoor dual-purpose direct shear test instrument, the lower end that it is characterized in that the force-transmitting pole (10) in the described vertical loading system is fixed on the force transmitting board (9), the center of the two is on same vertical line, and the center line of the two is by the center of sample (1), the bed-plate dimension of force transmitting board (9) is identical with the planar dimension of shearing frame (2), vertical displacement meter (5) is equipped with on the top of force transmitting board (9), the other end of force-transmitting pole (10) is connected with fulcrum end cap (20) with lever (24) by lever bearing (19), the end of lever (24) is hanging scaffold (25), the hanging scaffold lower end is counterweight (26), pillar (29) has screw thread, its lower end snail is advance fulcrum end cap (20) lining, and it is fixing with pillar nut I (21), pillar (29) upper ends is in the center pit of crossbeam (23), and can move up and down, so just can make force transmitting board (9), force-transmitting pole (10) is adjusted height in vertical direction as required up and down, height control well after, pillar (29) is fixed on the crossbeam (23) by pillar nut II (22), crossbeam (23) is supported by two crossbeam pillars (18), and it is fixing by nut (35), crossbeam pillar (18) other end has screw thread, its spiral shell is advance ram (34) lining, ram (34) is enclosed within outside the rolling wheel guide rails (31), on rolling wheel guide rails (31) has, following two, the bottom roller guide rail is fixed on the boxed frame (7), and the two ends of two rolling wheel guide rails (31) are by on fixing, the bolt of bottom roller guide rail (36) is fixing.
4. portable field according to claim 1 and indoor dual-purpose direct shear test instrument is characterized in that the chain (12) that described horizontal stretch-draw is cut in the system is two steel link chains or wire rope, every long 15cm.
CNU2007200403883U 2007-07-26 2007-07-26 Portable on site and indoor dual-purpose direct shear test instrument Expired - Lifetime CN201145658Y (en)

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Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101876169A (en) * 2010-05-26 2010-11-03 西安科技大学 Method for testing soil shear strength of slope in situ
CN102252919A (en) * 2011-07-05 2011-11-23 南京林业大学 Frozen soil-structure direct shear apparatus and use method thereof
CN102042937B (en) * 2009-10-14 2012-07-25 同济大学 Site large-scale direct shearing test device of shearing strength of concrete and basement adhesion surface
CN102721616A (en) * 2012-02-16 2012-10-10 中交天津港湾工程研究院有限公司 Electroosmosis shear apparatus
CN102944475A (en) * 2012-11-29 2013-02-27 云南农业大学 Soil-fixation mechanical in-situ determinator for crop root-soil complexes and applications thereof
CN103031832A (en) * 2013-01-07 2013-04-10 中国水电顾问集团成都勘测设计研究院 Hydropower station weak rock zone shear rheological test method
CN103175742A (en) * 2013-03-06 2013-06-26 北京交通大学 Frozen soil dynamic load direct shear apparatus
CN103616301A (en) * 2013-12-16 2014-03-05 浙江水利水电学院 Soil body shearing testing device and soil body shearing method
CN104033149A (en) * 2014-06-20 2014-09-10 王毓芳 Manual lever type soil sampler
CN104596867A (en) * 2015-01-23 2015-05-06 长江三峡勘测研究院有限公司(武汉) Novel double-wheel equal-strain direct shear apparatus
CN104713788A (en) * 2015-03-30 2015-06-17 西安长庆科技工程有限责任公司 Strain-control type tension-shearing direct shear apparatus
CN104807706A (en) * 2015-04-27 2015-07-29 中国地质科学院探矿工艺研究所 Portable soft and weak layer in-situ direct shear tester and testing method thereof
CN105973695A (en) * 2016-07-29 2016-09-28 湖南科技大学 Constant pressure loading device for similarity simulation experiments
CN106053254A (en) * 2016-07-07 2016-10-26 天津城建大学 Electric osmosis-loading joint shear apparatus
CN107917846A (en) * 2017-11-01 2018-04-17 浙江大学 Soil shear characteristic essence amount determining device and its assay method
CN108871893A (en) * 2016-04-07 2018-11-23 三峡大学 A kind of method that scene Soil Direct Shear test prepares the soil body with soil body preparation device
CN111208019A (en) * 2020-01-16 2020-05-29 西安近代化学研究所 Shearing friction force testing device
CN112411511A (en) * 2020-11-02 2021-02-26 张善庆 House foundation strength detection device for building
CN113008680A (en) * 2020-05-11 2021-06-22 河北航道汽车制造有限公司 Electric power safety tool detection vehicle and electric power safety tool detection system

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102042937B (en) * 2009-10-14 2012-07-25 同济大学 Site large-scale direct shearing test device of shearing strength of concrete and basement adhesion surface
CN101876169A (en) * 2010-05-26 2010-11-03 西安科技大学 Method for testing soil shear strength of slope in situ
CN102252919A (en) * 2011-07-05 2011-11-23 南京林业大学 Frozen soil-structure direct shear apparatus and use method thereof
CN102721616A (en) * 2012-02-16 2012-10-10 中交天津港湾工程研究院有限公司 Electroosmosis shear apparatus
CN102944475A (en) * 2012-11-29 2013-02-27 云南农业大学 Soil-fixation mechanical in-situ determinator for crop root-soil complexes and applications thereof
CN102944475B (en) * 2012-11-29 2014-10-22 云南农业大学 Soil-fixation mechanical in-situ determinator for crop root-soil complexes and applications thereof
CN103031832A (en) * 2013-01-07 2013-04-10 中国水电顾问集团成都勘测设计研究院 Hydropower station weak rock zone shear rheological test method
CN103175742A (en) * 2013-03-06 2013-06-26 北京交通大学 Frozen soil dynamic load direct shear apparatus
CN103616301A (en) * 2013-12-16 2014-03-05 浙江水利水电学院 Soil body shearing testing device and soil body shearing method
CN104033149B (en) * 2014-06-20 2016-09-14 张轩宁 Hand-operated lever-type soil sample collector
CN104033149A (en) * 2014-06-20 2014-09-10 王毓芳 Manual lever type soil sampler
CN104596867A (en) * 2015-01-23 2015-05-06 长江三峡勘测研究院有限公司(武汉) Novel double-wheel equal-strain direct shear apparatus
CN104713788A (en) * 2015-03-30 2015-06-17 西安长庆科技工程有限责任公司 Strain-control type tension-shearing direct shear apparatus
CN104807706A (en) * 2015-04-27 2015-07-29 中国地质科学院探矿工艺研究所 Portable soft and weak layer in-situ direct shear tester and testing method thereof
CN108871893A (en) * 2016-04-07 2018-11-23 三峡大学 A kind of method that scene Soil Direct Shear test prepares the soil body with soil body preparation device
CN108871893B (en) * 2016-04-07 2021-01-26 三峡大学 Method for preparing soil body by soil body preparation device for on-site soil body direct shear test
CN106053254A (en) * 2016-07-07 2016-10-26 天津城建大学 Electric osmosis-loading joint shear apparatus
CN105973695A (en) * 2016-07-29 2016-09-28 湖南科技大学 Constant pressure loading device for similarity simulation experiments
CN107917846A (en) * 2017-11-01 2018-04-17 浙江大学 Soil shear characteristic essence amount determining device and its assay method
CN111208019A (en) * 2020-01-16 2020-05-29 西安近代化学研究所 Shearing friction force testing device
CN113008680A (en) * 2020-05-11 2021-06-22 河北航道汽车制造有限公司 Electric power safety tool detection vehicle and electric power safety tool detection system
CN112411511A (en) * 2020-11-02 2021-02-26 张善庆 House foundation strength detection device for building

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C14 Grant of patent or utility model
GR01 Patent grant
C53 Correction of patent for invention or patent application
CB03 Change of inventor or designer information

Inventor after: Liu Sihong

Inventor after: Zang de Kee

Inventor after: Wang Yisen

Inventor before: Liu Sihong

Inventor before: Cang Deji

COR Change of bibliographic data

Free format text: CORRECT: INVENTOR; FROM: LIU SIHONG; ZANG DEJI TO: LIU SIHONG; ZANG DEJI; WANG YISEN

AV01 Patent right actively abandoned

Granted publication date: 20081105

Effective date of abandoning: 20070726