Brass-clad iron composite powder and manufacture method thereof
(1), technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of metal dust and manufacture method thereof, particularly a kind of composite metal powder and manufacture method thereof.
(2), background technology
At present, what be used for that the metal dust of aspects such as oiliness bearing, diamond segment, friction material mainly adopts is copper powder, brass powder or iron powder, two kinds or the mixed metal powder that all mixes in also useful first three powder, these metal dusts exist following deficiency:
1, copper powder, iron powder are the elemental metals powder, and be in use, as easy as rolling off a log oxidized.
2, the mixed metal powder apparent density that is made of copper powder, zinc powder, brass powder and iron powder is different, is prone to segregation during mixing, and the result of segregation will have a strong impact on the quality of product.
3, the cost of raw material of copper powder, brass powder is very high, and its price is general per ton about 7.5 ten thousand yuans.
Since above-mentioned, cause the product price of producing with these metal dusts very high, and also very easy oxidized, the product quality after the oxidation is very poor, and is fragile, and service life is short.
In order to address the above problem, relevant technologies personnel have developed copper-coated iron composite powder, this composite powder has the low advantage of cost, but exist powder self antioxygenic property poor, though the technical staff has carried out anti-oxidation processing to it, but in the process of producing product, its antioxygenic property is destroyed again, makes product still oxidized easily with this powder.
Therefore, produce a kind of with low cost, good metal dust of self antioxygenic property and have vast market prospect.Copper alloy has the good advantage of self antioxygenic property, relevant technologies personnel attempt directly to be coated on the surface of ferrous powder granules with copper alloy, as: the patent of invention that a kind of name is called " composite metal powder for powder metallurgy " is disclosed in CN1180904C, it is to form the copper of 5 weight %-75 weight % or the composite metal powder for powder metallurgy of copper alloy clad on iron powder, the calcium content that is contained in the iron powder as raw meal≤0.06 weight % wherein, the calcium content in this composite metal powder≤0.02 weight %.This patent disclosure one Albatra metal-iron clad composite powder, in fact because iron and copper or copper alloy do not dissolve each other each other, can not spread each other between iron and copper or the copper alloy, therefore, with the mode of physics, it is impracticable at all directly copper alloy directly being coated on the ferrous powder granules.
(3), summary of the invention
First purpose of the present invention just provides a kind of brass-clad iron composite powder, and it is not only with low cost, and has very strong self antioxygenic property, belongs to non-harmful product.
Second and third purpose of the present invention just provides a kind of manufacture method of brass-clad iron composite powder of production above-mentioned purpose, and this method production technology is simple, production cost is low, and the waste discharge of nonpollution environment belongs to non-harmful production method.
First purpose of the present invention is to realize by such technical scheme, it is the composite metal powder that forms the ormolu clad on copper-coated iron composite powder, wherein, copper accounts for the 5%-40% of described composite metal powder gross weight, zinc accounts for the 0.05%-40% of described composite metal powder gross weight, and surplus is an iron.
Brass is exactly ormolu.Brass-clad iron composite powder of the present invention is to be that core, intermediate layer are that copper, skin are the composite metal powder of the three-decker of ormolu with iron.According to existing technology, it is impracticable directly ormolu being coated on the ferrous powder granules, its reason is: copper, zinc, ormolu are all and immiscible between the iron, copper, zinc, ormolu both be difficult to stick on the ferrous powder granules with physics mode, also be difficult to and iron powder between diffusion each other, form iron-copper, iron-zinc alloy or iron ormolu.Allow iron powder be coated on technical barrier in the ormolu in order to solve, can only on the iron powder surface, coat one deck copper film with chemical mode, form copper-coated iron composite powder, the production method of copper-coated iron composite powder belongs to existing mature technology, because copper and zinc, dissolve each other each other between the ormolu, therefore, just can adopt physics mode that cu-zn alloy powder is adhered on the copper-coated iron composite powder surface, also zinc can be spread in the copper film of copper-coated iron composite powder from outside to inside, make the outer ormolu that forms of copper film, internal layer remains the copper layer, thereby obtains brass-clad iron composite powder.
Because ormolu self has stronger antioxygenic property, therefore, resulting brass-clad iron composite powder does not need to carry out anti-oxidant treatment again, just has good antioxygenic property, and with the product that it is produced, antioxygenic property also is significantly improved.Compare with brass powder,, not only can keep the physical property of brass powder, also have the good performance of intensity of iron, and significantly reduced manufacturing cost owing to be primary raw material with iron mainly in the brass-clad iron composite powder.
Second purpose of the present invention is to realize by following step:
(1), the cu-zn alloy powder that in copper-coated iron composite powder, adds described ratio, abundant mixing, send into then and reduce adhesion in the reduction furnace of band reduction, protective atmosphere, temperature is controlled in 450 ℃ of-800 ℃ of scopes in the stove of reduction furnace, the time that reduction adheres to is no less than 30 minutes, cu-zn alloy powder is adhered on the surface of copper-coated iron composite powder, form the ormolu clad, that is: brass-clad iron composite powder; Contain zinc and be lower than the fusing point of 20% ormolu in 900 ℃ of-1083 ℃ of scopes, therefore, in 450 ℃ of-800 ℃ of scopes, ormolu in the reduction furnace still is in solid-state, the contact-making surface of the copper on ormolu and copper-coated iron composite powder surface spreads each other, and ormolu is sticked on the surface of copper-coated iron composite powder.Because metal dust is in production or transportation, all can there be oxidation in various degree on the surface, generates oxide, and the metal that has oxide is difficult to adhere to each other each other, has only pure metal surface could adhere to each other well under high temperature action.Therefore, the purpose that copper-coated iron composite powder, cu-zn alloy powder are sent in the reduction furnace after mixing together is exactly the oxide generation chemical reaction that makes the metal surface, seize the oxygen in the oxide, the surface that makes metal dust is pure, under corresponding high temperature action, cu-zn alloy powder is sticked on the surface of copper-coated iron composite powder securely.
(2), the brass-clad iron composite powder that reduction adhesion back is generated carries out fragmentation, screening;
(3), the brass-clad iron composite powder after the screening is mixed powder, check, metering, packing warehouse-in.
The 3rd purpose of the present invention is to realize by following step:
(1), the zinc powder that in copper-coated iron composite powder, adds described ratio, abundant mixing, send into then and reduce diffusion in the reduction furnace of band reduction, protective atmosphere, temperature is controlled in 450 ℃ of-800 ℃ of scopes in the stove of reduction furnace, the time of reduction diffusion was at 30 minutes-120 minutes, zinc powder is diffused in the copper layer of copper-coated iron composite powder, and making the copper layer form the outside is that ormolu, inboard are the composite bed of copper, that is: brass-clad iron composite powder; Because 419 ℃ of the fusing points of zinc, therefore, under 450 ℃ of-800 ℃ of temperature actions, zinc in the reduction furnace is in liquid state, liquid zinc spreads from the copper film surface ecto-entad of copper-coated iron composite powder, in 30 minutes-120 minutes time, makes the outer ormolu that forms of copper film, internal layer remains copper, thereby obtains brass-clad iron composite powder.Another effect that copper-coated iron composite powder, zinc bronze are sent in the reduction furnace after mixing together is exactly the oxide generation chemical reaction that makes the metal surface, seize the oxygen in the oxide, the surface that makes metal dust is pure, under corresponding high temperature action, zinc powder is diffused in the copper film of copper-coated iron composite powder better.
(2), the brass-clad iron composite powder that reduction diffusion back is generated carries out fragmentation, screening;
(3), the brass-clad iron composite powder after the screening is mixed powder, check, metering, packing warehouse-in.
Since adopted technique scheme, brass-clad iron composite powder of the present invention to have with low cost and very strong self antioxygenic property, the genus non-harmful product, production cost per ton is at 2.2 ten thousand yuans, and cost of material is 1/3rd of a brass powder.The method that the present invention produces brass-clad iron composite powder has that technology is simple, production cost is low, and the waste discharge of nonpollution environment belongs to non-harmful production method.
(4), the specific embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment:
The present invention is the composite metal powder that forms the ormolu clad on copper-coated iron composite powder, and wherein, copper accounts for the 5%-40% of described composite metal powder gross weight, and zinc accounts for the 0.05%-40% of described composite metal powder gross weight, and surplus is an iron.
Brass is exactly ormolu.Brass-clad iron composite powder of the present invention is to be that core, intermediate layer are that copper, skin are the composite metal powder of the three-decker of ormolu with iron.According to existing technology, it is impracticable directly ormolu being coated on the ferrous powder granules, its reason is: copper, zinc, ormolu are all and immiscible between the iron, copper, zinc, ormolu both be difficult to stick on the ferrous powder granules with physics mode, also be difficult to and iron powder between diffusion each other, form iron-copper, iron-zinc alloy or iron ormolu.Allow iron powder be coated on technical barrier in the ormolu in order to solve, can only on the iron powder surface, coat one deck copper film with chemical mode, form copper-coated iron composite powder, the production method of copper-coated iron composite powder belongs to existing mature technology, because copper and zinc, dissolve each other each other between the ormolu, therefore, just can adopt physics mode that cu-zn alloy powder is adhered on the copper-coated iron composite powder surface, also zinc can be spread in the copper film of copper-coated iron composite powder from outside to inside, make the outer ormolu that forms of copper film, internal layer remains the copper layer, thereby obtains brass-clad iron composite powder.
Because ormolu self has stronger antioxygenic property, therefore, resulting brass-clad iron composite powder does not need to carry out anti-oxidant treatment again, just has good antioxygenic property, and with the product that it is produced, antioxygenic property also is significantly improved.Compare with brass powder,, not only can keep the physical property of brass powder, also have the good performance of intensity of iron, and significantly reduced manufacturing cost owing to be primary raw material with iron mainly in the brass-clad iron composite powder.
Brass-clad iron composite powder of the present invention is to be that core, intermediate layer are that copper, skin are the composite metal powder of the three-decker of ormolu with iron.The ratio of copper and zinc can be allocated according to the needs in market:
In the described composite metal powder, copper accounts for 5% of gross weight, and zinc accounts for the 0.05%-5% of gross weight, wherein, zinc can account for 0.05% of composite metal powder gross weight, also can account for 2.5% of composite metal powder gross weight, can also account for 5% of composite metal powder gross weight.
In the described composite metal powder, copper accounts for 20% of gross weight, and zinc accounts for the 0.2%-20% of gross weight, wherein, zinc can account for 0.2% of composite metal powder gross weight, also can account for 10% of composite metal powder gross weight, can also account for 20% of composite metal powder gross weight.Copper accounts for the 18%-22% of gross weight, the 8%-10% that zinc accounts for gross weight, the combination that surplus is iron is a preferred version, and preferred plan is: copper account for gross weight 21%, zinc account for gross weight 9%, surplus is iron, promptly is 30 brass-clad iron composite powders.
In the described composite metal powder, copper accounts for 40% of gross weight, and zinc accounts for the 0.4%-40% of gross weight, wherein, zinc can account for 0.4% of composite metal powder gross weight, also can account for 20% of composite metal powder gross weight, can also account for 40% of composite metal powder gross weight.
First kind of manufacture method of brass-clad iron composite powder of the present invention carried out as follows:
(1), the cu-zn alloy powder that in copper-coated iron composite powder, adds described ratio, abundant mixing, send into then and reduce adhesion in the reduction furnace of band reduction, protective atmosphere, temperature is controlled in 450 ℃ of-800 ℃ of scopes in the stove of reduction furnace, the time that reduction adheres to is no less than 30 minutes, cu-zn alloy powder is adhered on the surface of copper-coated iron composite powder, form the ormolu clad, that is: brass-clad iron composite powder; Contain zinc and be lower than the fusing point of 20% ormolu in 900 ℃ of-1083 ℃ of scopes, therefore, in 450 ℃ of-800 ℃ of scopes, ormolu in the reduction furnace still is in solid-state, the contact-making surface of the copper on ormolu and copper-coated iron composite powder surface spreads each other, and ormolu is sticked on the surface of copper-coated iron composite powder.Because metal dust is in production or transportation, all can there be oxidation in various degree on the surface, generates oxide, and the metal that has oxide is difficult to adhere to each other each other, has only pure metal surface could adhere to each other well under high temperature action.Therefore, the purpose that copper-coated iron composite powder, cu-zn alloy powder are sent in the reduction furnace after mixing together is exactly the oxide generation chemical reaction that makes the metal surface, seize the oxygen in the oxide, the surface that makes metal dust is pure, under corresponding high temperature action, cu-zn alloy powder is sticked on the surface of copper-coated iron composite powder securely.
(2), the brass-clad iron composite powder that reduction adhesion back is generated carries out fragmentation, screening;
(3), the brass-clad iron composite powder after the screening is mixed powder, check, metering, packing warehouse-in.
In the said method, in order to improve the effect of producing product, cu-zn alloy powder is coated on the copper-coated iron composite powder better, and the granularity of cu-zn alloy powder is laminated with the granularity of powder less than copper-clad iron, and cu-zn alloy powder can be coated on the surface of copper-coated iron composite powder.The granularity of copper-coated iron composite powder can be below 80 orders, little 100 orders of the granularity of the fineness ratio copper-coated iron composite powder of cu-zn alloy powder.The granularity of copper-coated iron composite powder is preferably less than 100 orders, and the granularity of cu-zn alloy powder is preferably less than 300 orders.
Second kind of manufacture method of brass-clad iron composite powder of the present invention carried out as follows:
(1), the zinc powder that in copper-coated iron composite powder, adds described ratio, abundant mixing, send into then and reduce diffusion in the reduction furnace of band reduction, protective atmosphere, temperature is controlled in 450 ℃ of-800 ℃ of scopes in the stove of reduction furnace, the time of reduction diffusion was at 30 minutes-120 minutes, zinc powder is diffused in the copper layer of copper-coated iron composite powder, and making the copper layer form the outside is that ormolu, inboard are the composite bed of copper, that is: brass-clad iron composite powder; Because 419 ℃ of the fusing points of zinc, therefore, under 450 ℃ of-800 ℃ of temperature actions, zinc in the reduction furnace is in liquid state, liquid zinc spreads from the copper film surface ecto-entad of copper-coated iron composite powder, in 30 minutes-120 minutes time, makes the outer ormolu that forms of copper film, internal layer remains copper, thereby obtains brass-clad iron composite powder.Another effect that copper-coated iron composite powder, zinc bronze are sent in the reduction furnace after mixing together is exactly the oxide generation chemical reaction that makes the metal surface, seize the oxygen in the oxide, the surface that makes metal dust is pure, under corresponding high temperature action, zinc powder is diffused in the copper film of copper-coated iron composite powder better.
(2), the brass-clad iron composite powder that reduction diffusion back is generated carries out fragmentation, screening;
(3), the brass-clad iron composite powder after the screening is mixed powder, check, metering, packing warehouse-in.
In order to prolong the storage period of brass-clad iron composite powder, further strengthen its antioxygenic property, can carry out anti-oxidation processing to the brass-clad iron composite powder of producing.The method of anti-oxidation processing is: add a spot of corrosion inhibiter in brass-clad iron composite powder.Corrosion inhibiter can be a benzotriazole, also can zinc stearate, and can also be other any corrosion inhibiter that plays same function.