CN101088581A - Poisonous waste treating method and special apparatus - Google Patents
Poisonous waste treating method and special apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN101088581A CN101088581A CNA2007100233389A CN200710023338A CN101088581A CN 101088581 A CN101088581 A CN 101088581A CN A2007100233389 A CNA2007100233389 A CN A2007100233389A CN 200710023338 A CN200710023338 A CN 200710023338A CN 101088581 A CN101088581 A CN 101088581A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
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Abstract
The present invention relates to poisonous waste treating method and apparatus, and belongs to the field of waste treating technology. The poisonous waste treating apparatus is plasma apparatus comprising a furnace body, a main graphite electrode and an auxiliary graphite electrode connected to the cover of the furnace body, carrier gas supplier connected to the main graphite electrode, a feeder, a vitreous body exhausting heat pump, a metal melt heat pump, a crucible inside the furnace body, a lower electrode in the bottom of the furnace body, a liquid level sensor connected to the sensor controller, and a tail gas exhausting system connected to the furnace body. It is used in treating polychlorinated biphenyl and other high dangerous waste through instantaneous high temperature, and has no secondary pollution, capacity of recovering high energy gas, and capacity of recovering metals.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of processing method and isolated plant of handling the method and the isolated plant, particularly a kind of poisonous waste of discarded object.
Background technology
Along with modernized society's develop rapidly, environmental pollution aggravates day by day, artificial synthetic all kinds of chemical substance kinds, wherein much be harmful or poisonous, the high-risk electronic waste that produces under the high-tech condition particularly, can not adopt simple burning or bury, otherwise can produce materials such as a large amount of dioxin (Dioxin) class material, hypertoxic garbage flying ash and absorbent formation multiple virose Pb, Cd, Hg, severe contamination environment.Or perhaps traditional landfill method and burning disposal method, because secondary pollution, migration effect and poor efficiency have been subjected to serious challenge, the secondary pollution problem that particularly produces more highly toxic many chloros dibenzo dioxin (PCDDs) and many chloros dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in the burning process is subjected to the great attention of countries in the world, especially high-risk electronic waste, the nonimportation laws and regulations have all been formulated in countries in the world, and this just requires necessary this class refuse of localization process very urgent.
Not only contain nonmetal organic matter, inorganic matter in the numerous discarded objects, particularly Fei Qi electric PC board, also contain multiple precious metal element.With a kind of discarded computer circuits plate is example, illustrates that it is composed as follows, referring to table 1:
Table 1 computer abandoned printed circuit board constituent (%wt)
| Metal | Form | Content | Oxide | Form | Content |
| Copper | 20 | Silica | 15 | ||
| Zinc | 1 | Aluminium oxide | 6 | ||
| |
2 | Refractory oxides, alkaline earth oxide | 6 | ||
| |
2 | Other | 2 | ||
| |
2 | Oxide adds up to | 29 | ||
| |
8 | Organic matter | Polymer with nitrogen | 1 | |
| |
4 | The C-H-O polymer | 24 | ||
| Antimony | 1 | |
4 | ||
| Silver | 0.9 | Organic matter adds up to | 29 | ||
| Gold | 0.045 | ||||
| Other | |||||
| Metal adds up to | ～42 |
Because the plasma arc technology has very high decomposition efficiency and volume reduction ratio to surpass 97% because of it has the high temperature high-termal conductivity to pollutant, noxious material; especially to the pollutant of unmanageable pollutant and specific (special) requirements; its advance further displays with superiority; become the most rising, a most noticeable high-tech technology in the offal treatment field of protecting environment.
At present both at home and abroad existing patents disclose the multiple discarded object that the direct-current plasma arc technology can be handled discarded object even comprise chemical weapons.
Bel's (United States Patent (USP) 4431612) destroys Polychlorinated biphenyls with arc-plasma, and this technology is utilized water-cooled non-transferred arc plasma torch metal electrode system, and electrode life is shorter, is interrupted and changes, and is with high costs, can not the long-time continuous operation.
Chinese patent, (ZL200610060124.4) plasma reaction furnace for processing waste of Huang Jianjun, this device includes plasma device, hollow graphite electrode and body of heater, hollow graphite electrode is positioned at the central part of body of heater, have in the bottom of body of heater and corresponding second electrode of hollow graphite electrode and the graphite extraction pole that links to each other with second electrode, adopt the passage of the hollow pipeline of hollow graphite electrode in this technical scheme as the feeding waste material, the waste material that is fed is a solid, liquid, gas attitude discarded object after crushed etc., can not directly feed block discarded object.Because this stove adopts single top electrode, hearth electrode is second electrode, in use, in case outage blowing out, handled material is freezing, crystallization on hearth electrode, form nature of glass insulator, this insulator will cause can't forming current path between top electrode and the hearth electrode, can not the starting the arc, the equipment cisco unity malfunction.Even furnace bottom is changed into graphite crucible, the artificial layer of conductive material of laying below the top electrode, make it to form current loop with the graphite crucible sidewall, the striking success, and high-temperature electric arc does not directly act on the thick-layer nature of glass insulator on the hearth electrode, therefore the heat energy of electric arc melting thing can not guarantee the thorough fusion of thick-layer nature of glass insulator with the original crystallization of furnace bottom, therefore causes the common common fault of single electrode electric arc furnaces " furnace bottom continuous rise ", builds stove at the bottom of manually pounding loss of sheet again.This body of heater side bottom is only established a molten mass outlet, causes vitreum and issuable metal bath to flow out from same outlet, and promptly slag, golden compounding substances separate precious metal for next step reclaims, and make troubles.Exhaust emissions has only the alkali liquid washing of setting, has only solved the part acidic materials that pyrolysis produces, and other granule dust, NOx etc. do not have fine solution.
Summary of the invention
When the objective of the invention is to provide a kind of processing poisonous waste, efficiently solve processing method and the isolated plant of toxic and harmful to the poisonous waste of secondary environmental pollution.
The apparatus scheme that solves its technical problem is: this device has plasma device, carrying object gas feeder, main graphite electrode, auxiliary graphite electrode, feeder, body of heater, crucible, vitreum discharging heat pump, many metal concentrates melt heat pump, liquid level sensor, sensor controller and exhaust emissions system, plasma device, main graphite electrode and auxiliary graphite electrode are connected on the bell of body of heater, carrying object gas feeder is connected with main graphite electrode, feeder is positioned at the upside of body of heater, vitreum discharging heat pump is positioned at the opposite side of body of heater, metal concentrate melt heat pump is positioned at the bottom of body of heater, crucible is positioned at body of heater, bottom electrode is positioned at the bottom of body of heater, be connected with crucible, liquid level sensor is positioned at the outside of crucible, and be connected with sensor controller, exhaust emissions system and body of heater link together.
Plasma device includes direct-current plasma arc power and Circuits System, main graphite electrode is top electrode and top electrode drag device, there is aperture at the center of top electrode, and is positioned at the center of body of heater, and the upper end of top electrode is connected on the top electrode drag device by electrode holde; Bottom electrode is a graphite crucible, and the exit of bottom electrode is positioned at the lower end of body of heater, and the bottom electrode exit is a 3--4 electrode tie point, be distributed on body of heater around, graphite crucible is connected with the bottom electrode exit; Auxiliary graphite electrode has auxiliary electrode and auxiliary electrode drag device, and is positioned at a side of top electrode, and auxiliary graphite electrode is connected on the auxiliary electrode drag device by electrode holde, and top electrode drag device and auxiliary electrode drag device all are connected on the body of heater.
Carrying object gas feeder is single inert gas Ar
2, N
2Or mixture gas generating device, perhaps bottled inert gas Ar
2, N
2Or mist; Carrying object gas feeder is connected the upper end of top electrode, by the aperture at top electrode center, inert gas is sent into plasma arc zone in the stove.
Body of heater is totally-enclosed cracking, fusion discarded object body of heater, body of heater has bell, shaft and furnace bottom, bell and furnace bottom are connected the upper/lower terminal of shaft, there is sealable main graphite electrode to send into hole, video peep hole at the bell top, assists graphite electrode to send into hole and standby hole, being connected with feeder on the shaft is the discarded object feeding unit, the shaft side is connected with vitreum discharging heat pump, has bottom electrode to draw stomidium in the lower end of shaft, and furnace bottom is connected with many metal concentrates heat pump; It is furnace lining that there are multiple layer refractory, insulation material in furnace body wall inside, and all parts that are connected with body of heater all adopt and are tightly connected; Bell is connected with shaft with easy-to-open type flush type hermetically-sealed construction and connects.
Vitreum discharging heat pump has vitreum discharge chamber, and the glass precursor solution delivery pipe is arranged in vitreum discharge chamber, outside the glass precursor solution delivery pipe resistance heating body has been installed; Metal concentrate melt heat pump has metal discharge chamber, in metal discharge chamber, actuating coil is arranged, actuating coil is hollow cryogenic liquid cooling flat copper coil, actuating coil is connected with high frequency electric source, at the actuating coil center molten metal delivery pipe is arranged, the molten metal delivery pipe adopts graphite to make, and at the center of molten metal delivery pipe aperture is arranged, and aperture is the molten metal outlet or the crystallization mouth of heat pump.
The exhaust emissions system is made up of tail gas after-treatment chamber, alkali lye spray chamber, particle dirt pocket, charcoal absorption chamber, air-introduced machine and chimney, tail gas after-treatment chamber, alkali lye spray chamber, particle dirt pocket, charcoal absorption chamber, air-introduced machine and chimney are linked in sequence, the indoor heater that is connected with of tail gas after-treatment; Tail gas alkali lye spray chamber has spray thrower, and the liquid of ejection is single alkali lye or mixed alkali liquor; The particle dirt pocket has cyclone dust collectors; There is sandwich construction the charcoal absorption chamber, one deck cavity, and layer of active carbon, active carbon is viscose-based active carbon carbon fiber (ACF).
The process technology scheme that solves its technical problem employing is:
Crucible put in the body of heater and with electrode connect, cover bell, open plasma arc gas carrying object generator power, guarantee plasma arc gas carrying object generator air feed abundance, and then open plasma device power supply and striking, the discarded object that will give processing by feeder is put into the crucible to body of heater, the discarded object in plasma arcs article on plasma arc zone carries out pyrolysis, fusion, pyrolysis, temperature during fusion be 1300 ℃-3000 ℃ adjustable, metal and nonmetal inorganic matter fusion and layering, form metal bath and glass melt, open vitreum discharging heat pump and metal concentrate melt heat pump power supply, metal bath flows out body of heater through the metal bath heat pump, and heating-up temperature is 1300 ℃-1500 ℃; Glass melt flows out body of heater through vitreum discharging heat pump, and heating-up temperature is 1300 ℃-1500 ℃; The waste gas that produces when pyrolysis, fusion is discharged body of heater by the steam exhaust port of body of heater through the exhaust emissions system, and waste gas carries out that waste gas is carried out high temperature from exhaust system for 1250 ℃-1300 ℃ through the use of tail gas after-treatment chamber to be handled again; Tail gas alkali lye spray chamber uses normal temperature alkali lye that the high-temp waste gas through high-temperature process is carried out the chilling spray; Particle dirt pocket eliminating particle dust, charcoal absorption chamber absorption poisonous and harmful substance are discharged body of heater to sky again under the effect of air-introduced machine and chimney, form the negative pressure state in the body of heater simultaneously.
Beneficial effect: in the such scheme, poisonous waste is placed in the plasma arcs unit furnace body, by controlled atmosphere direct-current plasma camber temperature with poisonous waste fusion, cracking, nonmetal organic matter in the poisonous waste thoroughly is cracked into micro-molecular gas with the environment friendliness, nonmetal inorganic matter vitrifying, the metal partial melting forms many metal baths; The plasma arcs arc core temperature of plasma apparatus can reach more than 7000 ℃ even 10000 ℃, and the reactor operating temperature can be adjusted in 3000 ℃, can reach a high temperature in moment when handling poisonous waste, do not produce dioxin extremely toxic substances such as (Dioxin), avoid human body and environment are caused secondary pollution, the vent gas treatment amount is very little, when handling poisonous waste, do not produce toxic and harmful to the secondary pollution that environment causes, reached purpose of the present invention.
The present invention adopts and to send into inert gas as the plasma arcs carrying object by the graphite electrode central small hole, feeds particle or blocks of solid, liquid, gaseous waste products by feeder in body of heater, and it is the plasma arcs zone that discarded object enters in the crucible; Work electric arc is the plasma arcs of boundling effect, adopt main graphite electrode and auxiliary graphite electrode, auxiliary graphite electrode is auxiliary striking graphite electrode, furnace bottom has second electrode of main graphite electrode, in use, can will assist graphite electrode to send in the stove as required, ignite behind the plasma arcs, to assist the graphite electrode outage to propose to break away from the plasma arcs zone rapidly, as the outage blowing out, the nature of glass insulator of freezing and crystallizing on hearth electrode, to cause to form current path between top electrode and the hearth electrode, can not the starting the arc, at this moment can will assist graphite electrode to send in the stove, and form electric arc between the main graphite electrode, with freezing and crystallizing after the nature of glass insulation melts on the hearth electrode, make main graphite electrode and furnace bottom second electrode connect constitute current loop, light plasma arcs after equipment enter operate as normal.Thoroughly avoid the generation of " furnace bottom rising " problem.Vitreum discharging heat pump is set in the body of heater side, metal concentrate melt heat pump is set at furnace bottom, can be regularly, quantitatively respectively vitreum and metal bath are discharged out of the furnace.The acidic materials of that produce and the micro-molecular gas tail gas environment friendliness, visible particle dust, and other nitrogen oxide etc. by tail gas post bake, chilling alkali lye spray, particle dedusting, charcoal absorption etc., last tail gas can emptying or is continued recovery high energy gas hydrogen etc.
Plasma arcs cracking poisonous waste has the following advantages: can handle the contour danger wastes of Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) that needs Pintsch process, can reach a high temperature in moment when handling poisonous waste, do not produce dioxin extremely toxic substances such as (Dioxin), avoid human body and environment are caused secondary pollution, the vent gas treatment amount is very little, only be 5%～10% of traditional burning method, and exhaust gas treating method is simple, can further recycles high energy gas; The solid residue that produces is high stability, hypotonicity vitreum, and physico-chemical property is very stable, can be used for building materials or security landfill; Many metal concentrates can be used for electrolysis or vacuum distillation, reclaim noble metals such as precious metals such as copper, lead, aluminium, antimony, nickel, cadmium and gold, silver, palladium, platinum respectively.Volume reduction ratio is more than 97%, and treatment process does not have waste water, waste gas, waste discharge.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure chart of special equipment of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: this device has plasma device, carrying object gas feeder, main graphite electrode, auxiliary graphite electrode, feeder, body of heater, crucible, vitreum discharging heat pump, many metal concentrates melt heat pump, liquid level sensor, sensor controller and exhaust emissions system, plasma device, main graphite electrode and auxiliary graphite electrode are connected on the bell of body of heater, carrying object gas feeder is connected with main graphite electrode, feeder is positioned at the upside of body of heater, vitreum discharging heat pump is positioned at the opposite side of body of heater, metal concentrate melt heat pump is positioned at the bottom of body of heater, crucible is positioned at body of heater, liquid level sensor is positioned at the upper end of crucible, and be connected with sensor controller, exhaust emissions system and body of heater link together, and also connect the video acquisition player on the bell of body of heater.
Plasma device includes direct-current plasma arc power and Circuits System, main graphite electrode has top electrode 1-, bottom electrode 1+ and top electrode drag device 3, there is aperture at the center of top electrode, and being positioned at the center of body of heater, the upper end of top electrode is connected on the top electrode drag device by electrode holde; Bottom electrode 1+ is a graphite crucible, and the exit of bottom electrode is positioned at the lower end of body of heater, and the bottom electrode exit is a 3--4 electrode tie point, be distributed on body of heater around, graphite crucible is connected with the bottom electrode exit; Auxiliary graphite electrode has auxiliary electrode 1 '+and auxiliary electrode drag device 3 ', and be positioned at a side of top electrode, auxiliary graphite electrode is connected on the auxiliary electrode drag device by electrode holde, and top electrode drag device 3 and auxiliary electrode drag device 3 ' all are connected on the body of heater.Top electrode 1-is connected with the negative pole of direct-current plasma arc power, and bottom electrode is connected with the positive pole of auxiliary graphite electrode with the direct-current plasma arc power, is subjected to the control of the positive pole of direct-current plasma arc power separately.Stripped arc power such as direct current and Circuits System are existing equipment, and model is: DCF-2000--160.
Carrying object gas feeder is single inert gas Ar
2, N
2Or mixture gas generating device, perhaps bottled inert gas Ar
2, N
2Or mist; Carrying object gas feeder is connected the upper end of top electrode, by the aperture at top electrode center, inert gas is sent into plasma arc zone in the stove.The current-carrying gas feeder is an existing equipment, and model is: ON7.5-7.5 system nitrogen air compressor, and chew 2 by flexible pipe with graphite electrode 1-central small hole gas and be connected.
Body of heater 5 is totally-enclosed cracking, fusion discarded object body of heater, body of heater has bell, shaft and furnace bottom, bell and furnace bottom are connected the upper/lower terminal of shaft, there is sealable main graphite electrode to send into hole, video peep hole at the bell top, assists graphite electrode to send into hole and standby hole, being connected with feeder 4 on the shaft is the discarded object feeding unit, the shaft side is connected with vitreum discharging heat pump, has 4 bottom electrodes to draw stomidium in the lower end of shaft, and furnace bottom is connected with many metal concentrates heat pump; It is furnace lining that there are multiple layer refractory, insulation material in furnace body wall inside, and all parts that are connected with body of heater all adopt and are tightly connected; Bell is connected with hermetically-sealed construction with shaft and connects.Feeder 4 has hopper and straight line conveyer, and the straight line conveyer is auger conveyor or hydraulic pressure conveyer, and hopper is positioned at the top of straight line conveyer.
Vitreum discharging heat pump 6-2 has vitreum discharge chamber, and the glass precursor solution delivery pipe is arranged in vitreum discharge chamber, outside the glass precursor solution delivery pipe resistance heating body has been installed, and resistance heating body is SiC rod or MoSi
2The rod resistance heating body, when resistance heating body did not add electrical heating, vitreum was frozen in the passage of glass precursor solution delivery pipe, send electrical heating after, the vitreum that is frozen in the glass precursor solution delivery pipe passage is melted, the glass precursor solution in the body of heater can flow out outside the stove; Metal concentrate melt heat pump 6-1 has metal discharge chamber, in metal discharge chamber, actuating coil is arranged, actuating coil is hollow cryogenic liquid cooling flat copper coil, actuating coil is connected with high frequency electric source, at the actuating coil center molten metal delivery pipe is arranged, the molten metal delivery pipe adopts graphite to make, there is aperture at center at the molten metal delivery pipe, aperture is the molten metal outlet or the crystallization mouth of heat pump, when passing through cryogenic liquid in the coil, the metal delivery pipe inner metal liquid body that is positioned at hub of a spool is cooled off and crystallization, when on coil, passing through high frequency electric, the metal delivery pipe of graphite properties is by the high frequency electric source heat temperature raising, and the metal that is positioned at the metal delivery pipe is melted, and solid metal is fused into liquid metal and flows out body of heater smoothly by the metal delivery pipe.
Video acquisition pickup camera 7 and the computer device that displays the play is connected, and the real-time video collection, detects situation in the stove, observes the working condition in the body of heater; Liquid level sensor is connected the upper end of crucible, liquid level sensor is connected with sensor controller, sensor control device constitutes closed loop with Circuits System and is connected, Circuits System is connected with many metal concentrates melt heat pump with top electrode drag device, auxiliary electrode drag device, feeder, carrying object gas feeder, vitreum discharging heat pump, Circuits System is discharged at regular time and quantity etc. rise fall of electrodes, heat pump open and close and discarded object feeding quantity what, vitreum and metal bath according to real time status in the body of heater and is sent control instruction, implements to control.Video acquisition pickup camera 7 and the computer device that displays the play is commercial product.
There are tail gas after-treatment chamber 8, tail gas alkali lye spray chamber 9, particle dirt pocket 10, charcoal absorption chamber 11, air-introduced machine and chimney 12 in the exhaust emissions system, tail gas after-treatment chamber 8, tail gas alkali lye spray chamber 9, particle dirt pocket 10, charcoal absorption chamber 11, air-introduced machine and chimney 12 are linked in sequence, and are connected with heater in the tail gas after-treatment chamber 8; Tail gas alkali lye spray chamber 9 has a plurality of atomizing spray heads, and the liquid of ejection is single alkali lye or mixed alkali liquor; There is sandwich construction the charcoal absorption chamber, one deck cavity, and layer of active carbon, active carbon is viscose-based active carbon carbon fiber (ACF).
The process technology scheme that solves its technical problem employing is:
Crucible put in the body of heater and with electrode connect, cover bell, open plasma arc gas carrying object generator power, guarantee plasma arc gas carrying object generator air feed abundance, and then open plasma device power supply, by feeder the waste electronic wiring board of pulverizing is put into crucible to body of heater, the material in plasma article on plasma arc zone carries out pyrolysis, fusion, pyrolysis, temperature during fusion is 2000 ℃, metal and nonmetal inorganic matter fusion and layering, form metal bath and glass melt, open vitreum discharging heat pump and metal concentrate melt heat pump power supply, metal bath flows out body of heater through metal concentrate melt heat pump, and heating-up temperature is 1400 ℃; Glass melt flows out body of heater through vitreum discharging heat pump, and heating-up temperature is 1400 ℃; The waste gas that produces when pyrolysis, fusion is discharged body of heater by the steam exhaust port of body of heater through exhaust system, and waste gas carries out that waste gas is carried out high temperature from exhaust system for 1275 ℃ through the use of tail gas after-treatment chamber to be handled again; Tail gas alkali lye spray chamber uses the normal temperature aqueous slkali, and high-temp waste gas is carried out chilling; Particle dirt pocket eliminating particle dust, charcoal absorption chamber absorption poisonous and harmful substance are discharged body of heater to sky again under the effect of heat-resisting air-introduced machine of water-cooled and chimney, form the negative pressure state of body of heater simultaneously.
To put into discarded object feeding system 4 behind the fragment of the discarded printed circuit boards precomminution 1-5cm left and right sides, this feeding system is the pay-off that is provided with secondary seal, and be connected on the hermetic plasma arc furnace body 5, the waste printed circuit board fragment is sent into the plasma arcs zone accurately and reliably carry out fusion, pyrolysis.
But the actuator 3 that has the free lifting of meticulous adjustment graphite electrode, with graphite electrode accurately and under air-proof condition, send into or rise from burner hearth, graphite electrode is except that the electric current that produces by electrode jaw transmission high efficiency direct-current plasma arc power 1, and the plasma arcs carrying object adopts simple substance Ar
2, N
2Or mist, gas source is a plasma current-carrying gas generating means 2, and the waste printed circuit board fragment is cracked into small molecule structure with its nonmetal organic matter rapidly in 7000 ℃ plasma arcs zone, the inorganic matter melten glassization, metal melting is present in crucible bottom.
The many metal concentrates melt that retains in crucible bottom is looked in the stove liquid level need control outflow, being arranged at furnace bottom heat pump 6-1 has the bar-shaped crystallizer of aperture graphite by the center of cryogenic liquid cooling coil thermatron and hub of a spool and forms, metal bath is excreted, the liquid glass melt that retains in crucible top enters heat pump 6-2 through passage, and then controlling resistance heating as required, guarantee that the liquid glass body flows out body of heater smoothly.
Situation is imported the screen window into by a video camera system 7 in the whole stove, and carries out hommization control according to the working of a furnace and the unlatching of adjusting rate of feeding, rise fall of electrodes, plasma arcs power capacity and intensity, heat pump in conjunction with crucible melt liquid level sensing data at any time and closed and follow-up vent gas treatment equipment series or the like.
The tail gas of discharging in the stove is through process chamber 8; the control temperature is after 1300 ℃; entering chilling is NaOH aqueous solution spray system 9; acidic materials such as the little molecule halide in the purpose elimination tail gas, oxysulfide; enter dirt pocket 10; eliminate particle dust, enter activated carbon adsorber 11 at last, introduce chimney 12 through the water-cooled air-introduced machine again and enter atmosphere.
Through after this system handles, be a kind of many metal concentrates that produce of embodiment and vitreum composition, pyrolysis tail gas, vitreum seepage result of the test (referring to table 2, table 3, table 4, table 5) below.
Table 2 a discarded computer circuits plate plasma arcs motlten metal body of heater composition (%wt)
| Element | Composition | Element | Composition | Element | Composition |
| Cu | 45 | |
7 | |
3 |
| Fe | 14 | Ni | 6 | Au | 0.15 |
| |
10 | Sb | 3.5 | Other |
Table 3 waste printed circuit board plasma arcs melten glass body composition (%wt)
| Oxide | Composition | Oxide | Composition | Oxide | Composition | Oxide | Composition |
| SiO 2 | 63.5 | K 2O | 0.42 | B 2O | 0.27 | TiO 2 | 0.45 |
| Al 2O 3 | 11.5 | Na 2O | 5.60 | Cr 2O 3 | 0.69 | Pb 2O 3 | 0.04 |
| CaO | 9.7 | MgO | 3.22 | MnO 2 | 0.09 | Fe 2O 3 | 0.15 |
| Ag 2O | 0.02 | BaO | 0.18 |
Table 4 waste printed circuit board plasma arcs pyrolysis tail gas inspection results
| Analysis project | Unit | Testing result | Analysis project | Unit | Testing result |
| Particle | mg/Nm 3 | 37.1 | HCl | mg/m 3 | 2.73 |
| SO 2 | mg/Nm 3 | 25.9 | NOx | mg/m 3 | 21.5 |
| H 2S | mg/m 3 | 0.004 | CO | mg/m 3 | 9.2 |
Table 5 waste printed circuit board direct-current plasma arc melten glass body seepage testing result
| Metal object (mg/L) | Actual measurement (mg/L) | Limiting value (China) (mg/L) | Metal object (mg/L) | Actual measurement (mg/L) | Limiting value (China) (mg/L) |
| Pb | ＜0.02 | ＜3 | Cr | 0.005 * | ＜10 |
| Cd | ＜0.005 * | ＜0.3 | Cu | ＜0.06 | ＜50 |
| Ba | 0.02 | ＜100 |
*Be lower than the instrumental sensitivity limiting value
The flying dust that embodiment 2 domestic waste incinerations produce, contain compositions such as a large amount of hypertoxic dioxin, send into the plasma arcs zone by feeder, under 1300 ℃ of conditions of temperature, fusion rapidly, the inorganic molecules of severe toxicity organic matter moment cracking and environment friendliness is handled emptying up to standard by tail gas clean-up.Open vitreum discharging heat pump and metal concentrate melt heat pump power supply, metal bath flows out body of heater through metal concentrate melt heat pump, and heating-up temperature is 1300 ℃; Glass melt flows out body of heater through vitreum discharging heat pump, and heating-up temperature is 1300 ℃; The waste gas that produces when pyrolysis, fusion is discharged body of heater by the steam exhaust port of body of heater through exhaust system, and waste gas carries out that waste gas is carried out high temperature from exhaust system for 1250 ℃ through the use of tail gas after-treatment chamber to be handled again.Other and embodiment 1 omit together.
Embodiment 3: the discarded Pt of the containing noble metal catalyst that petrochemical industry produces is sent into the plasma arcs zone with compound, and under 3000 ℃ of temperature, catalyst carrier Al
2O
3With CaO, the SiO in the compound
2Deng material vitrifying together, discharge body of heater, it is that metal bath discharges out of the furnace that noble metals such as Pt are received the agent fusion with metals such as Cu, can be directly used in to reclaim precious metals pt etc.Open vitreum discharging heat pump and metal concentrate melt heat pump power supply, metal bath flows out body of heater through metal concentrate melt heat pump, and heating-up temperature is 1500 ℃; Glass melt flows out body of heater through vitreum discharging heat pump, and heating-up temperature is 1500 ℃; The waste gas that produces when pyrolysis, fusion is discharged body of heater by the steam exhaust port of body of heater through exhaust system, and waste gas carries out that waste gas is carried out high temperature from exhaust system for 1300 ℃ through the use of tail gas after-treatment chamber to be handled again.
Other and embodiment 1 omit together.
Embodiment 4: this device not only can be handled the waste electronic wiring board, also can be applicable to waste battery, contains Polychlorinated biphenyls refuse, clinical waste, useless medicine, organic resin class refuse, containing metal carbonyls refuse, incinerator flying dust, contain non-ferrous metal, heavy metal, noble metal refuse such as catalyst, the asbestos refuse, radwaste, organic solvent, explosive refuse, multiple poisonous and harmful refuse such as chemical and biological weapons.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of processing method of poisonous waste, it is characterized in that: crucible is put in the body of heater and with electrode connected, cover bell, to give poisonous waste after the processing by feeder and put into crucible to body of heater, open plasma arc gas carrying object generator power, guarantee plasma arc gas carrying object generator air feed abundance, and then open plasma device power supply, striking, the material in plasma arcs article on plasma arc zone carries out pyrolysis, fusion, pyrolysis, temperature during fusion is 1300 ℃-3000 ℃, metal and nonmetal inorganic matter fusion and layering form metal bath and glass melt, open vitreum discharging heat pump and metal concentrate melt heat pump power supply, metal bath flows out body of heater through metal concentrate melt heat pump, and heating-up temperature is 1300 ℃-1500 ℃; Glass melt flows out body of heater through vitreum discharging heat pump, and heating-up temperature is 1250 ℃-1500 ℃; The waste gas that produces when pyrolysis, fusion is discharged body of heater by the steam exhaust port of body of heater through exhaust system, and waste gas carries out high exhaust temperatures through tail gas after-treatment chamber from exhaust system under 1250 ℃ of-1350 ℃ of conditions handles again; Tail gas alkali lye spray chamber uses normal temperature alkali lye that the high-temp waste gas through high-temperature process is carried out chilling; Particle dirt pocket eliminating particle dust, absorption poisonous and harmful substance in charcoal absorption chamber is discharged body of heater to sky again under the effect of air-introduced machine and chimney, form the negative pressure state of body of heater simultaneously.
2, a kind of isolated plant of realizing handling the poisonous waste method, this device includes plasma device, hollow graphite electrode and body of heater, hollow graphite electrode is positioned at the central part of body of heater, have in the bottom of body of heater and corresponding second electrode of hollow graphite electrode and the graphite extraction pole that links to each other with second electrode, it is characterized in that: the plasma device of this device, main graphite electrode and auxiliary graphite electrode are connected on the bell of body of heater, carrying object gas feeder is connected with main graphite electrode, feeder is positioned at the upside of body of heater, vitreum discharging heat pump is positioned at the opposite side of body of heater, metal concentrate melt heat pump is positioned at the bottom of body of heater, crucible is positioned at body of heater, bottom electrode is positioned at the bottom of body of heater, be connected with crucible, liquid level sensor is positioned at the outside of crucible, and be connected with sensor controller, exhaust emissions system and body of heater link together.
3, the isolated plant of processing poisonous waste according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: main graphite electrode is top electrode and top electrode drag device, there is aperture at the center of top electrode, and being positioned at the center of body of heater, the upper end of top electrode is connected on the top electrode drag device by electrode holde; Bottom electrode is a graphite crucible, and the exit of bottom electrode is positioned at the lower end of body of heater, and the bottom electrode exit is a 3--4 electrode tie point, be distributed on body of heater around, graphite crucible is connected with the bottom electrode exit; Auxiliary graphite electrode has auxiliary electrode and auxiliary electrode drag device, and is positioned at a side of top electrode, and auxiliary graphite electrode is connected on the auxiliary electrode drag device by electrode holde, and top electrode drag device and auxiliary electrode drag device all are connected on the body of heater.
4, the isolated plant of processing poisonous waste according to claim 2 is characterized in that: carrying object gas feeder is single inert gas Ar
2, N
2Or mixture gas generating device, perhaps bottled inert gas Ar
2, N
2Or mist; Carrying object gas feeder is connected the upper end of top electrode, by the aperture at top electrode center, inert gas is sent into plasma arc zone in the stove.
5, the isolated plant of processing poisonous waste according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: body of heater is totally-enclosed cracking, fusion discarded object body of heater, body of heater has bell, shaft and furnace bottom, bell and furnace bottom be connected shaft on, following two ends, there is sealable main graphite electrode to send into the hole at the bell top, the video peep hole, auxiliary graphite electrode is sent into hole and standby hole, being connected with feeder on the shaft is the discarded object feeding unit, the shaft side is connected with vitreum discharging heat pump, have bottom electrode to draw stomidium in the lower end of shaft, furnace bottom is connected with many metal concentrates heat pump; It is furnace lining that there are multiple layer refractory, insulation material in furnace body wall inside, and all parts that are connected with body of heater all adopt and are tightly connected; Bell is connected with hermetically-sealed construction with shaft and connects.
6, the isolated plant of processing poisonous waste according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: vitreum discharging heat pump has vitreum discharge chamber, the glass precursor solution delivery pipe is arranged in vitreum discharge chamber, outside the glass precursor solution delivery pipe, resistance heating body has been installed; Metal concentrate melt heat pump has metal discharge chamber, in metal discharge chamber, actuating coil is arranged, actuating coil is hollow cryogenic liquid cooling flat copper coil, actuating coil is connected with high frequency electric source, at the actuating coil center molten metal delivery pipe is arranged, the molten metal delivery pipe adopts graphite to make, and at the center of molten metal delivery pipe aperture is arranged, and aperture is the molten metal outlet or the crystallization mouth of heat pump.
7, the isolated plant of processing poisonous waste according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the exhaust emissions system is made up of tail gas after-treatment chamber, alkali lye spray chamber, particle dirt pocket, charcoal absorption chamber, air-introduced machine and chimney, tail gas after-treatment chamber, alkali lye spray chamber, particle dirt pocket, charcoal absorption chamber, air-introduced machine and chimney are linked in sequence, the indoor heater that is connected with of tail gas after-treatment; Tail gas alkali lye spray chamber has spray thrower, and the liquid of ejection is single alkali lye or mixed alkali liquor; The particle dirt pocket has cyclone dust collectors; There is sandwich construction the charcoal absorption chamber, one deck cavity, and layer of active carbon, active carbon is viscose-based active carbon carbon fiber (ACF).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2007100233389A CN101088581B (en) | 2007-08-20 | 2007-08-20 | Poisonous waste treating method and special apparatus |
| AU2008201705A AU2008201705B2 (en) | 2007-08-20 | 2008-04-17 | The processing method of hazardous waste matters and its dedicated device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2007100233389A CN101088581B (en) | 2007-08-20 | 2007-08-20 | Poisonous waste treating method and special apparatus |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101088581A true CN101088581A (en) | 2007-12-19 |
| CN101088581B CN101088581B (en) | 2011-08-10 |
Family
ID=38942181
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2007100233389A Expired - Fee Related CN101088581B (en) | 2007-08-20 | 2007-08-20 | Poisonous waste treating method and special apparatus |
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| CN (1) | CN101088581B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2008201705B2 (en) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2008201705A1 (en) | 2009-03-12 |
| CN101088581B (en) | 2011-08-10 |
| AU2008201705B2 (en) | 2012-10-11 |
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