CN108224433A - The innoxious use processing system and processing method of a kind of electronic waste - Google Patents
The innoxious use processing system and processing method of a kind of electronic waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN108224433A CN108224433A CN201810259325.XA CN201810259325A CN108224433A CN 108224433 A CN108224433 A CN 108224433A CN 201810259325 A CN201810259325 A CN 201810259325A CN 108224433 A CN108224433 A CN 108224433A
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- Prior art keywords
- waste
- stove
- slag
- flue gas
- useless
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/033—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment comminuting or crushing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/82—Recycling of waste of electrical or electronic equipment [WEEE]
Abstract
The present invention discloses the innoxious use processing system and processing method of a kind of electronic waste, the system includes stock preparation system, pyrolysis system, casting machine, oxygen system, flue gas purification system, stock preparation system is crushed including disassembling apparatus, waste storage library, weighing device, transmission device, physics, waste storage library storage waste printed circuit board, waste liquid crystal screen, the pyrolysis system include Kaldo converter, feeder；Processing method：1）It collects waste printed circuit board, waste liquid crystal screen, copper scap, scrap iron and is stored respectively；2）Weighing and burden of stocking up mixes, and crushes, and is sent into feeder；3）Charging；4）Reduction melting；5）Incline slag；6）Blowing；7）It skims ingot casting；8）It comes out of the stove and alloy plate casting.Advantageous effect is：Melting, reduction and refining can be completed all in same smelting furnace, without additional smelting furnace；The stackable inert slag of output；D) can be completely closed, meet environmental requirement.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electronic waste recycling fields, are related to waste electric appliance product and disassemble and disassemble product（Including useless
Printed circuit board, waste liquid crystal screen, copper scap, scrap iron etc.）Innoxious use processing.
Background technology
Developed country takes much count of recycling common metal from PCB and rare precious metal, the technological means taken are generally divided into
Two major class：Physical and chemical method.Physical is mainly used for the recycling of common metal (such as aluminium, copper), as the U.S. utilizes strength rotation
Classification machine recycles aluminium from the PCB of PC；Using the method for broken, screening, electric separation and magnetic separation from waste printed circuit board
The middle separation for realizing gold, silver and iron, aluminium, zinc and tin；Sweden recycles copper using motorized pulleys electrostatic separator.Chemical method has wet method
Metallurgical and electrochemical process is mainly used for purifying noble metal such as gold, ruthenium.As Boliden companies of Sweden and Canada Noranda are public
The recycling to the electron wastes containing noble metal is taken charge of, recovery process is as follows：1) it melts；2) it converts；3) anode casting；4) it is electrolysed
Copper；5) refining of noble metal；6) recycling of tin-lead.The advantages of Physical is that the pollution to environment is very small, is conducive to adapt to each
Item laws and regulations, the drawback is that the rate of recovery is not high, the metal close to physical property can not detach；And the advantages of chemical method
It is that the rate of recovery is very high, advantageously ensures that the recycling income of enterprise, but its shortcoming is also clearly, is exactly the liquid in removal process
Waste residue after body, gas and recycling is more serious to the pollution of environment.Foreign countries recycling connection metal development, have following a few sides
Face：1) more physical properties are used to the separation that different metal is carried out in Physical；2) rate of recovery of Physical is improved；3) subtract
The pollution problem of few chemical method；4) Physical and chemical method are combined, reaches the dual mesh of environmental protection and the utilization of resources
's.While metal is recycled, foreign countries are investigated to nonmetallic recovery technology, are studied and have been developed intelligent disassembling technology.
One of application is that the semi-automatic of printed circuit board is disassembled：Manually printed circuit board is set from the electric and electronic of recycling
It is standby above to dismantle, on the frame fixed to automatic device for disassembling.Equipment is electric by printing to be recycled by visual identifying system
Data is compared to determine which element can recycle or toxic needs are disassembled from circuit board in road plate and database
Get off.These also by the position, size and the center that determine chosen element and are supplied to next tear open by the system simultaneously
Solve process.Next chosen element will be detached with substrate by way of laser or infrared heating melting welding and use dedicated machine
Tool pincers are taken off.Printed circuit board after treatment is broken down into recycling element, needs the poisonous and harmful of specially treated
Element and non-hazardous circuit board.It is handling in this way the result is that ensure recycle benefit on the basis of reached ring to the greatest extent
Guaranteed request.It is external also to have developed semi-automatic mobile phone detaching equipment in the case where facing the pressure that a large amount of mobile phones eliminate.It is therein semi-automatic
Step is still that initially waste mobile phone is attached in equipment.Then it after the screening of visual identifying system, carries out full automatic
It disassembles.Its final purpose is to be formed to recycle other portions according to material on the basis of to printed circuit board and display screen minimal damage
Point.Product after disassembling includes：Battery, parts of plastics (such as front and rear covers), rubber, metal, printed circuit board and liquid crystal display
Screen.Entire process of disassembling is destructive and non-destructive disassembling technology perfect adaptation, wherein the technology used includes：Grind, cut,
The melting welding separation of component and the component processing based on vacuum suction.The development of external intelligence disassembling technology, is mechanical automation skill
Art, Visual identification technology electronic scrap material recycling field successful application, be from now on recycling field development new direction.Its
Advantage is the automation of identification division, it is ensured that recycles the consistency of standard, the in addition increase of the degree of automation can be back
It receives enterprise and saves a part of labour's investment.But the development in this current field also has very big room for promotion, is at its first
Also there are a large amount of manual steps during reason, the efficiency of such words equipment operation will also be limited by operating personnel's efficiency
System；The adaptability of its secondary device is not high, and the printed circuit board of specific dimensions and mobile phone etc. can only be handled, such machine
Also there are certain limitations for process range.
The existing electronic scrap material recycling disposal technology in China falls behind relatively.Recycling disposal approach can substantially be divided into two
Kind：" recycling " and " resources circulation ".So-called " recycling " is exactly some electronics member still workable in removal process
Device is dismantled from related electronic product, is sold as second-hand component, for repairing, assembled electronic product of poor quality or use
In the production of the low-grade goods such as toy.Although very high from recycling disposal efficiency as resource reutilization angle, due to correlation
Law and policy are not yet sound, and safety issue, the product quality there is the electronic product of such as second-hand component assembling are asked
It inscribes and upsets normal business order, cause the problems such as vicious circle.Second of approach " resources circulation " be exactly by disassemble,
The modes such as classification recycle part valuable material therein, reach and utilize natural resources and enviroment capacity according to ecological rule,
" circular economy " pattern that the comprehensive utilization of clean manufacturing and waste combines together.This approach is China Non-Ferrous Metals Industry
The inevitable choice of development is the key that solve the wasting of resources and problem of environmental pollution caused by electron wastes.It is but domestic at present
Most of regeneration enterprise there are eager for instant success and quick profits phenomenon and technology, equipments to fall behind phenomenon, seldom consider or be difficult to consider to locate
Bioxin secondary pollution problem caused by during putting.At present, the resources circulation technology of China's electronic scrap material is divided into two classes：
First, the physical technique based on physical method.By waste and old cable, conducting wire and part component etc. by mechanical crushing, isolate
Partial organic substances dust detaches subsequently into water logging, obtains more coarse grained metal powder.Then it is metal powder melting is blocking, electric
Solution detaches various metals.Second is that the chemical technology based on chemically.By the electron wastes such as circuit board, contact and hydrochloric acid,
Nitric acid, sulfuric acid or their mixture, cyanide solution etc. are reacted, and various precious metals is made to enter solution, by also
Former or electrolysis mode recycling metal.Insoluble matter then as solid waste, is handled using modes such as burial, burnings.It is domestic
The technology for handling electronic scrap material relatively falls behind, and many treatment technologies are all for the purpose of recycling raw material, recycle benefit
All there is the problem of very big with environmental pollution aspect.And operationally, substantially based on manual operations, organic efficiency is difficult to protect
Card, the health of operator is also by very big threat, and in terms of this respect, the development space of domestic recovery technology is very big, particularly
Solve the problems, such as recovery processing Zhong bioxin secondary pollutions.Mainly composition is shown in Table 1, table 2 for circuit board, copper scap etc..
Invention content
The present invention proposes a kind of innoxious use processing system of electronic waste, simultaneously to solve problem of the prior art
It is proposed a kind of innoxious use processing method of electronic waste.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of innoxious use processing system of electronic waste, the electronic waste packet
Include the waste printed circuit that useless television set, waste refrigerator, waste washing machine, useless air-conditioning, waste computer, waste mobile phone, useless MP3 are disassembled
Plate, waste liquid crystal screen, copper scap, scrap iron, the system include stock preparation system, pyrolysis system, casting machine, oxygen system, gas cleaning
System, stock preparation system include disassembling apparatus, waste storage library, weighing device, transmission device, physics breaker, the pyrolysis
System includes Kaldo converter, feeder；Disassembling apparatus is by useless television set, waste refrigerator, waste washing machine, useless air-conditioning, useless
Computer, waste mobile phone, useless MP3 are disassembled, and waste printed circuit board, waste liquid crystal screen, copper scap, the scrap iron disassembled are sent into waste storage
Library is stored, and communicated device is delivered to and weighs respectively for the waste printed circuit board in waste storage library, waste liquid crystal screen, copper scap, scrap iron
Device is weighed, and physics breaker is imported after weighing and is crushed, the communicated device of broken material is sent to feeder, the object of feeder
Material enters Kaldo converter and is pyrolyzed, and is pyrolyzed the flue gas of generation qualified discharge, oxygen after flue gas purification system processing
Gas, which tiltedly blows the molten metal that rotary converter comes out and enters casting machine, is cast into alloy sheets, and oxygen system is Kaldo converter confession
Oxygen.
Preferably：The flue gas purification system includes cyclone type flash cold column, venturi dynamic wave absorption tower, emergent absorption
Tower, deentrainment tower, bioxin absorption tower, activated carbon adsorber, activated carbon spray tower, electric mist gas wash tower, exhaust tube, air-introduced machine, oxygen
The flue gas that gas tiltedly blows rotary converter discharge sequentially enters cyclone type flash cold column, venturi dynamic wave absorption tower, deentrainment tower, bioxin
Absorption tower, activated carbon adsorber, activated carbon spray tower, electric mist gas wash tower, at least one air-introduced machine are mounted on flow of flue gas route,
The wind pressure of flow of flue gas is provided for flue gas purification system, exhaust tube finally discharges exhaust gas up to standard, and main road event is in absorption tower of meeting an urgent need
Emergency use flue gas absorbing device during barrier.
It is further：The charge door of the Kaldo converter is equipped with exhaust fume collecting hood, and exhaust fume collecting hood is lined with anticorrosion
Refractory material, there are gaps between exhaust fume collecting hood and charge door；Entire Kaldo converter is all covered by environmentally friendly petticoat pipe, environmental protection
The flue dust spread in petticoat pipe pumps to flue gas purification system by wind turbine and handles.
Oxygen system provides the oxygen for meeting Kaldo converter requirement, including air blower, vacuum pump, electricity
Machine, oxygen supercharger, adsorption tower, surge tank, oxygen equilibrium tank, each component part erection sequence, anabolic action are conventional oxygen
The structure at gas station, details are not described herein.Disassembling apparatus also with existing disassembling technology and equipment.
A kind of innoxious use processing method of electronic waste, electronic waste include waste printed circuit board, waste liquid crystal screen,
Step is：1）To discarded electric appliance and electronics such as useless television set, waste refrigerator, waste washing machine, useless air-conditioning, waste computer, waste mobile phone, useless MP3
Product is disassembled（It disassembles technique and relies on existing mature technology）, it is the waste printed circuit board disassembled, waste liquid crystal screen, useless miscellaneous
Copper, scrap iron are classified storage respectively；
2）Stock
According to mass ratio by waste printed circuit board, waste liquid crystal screen, copper scap, scrap iron by pressing（55-57）:（3.5-4.5）:(34-
36):The ratio weighing and burden mixing of (4.5-5.5), using broken, broken obtained particle feeding Kaldo converter
In mating feeder；
3）Charging
Before a production cycle starts, 950-1050 DEG C is first preheating in Kaldo converter stove, revolves oxygen inclined blown
Moisture evaporation in inner lining of furnace of walking around is come out of the stove in vitro side by side, reach start to add in Kaldo converter after preheating temperature it is above-mentioned
Particle, the Kaldo converter after charging are rotated to working position, are inserted into, are started burning spray gun heat temperature raising and be evaporated object
Expect moisture, continuous charging operation is carried out after signal shows that in-furnace temperature reaches 850~900 DEG C；
4）Reduction melting
After the completion of charging, when in-furnace temperature reaches 850~900 DEG C, furnace body rotating speed is transferred to 10-15r/min, improves spray gun fuel oil
Amount, makes in-furnace temperature rise to 1100-1200 DEG C of operating temperature, and slag making behaviour is carried out when material all switchs to melt liquid in stove
Make；
5）Incline slag
Room operating personnel close, withdraw from burning spray gun, and Kaldo converter to deslagging chute side is turned to and is tilted, is verted
Fire door is downward, and the good shoddye layer of metal bath surface mobility in stove is poured into deslagging chute, when pouring out, operating personnel to control
The outdoor extraction slag specimen product of system, to measure metal in the dreg content's index and to calculate metal balance, after smelting slag is poured out, from metal
Sample is taken out in phase；
6）Blowing
Melting operation terminates, and extracts alloy and g of slag sample carries out assay, calculates to determine slag former by metallurgy（Lime
Stone, scrap iron）Addition；Burning spray gun is reinserted, burning spray gun is heated to 1000-1200 DEG C, is inserted into blowing spray gun, spray
Distance 14-16 ㎝ between mouth and bath surface, entire converting process will keep this spacing, start blowing wind button, oxygen
Nozzle is left with supersonic speed and blows to melt, carries out blowing operation；
7）It skims ingot casting
Blowing operation terminates, and using artificial mode of skimming, is removed the slag blanket of bath surface totally using Slag Tool；It carries in time
Aluminium alloy sample is taken to be cast into sample ingot, quick assay is sent to after water cooling, result of laboratory test was returned in internal feedback in 15 minutes, was such as chemically examined
As a result after reaching requirement index, then it represents that reach operation terminal, alloy melt has the condition of tapping casting in stove；Smelting slag
Using natural cooling, sold outside obtained dry slag；
8）It comes out of the stove and alloy plate casting：When Kaldo converter is come out of the stove, the fire door that fascinates is downward, and alloy melt in stove is poured into
Pour chute；Toward bath surface layer of plant ash, to reduce melt oxygen content；The melt for pouring chute flows to casting machine and pours
Injection forming；
Material adds thermogenetic exhaust gas to enter flue gas purification system in stove, the mode that flue gas purification system uses for oxygen-enriched combusting+
Spray column dedusting cooling++ bioxin absorption plant of venturi dynamic wave absorption tower+electricity mist dedusting+activated carbon adsorption is quenched, finally
It is discharged by exhaust tube；Contain metal oxide in the flue dust of retention, control potential reduction is carried out to metal oxide, obtains gold
Belong to.
What the present invention had has the technical effect that：A) melting, reduction and refining can be completed all in same smelting furnace, without outer
Add smelting furnace；
B) high-grade copper scap can be not only handled, but also low-grade copper scap can be handled.And handle low-grade copper scap economic benefit more
It is good；
C) the stackable inert slag of output, tenor is very low, and general Copper in Slag is less than 0.5%；
D) Kaldo converter is compact-sized, can be completely closed, thus it is scattered to prevent emission from overflowing, and can meet most stringent of
Environmental requirement；
E) with good investment, good in economic efficiency, plant layout is changeable.
During the copper-bearing waste material of present invention processing chlorinated organics, smelting process generates bioxin harmful substance and mostlys come from
Organic matter decomposes in circuit board.House refuse ingredient is more complicated than board composition, and content of organics is higher than organic matter in circuit board
Component（About 2 times）, Refuse Incineration Process is more prone to dioxins materials.Zhong bioxin of the present invention is with reference to consumer waste incineration
Generate concentration maxima 10ng-TEQ/Nm3It calculates, it is 0.01ug-TEQ/h that Ze bioxin, which generates rate, using dual measure pair
Bioxin is controlled, i.e. quenching cooling and flue dust washing.Bioxin removal rate is a concentration of for 99.8%, Ze dioxin emissions
0.2ng-TEQ/Nm3, rate of discharge is 2.0 × 10-9kg/h.To further prevent hazardous accidents, absorption tower conduct of meeting an urgent need
Emergency measure prevents bioxin dump.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow chart of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the main body component part schematic diagram of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Since this system is pipeline system, each intermodule be entirely not it is physical be directly connected to, for convenience clearly retouch
The correlation between each section composition is stated, is mainly illustrated below by the circulation of material sequence.
A kind of innoxious use processing system of electronic waste, electronic waste include useless television set, waste refrigerator, useless laundry
Waste printed circuit board, waste liquid crystal screen, copper scap, the scrap iron that machine, useless air-conditioning, waste computer, waste mobile phone, useless MP3 are disassembled,
The system includes stock preparation system, pyrolysis system, casting machine, oxygen system, flue gas purification system, and stock preparation system includes disassembling dress
Put, waste storage library, weighing device, transmission device, physics breaker, the pyrolysis system include oxygen inclined blown rotating turn
Stove, feeder；Disassembling apparatus disassembles useless television set, waste refrigerator, waste washing machine, useless air-conditioning, waste computer, waste mobile phone, useless MP3,
Waste printed circuit board, waste liquid crystal screen, copper scap, the scrap iron disassembled are sent into the storage of waste storage library, and waste storage library is given up
Communicated device is delivered to weighing device and weighs respectively for printed circuit board, waste liquid crystal screen, copper scap, scrap iron, and object is imported after weighing
Reason breaker crushes（Physics breaker has charge door, the addition shoveled by artificial one or pours into loading hopper and enters back into
In breaker or combination belt type weighing machine will be expected after having claimed by Belt Conveying to breaker）, broken material warp
Transmission device is sent to feeder, and the material of feeder enters Kaldo converter pyrolysis, is pyrolyzed described in the flue gas warp of generation
Qualified discharge after flue gas purification system processing, the molten metal that Kaldo converter comes out enter casting machine and are cast into alloy
Plate, oxygen system are supplied oxygen for Kaldo converter.Hammer mill may be used in physics breaker or oar blade type crushes
Machine or other type crushers.
The flue gas purification system includes cyclone type flash cold column, venturi dynamic wave absorption tower, emergent absorption tower, demisting
Tower, bioxin absorption tower, activated carbon adsorber, activated carbon spray tower, electric mist gas wash tower, exhaust tube, air-introduced machine, oxygen inclined blown rotation
The flue gas that fire grate of walking around goes out sequentially enter cyclone type flash cold column, venturi dynamic wave absorption tower, deentrainment tower, bioxin absorption tower,
Activated carbon adsorber, activated carbon spray tower, electric mist gas wash tower, at least one air-introduced machine are flue gas on flow of flue gas route
Cleaning system provides the wind pressure of flow of flue gas, and exhaust tube finally discharges exhaust gas up to standard, when absorption tower of meeting an urgent need is main road failure
Emergency use flue gas absorbing device.
Further, the charge door of the Kaldo converter is equipped with exhaust fume collecting hood, and exhaust fume collecting hood is lined with etch-proof
Refractory material, there are gaps between exhaust fume collecting hood and charge door；Entire Kaldo converter is all covered by environmentally friendly petticoat pipe（Environment protecting cigarette
Cover internal capacity need to be enough big, not delay the operations such as the rotation of converter, also it is necessary to the door for material disengaging）, in environmentally friendly petticoat pipe
The flue dust of distribution pumps to flue gas purification system by wind turbine and handles.
Oxygen system provides the oxygen for meeting Kaldo converter requirement, including air blower, vacuum pump, electricity
Machine, oxygen supercharger, adsorption tower, surge tank, oxygen equilibrium tank, each component part erection sequence, anabolic action are conventional oxygen
The structure at gas station, details are not described herein.
Processing method embodiment 1：A kind of innoxious use processing method of electronic waste, electronic waste include useless printing electricity
Road plate, waste liquid crystal screen, copper scap, scrap iron, step are：1）By useless television set, waste refrigerator, waste washing machine, useless air-conditioning, useless electricity
Brain, waste mobile phone, useless MP3 are disassembled, and waste printed circuit board, waste liquid crystal screen, copper scap, the scrap iron disassembled are classified storage respectively
It deposits；
2）Stock
Waste printed circuit board, waste liquid crystal screen, copper scap, scrap iron are pressed by 56 according to mass ratio:4:35:5 ratio weighing and burden
Mixing, using broken, the mating feeder of broken obtained particle feeding Kaldo converter（Ship type can be used to feed
Device）In；
3）Charging
Before a production cycle starts, 950-1050 DEG C is first preheating in Kaldo converter stove, liner is interior at this time
Portion's temperature, which should reach 1100-1200 DEG C and the back side of work liner tile, should be more than 200 DEG C, and temperature-rise period is uniform, stablizes, with
Exempt from furnace lining to burst due to temperature jump, moisture evaporation in Kaldo converter liner is made to come out of the stove side by side in vitro.Reach pre-
Feeder is begun through after hot temperature and adds in above-mentioned particle, the Kaldo converter after charging to Kaldo converter
It rotates to working position（28 degree of inclination angles）, it is inserted into, starts burning spray gun heat temperature raising and be evaporated material moisture, when signal shows stove
Interior temperature reaches 850~900 DEG C（Melt temperature）Continuous charging operation is carried out afterwards；
4）Reduction melting
After the completion of charging, when in-furnace temperature reaches 850~900 DEG C, furnace body rotating speed is transferred to 10r/min, improves spray gun amount of fuel,
In-furnace temperature is made to rise to 1100-1200 DEG C of operating temperature, slag making operation is carried out when material all switchs to melt liquid in stove；
5）Incline slag
Room operating personnel close, withdraw from burning spray gun, and Kaldo converter to deslagging chute side is turned to and is tilted, is verted
Fire door is downward, and the good shoddye layer of metal bath surface mobility in stove is poured into deslagging chute, when pouring out, operating personnel to control
The outdoor extraction slag specimen product of system, to measure metal in the dreg content's index and to calculate metal balance, after smelting slag is poured out, from metal
Sample is taken out in phase；
6）Blowing
Melting operation terminates, and extracts alloy and g of slag sample carries out assay, calculates to determine slag former by metallurgy（Lime
Stone, scrap iron）Addition；Reinsert burning spray gun, burning spray gun is heated to 1100 DEG C, is inserted into blowing spray gun, nozzle with
About 15 ㎝ of distance between bath surface, entire converting process will keep this spacing, start blowing wind button, oxygen is with Supersonic
Speed leaves nozzle and blows to melt, carries out blowing operation；
7）It skims ingot casting
Blowing operation terminates, and using artificial mode of skimming, is removed the slag blanket of bath surface totally using Slag Tool；It carries in time
Aluminium alloy sample is taken to be cast into sample ingot, quick assay is sent to after water cooling, result of laboratory test was returned in internal feedback in 15 minutes, was such as chemically examined
As a result after reaching requirement index, then it represents that reach operation terminal, alloy melt has the condition of tapping casting in stove；Smelting slag
Using natural cooling, sold outside obtained dry slag；
8）It comes out of the stove and alloy plate casting：When Kaldo converter is come out of the stove, the fire door that fascinates is downward, and alloy melt in stove is poured into
Pour chute；Toward bath surface layer of plant ash, to reduce melt oxygen content；The melt for pouring chute flows to casting machine and pours
Injection forming；Casting machine uses straight line casting machine.When inclining to melt, speed will be mainly to try to avoid having penetrated into stove soon as far as possible
Impurity in lining is washed spilling, influences alloy mass into melt.
Material adds thermogenetic exhaust gas to enter flue gas purification system in stove, and the mode that flue gas purification system uses is oxygen-enriched combustion
Burning+quenching spray column or cyclone type flash cold column dedusting cooling+venturi dynamic wave absorption tower++ bioxin of electricity mist dedusting absorb dress
+ activated carbon adsorption/injection is put, is discharged finally by exhaust tube；Contain metal oxide in the flue dust of retention, to metal oxide
Control potential reduction is carried out, obtains metal.
The ingredient and content for the main production produced are as follows：
（1）The dry slag of product it is main fully and content be：SiO257%, Fe25%, Ca12%;
（2）The main component and content of alloy sheets be：Cu92%, Au356g/t, Ag1200g/t；
Metal recovery rate after production is：98%；The control range for being discharged into the Qi Ti bioxin of air is 0.2ng-TEQ/
Nm3。
Processing method embodiment 2：A kind of innoxious use processing method of electronic waste, electronic waste include useless printing electricity
Road plate, waste liquid crystal screen, copper scap, scrap iron, step are：1）By useless television set, waste refrigerator, waste washing machine, useless air-conditioning, useless electricity
Brain, waste mobile phone, useless MP3 are disassembled, and waste printed circuit board, waste liquid crystal screen, copper scap, the scrap iron disassembled are classified storage respectively
It deposits；
2）Stock
Waste printed circuit board, waste liquid crystal screen, copper scap, scrap iron are pressed by 55 according to mass ratio:3.5:34:4.5 ratio is weighed
Dispensing mixes, using broken, the mating feeder of broken obtained particle feeding Kaldo converter（Ship type can be used
Feeder）In；
3）Charging
Before a production cycle starts, 950-1050 DEG C is first preheating in Kaldo converter stove, liner is interior at this time
Portion's temperature, which should reach 1100-1200 DEG C and the back side of work liner tile, should be more than 200 DEG C, and temperature-rise period is uniform, stablizes, with
Exempt from furnace lining to burst due to temperature jump, moisture evaporation in Kaldo converter liner is made to come out of the stove side by side in vitro.Reach pre-
Feeder is begun through after hot temperature and adds in above-mentioned particle, the Kaldo converter after charging to Kaldo converter
It rotates to working position（28 degree of inclination angles）, it is inserted into, starts burning spray gun heat temperature raising and be evaporated material moisture, when signal shows stove
Interior temperature reaches 850~900 DEG C（Melt temperature）Continuous charging operation is carried out afterwards；
4）Reduction melting
After the completion of charging, when in-furnace temperature reaches 850~900 DEG C, furnace body rotating speed is transferred to 12r/min, improves spray gun amount of fuel,
In-furnace temperature is made to rise to 1100-1200 DEG C of operating temperature, slag making operation is carried out when material all switchs to melt liquid in stove；
5）Incline slag
Room operating personnel close, withdraw from burning spray gun, and Kaldo converter to deslagging chute side is turned to and is tilted, is verted
Fire door is downward, and the good shoddye layer of metal bath surface mobility in stove is poured into deslagging chute, when pouring out, operating personnel to control
The outdoor extraction slag specimen product of system, to measure metal in the dreg content's index and to calculate metal balance, after smelting slag is poured out, from metal
Sample is taken out in phase；
6）Blowing
Melting operation terminates, and extracts alloy and g of slag sample carries out assay, calculates to determine slag former by metallurgy（Lime
Stone, scrap iron）Addition；Reinsert burning spray gun, burning spray gun is heated to 1000 DEG C, is inserted into blowing spray gun, nozzle with
About 14 ㎝ of distance between bath surface, entire converting process will keep this spacing, start blowing wind button, oxygen is with Supersonic
Speed leaves nozzle and blows to melt, carries out blowing operation；
7）It skims ingot casting
Blowing operation terminates, and using artificial mode of skimming, is removed the slag blanket of bath surface totally using Slag Tool；It carries in time
Aluminium alloy sample is taken to be cast into sample ingot, quick assay is sent to after water cooling, result of laboratory test was returned in internal feedback in 15 minutes, was such as chemically examined
As a result after reaching requirement index, then it represents that reach operation terminal, alloy melt has the condition of tapping casting in stove；Smelting slag
Using natural cooling, sold outside obtained dry slag；
8）It comes out of the stove and alloy plate casting：When Kaldo converter is come out of the stove, the fire door that fascinates is downward, and alloy melt in stove is poured into
Pour chute；Toward bath surface layer of plant ash, to reduce melt oxygen content；The melt for pouring chute flows to casting machine and pours
Injection forming；Casting machine uses straight line casting machine.When inclining to melt, speed will be mainly to try to avoid having penetrated into stove soon as far as possible
Impurity in lining is washed spilling, influences alloy mass into melt.
Material adds thermogenetic exhaust gas to enter flue gas purification system in stove, and the mode that flue gas purification system uses is oxygen-enriched combustion
Burning+quenching spray column or cyclone type flash cold column dedusting cooling+venturi dynamic wave absorption tower++ bioxin of electricity mist dedusting absorb dress
+ activated carbon adsorption/injection is put, is discharged finally by exhaust tube；Contain metal oxide in the flue dust of retention, to metal oxide
Control potential reduction is carried out, obtains metal.
The ingredient and content for the main production produced are as follows：
（1）The dry slag of product it is main fully and content be：SiO256%, Fe26%, Ca13%
（2）The main component and content of alloy sheets be：Cu91%, Au350g/t, Ag1185g/t
Metal recovery rate after production is：98%；The control range for being discharged into the Qi Ti bioxin of air is 0.2ng-TEQ/
Nm3。
Processing method embodiment 3：A kind of innoxious use processing method of electronic waste, electronic waste include useless printing electricity
Road plate, waste liquid crystal screen, copper scap, scrap iron, step are：1）By useless television set, waste refrigerator, waste washing machine, useless air-conditioning, useless electricity
Brain, waste mobile phone, useless MP3 are disassembled, and waste printed circuit board, waste liquid crystal screen, copper scap, the scrap iron disassembled are classified storage respectively
It deposits
2）Stock
Waste printed circuit board, waste liquid crystal screen, copper scap, scrap iron are pressed by 57 according to mass ratio:4.5:36:5.5 ratio is weighed
Dispensing mixes, using broken, the mating feeder of broken obtained particle feeding Kaldo converter（Ship type can be used
Feeder）In；
3）Charging
Before a production cycle starts, 950-1050 DEG C is first preheating in Kaldo converter stove, liner is interior at this time
Portion's temperature, which should reach 1100-1200 DEG C and the back side of work liner tile, should be more than 200 DEG C, and temperature-rise period is uniform, stablizes, with
Exempt from furnace lining to burst due to temperature jump, moisture evaporation in Kaldo converter liner is made to come out of the stove side by side in vitro.Reach pre-
Feeder is begun through after hot temperature and adds in above-mentioned particle, the Kaldo converter after charging to Kaldo converter
It rotates to working position（28 degree of inclination angles）, it is inserted into, starts burning spray gun heat temperature raising and be evaporated material moisture, when signal shows stove
Interior temperature reaches 850~900 DEG C（Melt temperature）Continuous charging operation is carried out afterwards；
4）Reduction melting
After the completion of charging, when in-furnace temperature reaches 850~900 DEG C, furnace body rotating speed is transferred to 15r/min, improves spray gun amount of fuel,
In-furnace temperature is made to rise to 1100-1200 DEG C of operating temperature, slag making operation is carried out when material all switchs to melt liquid in stove；
5）Incline slag
Room operating personnel close, withdraw from burning spray gun, and Kaldo converter to deslagging chute side is turned to and is tilted, is verted
Fire door is downward, and the good shoddye layer of metal bath surface mobility in stove is poured into deslagging chute, when pouring out, operating personnel to control
The outdoor extraction slag specimen product of system, to measure metal in the dreg content's index and to calculate metal balance, after smelting slag is poured out, from metal
Sample is taken out in phase；
6）Blowing
Melting operation terminates, and extracts alloy and g of slag sample carries out assay, calculates to determine slag former by metallurgy（Lime
Stone, scrap iron）Addition；Reinsert burning spray gun, burning spray gun is heated to 1200 DEG C, is inserted into blowing spray gun, nozzle with
About 16 ㎝ of distance between bath surface, entire converting process will keep this spacing, start blowing wind button, oxygen is with Supersonic
Speed leaves nozzle and blows to melt, carries out blowing operation；
7）It skims ingot casting
Blowing operation terminates, and using artificial mode of skimming, is removed the slag blanket of bath surface totally using Slag Tool；It carries in time
Aluminium alloy sample is taken to be cast into sample ingot, quick assay is sent to after water cooling, result of laboratory test was returned in internal feedback in 15 minutes, was such as chemically examined
As a result after reaching requirement index, then it represents that reach operation terminal, alloy melt has the condition of tapping casting in stove；Smelting slag
Using natural cooling, sold outside obtained dry slag；
8）It comes out of the stove and alloy plate casting：When Kaldo converter is come out of the stove, the fire door that fascinates is downward, and alloy melt in stove is poured into
Pour chute；Toward bath surface layer of plant ash, to reduce melt oxygen content；The melt for pouring chute flows to casting machine and pours
Injection forming；Casting machine uses straight line casting machine.When inclining to melt, speed will be mainly to try to avoid having penetrated into stove soon as far as possible
Impurity in lining is washed spilling, influences alloy mass into melt.
Material adds thermogenetic exhaust gas to enter flue gas purification system in stove, and the mode that flue gas purification system uses is oxygen-enriched combustion
Burning+quenching spray column or cyclone type flash cold column dedusting cooling+venturi dynamic wave absorption tower++ bioxin of electricity mist dedusting absorb dress
+ activated carbon adsorption/injection is put, is discharged finally by exhaust tube；Contain metal oxide in the flue dust of retention, to metal oxide
Control potential reduction is carried out, obtains metal.
The ingredient and content for the main production produced are as follows：
（1）The dry slag of product it is main fully and content be：SiO258%, Fe24%, Ca12%
（2）The main component and content of alloy sheets be：Cu90%, Au348g/t, Ag1215g/t
Metal recovery rate after production is：98%；The control range for being discharged into the Qi Ti bioxin of air is 0.2ng-TEQ/
Nm3。
Claims (5)
1. a kind of innoxious use processing system of electronic waste, which includes useless television set, waste refrigerator, useless laundry
Waste printed circuit board, waste liquid crystal screen, copper scap, the scrap iron that machine, useless air-conditioning, waste computer, waste mobile phone, useless MP3 are disassembled,
It is characterized in that：The system includes stock preparation system, pyrolysis system, casting machine, oxygen system, flue gas purification system, stock preparation system packet
Disassembling apparatus, waste storage library, weighing device, transmission device, physics breaker are included, the pyrolysis system includes oxygen inclined blown
Rotary converter, feeder；Disassembling apparatus is by useless television set, waste refrigerator, waste washing machine, useless air-conditioning, waste computer, waste mobile phone, give up MP3
It disassembles, waste printed circuit board, waste liquid crystal screen, copper scap, the scrap iron disassembled are sent into the storage of waste storage library, waste storage library
Waste printed circuit board, waste liquid crystal screen, copper scap, communicated device is delivered to weighing device and weighs scrap iron respectively, led after weighing
Enter physics breaker to crush, the communicated device of broken material is sent to feeder, and the material of feeder enters oxygen inclined blown rotation
Stove of walking around is pyrolyzed, and is pyrolyzed the flue gas of generation qualified discharge, Kaldo converter after flue gas purification system processing and is gone out
The molten metal come enters casting machine and is cast into alloy sheets, and oxygen system is supplied oxygen for Kaldo converter.
2. a kind of innoxious use processing system of electronic waste according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：The flue gas is net
Change system includes cyclone type flash cold column, venturi dynamic wave absorption tower, emergent absorption tower, deentrainment tower, bioxin absorption tower, activity
Charcoal adsorption tower, activated carbon spray tower, electric mist gas wash tower, exhaust tube, air-introduced machine, the flue gas of Kaldo converter discharge is successively
Into cyclone type flash cold column, venturi dynamic wave absorption tower, deentrainment tower, bioxin absorption tower, activated carbon adsorber, activated carbon spray
Tower, electric mist gas wash tower are penetrated, at least one air-introduced machine provides flow of flue gas on flow of flue gas route for flue gas purification system
Wind pressure, exhaust tube finally discharge exhaust gas up to standard, emergency use flue gas absorbing device when absorption tower of meeting an urgent need is main road failure.
3. a kind of innoxious use processing system of electronic waste according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：The oxygen inclined
The charge door of rotary converter is blown equipped with exhaust fume collecting hood, and exhaust fume collecting hood is lined with etch-proof refractory material, is stayed between exhaust fume collecting hood and charge door
There is gap；Entire Kaldo converter is all covered by environmentally friendly petticoat pipe, and the flue dust spread in environmentally friendly petticoat pipe is pumped by wind turbine
To flue gas purification system processing.
4. a kind of innoxious use processing method of electronic waste, electronic waste includes waste printed circuit board, waste liquid crystal screen, useless miscellaneous
Copper, scrap iron, step are：1）Useless television set, waste refrigerator, waste washing machine, useless air-conditioning, waste computer, waste mobile phone, useless MP3 are carried out
It disassembles, waste printed circuit board, waste liquid crystal screen, copper scap, the scrap iron disassembled are classified storage respectively；
2）Stock
Waste printed circuit board, waste liquid crystal screen, copper scap, scrap iron are pressed according to mass ratio（55-57）:（3.5-4.5）:(34-36):
The ratio weighing and burden mixing of (4.5-5.5), using crushing, it is mating that broken material is sent into Kaldo converter
In feeder；
3）Charging
Before a production cycle starts, 950-1050 DEG C is first preheating in Kaldo converter stove, revolves oxygen inclined blown
Moisture evaporation in inner lining of furnace of walking around is come out of the stove in vitro side by side, reach start to add in Kaldo converter after preheating temperature it is above-mentioned
Particle, the Kaldo converter after charging are rotated to working position, are inserted into, are started burning spray gun heat temperature raising and be evaporated object
Expect moisture, continuous charging operation is carried out after signal shows that in-furnace temperature reaches 850~900 DEG C；
4）Reduction melting
After the completion of charging, when in-furnace temperature reaches 850~900 DEG C, furnace body rotating speed is transferred to 10-15r/min, improves spray gun fuel oil
Amount, makes in-furnace temperature rise to 1100-1200 DEG C of operating temperature, and slag making behaviour is carried out when material all switchs to melt liquid in stove
Make；
5）Incline slag
Room operating personnel close, withdraw from burning spray gun, and Kaldo converter to deslagging chute side is turned to and is tilted, is verted
Fire door is downward, and the good shoddye layer of metal bath surface mobility in stove is poured into deslagging chute, when pouring out, operating personnel to control
The outdoor extraction slag specimen product of system, to measure metal in the dreg content's index and to calculate metal balance, after smelting slag is poured out, from metal
Sample is taken out in phase；
6）Blowing
Melting operation terminates, and extracts alloy and g of slag sample carries out assay, calculates to determine slag former by metallurgy（Lime
Stone, scrap iron）Addition；Burning spray gun is reinserted, burning spray gun is heated to 1000-1200 DEG C, is inserted into blowing spray gun, spray
Distance 14-16 ㎝ between mouth and bath surface, entire converting process will keep this spacing, start blowing wind button, oxygen
Nozzle is left with supersonic speed and blows to melt, carries out blowing operation；
7）It skims ingot casting
Blowing operation terminates, and using artificial mode of skimming, is removed the slag blanket of bath surface totally using Slag Tool；It carries in time
Aluminium alloy sample is taken to be cast into sample ingot, quick assay is sent to after water cooling, result of laboratory test was returned in internal feedback in 15 minutes, was such as chemically examined
As a result after reaching requirement index, then it represents that reach operation terminal, alloy melt has the condition of tapping casting in stove；Smelting slag
Using natural cooling, sold outside obtained dry slag；
8）It comes out of the stove and alloy plate casting：When Kaldo converter is come out of the stove, the fire door that fascinates is downward, and alloy melt in stove is poured into
Pour chute；Toward bath surface layer of plant ash, to reduce melt oxygen content；The melt for pouring chute flows to casting machine and pours
Injection forming.
5. a kind of innoxious use processing method of electronic waste according to claim 4, it is characterized in that：Material adds in stove
Thermogenetic exhaust gas enters flue gas purification system, and the mode that flue gas purification system uses is oxygen-enriched combusting+quenching spray column dedusting
+ bioxin absorption plant of cooling+venturi dynamic wave absorption tower+electricity mist dedusting+activated carbon adsorption, is arranged finally by exhaust tube
It puts；Contain metal oxide in the flue dust of retention, control potential reduction is carried out to metal oxide, obtains metal.
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| CN109647161A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-04-19 | 株洲鼎端装备股份有限公司 | The processing system and processing method of flue gas after a kind of useless lithium battery particle charing |
| CN110184462A (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-08-30 | 水口山有色金属有限责任公司 | A kind of smelting process of electronic waste |
| CN113310053A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-08-27 | 湖南江冶机电科技股份有限公司 | External heating type rotary dry distillation process for waste circuit boards |
| DE102020208739A1 (en) | 2020-07-13 | 2022-01-13 | Sms Group Gmbh | Process for recovering metals from e-waste |
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