A kind of old circuit board waste gas treatment process and its device
Technical field
The present invention relates to waste and old circuit board recovery technology field, and in particular at a kind of old circuit board waste gas
Science and engineering skill and its device.
Background technology
Significant components of the waste and old printed circuit board as electron wastes, had on the one hand both contained lead, cadmium, had gathered
, there is potential environmental pollution in the various heavies such as vinyl chloride plastic, brominated flame retardant and harmful substance;
On the other hand again containing various common metals and rare precious metals such as copper, gold, silver, with higher recovery profit
With value.
With the enforcement of China's strategy of sustainable development, environmental conservation is put forward higher requirement, electronics
The recovery of rubbish becomes the thorny problem that majority state faces with utilizing.China has become household electrical appliance at present
Production and consumption big country, only update 2% and calculate to scrap in year, the annual 4 big class household electrical appliance eliminated
Just up to 20,000,000, add and popularize the update cycle for using in the whole society and there was only the computer of 2-4, handss
The high-tech electronic product such as machine, and the novel household appliance product of the super quality and competitive price for continuing to bring out so that China
The renewal of scrapping in actual year of household electrical appliance is up to more than 25,000,000.Printed circuit board (PCB) (PCB) is made
For the critical component in waste household appliances, which reclaims and resource problem becomes the focus for being badly in need of solving and asks
Topic.In addition, so far, Nei Diyou printed circuit board (PCB)s manufacturing enterprise of China 1000 or so, 2006
Year PCB in China yield is 129,640,000 m2, 12,800,000,000 dollars of annual value of production has become PCB
One big manufacturing country, a large amount of leftover pieces in production process, the recovery for scrapping plate also face great difficult problem.
Waste and old printed circuit board is the mixture of glass fiber reinforced plastics and various metals, the typical electricity of category
Sub- junk, a large amount of leftover bits that the waste and old circuit board for growing with each passing day is produced plus production circuit board, such as
Fruit is not dealt carefully with and disposes, and can not only cause a large amount of losses of useful resources, and environment can be produced
Serious harm.The method that tradition is stacked or filled, does not only take up a large amount of spaces, and a contained huge sum of money
Category such as hydrargyrum, chromium, cadmium etc. and macromolecule organic are difficult degraded under field conditions (factors), and harmful components can pass through
Water, air, soil enter environment, can to human health and ecological environment cause it is potential, long-term and
Expendable harm, lead contained therein are the second largest sources of lead in municipal waste." waste and old circuit
Plate " is not " waste ", but untapped " Secondary resource ", it is worth with very high recycling.
Metal content in circuit board equivalent to tens times of metal content in common mineral to hundreds of times, metal
Content is up to 40%, and most is copper, in addition with gold, aluminum, nickel, lead, silicon metal etc., wherein
It is no lack of rare metal;And rich ore tenor in nature super only 3%~5%.There is statistical data
Show, 1t useless circuit boards can extract the gold of 300g or so.Scolding tin and plastics on printed circuit board (PCB)
Deng material, it also can be the valuable source being recycled.Therefore, research and develop the useless electricity of harmless treatment
Road plate technique has become the key subjects in regenerated resources field.
Circuit board to scrapping implements effectively to process and resource is recycled, and can slow down to original significantly
The consumption in production-goods source, mitigates environmental pollution, to setting up resource-conserving and environment-friendly society, development
Recycling economy has positive effect and important meaning.
The main treatment technology of current waste and old circuit board:Pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, Physical.
Pyrometallurgy is extracted noble metal and has the features such as simple, the convenient and response rate is high, but due to existing
The harmful gass that Organic substance produce in burning process cause secondary pollution, other metal recovery rates it is low, process
The shortcomings of apparatus expensive;
Wet method control technology for gold be more common, from Waste ammunition extract noble metal technology, wet method
The characteristics of controlling the ultimate principle of technology for gold and mainly use noble metal and can be dissolved in nitric acid and chloroazotic acid etc., by which
Remove from Waste ammunition and reclaimed from liquid phase.Compared with pyrogenic process, wet method controls technology for gold row
The waste gas put is relatively fewer, extract noble metal after residue be also easy to process, but the waste liquid for producing is more,
The complex treatment process of waste liquid, cost are very high.Certain potential threat is caused to environment
Physical treatment method mainly includes the multiple technologies such as Mechanical Crushing, elutriation and magnetic absorption.
At present, physical treatment method is mainly used in the recovery of metal such as aluminum, copper, and such as the U.S. is using strength rotational flow point
Machine is selected to reclaim aluminum from the PCB of PC, by controlling charging rate, the purity of gained aluminum concentrate
For 85%, the response rate is more than 90%;Sweden reclaims copper using motorized pulleys electrostatic separator, passes through
Design and operation parameter optimization, the grade of gained copper concentrate is 93%~99%, and the response rate is up to
95%~99%.The country is mainly come the gold in separating waste, worn electronic product using physical treatment method at present
Belong to and nonmetallic.But above-mentioned physical method can only process the circuit board without components and parts.For band components and parts
Circuit board have above various electronic devices and components because of which, the method processing elements by melting stannum for adopting at present
The method of device, category manual operations, inefficiency, the molten stannum waste gas of generation, complex treatment process,
Processing cost is higher, produces very big potential threat to environment.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention to aim to provide a kind of waste and old circuit board waste gas
Handling process and its device, to solve the problems, such as that it is serious that existing waste printed circuit board reclaims exhaust emission.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of old circuit board waste gas treatment process is provided, is comprised the following steps:
Step one, burning:The waste gas burning that cracking is produced;
Step 2, carbamide spray:To the waste gas spray urea liquid after burning;
Step 3, cooling:Lower the temperature to spraying the waste gas after urea liquid;
Step 4, purification:By the waste gas purification after cooling, NaHCO is sprayed to which3Powder;
Step 5, dedusting:Waste gas after purification is carried out into dust removal process, is then discharged.
Wherein, in the step one, the second-time burning of waste gas Jing dual firing chamber, temperature are 900~1150 DEG C,
2~5s of burning time.
Wherein, in the step 2, also including dilution step, to entering through the burned waste gas of dual firing chamber
Row air blast dilutes, and carbamide spray is then carried out to waste gas, sprays the urine that mass percent is 28%~40%
Plain solution.
Wherein, in the step 3, the waste gas for having sprayed urea liquid is sent into into waste heat boiler and reclaims heat
Cooling, makes EGT be down to 180~220 DEG C.
Wherein, in the step 4, the waste gas reclaimed after heat cooling is carried out plus Dilution air.
Wherein, in the step 4, also include activated carbon is sprayed in waste gas.
Wherein, in the step 5, waste gas is sent into into sack cleaner dedusting, is then discharged out.
Wherein, the content of the nitrogen oxides and halogenide in waste gas, and root are detected by vehicle emission measurement system
Concentration, weight and the sprinkling NaHCO of spray carbamide are adjusted according to the content3The weight of powder.
A kind of old circuit board emission-control equipment, including waste gas recovery mechanism, the waste gas recovery mechanism
Including for burning waste gas dual firing chamber, for air blast dilution, the exhaust steam passage of spray carbamide, for reclaiming
The waste heat boiler of heat, the flue gas for being provided with sodium bicarbonate powder spraying mechanism and activated carbon spraying mechanism lead to
Road, sack cleaner and chimney, the waste gas sequentially pass through dual firing chamber, exhaust steam passage, waste heat boiler,
Exhaust gases passes and sack cleaner Jing chimneys are discharged.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
It is carcinogenic that old circuit board contains substantial amounts of bioxin , bioxin in cracking, in the waste gas of generation
Waste gas feeding dual firing chamber is first burnt by material, 900~1150 DEG C of ignition temperature, and high temperature is caused easily
Combustion is explosive and toxic gas carry out burning completely;In addition, the burning of this portion gas can maintain dual firing chamber
Temperature, reduce natural gas usage amount;High-temp combustion eliminates bioxin in waste gas, then high temperature
Flue gas carried out air blast dilution, make the temperature of waste gas be down to carbamide spray denitrification optimum response
900 DEG C of temperature, while the concentration of the materials such as the nitrogen oxides in waste gas, hydrogen halides is also reduced, to waste gas
Middle sprinkling urea liquid, the concentration of urea liquid is 28%~40%, and reaction more thoroughly, is effectively eliminated
Nitrogen oxides in waste gas, it is sprayed after, waste gas sent into into waste heat boiler reclaim heat and can also subtract
The generation of Shao bioxin, it is to avoid produce load to follow-up exhaust-gas treatment, the conveying of high-temperature flue gas has strictly
Requirement, after here carries out waste heat recovery, make flue-gas temperature be reduced to 180-220 DEG C, be sodium bicarbonate
Injection is except the optimal reaction temperature of HCl.Can with effectively save follow-up piping cost, be easy to waste gas after
It is continuous to process, after waste gas cooling, sodium bicarbonate powder and active carbon powder are sprayed to which, is neutralized in waste gas
The pollutant such as hydrogen halides, while active carbon powder also imperfect combustion bioxin gas in adsorbable waste gas
Body, unburned regenerate completely or at waste heat boiler bioxin gases, with deodorization, so
After sending into sack cleaner dedusting afterwards, qualified discharge.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of schematic flow sheet of waste and old circuit board waste gas treatment process of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order that the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention become more apparent, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and
Embodiment, the present invention will be described in further detail.It should be appreciated that described herein be embodied as
Example is not intended to limit the present invention only to explain the present invention.
Embodiment one,
A kind of old circuit board waste gas treatment process, comprises the following steps:
Step one, the waste gas burning that cracking is produced;The second-time burning of waste gas Jing dual firing chamber, temperature is
900~1150 DEG C, 2~5s of burning time.
Step 2, to carrying out air blast dilution through the burned waste gas of dual firing chamber, then waste gas is urinated
Element spray, sprays the urea liquid that weight/mass percentage composition is 28%~40%;
Step 3, will spray urea liquid waste gas send into waste heat boiler reclaim heat cooling, make waste gas
Temperature is down to 180~220 DEG C.,
Step 4, will reclaim heat after waste gas purification, spray NaHCO in waste gas3Powder, to
Activated carbon is sprayed in waste gas
Step 5, by after purification waste gas send into sack cleaner dedusting, be then discharged out discharge.
Certainly the concentration of the urea liquid of the present invention can also be 28%, 29%, 30%, 32.5%, 35%,
40%, according to the content of nitrogen oxides and halogenide in waste gas, match somebody with somebody liquid system online in the blend tank
The urea liquid for putting suitable concn under unified central planning, reaches the effect for eliminating nitrogen oxides and halogenide.
Waste gas treatment process is as follows:
It is carcinogenic that old circuit board contains substantial amounts of bioxin , bioxin in cracking, in the waste gas of generation
Waste gas feeding dual firing chamber is first burnt by material, 900~1150 DEG C of ignition temperature, and high temperature causes inflammable
Explosive and toxic gas carry out burning completely;In addition, the burning of this portion gas can maintain dual firing chamber
Temperature, reduces the usage amount of natural gas;
High-temp combustion eliminates bioxin in waste gas, and then the flue gas of high temperature is carried out air blast dilution, is made
The temperature of waste gas is down to 900 DEG C of the optimal reaction temperature that carbamide sprays denitrification, while also reducing useless
The concentration of the materials such as nitrogen oxides, hydrogen halides in gas, sprays urea liquid, urea liquid in waste gas
Concentration be 32.5%, reaction more thoroughly, effectively eliminates nitrogen oxides in waste gas, sprayed
Afterwards, waste gas is sent into into waste heat boiler and reclaims the generation that heat can also reduce bioxin, it is to avoid to follow-up
Exhaust-gas treatment produces load, after the conveying of high-temperature flue gas has strict requirements, here to carry out waste heat recovery,
Make flue-gas temperature be reduced to 180-220 DEG C, be the optimal reaction temperature that sodium bicarbonate injection removes HCl.Can
With effectively save follow-up piping cost, it is easy to waste gas to continue with, after waste gas cooling, carbon is sprayed to which
Sour hydrogen sodium powder end and active carbon powder, neutralize the pollutant such as hydrogen halides in waste gas, while activated carbon powder
Imperfect combustion bioxin gas in the also adsorbable waste gas in end, unburned are weighed completely or at waste heat boiler
Newly-generated bioxin gas, with deodorization, after being then fed into sack cleaner dedusting, row up to standard
Put.
, more than 1100 degree, temperature is higher, from flue material for the flue-gas temperature that dual firing chamber discharges first
From the aspect of material thermostability, air blast must be carried out first and is diluted, to reduce flue-gas temperature;Air blast dilutes
Afterwards, flue-gas temperature is reduced to 900 degree or so, based on NH3The kinetics side of nitrogen oxides reduction
The consideration in face, sprays carbamide under this temperature conditions, and contributing to reaction is carried out.
Under the high temperature conditions, decompose the NH for producing using carbamide3To NOxCarry out SCR,
By NOxIt is reduced to N2And H2O, main chemical reactions are as follows:
CO(NH2)2→NH3+HNCO
HNCO+H2O→NH3+CO2
NH3+NO+O2→N2+H2O
NH3+NO2→N2+H2O
The present invention efficiently solves the waste gas produced by Pintsch process circuit board by waste gas treatment process, makes
Its discharge that can be up to state standards.
The content of the nitrogen oxides and halogenide in waste gas is detected by vehicle emission measurement system, and is contained according to this
Amount adjusts the weight of spray carbamide and sprinkling NaHCO3The weight of powder.
By the monitor in real time of the content to nitrogen oxides of exhaust gas and halogenide, spray can be adjusted in time
The weight and NaHCO of carbamide3The weight of powder, neutralizes the nitrogen oxides in waste gas and halogenation in time
Thing.
A kind of old circuit board emission-control equipment, including waste gas recovery mechanism, the waste gas recovery mechanism
Including for burning waste gas dual firing chamber, for air blast dilution, the exhaust steam passage of spray carbamide, for reclaiming
The waste heat boiler of heat, the flue gas for being provided with sodium bicarbonate powder spraying mechanism and activated carbon spraying mechanism lead to
Road, sack cleaner and chimney, the waste gas sequentially pass through dual firing chamber, exhaust steam passage, waste heat boiler,
Exhaust gases passes and sack cleaner Jing chimneys are discharged.
The above, preferably specific embodiment only of the invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not
Be confined to this, any those familiar with the art the invention discloses technical scope in, can
The change or replacement for readily occurring in, should all be included within the scope of the present invention.Therefore, the present invention
Protection domain should be defined by scope of the claims.