CN101086518A - 用于预测电能存储器件的工作状态变化的方法和设备 - Google Patents

用于预测电能存储器件的工作状态变化的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN101086518A
CN101086518A CNA2007101082579A CN200710108257A CN101086518A CN 101086518 A CN101086518 A CN 101086518A CN A2007101082579 A CNA2007101082579 A CN A2007101082579A CN 200710108257 A CN200710108257 A CN 200710108257A CN 101086518 A CN101086518 A CN 101086518A
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A·M·策特尔
A·H·希普
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Abstract

一种预测电能存储器件的工作状态如寿命状态的变化的方法，包括：为电能存储器件的工作参数如电流建立多个值，以及对于每个相应的值，根据该相应的值来确定电能存储器件的工作状态的对应变化。优选地，根据电流的积分、电能存储器件的放电深度以及电能存储器件的工作温度因数来确定寿命状态的变化。

Description

用于预测电能存储器件的工作状态变化的方法和设备
技术领域
本发明一般涉及电能存储器件。更加特别地，本发明涉及预测对电能存储器件的影响。
背景技术
车辆的各种混合动力推进***使用电能存储器件向电机提供电能，该电机通常与内燃机结合并操作成向车辆提供动力转矩。一种示例性混合动力结构包括双模式复合分离的电动机械传动装置，它利用了从原动机动力源接收动力的输入构件和将动力从传动装置传递到车辆传动***的输出构件。第一和第二电机，即电动机/发电机可操作地与能量存储器件连接，用于在它们之间交换电能。提供一控制单元用于调节能量存储器件和电机之间的电能交换。该控制单元还调节第一和第二电机之间的电能交换。
在汽车动力***中设计考虑的因素之一是能够提供一致的汽车性能和元件/***的使用寿命。混合动力汽车，更加特别地是其中采用了电池组***的混合动力汽车给汽车***的设计者提出了新的挑战和权衡。已经发现，电能存储器件如电池组***的使用寿命随着电池组的静止温度(resting temperature)的降低而延长。然而，较冷的工作温度限制了电池的充电/放电性能，直到电池组的温度升高。较暖的电池组更加容易向汽车推进***提供所需的动力，但是持续的较暖的工作温度会导致使用寿命缩短。
现代的混合动力汽车***管理混合动力***的工作的各个方面，以获得改进的电池使用寿命。例如，控制电池放电深度，限制安培-小时(A-h)通过量，以及使用对流风扇冷却电池组。汽车工作的周围环境条件在很大程度上被忽略了。然而，周围环境条件对电池的使用寿命有很大的影响。特别地，投放到整个北美的各个地理区域的同一型号的混合动力汽车不可能拥有相同的电池组寿命，即使所有汽车在同一循环下驱动。如果要导出有用的电池寿命的估计，就必须考虑汽车的环境。附加地，顾客预期、竞争和政府法规强加了必需满足的多种性能标准，包括电池组的使用寿命。
有用的是使混合动力控制***具有一种能力，该能力用于估计或者确定工作参数如电流电平对电池组寿命的潜在影响，从而使用这种信息积极地控制混合动力***的工作进而优化电池寿命。
发明内容
一种预测电能存储器件的工作状态的变化的方法，包括为电能存储器件的工作参数建立多个值，对于每个相应的值，根据该相应的值来确定电能存储器件的工作状态的对应变化。
根据一个实施例，电能存储器件的工作状态是其寿命状态。此外，电能存储器件的工作参数是电流。优选地，根据电流的积分、电能存储器件的放电深度以及电能存储器件的工作温度因数来确定寿命状态的变化。电能存储器件的放电深度优选根据电流来确定。此外，电能存储器件的工作温度因数根据电能存储器件的电流和温度来确定。
附图说明
本发明在某些部件和部件的布置方面采用物理形式，并详细地在随附的附图中描述和示出了这些部件的一个实施例，这些附图构成本发明的一部分，其中：
图1是根据本发明用于控制***和动力系的一个示例性结构的示意图；
图2和3是根据本发明的算法框图；
图4是根据本发明的示例性数据图。
具体实施方式
现在参考附图，其中所示出的仅仅是为了说明本发明的目的，而不是为了限制本发明，图1示出了控制***和根据本发明的实施例构造的示例性混合动力***。该示例性混合动力***包括多个操作成向传动装置提供动力转矩的转矩产生装置，该传动装置向传动动力***提供动力转矩。该转矩产生装置优选包括内燃机14和第一和第二电机56、72，该第一和第二电机操作成将从电能存储器件74提供的电能转换成动力转矩。该示例性传动装置10包括双模式复合分离的电动机械传动装置，其具有四个固定的齿轮比，其还包括多个齿轮，该齿***作成通过包含在该传动装置中的多个转矩传递装置将动力转矩传递到输出轴64和传动***。示例性传动装置10的机械性质在标题为“具有四个固定比的双模式复合分离的混合动力电动机械传动装置”的美国专利No.6,953,409中详细公开，在此将该专利引入作为参考。
该控制***包括通过局域通信网络交互的分布式控制模块结构，用于向动力***提供行动控制(ongoing control)，该动力***包括发动机14，电机56、72以及传动装置10。
根据本发明的一个实施例可以构造示例性的动力***。由于来自存储于电能存储器件(ESD)74中的燃料或电势的能量转换，该混合传动装置10从转矩产生装置接收输入转矩，该转矩产生装置包括发动机14和电机56、72。典型地，该ESD74包括一个或多个电池。在不改变本发明的思想的条件下，可以使用能够存储电能并分配电能的其它电能存储器件代替电池。该ESD74优选根据多种因素确定尺寸，该因素包括再生要求、与通常的道路坡度和温度相关的应用问题、以及诸如排放物的推进要求、动力辅助和电灶(electric range)。该ESD74通过直流电线与传动功率变换器模块(TPIM)19高压直流耦合，该直流电线表示为传递导线27。该TPIM19通过传递导线29将电能传递给第一电机56，类似地，该TPIM19通过传递导线31将电能传递给第二电机72。电流可根据ESD74是否被充电或放电而在电机56、72和ESD74之间传递。TPIM19包括一对功率变换器和相应的电动机控制模块，该电动机控制模块配置成接收电动机控制命令并由此控制变换器的状态，从而提供电动机驱动或再生功能。
电机56、72优选包括已知的电动机/发电机装置。在电动机控制中，相应的变换器从ESD接收电流，并通过传递导线29和31向相应的电动机提供交流电流。在再生控制中，相应的变换器通过相应的传递导线从电动机接收交流电流，并向直流电线27提供电流。提供给变换器或者从变换器提供的净直流电流可确定电能存储器件74的充电或放电工作模式。优选地，电机A56和电机B72是三相交流电机，并且变换器包括辅助性三相电力电子器件。
在图1中示出的并在下文描述的部件包括整个汽车控制结构的附属设备，这些部件操作成对这里描述的动力***提供协调的***控制。该控制***操作成收集和综合相关的信息和输入，然后执行算法以控制各个致动器进而获得控制目标，包括一些参数，例如燃料经济性、排放物、性能、驱动性能，以及硬件保护，该硬件包括ESD74的电池和电机56、72。控制***的分布式控制模块结构包括发动机控制模块(‘ECM’)23、传动装置控制模块(‘TCM’)17、电池组控制模块(‘BPCM’)21，以及传动功率变换器模块(‘TPIM’)19。混合动力控制模块(‘HCP’)5提供上述控制模块的拱形(overarching)控制和协调。一用户界面(‘UI’)13可操作地与多个装置连接，通常汽车驾驶员可通过这些装置控制或调整动力系的操作，该动力系包括传动装置10。对用户界面13的示例性汽车驾驶员的输入包括油门踏板、刹车踏板、变速齿轮选择器和车辆速度巡航控制。在控制***内，每一上述控制模块通过局域网(‘LAN’)通信总线6与其他控制模块、传感器和致动器通信。该LAN总线6允许各个控制模块之间的控制参数和命令进行结构化通信。所采用的特殊通信协议是应用特定的。作为实例，一个通信协议是汽车工程师学会J1939。LAN总线和合适的协议在上述的控制模块和其他模块之间提供健壮的消息传送和多控制模块接口，该其他模块可提供诸如防锁刹车、牵引控制和车辆稳定性的功能。
HCP5提供混合动力***的全部控制，用于ECM23、TCM17、TPIM19以及BPCM21的协调工作。根据来自用户界面13和动力系的各个输入信号，HCP5产生各种命令，包括：发动机转矩命令，用于混合传动装置10的各离合器的离合器转矩命令；以及分别用于电机A和B的电动机转矩命令。
ECM23可操作地与发动机14连接，其功能是从各个传感器获取数据，和通过多个离散的电线控制发动机14的各个相应的致动器，该离散电线共同地示出为集合线35。ECM23从HCP5接收发动机转矩命令，并产生轴向转矩请求。为了简单起见，示出的ECM23通常通过集合线35和发动机14双向对接。由ECM23感测的各个参数包括发动机冷却液温度、传动装置的发动机输入速度、歧管压力、环境温度和环境压力。利用ECM23进行控制的各个致动器包括燃料喷射器、点火模块和风门控制模块。
TCM17可操作地与传动装置10连接，其功能是从各个传感器获取数据，和向传动装置的离合器提供命令控制信号，即离合器转矩命令。
BPCM21与和ESD74相联的各个传感器交互，以便向HCP5导出有关ESD74的状态的信息。该传感器包括电压传感器和电流传感器，以及可操作成测量ESD74的工作条件的气温传感器，该工作条件例如包括在ESD74的温度和内电阻。感测的参数包括ESD电压VBAT、ESD电流IBAT以及ESD温度TBAT。导出的参数优选包括ESD内电阻RBAT、ESD电荷状态SOC以及ESD的其他状态，包括可获得的电能PBAT_MIN和PBAT_MAX。
传动功率变换器模块(TPIM)19包括上述的功率变换器和机械控制模块，该机械控制模块配置成接收电动机控制命令并由此控制变换器的状态，从而提供电动机驱动或再生功能。TPIM19可操作成根据来自HCP5的输入给电机A和B产生转矩命令，该HCP由通过UI 13的驾驶员输入和***工作参数驱动。电动机转矩由包括TPIM19的控制***实现，以控制电机A和B。各个电动机速度信号由TPIM19从电动机相位信息或传统的转动传感器导出。该TPIM19确定和传送电动机速度给HCP5。
控制***的每一上述控制模块优选是通用的数字计算机，其通常包括微处理器或中央处理单元、只读存储器(ROM)、随机存储器(RAM)、电可编程序只读存储器(EPROM)、高速时钟、模数转换(A/D)和数模转换(D/A)电路，输入/输出电路和设备(I/O)以及合适的信号调节和缓冲电路。每一控制模块具有一组控制算法，包括驻留的程序指令和校准，其存储在ROM中并被执行以提供每一计算机的相应功能。各个计算机之间的信息传递优选使用上述的LAN6实现。
在每一控制模块中用于控制和状态估计的算法通常在预置的循环中执行，使得每一算法在每一循环中执行至少一次。利用预置的校准，存储在非易失性存储器件中的算法由一个中央处理单元执行，并操作成监控来自传感器的输入和执行控制和诊断例程，从而控制相应设备的操作。典型地以规则的间隔执行循环，例如在行进的发动机和汽车工作过程中为每隔3.125、6.25、12.5、25和100毫秒。可替换地，响应于发生的事件执行算法。
在汽车的活动工作期间即在当汽车驾驶员使发动机和电机工作时，发生下文描述的动作，典型地是通过一个‘接通’动作。休止周期包括当汽车驾驶员使发动机和电机的工作停止时的时间周期，典型地是通过一个‘切断’动作。响应于通过用户界面13捕获的驾驶员的动作，HCP的监控控制模块5和一个或多个其它控制模块可确定所需的传动输出转矩T0。混合传动装置10的选择性操纵的部件是适当受控的，并操纵成响应于驾驶员的要求。例如，在图1示出的示例性实施例中，当驾驶员已经选择了前进的换档位置并操纵油门踏板或刹车踏板时，HCP5确定汽车如何以及何时加速或减速。HCP5还监控转矩产生装置的参数状态，并确定实现加速或减速的期望速度所需的传动装置输出。在HCP5的指导下，传动装置10在从低到高的输出速度范围上操作以满足驾驶员的要求。
现在参考图2，其描述了一种实时估计可在混合动力控制***中使用的电能存储器件的寿命状态(‘SOLK’)的方法和设备。在代理案号为No.GP-307586、标题为“用于电能存储器件的实时寿命估计的方法和设备”的美国专利申请案No._ _/_ _ _ _ _ _中详细公开了实时估计混合动力控制***中电能存储器件的寿命状态(‘SOL’)的示例性的方法和设备。该估计寿命状态的示例性方法和设备包括一种算法，即在工作期间监控电能存储器件74的电流、电荷状态以及温度。在ESD工作的静止周期中进一步监控电能存储器件74的温度。ESD工作的静止周期的特征在于ESD的功率通量微乎其微，而ESD工作的活动周期的特征在于ESD的功率通量不微乎其微。也就是说，ESD工作的静止周期通常的特征在于没有或者有最小的电流流入或流出ESD。关于与混合动力车辆推进***相联的ESD，例如ESD工作的静止周期可以和车辆的不活动周期(例如，包括电机的动力系例如在汽车未被驱动以及附属负载断开的周期期间不工作，该周期可以包括这样的周期，即其特征是继续某种控制器操作所需的寄生电流移动，该操作例如包括与本发明相关联的操作)相联。相反地，ESD操作的活动周期与汽车活动的周期(例如，附属负载接通和/或包括电机的动力系例如在汽车被驱动时的周期期间工作，其中电流可以流入或流出ESD)相联。根据在工作的静止周期和活动周期中ESD的电流、ESD的电荷状态以及ESD的温度来确定电能存储器件74的寿命状态(‘SOL’)。计算SOL的输入包括ESD的内电阻RBAT、ESD的温度TBAT、ESD的电荷状态SOC以及ESD的电流IBAT。这些都是在分布式控制***内测量到的或者导出的已知工作参数。通过这些参数，可以确定A-h积分因数110、放电深度(‘DOD’)因数112、驱动温度因素114以及静止温度因数TREST116，并作为确定SOL的参数的输入提供。用于计算SOL的工作参数包括：实时监控的、以安培为单位测量的并作为时间的函数积分的ESD的电流IBAT；在每一活动的充电和放电事件期间流过ESD74的电流的大小；ESD的电荷状态(‘SOC’)，包括放电深度(‘DOD’)；和在工作的活动周期中的ESD温度因数，其表示为TDRIVE。在分布式控制***中的输入即RBAT、TBAT、SOC以及IBAT都是已知的工作参数。输入TREST是导出的参数值。
现在参考图3，描述优选在多个前述控制模块的一个中执行的算法的示意图，该算法在控制***中执行，以便对随后的时间步长k+1、对每一控制自由度预先计算ESD的寿命状态中的可能变化SOLdelta的阵列。在该实施例中，选择的控制自由度包括ESD的电流IBAT。执行算法以便在随后的时间步长为ESD的电流电平阵列计算对ESD的寿命状态的影响，从而根据ESD74的SOL来优化车辆工作和控制。这包括按如下方式在电流电平的范围上估计SOL中变化的值，其表示为SOLdelta。
估计的SOL因数用等式1表示：
Figure A20071010825700101
其中：
SOLk+1是对随后的迭代k+1计算的寿命状态参数，该迭代通常是等于直到控制***中的下一个循环所经过时间的时间步长；
SOLk是刚刚计算出的寿命状态参数；
SOLdelta(x，y)包括对给定的x，y值计算出的参数SOLdelta；以及SOLdelta(x， )包括含有参数SOLdelta的范围的矢量，其中数值x保持不变，而数值y在一定范围上递增。确定的SOLdelta参数优选由前述的混合动力车辆控制***用来与其它***限制相结合进行优化。其可以如图4示意性所示，特别地是项目170、172、174和176。
再次参考图3，通过监控输入参数TBAT_K来运算算法，所述输入参数包括在时间点k处ESD74的温度。在随后的时间步长k+1的、表示为IBAT_K+I的ESD的电流包括如在138示出的前述ESD的电流值的阵列，在这种情况下是以增量值为100安培的方式从-200安培变化到+200安培，其中正号和负号表示电流的方向，分别用于对ESD74进行充电和放电。计算SOLdelta的等式1中的所有其它参数(
Figure A20071010825700111
)保持不变。对于随后的时间步长的每个ESD的电流值IBAT_K+1确定在SOLdelta的计算中使用的输入参数，该输入参数包括电流积分110、放电深度因数112、驱动温度因数114。第二阵列144包括根据ESD的电流IBAT_K+1确定的SOLdelta值的表，该第二阵列被计算出来并由控制***用来决定车辆的相关随后操作。
对于时间步长k+1，可以为电流值的阵列138直接计算出对电流A-h积分分量110的总累积影响的估计，在这种情况下以增量值为100安培的方式从-200安培到+200安培。SOLdelta的A-h积分分量110用于计算SOLdelta(x，y)矢量中每个单元的SOLdelta的最终值。对于每个车辆来说，被驱动的A-h/mile的累积值通常是已知的，其通常包括在ESD的电流和SOLdelta之间的直接线性关系。
对放电深度(DOD)的影响的估计是可知到的，如下所述。SOC的参数值在时间k是已知的。参考矢量138示出的电流值可用于计算SOC的参数值，如在136中所示的，其中计算出了结果SOCk+1。如果指定了所建议电流，则将该值与SOCDOD-LOCK相比较，该SOCDOD-LOCK包括在随后的计算循环中得到的ESD的电荷状态，。当***超过SOC-DOD LOCK IN阈值时，DOD的分布对SOC的影响会变大，所述阈值在该实施例中为参数值的75％。这意味着***使和SOC目标区域的偏差恶化了。该***极大地恶化了SOC，例如当由于执行了诸如长期的车辆加速动作时，控制器的动作将使ESD放电到低于一个设定值，如40％。将得到的放电深度112的参数值传递到DOD-SOL影响表中。然后将该SOLdelta分量提供给SOLdelta计算。
根据ESD的工作温度来估计影响包括计算因控制参数IBAT的即将变化而导致的对ESD传热的估计。这就在ESD在经过的时间中变热时提供了量的表示。通过将电流IBAT_K+1的每个值输入到ESD74的数学模型来确定ESD的发热量，该数学模型包括与SOC和温度成函数关系的一个或多个矢量或电阻矩阵。该矩阵的基础是基于试验数据的预定校准或来自控制模块的计算电阻。该计算进一步以ESD74的热质量以及任何ESD冷却***的性能为基础。根据控制操作，如在方框134中所示出的，来确定热变化134的估计，其表示为ESD在时间k和k+1的温差，即(IBAT_K+1-IBAT_K)，该温差可根据在时间k+1的控制参数IBAT来确定。在方框114确定驱动温度因数，并将其传递到时间步长k+1的方框142的SOLdelta计算。由于工作温度和静止温度会影响ESD的总寿命，因此会产生上述结果。来自方框110的时间积分的电流因数、来自方框112的DOD因数以及来自方框114的驱动温度因数包括给方框142的输入，该方框为电流值阵列的每个电流值确定SOLdelta的参数值，所述电流值被输入到方框138的算法中。在SOLdelta(x，y)矢量144中创建如上所述的值的阵列。
作为一个实例，操作混合动力车辆以使ESD的电流最大并且充电通常会导致较大的电流流过ESD。A-h/mile的参数可能高于平均算子，计算SOLdelta(x，y)的A-h分量可能在所有正的和负的电流值上反映出相当高的SOLdelta值。然而，由于控制***具有充分的时间适应各个驾驶员的驱动方式(通常较为灵敏的驾驶员会尝试在再充电模式中使运转最大，例如再生制动，以及尝试识别ESD推进的区域)，因此该实例中的电荷状态保持在最佳的水平，大约为75％+/-2％。在给定的计算时刻，SOC为74.5，方框136中SOCDOD-LOCK的值为74.9。在该点处的瞬间DOD仅为0.4％DOD。这对所有的IBAT/k+1电流值来说将转化为对SOLdelta相对较小的影响。换句话说，在下一个时间步长中，对与较大的放电深度直接相关的SOL来说危险降低。
最后，当驾驶员很可能在较大电流流过ESD的同时以高的ESD的温度启动时，这很可能使ESD变热到超过其冷却***的能力，由低电流电平产生的影响是很合理的。然而，在较大的正向充电电流的情况下，由于ESD加热的将来潜在性，因此可能对SOLdelta产生较大的影响。对于较大的放电电流，SOLdelta增加得较小，但是不会象充电电流那样大，因为放电电流的电阻比充电电流的电阻小。
再次参考图4，其示出了表示与车辆运行时间和里程数成函数关系的寿命状态因数的数据图。该数据图包括目标轮廓160，该轮廓具有随时间和被驱动的距离变化的SOL的理想线性变化。第二线170包括一***，其中初始的SOL和时间的关系在理想轮廓上方，它可潜在地导致ESD74的使用寿命缩短。因此需要在随后的使用中不那么侵略性地使用ESD，以便优化ESD的寿命。第三线180包括一***，其中初始的SOL和时间的关系在理想轮廓下方，这会导致ESD74的使用寿命延长。在这种情况下，工作***能够更加侵略性地使用电机56、72以推进车辆。此外，这种***有利于更加有效地使用车辆中的混合动力推进***，该***可在具有较低环境温度的气候中使用。现在参考项172、174、176，上述项示出了三个根据上面的等式1以及这里描述的发明计算出的SOLdelta的值。该信息可被混合动力控制***使用，以在电流方面对于随后的步长确定电机工作的合适水平，同时考虑利用SOL因数对ESD的寿命的影响。因此，能够根据将SOL保持与目标轮廓160一致的一般目的来控制电机电流。控制技术的变化程度会影响该目的，例如包括在保证侵略性控制的地方形成(例如设定或者指示)电机电流，例如在实际的SOL需要粗调以和目标轮廓一致的情况或者在SOL在相对目标轮廓的过早寿命终止的轨迹上的情况。可替换地，在保证非侵略性控制的情况，例如在实际的SOL需要微调以和目标轮廓一致的情况或者在SOL在相对目标轮廓的延长寿命终止的轨迹上的情况，只形成电机电流限制是更加合适的。一般地，期望的是使实际的SOL快速集中到目标轮廓同时使超调最小。
该实施例描述了一种方法和***，其根据器件的工作状态如寿命状态来预先确定工作参数如ESD的电流的变化的影响。对于其他应用，可能存在更大程度的控制，因此可以根据其他控制参数计算对SOLdelta的影响，并将其传递给控制***。应该理解，这种修改属于本发明的范围。还应该理解，对传动装置硬件的修改在本发明的范围内是允许的。已经具体参考了优选的实施例和其变型描述了本发明。在阅读和理解了说明书时可以其作进一步的修改和替换。期望的是包括所有这样的修改和替换，只要它们属于本发明的范围。

Claims (16)

1.一种预测电能存储器件的工作状态的变化的方法，包括：
为电能存储器件的工作参数建立多个值；以及
对于每个相应的值，根据该相应的值确定电能存储器件的工作状态的对应变化。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中电能存储器件的工作状态包括寿命状态。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法，其中电能存储器件的工作参数包括电流。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法，其中根据电流的积分、电能存储器件的放电深度以及电能存储器件的工作温度因数来确定寿命状态的变化。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法，其中电能存储器件的放电深度根据电流来确定。
6.如权利要求4所述的方法，其中电能存储器件的工作温度因数根据电能存储器件的电流和温度来确定。
7.一种预测电能存储器件寿命状态的变化的方法，包括：
为电能存储器件提供多个潜在电流；以及
对于每个潜在电流，预测对电能存储器件寿命状态的相应影响。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法，其中预测对电能存储器件寿命状态的影响包括根据受电能存储器件的电流影响的至少一个因素来预测寿命状态的变化。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法，其中受电能存储器件的电流影响的所述至少一个因素包括与随时间积分的电流相关的因素。
10.如权利要求8所述的方法，其中受电能存储器件的电流影响的所述至少一个因素包括与电能存储器件的放电深度相关的因素。
11.如权利要求8所述的方法，其中受电能存储器件的电流影响的所述至少一个因素包括与电能存储器件的温度相关的因素。
12.一种预测电能存储器件寿命状态的变化的设备，包括：
电流传感器，用于感测流过电能存储器件的电流；以及
基于计算机的控制器，用于接收表示感测到的电能存储器件的电流的信号；
所述基于计算机的控制器包括存储介质，该存储介质中具有被编码的计算机程序，所述计算机程序包括：
用于为电能存储器件提供多个潜在电流的代码；以及
用于对于每个潜在电流预测对电能存储器件寿命状态的相应影响的代码。
13.如权利要求12所述的设备，其中用于预测对电能存储器件寿命状态的影响的代码包括根据受电能存储器件的电流影响的至少一个因素来预测寿命状态的变化。
14.如权利要求13所述的设备，其中受电能存储器件的电流影响的所述至少一个因素包括与随时间积分的电流相关的因素。
15.如权利要求13所述的设备，其中受电能存储器件的电流影响的所述至少一个因素包括与电能存储器件的放电深度相关的因素。
16.如权利要求13所述的设备，其中受电能存储器件的电流影响的所述至少一个因素包括与电能存储器件的温度相关的因素。
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