CN101074620B - 内燃机用排气后处理装置 - Google Patents

内燃机用排气后处理装置 Download PDF

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CN101074620B
CN101074620B CN2007101070868A CN200710107086A CN101074620B CN 101074620 B CN101074620 B CN 101074620B CN 2007101070868 A CN2007101070868 A CN 2007101070868A CN 200710107086 A CN200710107086 A CN 200710107086A CN 101074620 B CN101074620 B CN 101074620B
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exhaust gas
treatment device
gas post
exhaust
outlet pipe
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CN101074620A (zh
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马库斯·韦尔尼
西格弗里德·弗尔纳
鲁道夫·布曼
Dr.赖纳·莱嫩
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Ebbers Peixie Climate Control System Of Joint Venture Co
Eberspaecher Exhaust Technology GmbH and Co KG
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J Eberspaecher GmbH and Co KG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
    • F01N3/2885—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices with exhaust silencers in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/08—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
    • F01N1/084—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling the gases flowing through the silencer two or more times longitudinally in opposite directions, e.g. using parallel or concentric tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/08—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
    • F01N1/10—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling in combination with sound-absorbing materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/011—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
    • F01N13/017—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/0335—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with exhaust silencers in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2892—Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/20—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/02—Tubes being perforated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/30—Tubes with restrictions, i.e. venturi or the like, e.g. for sucking air or measuring mass flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F01N2560/026—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting NOx
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    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种内燃机、特别是机动车内燃机用排气***的排气后处理装置(1)，具有一壳体(2)，一通往混合室(3)的排气管(4)伸入到其中。将该混合室(3)设计为罐形，且将流入排气的流动方向(6)反转，从而在排气管(4)的外部径向上使排气回流。罐形混合室(3)的开口端(7)通往一收集空间(8)，对该空间进行设计，以使它将排气供给到至少一个下游的SCR催化转化器(9)中。

Description

内燃机用排气后处理装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种内燃机、特别是机动车内燃机用的排气后处理装置。
背景技术
选择性催化还原法(SCR法)指一种选择性化学反应，其中并不是排气的所有排气组分都被还原，而是仅还原了氮氧化物。在汽车工程中，该方法正越来越多的被用于具有柴油发动机的卡车和商务车中，从而减少了污染物的排放程度，使它们符合Eu4标准。还原所需的氨并不是直接地进行添加，例如纯相形式，而是以含水的尿素溶液形式加入，将该溶液注入到排气管路中，在此它通过水解反应触发尿素水溶液分解成氨和水。SCR法的优点是从排气中除去灰粒和氮氧化物，因此减少了排放。前述方法的缺点特别在于尿素与待清洁排气的混合通常不充分。
发明内容
本发明涉及的问题是提供一种上述定义类型的排气后处理装置的改进实施方案，其特征特别在于改善了还原剂和待清洁排气的混合。
根据本发明，这一问题通过独立权利要求的主题得以解决。优选实施方案是从属权利要求的主题。
本发明基于的总体思想是，在排气后处理装置内，重复地偏转待清洁的排气流，由此使排气和所添加尿素极好的、充分的混合。该排气后处理装置具有一壳体，其带有通往混合室并伸入到该壳体的管，该混合室为罐形，并翻转越过排气管的排出口，使进入的排气的流向反转，并使该排气在排气管的外部径向上向后偏转。该罐形混合室的开口端通往优选设计为气密性的收集室，并因此毫无损耗地将排气供入到下游的SCR催化转化器中。本发明的排气后处理装置的优点在于排气流的回流包含总的360°，从而使待清洁的排气与一开始加入到排气后处理装置中的尿素和/或氨极好的、充分的混合。该极好的、充分的混合随后使得氮氧化物基本上完全还原。
排气管优选在其排出口区域内具有一穿孔壁。与未穿孔的排气管相比，这种穿孔壁会形成更大的涡流，该涡流能改善尿素和/或还原剂与待清洁排气的混合。
在本发明方法的优选实施方案中，至少将一个以下的导流部件：穿孔板、自旋部件、螺旋部件，设置在混合室和收集空间之间。此处所列的全部部件都产生排气流的偏转从而增强对该排气的混合。很明显，在本发明的排气后处理装置中，上述部件可单独地加以使用，或者彼此以任意的组合加以使用。
在本发明方法的另一优选实施方案中，将一吸声空间设置在SCR催化转化器的下游。在SCR催化转化器中催化反应之后，即氮氧化物还原以后，将排气流传送到吸声室中，在此通过例如室中合适的衬里吸收声音从而减少了噪音。因此，排气后处理装置不仅达到了清洁排气的目的，而且同时实现了***的功能，以致获得特别紧凑的设计。
并且优选将NOx传感器安装在下游的SCR催化转化器上。这种NOx传感器测量从SCR催化转化器中排出的排气中的NOx，并将该值传送到分析装置，该装置对所检测的值和设定的给定值进行比较。另外，可想得到的是，根据所测量的实际值与规定的设定值之间的偏移量，可调节尿素的添加以及由此的还原过程。
本发明的其它重要特征和优点来自从属权利要求，附图和基于附图的各自的附图说明。
不言而喻的是上述特征和下文还将阐述的那些特征在不超出本发明的范围内，不仅可以以给定的特殊结合方式使用，而且可以以其它结合方式或者单独地使用。
附图说明
本发明的优选示例性实施方案描述于附图中并且在以下阐述中详细进行说明，此中涉及的相同的附图标记指相同、类似或同一功能的部件。
示意图中：
图1显示了排气管区域内排气后处理装置的纵截面图。
图2显示了与图1中的相类似，但具有一不同排气管的图。
图3显示了与图2中的相类似，但具有一不同排气管的图。
图4显示了与图3中的相类似，但具有一个一端密封的排气管的图。
图5显示了与图4中的相类似，但具有在排出口区域内进行穿孔的排气管壁的图。
图6显示了与图5中的相类似，但具有一个一端开口的排气管的图。
图7显示了具有文丘里喷嘴(Venturi nozzle)的排气管的纵截面图。
图8显示了与图2中相类似，但具有若干SCR催化转化器的排气后处理装置的纵截面图。
图9显示了沿IX-IX线的排气后处理装置的横截面图。
具体实施方式
根据图1，本发明的内燃机(未示出)用排气后处理装置1，具有一排气管4伸入到壳体2，该排气管通往一混合室3中。将混合室3设计成罐形，并在所有的实施方案中具有一曲面档板5。该档板5可具有例如一烧结金属板或者可进行这种设计。混合室3用来充分混合流进排气后处理装置1中的排气和先前已经添加到其中的例如尿素的还原剂。为了成功地除去排气中存在的氮氧化物，必须优选将排气与还原剂，例如尿素均匀地混合。如图1所示，排气沿箭头6从左向右流过排气管4，进入混合室3中。混合室3的罐形设计引起流入的排气在流动方向上经历反转，然后在排气管4的外部径向上回流，即从右向左。到达左边的区域，即罐形混合室3的开口端7以后，排气流入收集空间8，其将排气传送到下游的SCR催化转化器9中。将收集空间8设计为气密的，以便已从混合室3流入收集空间8的排气能传送到SCR催化转化器9中，优选没有损耗。
排气管4外部的径向上，根据图1到6形成所谓的回流环隙。在该回流环隙中，经历流向6上180°反转后的排气，流向混合室3的开口端7。所有的图1到6中的视图都具有共同的事实，即仅部分地显示出担负氮氧化物还原的SCR催化转化器9。
在SCR催化转化器9的下游，优选设置一第二收集空间11，在其中收集排气并从那里将排气传送到吸声室20中，该室中具有例如***和/或微粒过滤器。同样，SCR催化转化器9的下游，可设置NOx传感器12，以测量清洁过的排气中存在的氮氧化物含量，并将这一信息传递给分析和控制单元(未示出)。该分析和控制单元然后比较所测量的NOx的实际值和预定的NOx的设定值，如果必要，对所加入的尿素的量重新调整。如果超过了NOx的界限，那么可想而知一些措施会被启动，例如控制灯的点亮或扭矩的减少。
通常，应该将排气后处理装置1尽可能地靠近发动机进行安装。同样，可彼此并排地设置若干SCR催化转化器9，它们全部优选地从一共同的收集空间8供入排气。仅在图8和9中示出的这些附加的SCR催化转化器9，能并排设置在例如图1到6中所示的SCR催化转化器9的下方。
在图1的一种改良中，也可想到的是，排气管4的排出口更短地伸入到混合室3中，例如到图中所示的虚线13的区域就已终止。
以下对图2到6中排气管的排出口区域的多种形式进行详细说明。
图2显示了一排气管4，将其壁设计为在混合室3的区域内径向向内放射状地变细并在变细的区域内对其穿孔。因此排气径向向外流过穿孔，然后根据流向箭头6进入混合室3中。该穿孔也用来支持排气和还原剂之间的混合过程。
图3显示了一排气管4，其也在混合室3的区域内变细并在变细的区域内进行穿孔，由此与图2相比，选定了明显较小的一长度范围进行穿孔。此处的流动特征几乎与图2中所示的相类似，即排气通过其设置在轴端上的开口离开排气管4。另外为了促进还原剂和排气之间的混合作用，可将导流部件18，诸如穿孔板、自旋部件或螺旋部件布置在回流环隙10中或混合室3中。也可想到的是，罐形混合室3可具有一螺旋装置，其沿着回流环隙10的穿孔螺旋通道19的方式。
图4显示了一排气管4，其在混合室3内具有一类似于图3中排气管穿孔区域的穿孔区域，但此处的排气并不在端部沿轴向离开该排气管4，而相反通过设置在排出口区域内和/或排气管4的壁内的通孔14离开它。
图5显示了排气管4的一端部区域，其由一板15在轴端封闭，并具有通孔14′，该通孔在接近混合室3内排气管4的轴端的径向上穿过该排气管4的壁。
图6中，排气管4的端部区域具有轴向通道和设置在该排气管4壁上的通孔14″。这样，排气能既在轴向又在径向离开该排气管4，以便在混合室3内获得极好的混合效果。根据图6，此处可将通孔14″设置在排气管4的轴16上，由此也可想而知，通孔14″可以以其它的方式设置在排气管4的壁内。由于排气管4在混合室端部呈一角度，所以该混合室3中的混合过程可由此得到进一步的加强。
对图1到6所示的排气管4的端部区域进行补充或作为选择，排气管4也可设计为如图7所示的文丘里喷嘴或者它可具有设计为文丘里喷嘴的插件17。在这种文丘里喷嘴中，不需要任何附加的强化措施就可在排气管4的最窄点获得的真空和增大的流速。经过最窄点后，根据图7也将通孔14″设置在插件17上，进一步促进了还原剂和排气流的充分混合。
图8显示了本发明排气后处理装置1的简化纵截面图，由此，将两SCR催化转化器9设置在混合室3的下方，它们的一端都与收集空间8相通，另一端与第二收集空间11相通。可对该排气后处理装置1进行设计，以便将若干SCR催化转化器9，例如7个，平行安装，并且其一个在一个之上和/或并排，如图9所示。在SCR催化转化器9下游对NOx的含量进行测量，例如在吸声室20之前不久。正如上所述的SCR催化转化器9全部都连接到收集空间8上，这样它们在流体输入端与它相通，但在流体输出端，将每个都连接到吸声室20上，这样它通过第二收集空间11与其相通。当然，其它的，特别是大量的SCR催化转化器9也是可以想到的。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于内燃机的排气后处理装置(1)，
具有一壳体(2)，一通往混合室(3)中的排气管(4)伸入到其中，
为此，将所述混合室(3)设计为罐形，且将流入排气的流动方向(6)反转180°，并在排气管(4)的外部径向上使其回流，
为此，所述罐形混合室(3)的开口端(7)通往一收集空间(8)，对该空间进行设计，以使它将所述排气供给到至少一个下游的SCR催化转化器(9)中，通过将流动方向反转180°，从而排气流在排气管(4)和SCR催化转换器(9)之间承受360°的总的流动偏转。
2.根据权利要求1所述的排气后处理装置，其特征在于，将所述排气管(4)设计成文丘里喷嘴或者具有一设计为文氏管喷嘴的插件(17)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的排气后处理装置，其特征在于，相对所述排气管(4)的排出口，在所述混合室(3)中设置有一档板(5)，和/或，所述档板(5)具有一烧结金属板。
4.根据权利要求1所述的排气后处理装置，其特征在于，所述排气管(4)在其排出口的区域内具有一穿孔壁。
5.根据权利要求1所述的排气后处理装置，其特征在于，将至少一个以上的导流部件(18)：穿孔板、自旋部件、螺旋部件设置在所述混合室(3)和所述收集空间(8)之间。 
6.根据权利要求1所述的排气后处理装置，其特征在于，所述罐形混合室(3)具有一穿孔螺旋通道(19)方式的螺旋部件。
7.根据权利要求1所述的排气后处理装置，其特征在于，将吸声室(20)设置在所述SCR催化转化器(9)的下游。
8.根据权利要求7所述的排气后处理装置，其特征在于，将吸声器和/或微粒过滤器设置在所述吸声室(20)中。
9.根据权利要求1所述的排气后处理装置，其特征在于，将所述排气后处理装置(1)靠近发动机进行设置。
10.根据权利要求1所述的排气后处理装置，其特征在于，将NOx传感器(12)设置在所述SCR催化转化器(9)的下游。 
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Free format text: FORMER NAME: EBERSPACHER CLIMATE CONTROL SYSTEMS GMBH + CO. KG

Owner name: EBERSPACHER CLIMATE CONTROL SYSTEMS GMBH + CO. KG

Free format text: FORMER NAME: EBERSPAECHER J. GMBH + CO.

CP03 Change of name, title or address

Address after: German Neunkirchen

Patentee after: EBERSPACHER EXHAUST TECHNOLOGY GmbH & Co.KG

Address before: Germany Esslingen

Patentee before: Ebbers Peixie climate control system of joint venture Co.

Address after: Germany Esslingen

Patentee after: Ebbers Peixie climate control system of joint venture Co.

Address before: Esslingen aibeisi Peixie Germany 73730 Street No. 24

Patentee before: ADB BVBA