CN101061013A - 具有适于车辆布局的驱动器和传动模块 - Google Patents
具有适于车辆布局的驱动器和传动模块 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
- B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/08—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means
- B60K6/10—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable mechanical accumulator, e.g. flywheel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
- B60K17/06—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/08—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means
- B60K6/10—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable mechanical accumulator, e.g. flywheel
- B60K6/105—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable mechanical accumulator, e.g. flywheel the accumulator being a flywheel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/48—Parallel type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
- B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
- B60K6/543—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a continuously variable transmission
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
- B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
- F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
- F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
- F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
- F16H37/0833—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
- F16H37/084—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
- F16H37/0846—CVT using endless flexible members
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
- F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
- F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
- F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
- F16H37/0833—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
- F16H37/084—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
- F16H2037/088—Power split variators with summing differentials, with the input of the CVT connected or connectable to the input shaft
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
一种驱动器(1),由驱动源(3)和相连接的传动模块(5)组成。传动模块(5)包括旁路传动装置(7),其具有相连接的、用于支撑转矩的支撑装置(9);传动装置(11);变矩器(13);几个离合器(15、17);及减速装置R1、R2、R3。旁路传动装置(7)具有三个旋转体c、a、s,且形成为行星齿轮。第三旋转体s经由离合器(15)连接至由飞轮形成的支撑装置(9)。第一旋转体c经由变矩器(13)连接至驱动源(3),并经由驱动离合器(17)连接至传动装置(11)的输入轴(21)。第二旋转体a最后经由第一和第三减速装置R1和R3连接至传动装置(11)的输出轴(23),且输出轴(23)经由第一和第二减速装置R1和R2连接至由矩形示意性示出的车辆从动轮L。每个减速装置R1、R2、R3由两个互锁的齿轮(35-43)形成,其中的第一和第三减速装置R1和R3具有共用的齿轮(37)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于车辆的驱动器,所述驱动器包括驱动源和设置有输入轴和输出轴的传动模块,其中所述输入轴连接至驱动源,所述输出轴连接至车辆的从动轮,所述传动模块包括用于支撑转矩的支撑装置和具有输入轴和输出轴的传动装置,以及具有至少三个旋转体的旁路传动装置,所述三个旋转体中的第一旋转体连接至所述驱动源,第二旋转体可以连接至车辆的从动轮,以及第三旋转体可以连接至所述支撑装置,所述传动装置与旁路传动装置平行,所述传动装置的输入轴连接至第一旋转体,所述传动装置的输出轴连接至第二旋转体。
背景技术
这种驱动器由荷兰专利申请No.1022092所公开。所述公知的驱动器不能简单地用于现有的具有传动装置和端部传动装置的车辆中,这是由于,为了获得理想的传动装置,许多构件(如轴和齿轮)必须***到不恰当的位置中,从而使所述传动装置的体积和重量增加。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种如前序所描述的类型的驱动器,其中旁路传动装置离合器和传动装置以在实践上更恰当的方式和车辆的从动轮一起制成,在所述方式中包括有更少的构件,而且所述构件被引入更恰当的位置,从而使所述驱动器更紧凑,更轻巧。因此,根据本发明的驱动器的特征在于,所述传动装置的输出轴可经由第一减速装置和第二减速装置连接至车辆的所述从动轮,并且所述传动装置的输出轴经由第三减速装置连接至所述第二旋转体,所述第三减速装置由所述第一减速装置或所述第二减速装置的一个齿轮和与所述齿轮互锁的另一个齿轮形成,从而所述第一减速装置的齿轮由第一齿轮形成,所述第一齿轮连接至所述传动装置的输出轴和第二齿轮,所述第二齿轮连接至所述第二减速装置的第一齿轮,所述第二减速装置的第二齿轮连接至所述从动轮。通过在所述传动装置和所述旁路传动装置之间的连接线中和在所述传动装置和所述从动轮之间的连接线中包括有所述第一减速装置或第二减速装置的齿轮,可以获得车辆驱动器的理想的和紧凑的布局,从而通过恰当地选择所述减速装置和所述旁路传动装置的传动比,需要稍微调整或不需要调整所述传动装置和所述端部传动装置的传动比即可将其应用于现有的车辆中。
根据本发明的驱动器的实施例的特征在于,所述传动装置的输出轴经由所述第一减速装置的第二齿轮连接至所述第二旋转体。
根据本发明的驱动器的另一实施例的特征在于,所述传动装置的输出轴经由所述第一减速装置的第一齿轮而且经由第四减速装置连接至所述第二旋转体。
后面改型的实施例的特征在于,所述第三减速装置的另一个齿轮和所述第四减速装置的其中一个齿轮一起位于中间轴上。
后面改型的另一实施例的特征在于,所述第三减速装置的另一个齿轮还形成所述第四减速装置的第一齿轮。
另一个实施例的特征在于,所述传动装置的输出轴经由所述第二减速装置的第二齿轮而且经由第四减速装置连接至所述第二旋转体,其中所述第三减速装置的另一个齿轮和所述第四减速装置的其中一个齿轮一起位于中间轴上。
另一个实施例的特征在于,所述连接轴或所述中间轴由两个部分轴组成,所述两个部分轴经由分离装置彼此能断开。
根据本发明的驱动器的另一个实施例的特征在于,在所述传动装置的输入轴和所述第一旋转体之间的连接线的部分中设有离合器,所述离合器并不位于所述驱动源和所述第一旋转体之间的连接线中。如果确定所述驱动器未设有另一个诸如变矩器之类的变换件(drive off element),则所述离合器还作为变换件。而且,所述离合器在驱动过程中可以用于断开所述传动装置,从而所述支撑装置朝向所述从动轮支撑发动机转矩。如果所述支撑装置包括飞轮(惯性体),所述支撑装置将受到相反的加速度,从而所述飞轮向所述驱动器提供额外的能量。通过打开所述离合器,与离合器未打开以及通过传动装置进行齿轮变速的情形相比可以更快地获得更高的相反加速度。由此与已知的驱动器相比,从具有离合器的飞轮能够获得更多的能量,因此可以使所述飞轮更紧凑、更轻巧。
如果不设有其它的诸如变矩器之类的变换件,则具有扭簧的发动机飞轮优选地设置在所述驱动源和所述传动装置之间。
根据本发明的驱动器的另一个优点是所述支撑装置(惯性体)还增大了驱动器中的扭转振动抑制力(通过使用变矩器以及通过使用发动机飞轮和扭簧)。
所述支撑装置优选地包括质量惯性体和/或电动发电机,并且额外的离合器还优选地位于所述支撑装置和所述第三旋转体之间。所述额外的离合器和/或用于所述额外的离合器的驱动单元优选地制造为:如果所述第三旋转体反向转动时,所述额外的离合器自动地接合或断开。
所述额外的离合器还可以进行操作,从而闭合所述离合器时,启动所述驱动源。随后在所述支撑装置(飞轮)中的能量用于从静止位置开始增大驱动源的转数。以这种方式,所述驱动源可以快速地启动,从而当车辆静止时可以关闭所述驱动源,从而节省了燃料。这样,就不必使用较大型的电启动电动机。
另一个实施例的特征在于,诸如变矩器的变换件位于所述驱动源和所述传动装置之间。
从静止位置的变换(正向及反向)通过驱动器可以恰当地进行,在所述驱动器中,另一个旁路传动装置位于所述驱动源和具有至少三个旋转体的传动装置之间,例如如果第一旋转体经由制动器可连接至所述传动模块的壳体上,则可阻止所述第一旋转体旋转,第二旋转体连接至所述驱动源,以及第三旋转体连接至所述传动装置,所述另一个旁路传动装置在所述第二旋转体和所述第三旋转体之间设有锁闭离合器。
所述车辆由所述锁闭离合器的滑动闭合,以及通过所述制动器的滑动闭合反向驱动可向前驱动。如果设有变矩器,则通过离合器及制动器可以选择正向或反向的驱动。
进一步地,所述锁闭离合器在驱动过程中还可以用于断开所述传动装置,从而所述支撑装置朝向所述从动轮支撑发动机转矩,如上所述。
而且,电动发电机可被用于变换,所述电动发电机位于所述驱动源和所述第一旋转体之间。
代替变矩器的、具有扭簧的发动机飞轮优选地位于所述驱动源和所述传动装置之间。
为了以恰当的方式改变所述驱动器的输出轴的转动方向(不具有另一个旁路传动装置),所述轴可以连接至车辆的从动轮,根据本发明的驱动器的另一个实施例的特征在于,所述第一减速装置的第一齿轮可与所述传动装置的输出轴断开,并且所述驱动器包括连接至所述传动装置的输出轴的另一个齿轮,并且所述另一个齿轮与连接至所述从动轮的第二减速装置的齿轮互锁。爪形离合器优选地用于换档。应当注意的是,所述实施例还可以用于驱动器中,在所述驱动器中不设有具有支撑装置的旁路传动装置,也不设有与所述传动装置平行的第三减速装置。
所述驱动器的实施例还优选地设有制动器,所述制动器连接至所述传动装置的输出轴或连接至驱动离合器和所述传动装置之间的传动装置的输入轴,所述驱动离合器位于所述驱动源和所述传动装置之间。具有制动器的实施例可以和其它驱动器一起使用,即和不设有具有支撑装置的旁路传动装置的驱动器一起使用。优选地所述制动器连接至所述齿轮手柄,并且如果所述齿轮手柄反向移动,所述齿轮手柄启动所述制动器。这样设置的优点在于驾驶者不用通过脚制动以使所述驱动器反向。
当换档时,为了避免双向作用,例如改变位正向及反向,另一个实施例的特征在于,所述驱动器包括可轴向移动的选择器轴,所述选择器轴设有彼此轴向间隔开的外齿,所述选择器轴可以轴向地移动至齿轮和轴中的中心孔中,所述中心孔设有内齿,这样,所述选择器轴可以将所述齿轮不连接至所述轴,或将所述齿轮中的一个连接至所述轴,但不能将两个或多个都连接至所述轴。在此还应当注意的是,所述实施例可以应用于任何驱动器中,在该驱动器中,如果需要,轴可以随着所述轴上的多个齿轮中的一个齿轮而改变。
本发明还涉及一种可应用于根据本发明的驱动器中的传动模块,其中所述传动模块的输入轴可连接至所述驱动器的驱动源。
附图说明
在下文中,将根据附图更充分地对本发明进行阐述,所述附图中示出了根据本发明的驱动器的实施例。在这些附图中:
图1是示出了根据本发明的驱动器的第一实施例的示意图;
图2是示出了图1中示出的驱动器的实践性布局的平面图;
图3是示出了图2中示出的实践性布局的侧视图;
图4是示出了图1中示出的驱动器的构造的示意图;
图5是详细示出了图4中示出的驱动器的实践性实施例的选择器轴的示意图;
图6是示出了根据本发明的驱动器的第二实施例的示意图;
图7是示出了图6中示出的驱动器的实践性布局的平面图;
图8是示出了根据本发明的驱动器的第三实施例的示意图;
图9是示出了图8中示出的驱动器的实践性布局的平面图;
图10示出了图4所示的构成实施例的另一选择;
图11是示出了根据本发明的驱动器的第四实施例的示意图;
图12示出了图11中示出的驱动器的第一实践性布局;
图13示出了图11中示出的驱动器的第二实践性布局;
图14是示出了图12中示出的第一实践性布局的构造的示意图;
图15是示出了图13中示出的第二实践性布局的构造的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1和图2是分别示出了根据本发明的驱动器的第一实施例的平面图和侧视图,图3示出了所述驱动器的实践性布局的横截面。驱动器1由驱动源3和传动模块5组成。所述传动模块5具有经由轴离合器k1连接至所述驱动源3的输入轴4、和经由轴离合器k2连接至车辆从动轮L的输出轴6,所述从动轮L在图1中由矩形示意性地表示。所述传动模块5包括旁路传动装置7,其具有相连接的用于支撑转矩的支撑装置9;传动装置11;变矩器13;和几个离合器15、17;以及减速装置R1、R2、R3。
所述旁路传动装置7具有三个旋转体c、a、s,并且所述旁路传动装置7形成为行星齿轮,其中的第一旋转体c由行星齿轮架形成、第二旋转体a由环形轮形成、以及第三旋转体s由太阳轮形成,在其中,几对行星轮19位于太阳轮s和环形轮a之间,所述行星轮19可旋转地固定至行星齿轮架c。所述第三旋转体s可经由离合器15连接至支撑装置9,所述支撑装置9由飞轮形成。所述第一旋转体c经由变矩器13连接至驱动源3,并经由驱动离合器17连接至所述传动装置11的输入轴21。所述第二旋转体a经由第三减速装置R3和第一减速装置R1最终分别连接至所述传动装置11的输出轴23,所述输出轴23经由第一减速装置R1和第二减速装置R2连接至车辆的从动轮L。
所述传动装置11形成为通常已知的连续可变传动装置。所述变矩器13具有:两个旋转体25、27,在所述两个旋转体25、27之间存在液体;以及第三旋转体29,所述第三旋转体29位于以上两个旋转体25、27之间并经由中间轴承(neutral bearing)31连接至所述传动模块5的壳体33。所述第一旋转体25连接至驱动源3,所述第二旋转体27连接至第一旋转体c。
每个减速装置R1、R2、R3由两个互锁的齿轮35-43形成,其中的第一减速装置R1和第三减速装置R3具有共用的齿轮37。第三减速装置R3的齿轮39由第二旋转体a(环形轮)上的外齿(external toothing)形成,或由固定至第二旋转体a的齿轮形成。第一减速装置R1的传动比i1(所述第一减速装置R1的传动比i1是第一减速装置的输出轴45的转速除以第一减速装置的输入轴的转速或除以传动装置的输出轴23的转速)约等于-0.7。第三减速装置R3的传动比i3(所述第三减速装置R3的传动比i3是第三减速装置的输出轴45的转速除以第三减速装置的输入轴47的转速或除以第二旋转体a的转速)约等于-1。第二减速装置R2的传动比i2(所述第二减速装置R2的传动比i2是第二减速装置的输出轴的转速,或传动模块5的输出轴6的转速除以第二减速装置的输入轴的转速,或第一减速装置的输出轴45的转速)约等于-0.3。行星齿轮的传动比(所述行星齿轮的传动比为环形轮和太阳轮的齿数比)等于或约等于-2.7。此处的负号表示太阳轮经由一对行星轮而非单个行星轮连接至环形轮。
所述驱动器的反向传动装置由另一齿轮51形成,所述另一齿轮51经由离合器53连接至传动装置11的输出轴23,并且所述另一齿轮51与第二减速装置R2的齿轮43互锁。因此,连接至传动装置11的输出轴23的第二减速装置的齿轮35经由离合器55可与输出轴23断开。
如果车辆是静止的可以仅仅接合反向装置。对于已知的车辆而言,制动踏板必须被压下以接合反向装置。而对于具有制动器B(见图1)的车辆而言,不必压下该制动踏板,当齿轮手柄11移动到向反位置时,所述制动器B由齿轮手柄11操作。所述制动器B连接至传动装置11的输入轴21或输出轴23。
图4示出了图2和图3中示出的驱动器1的布局的构造。所有具有相似作用的部件由相同的附图标记表示。图5示出了离合器53和55的详细构造,所述离合器53和55用于将轴23或是连接至齿轮51或是连接至齿轮35,或者与所述齿轮51和35均不连接,但是在任何情况下轴23不会同时与所述齿轮51和35都连接,(在图4中以V表示)。驱动器1的离合器53和55具有可轴向移动的选择器轴57,所述选择器轴57设有彼此轴向间隔开的外齿57a、57b。所述选择器轴57通过在齿轮35和51以及轴23上的中心孔而轴向移动。所述孔设有内齿35a、51a、和23a。
图6和图7分别是示出了根据本发明的驱动器81的第二实施例的实践性布局的示意图和平面图。驱动器81和传动模块83的所有与上述第一实施例的部件相同的部件由相同的附图标记来表示。
在驱动器81的该实施例中,传动装置11的输出轴23并不是经由第一减速装置的第二齿轮,而是经由第一减速装置R1的第一齿轮35连接至旁路传动装置7的第二旋转体c。所述第一齿轮35还形成第三减速装置R3的齿轮,所述第三减速装置R3的另一个齿轮85经由中间轴87连接至第四减速装置R4的齿轮89,所述第四减速装置R4的另一个齿轮91连接至第二旋转体c。此处的中间轴87由两个部分轴(part-shaft)组成,所述两个部分轴经由分离装置93可断开。
图8和图9分别是示出了根据本发明的驱动器95的第三实施例的实践性布局的示意图和平面图。驱动器95和传动模块97的所有与上述第二实施例的部件相同的部件由相同的附图标记来表示。
在驱动器95的该实施例中,所述传动装置11的输出轴23并不是经由第一减速装置的第二齿轮,而是经由第二减速装置R2的第二齿轮43连接至旁路传动装置7的第二旋转体c。所述第二齿轮43还形成第三减速装置R3的齿轮,所述第三减速装置R3的另一个齿轮85经由中间轴87连接至第四减速装置R4的齿轮89,所述第四减速装置R4的另一个齿轮91连接至第二旋转体c。此处的中间轴87由两个部分轴组成,所述两个部分轴经由分离装置93可断开。
传动模块5的输入轴4还可以不经由轴离合器k1直接连接至驱动源3,且所述传动模块的输出轴6可以不经由轴离合器k2直接连接至从动轮L。此外,图1至图4中示出的驱动器中的变矩器还可以由具有扭簧99的发动机飞轮98来替换,参见图10,图10示出了图4所示的构成实施例的另一选择。
图11是示出了根据本发明的驱动器的第四实施例的示意图。驱动器101和传动模块103的所有与上述的第三实施例的部件相同的部件由相同的附图标记来表示。正如图6中示出的第三实施例,传动装置11的输出轴23经由第一减速装置R1的第一齿轮35,而且经由第四减速装置R4连接至第二旋转体c。第一减速装置R1的第一齿轮35在此还形成第三减速装置R3的其中一个齿轮。然而,与第二实施例的情形相反,第三减速装置R3的另一个齿轮105在此还形成第四减速装置R4的第一齿轮。第四减速装置R4的另一个齿轮107固定至第二旋转体c。在飞轮9和第三旋转体s之间具有额外的离合器109以能够释放飞轮9。由边界111表示的模块在此形成附加模块,所述附加模块可以添加至现有的驱动器,所述驱动器仅仅需要简单地调整。
图12和图13是图11中示出的驱动器的两种不同的实践性布局101a和101b。两种布局101a和101b之间的区别在于,飞轮9和第三旋转体s之间的额外离合器109的位置。图14和图15最后示出了两种实践性布局101a和101b的构成的实施例。
尽管在上文中,根据附图对本发明进行了解释,然而应当注意本发明并不限于附图所示出的实施例。本发明还扩展至所有偏离附图所示出的实施例但落入权利要求限定的范围内。
Claims (21)
1.一种用于车辆的驱动器,所述驱动器包括驱动源和传动模块,所述传动模块设有连接至所述驱动源的输入轴、和连接至车辆从动轮的输出轴,所述传动模块包括:用于支撑转矩的支撑装置、和具有输入轴和输出轴的传动装置、以及具有至少三个旋转体的旁路传动装置,所述至少三个旋转体中的第一旋转体连接至所述驱动源,所述至少三个旋转体中的第二旋转体能连接至车辆的所述从动轮,以及所述至少三个旋转体中的第三旋转体连接至所述支撑装置,所述传动装置与旁路传动装置平行,所述传动装置的输入轴连接至该第一旋转体,而所述传动装置的输出轴连接至该第二旋转体,其特征在于,所述传动装置的输出轴能经由第一减速装置和第二减速装置连接至车辆的所述从动轮,并且所述传动装置的输出轴经由第三减速装置连接至所述第二旋转体,所述第三减速装置由所述第一减速装置或所述第二减速装置的一个齿轮和与所述齿轮互锁的另一个齿轮形成,其中所述第一减速装置的齿轮由第一齿轮和第二齿轮形成,所述第一齿轮连接至所述传动装置的输出轴,所述第二齿轮连接至所述第二减速装置的第一齿轮,所述第二减速装置的第二齿轮连接至所述从动轮。
2.如权利要求1所述的驱动器,其特征在于,所述传动装置的输出轴经由所述第一减速装置的第二齿轮连接至所述第二旋转体。
3.如权利要求1所述的驱动器,其特征在于,所述传动装置的输出轴经由所述第一减速装置的第一齿轮而且经由第四减速装置连接至所述第二旋转体。
4.如权利要求3所述的驱动器,其特征在于,所述第三减速装置的另一个齿轮和所述第四减速装置的其中一个齿轮一起位于中间轴上。
5.如权利要求3所述的驱动器,其特征在于,所述第三减速装置的另一个齿轮还形成所述第四减速装置的第一齿轮。
6.如权利要求1所述的驱动器,其特征在于,所述传动装置的输出轴经由所述第二减速装置的第二齿轮而且经由第四减速装置连接至所述第二旋转体,其中所述第三减速装置的另一个齿轮和所述第四减速装置的其中一个齿轮一起位于中间轴上。
7.如权利要求3至6中任一项所述的驱动器,其特征在于,所述连接轴或所述中间轴由两个部分轴组成,所述两个部分轴经由分离装置彼此能断开。
8.如前述权利要求中的任一项所述的驱动器,其特征在于,在位于所述传动装置的输入轴和所述第一旋转体之间的连接线的部分中设有离合器,所述离合器并不位于所述驱动源和所述第一旋转体之间的连接线中。
9.如前述权利要求中的任一项所述的驱动器,其特征在于,所述支撑装置包含质量惯性体。
10.如前述权利要求中的任一项所述的驱动器,其特征在于,所述支撑装置包括电动发电机。
11.如权利要求9或10所述的驱动器,其特征在于,在所述支撑装置和所述第三旋转体之间设有额外的离合器。
12.如权利要求11所述的驱动器,其特征在于,所述额外的离合器和/或用于所述额外的离合器的驱动单元构造为:在所述第三旋转体反向旋转的条件下,所述额外的离合器自动地接合或断开。
13.如前述权利要求中的任一项所述的驱动器,其特征在于,在所述驱动源和所述传动装置之间设有诸如变矩器的变换件。
14.如权利要求1至12中的任一项所述的驱动器,其特征在于,在所述驱动源和具有至少三个旋转体的传动装置之间设有另一个旁路传动装置,所述至少三个旋转体中的第一旋转体例如在经由制动器连接至所述传动模块的壳体上的状态下,所述第一旋转体的旋转被阻止,所述至少三个旋转体中的第二旋转体连接至所述驱动源,且所述至少三个旋转体中的第三旋转体连接至所述传动装置,所述另一个旁路传动装置设有位于所述第二旋转体和所述第三旋转体之间的锁闭离合器。
15.如前述权利要求中的任一项所述的驱动器,其特征在于,在所述驱动源和所述传动装置之间设有电动发电机。
16.如前述权利要求中的任一项所述的驱动器,其特征在于,在所述驱动源和所述传动装置之间设有具有扭簧的发动机飞轮。
17.如前述权利要求中的任一项所述的驱动器,其特征在于,所述第一减速装置的第一齿轮能与所述传动装置的输出轴断开,并且所述驱动器包括连接至所述传动装置的输出轴的另一个齿轮,并且所述另一个齿轮与连接至所述从动轮的第二减速装置的齿轮互锁。
18.如权利要求17所述的驱动器,其特征在于,所述驱动器还包括:驱动离合器,其位于所述驱动源和所述传动装置之间;以及制动器,其连接至所述传动装置的输出轴或连接至所述驱动离合器和所述传动装置之间的传动装置的输入轴。
19.如权利要求18所述的驱动器,其特征在于,所述制动器连接至齿轮手柄,并且在所述齿轮手柄反向移动的条件下,所述制动器由所述齿轮手柄启动。
20.如前述权利要求中的任一项所述的驱动器,其特征在于,所述驱动器包括能轴向移动的选择器轴,所述选择器轴设有彼此轴向间隔开的外齿,所述选择器轴能轴向地移动至齿轮和轴的中心孔中,所述中心孔设有内齿,从而所述选择器轴能将所述齿轮不连接至所述轴,或将所述齿轮中一个连接至所述轴,但不能将两个或多个上述齿轮都连接至所述轴。
21.一种传动模块,其能用于如前述权利要求中的任一项所述的驱动器中,其中所述传动模块的输入轴能连接至所述驱动器的驱动源。
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CN107020948A (zh) * | 2016-02-01 | 2017-08-08 | 熵零控股股份有限公司 | 一种动力*** |
CN106853767A (zh) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-06-16 | 电子科技大学 | 一种油‑电‑飞轮混合动力驱动***及驱动方法 |
CN110056585A (zh) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-07-26 | 刘冶光 | 汽车制动蓄能装置 |
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KR101277027B1 (ko) | 2013-06-24 |
WO2006043812A3 (en) | 2006-10-12 |
WO2006043812A2 (en) | 2006-04-27 |
JP5086088B2 (ja) | 2012-11-28 |
KR20070084329A (ko) | 2007-08-24 |
EP1819544A2 (en) | 2007-08-22 |
CN101061013B (zh) | 2010-10-13 |
US20070219038A1 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
JP2008516848A (ja) | 2008-05-22 |
EP1819544B1 (en) | 2019-11-13 |
US7967714B2 (en) | 2011-06-28 |
NL1028800C2 (nl) | 2006-04-24 |
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