CN101022841A - 注射装置 - Google Patents

注射装置 Download PDF

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CN101022841A
CN101022841A CNA2005800231077A CN200580023107A CN101022841A CN 101022841 A CN101022841 A CN 101022841A CN A2005800231077 A CNA2005800231077 A CN A2005800231077A CN 200580023107 A CN200580023107 A CN 200580023107A CN 101022841 A CN101022841 A CN 101022841A
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奈杰尔·哈里森
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    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种注射装置(110)，其具有容纳带有针(118)的注射器(114)的外壳(112)，其中注射器支撑在注射器承载器(150)中。注射器和注射器承载器由复位弹簧(126)从延伸位置偏压到回缩位置，在所述延伸位置中针(118)从外壳(112)延伸穿过出口孔(128)，在所述回缩位置中其不能伸出。驱动弹簧(130)借助驱动器起作用，使注射器从其回缩位置行进到其延伸位置，并通过针排出其中的内容物，当驱动器已经到达标定回复位置时起作用的复位弹簧使注射器恢复到其回缩位置。

Description

注射装置
技术领域
本发明涉及这样一种类型的注射装置：其容纳注射器，使注射器延伸，排出注射器中的内容物并使注射器自动回缩。
背景技术
在WO 95/35126和EP-A-0516473中显示了这样一种装置，所述装置一般采用驱动弹簧和某些形式的释放机构，所述释放机构一旦推定注射器的内容物已经被排出时解除驱动弹簧的作用，以便通过复位弹簧缩回注射器。
通常，所述注射装置需要与最初设计为手动使用的预填充的玻璃注射器一起工作。所述玻璃注射器在其基部具有凸缘，以允许使用者握持注射器。由驱动弹簧产生的很大的力被施加到注射器的活塞。该力经凸缘被传递到外壳和复位弹簧。凸缘不是精密模制的，因而具有较低的制造公差。这些凸缘不够平坦或者一致，因而不能用作令人满意的注射器支撑部件，因为驱动弹簧的力经过它们传递到外壳和复位弹簧。
在实践中，已经观察到当采用驱动弹簧并且经注射器的活塞将由驱动弹簧产生的力施加给凸缘时，这些凸缘失效。特别是，已经观察到这些凸缘从注射器上破裂，导致注射器主体被从注射装置的前面推进，并且整个针***进使用者体内。因此，当使注射装置离开使用者的身体时，留下了完全破碎的注射器从使用者的身体上悬垂。这无疑是非常危险的，因为留在使用者身上的是从身体悬垂的破碎注射器以及相应的破碎的玻璃。而且使用者也没有使用正确剂量的药物。当然，这样的注射器失败对任何使用者而言都是令人不愉快的，特别是那些神经质的使用者。
发明内容
设计本发明的注射装置来处理这些问题。
根据本发明的注射装置包括：
外壳，其适于容纳具有较宽的容器部分和较窄的排放嘴的注射器，注射器可在回缩位置和延伸位置之间运动，在所述回缩位置中排放嘴容纳在外壳中，在所述延伸位置中排放嘴通过出口孔从外壳中伸出；
驱动器，其作用于注射器，使其从回缩位置行进到延伸位置并通过排放嘴排出其中的内容物；和
注射器承载器，当注射器行进时用于对其进行支撑并限制其行进超过其延伸位置，其中该注射器承载器适于在容器部分和排放嘴之间支撑该注射器。
所述注射器承载器可提供注射器和外壳之间的界面。
所述注射器承载器可包括环形夹套，该环形夹套具有比注射器的容器部分的外径小的内径。该环形夹套可适于在容器部分和排放嘴之间支撑注射器。所述环形夹套可以是***式(split)的环形夹套。
所述注射器承载器还可包括围绕注射器的容器部分的护套，其具有沿着其长度的第一内径，并且还具有第一末端，所述第一末端具有比第一内径小的第二内径，护套的第一末端适于在容器部分和排放嘴之间支撑注射器。所述护套可以是***式的。
通过使用注射器承载器在靠近其第一末端处支撑注射器，由驱动弹簧施加到外壳上的任何力借助注射器的第一末端被传递到外壳。没有借助注射器的任何凸缘传递力。已经发现，注射器的第一末端比注射器的凸缘更坚固，不易于破裂。特别是，已经进行了试验，其中将冲击载荷施加到已填充的注射器的活塞上。在注射器被支撑在凸缘下面的橡胶缓冲垫中的试验中，下降50mm的1.6kg的质量几乎总是导致注射器破裂。在注射器被支撑在注射器的末端下面最接近排放嘴的锥形夹套上的试验中，注射器几乎总能承受下降75mm的相同质量。总的来说，当注射器被支撑在注射器的末端下面最接近排放嘴的锥形夹套上时，多次撞击才会导致破裂。
通过在靠近其第一末端处用注射器承载器围绕注射器，如果注射器确实受到损坏，其将不会从装置的末端被推出，因为其不能经过注射器承载器的具有缩小的直径的部分。
通过提供***式的护套，注射器可通过护套的裂口***到注射器承载器中。总的来说，注射器设有覆盖排放嘴的保护罩。该保护罩通常具有比注射器主体的直径大的直径。通过提供***式的护套，注射器可***护套中，而不需要将保护罩从注射器上移除。这是有利地，因为在使用注射装置之前需要注射器的排放嘴尽可能保持无菌。
注射装置还可包括用于将注射器从延伸位置偏压到回缩位置的偏压部件和承载用于偏压注射器的部件的支撑件。注射器承载器还可包括用于抵靠支撑件支承的部件。该用于支承的部件可包括具有比注射器承载器的位于支承部件和排放嘴之间的任何部分的外径大的外径的部分。
所述注射器承载器还可包括倾斜表面，并且支撑件还可包括对应的锁定表面，其中倾斜表面适于与锁定表面连通，从而相对于支撑件锁定注射器承载器。
该注射装置还可包括驱动元件，并且注射器承载器还可包括环形部分，其适于用作释放机构的部分，并且其与驱动元件连接以便将驱动元件与驱动器断开，并允许复位弹簧将注射器从其延伸位置运动到其回缩位置。
附图说明
现在将参照附图通过例子对本发明进行说明，其中：
图1显示了根据本发明的注射装置的剖视图；以及
图2显示了在图1中显示的注射装置的放大部分。
图3从第一方向显示了在本发明中使用的注射器承载器的透视图；
图4从第二方向显示了图3的注射器承载器的透视图。
具体实施方式
图1和2显示了具有注射装置外壳112的注射装置110。外壳112的末端具有出口窗孔128，套筒119的末端可经过该出口窗孔显现。
外壳112容纳传统类型的皮下注射器114，该皮下注射器114包括限定了容器并且一端终止于皮下注射针118、另一端终止于凸缘120中的注射器主体116。注射器主体116的直径沿着容器的长度大体上恒定，并在靠近注射器的终止于皮下注射针中的一端具有明显更小的直径。驱动元件134通过注射器的塞子起作用，将注射器114中的内容物通过针118排出。该驱动元件134将待注射的药物124限制在由注射器主体116限定的容器内。尽管所示的注射器为皮下类型，但不是必须如此。经皮或者射皮或者皮下注射器也可与本发明的注射装置一起使用。
如图所示，注射器容纳在注射器承载器150中。在图3和4中最清楚地显示了注射器承载器。注射器承载器150具有直径减小的第一末端151。注射器承载器的第一末端151支撑注射器114的最接近皮下注射针的末端。靠近注射器承载器150的另一端设置一对倾斜的突起152。这对倾斜的突起152与复位弹簧支撑件160上的对应的一对锁定窗孔相关联，使注射器承载器150不能相对于复位弹簧支撑件160运动。注射器承载器150还包括靠近其第二末端的支承面153，借助复位弹簧126抵靠该支承面153偏压复位弹簧支撑件160的相应支承面。复位弹簧126借助复位弹簧支撑件160和注射器承载器150将注射器114从延伸位置偏压到回缩位置，在所述延伸位置中针118从外壳112中的窗孔128伸出，在所述回缩位置中针118容纳在外壳112中。
注射器承载器150包括可沿着其长度里***的护套154，使注射器114可夹在注射器承载器150中。注射器114设有保护罩(未显示)。通过提供***式护套154形式的注射器承载器150，注射器114可***到注射器承载器150中，并进而***到注射装置110中，而不需要将保护罩从注射器114移除。此外，如果注射器失效或者破裂，沿着注射器长度基本上围绕注射器114的护套154可容纳注射器碎片，减小它们从注射装置中逃逸的可能性。
外壳还设有被偏压到与复位弹簧支撑件161上的锁定表面163接合的位置中的弹性闩锁构件163。在与锁定表面163接合之前，闩锁构件161还延伸穿过套筒119中的闩锁开口165。闩锁构件161包括倾斜表面167，闩锁开口165的边缘以凸轮作用于凸轮随动件的方式抵靠该倾斜表面动作。
外壳还包括致动器和在这里采取压缩驱动弹簧130的形式的驱动器。来自驱动弹簧130的驱动借助多构件驱动器传递到注射器114的活塞，使注射器从其回缩位置行进到其延伸位置并通过针118排出其中的内容物。驱动器通过直接作用于药物124和注射器114上完成这种任务。驱动器元件134和注射器主体116之间的静摩擦力最初确保了它们一起行进，直到复位弹簧126降到最低点或者注射器主体116遇到阻止其运动的一些其它障碍物(未显示)。
驱动弹簧130和注射器114之间的多构件驱动器包括三个主要部件。驱动套筒113从驱动弹簧130获得驱动并将其传递到第一驱动元件132。其转而将驱动传递到已经提及的第二驱动元件134。
第一驱动元件132包括中空的杆140，其内腔形成收集室142，该收集室142与从收集室开始延伸穿过杆140的末端的孔144连通。第二驱动元件134包括盲膛孔146，其一端打开以容纳杆140，另一端封闭。如图所示，膛孔146和杆140限定了流体容器148，该流体容器148中容纳有减振液。
在外壳112上远离出口孔128设置触发器(未显示)。当操作时该触发器用于使驱动套筒131与外壳112脱离，允许其在驱动弹簧130的作用下相对于外壳112运动。所述装置的操作如下。
最初，通过弹性闩锁构件161阻止复位弹簧承载器152的运动，从而阻止注射器承载器150和注射器114的运动。通过沿着进入外壳112的方向使套筒119运动，闩锁开口165的边缘与闩锁构件161的倾斜表面167接触，引起闩锁构件161向外运动，从而与复位弹簧支撑件160脱离接合。一旦闩锁构件161与锁定表面163脱离接合，注射器就可***。
然后压下致动器并释放驱动弹簧130。驱动弹簧130使驱动套筒131运动，驱动套筒131使第一驱动元件132运动，第一驱动元件132使第二驱动元件134运动。第二驱动元件134运动，并借助于通过待注射的药物124作用的静摩擦力和静水压力，抵抗复位弹簧126的作用使注射器主体114运动。注射器主体114使注射器承载器150运动，注射器承载器150又使复位弹簧支撑件160运动并压缩复位弹簧126。皮下注射针118从外壳112的出口孔128显现。这一直持续到复位弹簧126降到最低点或者注射器主体116遇到阻碍其运动的其它障碍物(未显示)。由于第二驱动元件134和注射器主体116之间的静摩擦力和通过待注射的药物124起作用的静水压力不足以抵消由驱动弹簧130产生的全部驱动力，在该点第二驱动元件134开始在注射器主体116内部运动，药物124开始被排出。但是，第二驱动元件134和注射器主体116之间的动摩擦力和通过待注射的药物124起作用的静水压力足以将复位弹簧126保持在其压缩状态，于是使皮下注射针118保持延伸。
在第二驱动元件134到达其在注射器主体116中的行程末端之前，在注射器中的内容物完全排出之前，连接第一和第二驱动元件132、134的柔性闩锁臂到达在外壳112内的变窄部分，该变窄部分由在注射器承载器的最靠近注射器114的凸缘120的末端处的环形部分155形成。该变窄部分使柔性闩锁臂运动到它们不再使第一驱动元件132与第二驱动元件134连接的位置。一旦这种情况发生，第一驱动元件132不再作用于第二驱动元件134上，从而允许第一驱动元件132相对于第二驱动元件134运动。
由于减振液容纳在位于第一驱动元件132的末端和第二驱动元件134中的盲膛孔146之间的容器148中，当第一驱动元件132受到驱动弹簧130的作用相对于第二驱动元件134运动时，容器148的容积将减小。当容器148收缩时，减振液被迫通过孔144进入到收集室142中。因此，一旦柔性闩锁臂已被释放，由驱动弹簧130施加的一部分力作用于减振液，导致其流进由孔144形成的变窄部分；剩余的力通过流体的静水压力以及第一和第二驱动元件132、134之间的摩擦力起作用，并由此经第二驱动元件134起作用。因此，第二驱动元件134在注射器主体116内继续运动，药物124继续被排出。与减振液的流动有关的损耗不会使作用在注射器主体上的力在很大程度上衰减。因此，复位弹簧126保持被压缩，皮下注射针保持延伸。
一段时间之后，第二驱动元件134在注射器主体116中完成其行程并不再前进。在这一刻，注射器114的内容物完全排出，由驱动弹簧130施加的力用于将第二驱动元件134保持在其终止位置并持续引起减振液流过孔144，从而允许第一驱动元件132继续其运动。
在容器148中的流体耗尽之前，连接驱动套筒131与第一驱动元件132的柔性闩锁臂133到达外壳112内的另一个变窄部分。该变窄部分使柔性闩锁臂运动，使它们不再将驱动套筒131与第一驱动元件132连接在一起。一旦这种情况发生，驱动套筒131就不再作用于第一驱动元件132上，允许它们彼此相对运动。在这一点，驱动弹簧130产生的力不再被传递到注射器114。作用在注射器上的力仅仅是来自复位弹簧126的回复力，该复位弹簧126借助复位弹簧支撑件160和注射器承载器150作用于注射器114的最接近针118的末端上。因此，注射器返回到其回缩位置，注射循环完成。

Claims (13)

1、一种注射装置，其包括：
外壳，其适于容纳具有较宽的容器部分和较窄的排放嘴的注射器，注射器可在回缩位置和延伸位置之间运动，在所述回缩位置中排放嘴容纳在外壳中，在所述延伸位置中排放嘴通过出口孔从外壳中伸出；
驱动器，其作用于注射器，使其从回缩位置行进到延伸位置并通过排放嘴排出其中的内容物；以及
注射器承载器，当注射器行进时用于对其进行承载并限制其行进超过其延伸位置，其中该注射器承载器适于在容器部分和排放嘴之间支撑该注射器。
2、根据权利要求1所述的注射装置，其中，所述注射器承载器提供注射器和外壳之间的界面。
3、根据权利要求1或2所述的注射装置，其中，所述注射器承载器包括环形夹套，该环形夹套具有比注射器的容器部分的外径小的内径，其中环形夹套适于在容器部分和排放嘴之间支撑注射器。
4、根据权利要求3所述的注射装置，其中，所述环形夹套是***式的环形夹套。
5、根据前述任一项权利要求所述的注射装置，其中，所述注射器承载器包括围绕注射器的容器部分的护套，其中所述护套具有沿着其长度的第一内径和具有第二内径的第一末端，所述第二内径比第一内径小，使得护套的第一末端适于在容器部分和排放嘴之间支撑注射器。
6、根据权利要求5所述的注射装置，其中，所述护套是沿着其长度***的。
7、根据前述任一项权利要求所述的注射装置，还包括用于将注射器从延伸位置偏压到回缩位置的部件。
8、根据权利要求7所述的注射装置，还包括用于承载偏压注射器的部件的支撑件。
9、根据权利要求8所述的注射装置，其中，所述注射器承载器还包括用于抵靠支撑件进行支承的部件。
10、根据权利要求9所述的注射装置，其中，所述支承用部件包括具有其外径比注射器承载器的位于支承用部件和排放嘴之间的任何部分的外径大的部分。
11、根据权利要求8到10中任意一项所述的注射装置，其中，所述注射器承载器还包括倾斜表面，支撑件还包括相应的锁定表面，其中倾斜表面适于与锁定表面相关联，从而相对于支撑件锁定注射器承载器。
12、根据权利要求7到11中任意一项所述的注射装置，还包括驱动元件，其中注射器承载器还包括环形部分，该环形部分适于用作释放机构的部分，并且其与驱动元件连接以便将驱动元件与驱动器断开。
13、一种注射装置，其大体上如前面参照附图的描述和附图所示。
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