CN100509948C - 可与pvdf共挤出且在应力下没有发白现象的组合物 - Google Patents
可与pvdf共挤出且在应力下没有发白现象的组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN100509948C CN100509948C CNB2005100600942A CN200510060094A CN100509948C CN 100509948 C CN100509948 C CN 100509948C CN B2005100600942 A CNB2005100600942 A CN B2005100600942A CN 200510060094 A CN200510060094 A CN 200510060094A CN 100509948 C CN100509948 C CN 100509948C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- pvdf
- poly
- vinylidene fluoride
- layer
- film
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- -1 poly(vinylidene fluoride) Polymers 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical group CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WDQMWEYDKDCEHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical group CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C(C)=C WDQMWEYDKDCEHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims 8
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- OLFNXLXEGXRUOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-bis(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)phenol Chemical compound C=1C(N2N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 OLFNXLXEGXRUOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical group C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrifluoroethylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)Cl UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920005482 Oroglas® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoroethene Chemical group FC=C(F)F MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WECIKJKLCDCIMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-n-(2-cyanoethyl)acetamide Chemical compound ClCC(=O)NCCC#N WECIKJKLCDCIMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCILGMFPJBRCNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenyl-2H-benzotriazol-5-ol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C2NN=NC2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZCILGMFPJBRCNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004433 Thermoplastic polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004534 cecum Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- MLRCQIICAYVJHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-but-1-enoxybut-1-ene Chemical compound CCC=COC=CCC MLRCQIICAYVJHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001634 Copolyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000219 Ethylene vinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006370 Kynar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920007478 Kynar® 740 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002614 Polyether block amide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000800 acrylic rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UFRKOOWSQGXVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;ethenol Chemical compound C=C.OC=C UFRKOOWSQGXVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004715 ethylene vinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethene Chemical compound FC=C XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004817 pentamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- VPRUMANMDWQMNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylethane boronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 VPRUMANMDWQMNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006149 polyester-amide block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl ethylene Natural products CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003987 resole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000428 triblock copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006305 unsaturated polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006337 unsaturated polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
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- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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- B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
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- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/304—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
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- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/308—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising acrylic (co)polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08L27/16—Homopolymers or copolymers or vinylidene fluoride
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C08L33/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
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- C08K5/13—Phenols; Phenolates
- C08K5/132—Phenols containing keto groups, e.g. benzophenones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
- C08K5/3467—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having more than two nitrogen atoms in the ring
- C08K5/3472—Five-membered rings
- C08K5/3475—Five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Adhesive Tapes (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及可与PVDF共挤出的组合物，该组合物含有：30-50份PVDF；70-50份共聚物(A)，它含有以重量计对于10-50%(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯分别为90-50%甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)，该烷基有2-24个碳原子；1-4份UV吸收剂；总量是100份。本发明还涉及下述组分的共挤出薄膜：一层上述可共挤出组合物(也称之粘合剂层)，它直接与下面的层连接，一层PVDF基层，它含有对于50-0份PMMA分别为50-100份PVDF作为主组分(简化起见，这层也称之“PVDF层”)。这些薄膜的机械强度足以允许人们对其进行处理，加工和将它们用作可见光透明而UV辐射不透明的涂层。这种粘合剂层组合物基于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯与软的丙烯酸酯共聚合能得到一种粘结剂配方，这种配方兼顾了薄膜透明性、良好的机械稳定性，以及受到严重变形时不发白这几个性能。
Description
技术领域
PVDF(聚偏二氟乙烯)因为具有非常好的耐候性、抗辐射性和耐化学性而用于保护物品或材料。此外，人们对其具有光泽外观和耐涂画性能给予好评。因此，人们就用PVDF薄膜覆盖各种种类的基材。但是，PVDF在大多数基材上粘附都很差，因此需要在PVDF与基材之间放置粘合剂组合物。本发明涉及这种组合物。
有利地，这种组合物与PVDF共挤出形成双层薄膜，然后例如采用热压方法将这种薄膜固定在基材上。还可以把这种双层薄膜放到模具中，挨着模具壁放置PVDF层，再将熔融态基材注入这个模具中。根据基材性质，还可以让PVDF、粘合剂组合物和基材共挤出，直接得到PVDF覆盖的基材，该粘合剂组合物是在PVDF与基材之间。
背景技术
PVDF/粘合剂组合物双层薄膜在固定在基材上之前有时应该折叠或拉伸。在放入模具之前有时也应该折叠或拉伸，再往该模具注入基材。根据另一种可能性，该基材一旦涂敷有时就应该折叠。这种折叠或拉伸可引起发白。
现有技术已经描述了使用PVDF薄膜覆盖基材，但从未提到发白问题。
专利GB 1 578 517描述了用PVDF薄膜覆盖ABS，聚氨酯层可以置于PVDF与ABS之间。
专利US 4 226 904描述了用PVDF薄膜覆盖的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)。为了改善这种粘附性，在PVDF薄膜上沉积一种PMMA在二甲基甲酰胺中的溶液，在蒸去溶剂后，将PVDF薄膜压在PMMA上。
专利US 4 415 519描述了用PVDF薄膜覆盖的用ABS或PVC制成的基材。粘合剂置于PVDF与基材之间。这种粘合剂或者可以是PMMA，或者以重量计40％PMMA、30％PVDF和30％ABS的混合物，或者以重量计30％PMMA、40％聚丙烯酸衍生物和30％ABS的混合物。
专利US 4 364 886描述了用PVDF薄膜覆盖的用ABS或不饱和聚酯制成的基材，粘合剂置于PVDF与基材之间。这种粘合剂是以重量计30％PMMA、40％丙烯酸弹体和30％ABS的混合物。
专利US 5 242 976描述了一种可与PVDF共挤出的组合物，使其PVDF粘附在基材上。该组合物是以重量计27-50％PMMA、17.5-36.5％PVDF和25-47.45％丙烯酸弹体的混合物。
在上面提到的所有这些现有技术中，没有提到在粘合剂组合物中的抗UV添加剂。
专利EP 7 334 75B1描述了PVDF覆盖的基材，该结构相继地包括基材、粘合剂层、使其对UV和可见光辐射不透明的PVDF层，和PVDF层。往PVDF添加一种选自金属氧化物、颜料和二苯甲酮的产品时，可得到不透明的PVDF层。这些实施例只是说明了添加15重量％氧化锌的PVDF。
专利US 5 256 472描述了包括第一层和第二层的双层薄膜，第一层主要由PVDF和少量PMMA构成，第二层用于保证在基材上的粘附作用。这个粘合剂层是由以重量计50-95(优选地70-90)份PMMA、5-50(优选地10-30)份PVDF和0.1-15份UV吸收剂构成的。说明了需要有UV吸收剂是因为这个粘合剂层对辐射很敏感，还说明了如果没有UV吸收剂时，这时该粘合剂会受到破坏，主要由PVDF构成的层还会与基材剥离。这种PMMA表示甲基丙烯酸甲酯均聚物，或甲基丙烯酸甲酯与可共聚合单体的共聚物，还表示与丙烯酸酯橡胶的混合物，但没有详细说明PMMA与橡胶的比例。还详细说明了如果PMMA比例低于50份时，有一种抗UV的渗出作用。但这个文件没有详细说明这种渗出作用有损于薄膜的透明性，尤其会引起剥离。
专利EP 1 382 640描述了一种可与PVDF共挤出的组合物，该组合物含有20-40份PVDF、40-60份PMMA、5-18份丙烯酸弹体、1-4份UV吸收剂，总量是100份。该专利还描述了共挤出薄膜，它们构成如下：
·一层上述可共挤出组合物(也称之粘合剂层)，它直接与下面层连接，
·一层PVDF基层，它含有对于50-0份PMMA分别为50-100份PVDF作为主组分(简化起见，这层也称之“PVDF层”)。
在现有技术中，从未提到兼顾透明性、机械性能，尤其是得到物品折叠时不发白这些性能的问题。现在发现一种可与PVDF共挤出的组合物，它是软的、透明的，以及该薄膜折叠或拉伸时无任何发白现象，并且极好兼顾了断裂伸长率、透明性和UV保护作用这几个性能。
本发明内容
本发明涉及一种可与PVDF共挤出的组合物，该组合物含有：
·30-50份PVDF，
·70-50份共聚物(A)，它含有以重量计对于10-50％(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯分别为90-50％甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)，该烷基有2-24个碳原子，
·1-4份UV吸收剂，
·总量是100份。
本发明还涉及下述组分共挤出的薄膜：
·一层上述可共挤出组合物(也称之为粘合剂层)，它直接与下面层连接，
·一层PVDF基层，它含有对于50-0份PMMA分别为50-100份PVDF作为主组分(简化起见，这层也称之为“PVDF层”)。
根据本发明的第二个方式，PVDF层为两层形式：
·挨着可共挤出层放置的一层，该层含有对于50-10份PMMA分别为50-90份PVDF作为主组分，
·另一层(也称外层)，它含有对于25-0份PMMA分别为75-100份PVDF作为主组分。
这些薄膜的机械强度足以允许人们对其进行处理、加工和将它们用作可见光透明而UV辐射不透明的涂层。这种粘合剂层组合物基于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯与软的丙烯酸酯共聚合能得到一种粘结剂配方，这种配方兼顾了薄膜透明性、良好的机械稳定性，以及受到严重变形时不发白这几个性能。
本发明还涉及用这种薄膜覆盖的基材，该共挤出组合物(粘合剂组合物)置于挨着基材。
本发明还涉及这种可与PVDF共挤出的组合物在将PVDF基薄膜粘附在基材上的应用。
关于PVDF，这里PVDF表示偏二氟乙烯(VDF)均聚物，和偏二氟乙烯(VDF)共聚物，共聚物优选地含有至少50重量％VDF和至少一种可与VDF共聚合的其它单体。有利地，该共聚单体是含氟的，它可以选自例如氟乙烯、三氟乙烯(VF3)；氯三氟乙烯(CTFE)；1，2-二氟乙烯；四氟乙烯(TFE)；六氟丙烯(HFP)；全氟(烷基乙烯基)醚，例如全氟(甲基乙烯基)醚(PMVE)、全氟(乙基乙烯基)醚(PEVE)和全氟(丙基乙烯基)醚(PPVE)；全氟(1，3-间二氧杂环戊二烯)；全氟(2，2-二甲基-1，3-间二氧杂环戊二烯)(PDD)。优选地，任选的共聚单体选自氯三氟乙烯(CTFE)；六氟丙烯(HFP)；三氟乙烯(VF3)和四氟乙烯(TFE)。
优选地，PVDF含有以重量计至少50％VDF，更优选地至少75％，更好地至少85％。该共聚单体有利地是HFP。
有利地，PVDF的粘度是100-2000Pa.s，该粘度是使用毛细管流变仪在剪切梯度100s-1下于230℃测定的。事实上，这些PVDF非常适合于挤塑和注塑。优选地，该PVDF的粘度是300-1200Pa.s，该粘度是使用毛细管流变仪在剪切梯度100s-1下于230℃测定的。
关于共聚物(A)，有利地，它含有以重量计对于15-30％(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯分别为85-70％甲基丙烯酸甲酯，该烷基有2-24个碳原子。优选地，它含有以重量计对于20-30％(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯分别为80-70％甲基丙烯酸甲酯，该烷基有2-24个碳原子。作为(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯实例，该烷基有2-24个碳原子，可以列举丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸正辛酯、丙烯酸羟基乙酯和甲基丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯。MVI(熔体体积指数)可以是2-15cm3/10min，它是在负载3.8kg下于230℃测定的。共聚物(A)可以是统计学的，即MMA和其它单体((甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯，该烷基有2-24个碳原子)是随机分布的。该共聚物(A)可以是嵌段共聚物，即它有PMMA嵌段和其它单体嵌段。关于这种嵌段共聚物(A)，有利地使用三嵌段，其中包括PMMA嵌段、其它单体嵌段和PMM嵌段。优选地，它是PMMA-b-聚(丙烯酸丁酯)-b-PMMA三嵌段共聚物。可以采用阴离子聚合反应或采用可控自由基聚合反应制备这些嵌段共聚物。这种共聚物(A)可以与例如下段中所定义的常规PMMA混合，只要常规PMMA量在折叠和拉伸条件下没有引起发白，如前面所解释的。
关于PMMA，这里表示甲基丙烯酸甲酯均聚物和含有至少50重量％甲基丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物。作为共聚单体实例，例如可以列举(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯、丙烯腈、丁二烯、苯乙烯、异戊二烯。KIRK-OTHMER，《化学工艺学百科全书(Encyclopedia of chemical technology)》，第4版，第1卷，第292-293页和第16卷，第475-478页中描述了(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯实例。有利地，这种PMMA可以含有0-20重量％，优选地5-15重量％，更优选地10-15重量％丙烯酸甲酯和/或丙烯酸乙酯。这种PMMA可以官能化，即它可以含有例如酸、酰基氯、醇或酸酐官能团。通过接枝或通过MMA与带这些官能团的其中一种官能团的单体共聚合可以加入这些官能团。有利地，丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸共聚单体就带有酸官能团。两个相邻的丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸官能团可以脱水生成酸酐。其官能团比例可以是以含有这些任选官能团的PMMA重量计0-15％。
PMMA的MVI(熔体体积指数)可以是2-15cm3/10min，它是在负载3.8kg下于230℃测定的。
关于UV吸收剂，这些产品本身是已知的。专利US5256472列出这样一些产品。有利地使用苯并***和二苯甲酮。作为实例，可以使用Ciba SpecialityChemicals公司的Tinuvin
213或Tinuvin109，优选地Tinuvin234。
可与PVDF共挤出的组合物有利地含有：
40-50份PVDF，
60-50份共聚物(A)，它含有以重量计对于10-50％(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯分别为90-50％甲基丙烯酸甲酯，该烷基有2-24个碳原子，
1-4份UV吸收剂，
总量是100份。
可与PVDF共挤出的组合物(或粘合剂层)不含有核-壳型冲击改性剂，以防止出现发白问题。将PVDF与熔融态共聚物(A)混合可以制备这种可共挤出组合物，该共聚物(A)中添加了UV吸收剂。有利地使用热塑性塑料混合设备。这些PVDF和PMMA基层同样如此。
关于由可共挤出组合物与PVDF层构成的共挤出薄膜，PVDF层厚度有利地是2-50μm，优选地2-30μm，可共挤出组合物厚度是10-100μm，优选地10-70μm。
有利地，PVDF基层含有对于30-0份PMMA分别为70-100份PVDF作为主组分，优选地对于25-15份PMMA分别为75-85份PVDF。
根据本发明的第二个方式，PVDF层为两层形式：
·置于挨着可共挤出层的一层，该层含有对于50-10份PMMA分别为50-90份PVDF作为主组分，
·另一层(也称外层)，它含有对于25-0份PMMA分别为75-100份PVDF作为主组分。
即本发明的薄膜按顺序含有：
·本发明组合物的可共挤出层(粘合剂层)，
·置于挨着可共挤出层的一层，该层含有对于50-10份PMMA分别为50-90份PVDF作为主组分，
·另一层(也称外层)，它含有对于25-0份PMMA分别为75-100份PVDF作为主组分。
有利地，该外层含有对于15-0份PMMA分别为85-100份PVDF，优选地对于10-0份PMMA分别为90-100份PVDF作为主组分。
可共挤出组合物层厚度有利地是10-100μm，优选地10-70μm，其它层每层厚度有利地是2-50μm，优选地2-30μm。
本发明还涉及用这种薄膜覆盖的基材，这个可共挤出组合物挨着基材放置。
关于基材，作为实例可以列举：
·含氯聚合物：PVC、塑化PVC、含氯PE，
·含有苯乙烯的聚合物和共聚物，例如ABS、SAN、PS，
·饱和聚酯(PET、PBT等)和共聚酯或混合物，不饱和聚酯树脂(SMC)，
·环氧树脂和酚醛树脂，
·乙烯和烷基丙烯酸酯或醋酸乙烯酯的官能化或非官能化共聚物(EMA、EVA)
·PA(聚酰胺)和CoPA(共聚酰胺)、PEBA、聚酯酰胺和TPU(热塑性聚氨酯)，
·EVOH(乙烯和乙烯醇共聚物)，
·铝、钢或金属混合物，
·木质素基复合材料，
·丙烯酸化合物(PMMA等)，
·玻璃，
·PVC、PU泡沫塑料。
具体实施方式
实施例
使用下述产品：
Kynar 740：ATOFINA公司的PVDF均聚物，MVI(熔体体积指数)1.1cm3/10min(230℃，5kg)。
2850：PVDF共聚物(共聚单体是HFP)，MVI 0.5cm3/10min(230℃，5kg)。
2800：PVDF共聚物(共聚单体是HFP)，MVI 1.1cm3/10min(230℃，5kg)。
D320： D320的缩写，它表示软硬核-壳型弹性体，其中核是丙烯酸丁酯与丁二烯的共聚物，壳是PMMA，其尺寸80nm，CECA公司销售的产品。
这些实施例中的组合物都是以重量％表示的。
实施例1(本发明)
一种双层薄膜含有由80％PVDF 
740和20％OROGLAS BS8组成的层，其厚度15μm，和厚度35μm的粘合剂，其粘合剂配方如下：48.6％
740，48.6％MMA-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物，其中丙烯酸乙酯是25重量％，2.8％ Tinuvin 234。这种薄膜的断裂伸长率是250％，雾度2，在烘箱中7天后未观察到任何的渗出作用。这种薄膜具有户外使用足够的UV吸收作用。这种薄膜拉伸时在变形部位没有出现任何的发白现象。
实施例2(本发明)
一种双层薄膜含有由80％PVDF 
740和20％OROGLAS BS8组成的层，其厚度15μm，和厚度35μm的粘合剂，其粘合剂配方如下：45.2％
740，52％MMA-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物，其中丙烯酸乙酯是25重量％，2.8％ Tinuvin234。这种薄膜的断裂伸长率是210％，雾度1.5，在烘箱中7天后未观察到任何的渗出作用。这种薄膜具有户外使用足够的UV吸收作用。这种薄膜拉伸时在变形部位没有出现任何的发白现象。
实施例3(本发明)
一种双层薄膜含有由80％PVDF 
740和20％ 
BS8组成的层，其厚度15μm，和厚度35μm的粘合剂，其粘合剂配方如下：40.2％Kynar 740，57％MMA-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物，其中丙烯酸乙酯是25重量％，2.8％Tinuvin 234。这种薄膜的断裂伸长率是150％，雾度8，在烘箱中7天后未观察到任何的渗出作用。这种薄膜具有户外使用足够的UV吸收作用。这种薄膜拉伸时在变形部位没有出现任何的发白现象。
实施例4(对比)
一种双层薄膜含有由80％PVDF 
740和20％ 
BS8组成的层，其厚度15μm，和厚度35μm的粘合剂，其粘合剂配方如下：40.2％
740，47％OROGLAS BS8，10％CECA公司的D320冲击改性剂，2.8％Tinuvin 213。这种薄膜的断裂伸长率是150％，雾度6.5，在烘箱中7天后未观察到任何的渗出作用。这种薄膜具有户外使用足够的UV吸收作用。这种薄膜在20℃达到约100％变形起有发白现象，因此使拉伸部分不透明。
实施例5(本发明)
一种双层薄膜含有由100％PVDF 
2850，其厚度15μm，和厚度35μm的粘合剂，其粘合剂配方如下：40.2％
740，57％MMA-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物，其中丙烯酸乙酯是25重量％，2.8％ Tinuvin 234。这种薄膜的断裂伸长率是150％，雾度8，在烘箱中7天后未观察到任何的渗出作用。这种薄膜具有户外使用足够的UV吸收作用。这种薄膜拉伸时在变形部位没有出现任何的发白现象。
实施例6(本发明)
一种双层薄膜含有由100％PVDF 
2800，其厚度15μm，和厚度35μm的粘合剂，其粘合剂配方如下：40.2％
740，57％MMA-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物，其中丙烯酸乙酯是25重量％，2.8％ Tinuvin 234。这种薄膜的断裂伸长率是150％，雾度8，在烘箱中7天后未观察到任何的渗出作用。这种薄膜具有户外使用足够的UV吸收作用。这种薄膜拉伸时在变形部位没有出现任何的发白现象。
Claims (14)
1、可与聚偏二氟乙烯共挤出的组合物，该组合物由下述组分组成：
·30-50份聚偏二氟乙烯，
·70-50份共聚物(A)，它含有以重量计10-50％(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯和90-50％甲基丙烯酸甲酯MMA，该烷基有2-24个碳原子，
·1-4份UV吸收剂，
·总量是100份。
2、根据权利要求1所述的组合物，其中这些比例是：
40-50份聚偏二氟乙烯，
60-50份共聚物(A)，
1-4份UV吸收剂，
总量是100份。
3、根据上述权利要求中任一项权利要求所述的组合物，其中共聚物(A)含有以重量计15-30％(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯和85-70％甲基丙烯酸甲酯，该烷基有2-24个碳原子。
4、根据权利要求3所述的组合物，其中共聚物(A)含有以重量计20-30％(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯和80-70％甲基丙烯酸甲酯，该烷基有2-24个碳原子。
5、根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物，其中在共聚物(A)中(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯选自丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸正辛酯、丙烯酸羟基乙酯和甲基丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯。
6、共挤出薄膜，它构成如下：
·一层根据上述权利要求中任一项权利要求所述的共挤出组合物层，且它直接与下面层连接，
·一层聚偏二氟乙烯基层，它含有50-0份的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和50-100份的聚偏二氟乙烯作为主要组分。
7、根据权利要求6所述的薄膜，其中聚偏二氟乙烯基层含有30-0份聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和70-100份聚偏二氟乙烯作为主要组分。
8、根据权利要求7所述的薄膜，其中聚偏二氟乙烯基层含有25-15份聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和75-85份聚偏二氟乙烯作为主要组分。
9、根据权利要求6-8中任一项权利要求所述的薄膜，其中聚偏二氟乙烯层厚度是2-50μm，可共挤出组合物厚度是10-100μm。
10、共挤出薄膜，按顺序含有：
·根据权利要求1-5中任一项权利要求所述组合物的可共挤出层，即粘合剂层，
·置于挨着可共挤出层的一层，该层含有50-10份聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和50-90份聚偏二氟乙烯作为主组分，
·另一层，也称外层，它含有25-0份聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和75-100份聚偏二氟乙烯作为主组分。
11、根据权利要求10所述的薄膜，其中该外层含有15-0份聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和85-100份聚偏二氟乙烯作为主组分。
12、根据权利要求10-11中任一项权利要求所述的薄膜，其中可共挤出组合物层厚度是10-100μm，其它每层厚度是2-50μm。
13、用权利要求6-12中任一项权利要求所述薄膜涂覆的基材，该可共挤出组合物置于挨着基材。
14、权利要求1-5中任一项权利要求所述的可与聚偏二氟乙烯共挤出的组合物在将聚偏二氟乙烯基薄膜粘附在基材上的应用。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0401726A FR2866652B1 (fr) | 2004-02-20 | 2004-02-20 | Composition coextrudable avec le pvdf et sans effet de blanchiment sous contrainte |
| FR0401726 | 2004-02-20 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1667038A CN1667038A (zh) | 2005-09-14 |
| CN100509948C true CN100509948C (zh) | 2009-07-08 |
Family
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005100600942A Expired - Fee Related CN100509948C (zh) | 2004-02-20 | 2005-02-18 | 可与pvdf共挤出且在应力下没有发白现象的组合物 |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1566408A1 (zh) |
| JP (2) | JP4809614B2 (zh) |
| KR (2) | KR20060042122A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN100509948C (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2498234A1 (zh) |
| FR (1) | FR2866652B1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005062687A1 (de) | 2005-12-23 | 2007-07-05 | Röhm Gmbh | PMMA-Folie mit besonders hoher Witterungsbeständigkeit und hoher UV-Schutzwirkung |
| FR2896445B1 (fr) * | 2006-01-25 | 2010-08-20 | Arkema | Film flexible a base de polymere fluore |
| DE102007029263A1 (de) * | 2007-06-22 | 2008-12-24 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | PMMA/PVDF-Folie mit besonders hoher Witterungsbeständigkeit und hoher UV-Schutzwirkung |
| MX2010001982A (es) * | 2007-08-21 | 2010-04-21 | Saint Gobain Performance Plast | Material de lamina para techos. |
| CN102275366B (zh) * | 2008-06-10 | 2014-10-15 | 株式会社钟化 | 氟树脂膜和氟树脂层叠丙烯酸类树脂膜 |
| FR2948943B1 (fr) * | 2009-08-05 | 2012-03-16 | Arkema France | Film a base de polymere fluore et d'oxyde de zinc sans odeur acrylique pour application photovoltaique |
| JP6374610B2 (ja) * | 2015-06-12 | 2018-08-15 | 住友化学株式会社 | 樹脂組成物、膜、タッチセンサーパネル及び表示装置 |
| CN104962023A (zh) * | 2015-07-20 | 2015-10-07 | 金宝丽科技（苏州）有限公司 | 一种塑胶材料及其制备方法 |
| WO2019059369A1 (ja) * | 2017-09-22 | 2019-03-28 | デンカ株式会社 | 真空成形用樹脂フィルム |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPH0671785B2 (ja) * | 1984-06-23 | 1994-09-14 | 電気化学工業株式会社 | フッ化ビニリデン樹脂系複合フイルムの製造方法 |
| US5256472A (en) * | 1988-12-05 | 1993-10-26 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Fluorine resin type weather-resistant film |
| FR2659085B1 (fr) * | 1990-03-02 | 1992-05-15 | Atochem | Composition coextrudable avec le polyfluorure de vinylidene permettant l'adhesion de ce dernier avec une resine polymerique non compatible - composite obtenu avec cette composition. |
| JPH06170950A (ja) * | 1992-12-07 | 1994-06-21 | Kureha Chem Ind Co Ltd | 積層シートおよびテント用布 |
| US6254712B1 (en) * | 1998-12-08 | 2001-07-03 | Avery Dennison Corporation | Extrusion coating process for making high transparency protective and decorative films |
| JP3972693B2 (ja) * | 2002-03-15 | 2007-09-05 | 東洋インキ製造株式会社 | ガスバリア性積層体用基材、およびそれを用いたガスバリア性積層体 |
| FR2842530B1 (fr) * | 2002-07-17 | 2004-09-03 | Atofina | Composition coextrudable avec le pvdf |
| EP1405872A1 (fr) * | 2002-10-03 | 2004-04-07 | Atofina | Utilisation d'un film à base de PVDF, de PMMA ou leur mélange pour recouvrir des objets en matériau thermodur |
-
2004
- 2004-02-20 FR FR0401726A patent/FR2866652B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-02-11 EP EP05290312A patent/EP1566408A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-02-18 CN CNB2005100600942A patent/CN100509948C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-02-18 CA CA002498234A patent/CA2498234A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2005-02-19 KR KR1020050013873A patent/KR20060042122A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-02-21 JP JP2005043894A patent/JP4809614B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-12-13 KR KR1020060126995A patent/KR20070001043A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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2008
- 2008-08-13 JP JP2008208475A patent/JP2009013418A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2005248177A (ja) | 2005-09-15 |
| KR20060042122A (ko) | 2006-05-12 |
| JP4809614B2 (ja) | 2011-11-09 |
| EP1566408A1 (fr) | 2005-08-24 |
| FR2866652A1 (fr) | 2005-08-26 |
| CN1667038A (zh) | 2005-09-14 |
| FR2866652B1 (fr) | 2007-08-17 |
| CA2498234A1 (fr) | 2005-08-20 |
| KR20070001043A (ko) | 2007-01-03 |
| JP2009013418A (ja) | 2009-01-22 |
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