CN100495603C - Weak electricity copper base electric contact composite material and method for making same - Google Patents
Weak electricity copper base electric contact composite material and method for making same Download PDFInfo
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- CN100495603C CN100495603C CNB2007100165042A CN200710016504A CN100495603C CN 100495603 C CN100495603 C CN 100495603C CN B2007100165042 A CNB2007100165042 A CN B2007100165042A CN 200710016504 A CN200710016504 A CN 200710016504A CN 100495603 C CN100495603 C CN 100495603C
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Abstract
The invention relates to a copper base electrical contact compound material, in particular to a weak current copper base electrical contact compound material used for low voltage electric switch, and a method to prepare the compound material. The compound material is composed of materials by the following proportions: 0.5-4 percent bismuth, 0.5-4 percent TiAl metal compound, 0.05-0.6 percent rare earth material, and the rest copper and other unavoidable impurities. The preparation method is: mixing powder in ball mill; cold pressing; sintering; secondary molding; and secondary sintering; the compound material produced with the invention has the advantages of strong anti-fusion welding performance, and good arc extinguishing performance and oxidation resistant performance. The electricity conductivity is similar to that of silver base electrical contact compound material, and wearing-resistant performance superior to that of the original boron carbide copper base and silver base electrical contact compound material. Therefore, the compound material is a cheap replacement for silver alloy electrical contact in low voltage switches.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of copper-based electrical contact composite material, particularly a kind of Weak electricity copper base electric contact composite material that is used for the low-voltage electrical apparatus switch, and the preparation method of above-mentioned composite material.
Two, background technology
The light current contact material is the critical component of instrument and meter, and the life-span and the functional reliability of instrument and meter played an important role.In order to guarantee light current contact functional reliability, generally adopt noble metal silver and alloy material thereof both at home and abroad.In order to reduce the loss of silver metal, people constantly seek the technological approaches of new joint silver in recent years.According to the physicochemical properties of silver with copper, the most close on the electricity of copper and the thermal conductive property with silver, so as electric conducting material, copper is the only metal that substitutes silver.But copper is the oxidation easily of copper-based material surface as the major obstacle of electrical contact material, and its oxide (CuO and Cu
2O) have very low conductivity, sharply increased the contact resistance of element, make material heating easily in use, directly influence the functional reliability of electrical contact switch, make copper and general copper alloy be difficult to use as contact material.Even in copper alloy, add the generation that some non-oxidizability modifying element (for example graphitic carbon element) can not well prevent surface film oxide again, present existing copper-graphite alloy electrical contact, because of there being the problem of oxidation of electrical contact surface, thus only in the vacuum switch control circuit copper base contact promoted the use of.In addition, the main cadmium metal that adds is as the low melting point constituent element in present silver contact, and with performances such as raising resistance fusion weldings, but the cadmium constituent element has very big toxicity, should avoid using.
Publication number is the CN1667768 Chinese patent, discloses a kind of copper-based electrical contact composite material and preparation method thereof, and it consists of: tin 0.1-5%, and boron carbide 0.1-5%, rich lanthanum or cerium-rich mischmetal 0.05-2%, all the other are copper.Though above-mentioned material has good electrical conductivity, resistance fusion welding energy and non-oxidizability, its resistance to wear and conductivity are still waiting to improve, and have influenced the serviceability of electrical contact.
Three, summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cheap, aboundresources, conductance height, contact resistance is low and stable, resistance fusion welding can be good, antioxygenic property and good mechanical properties, the Weak electricity copper base electric contact composite material that particularly has better resistance to wear.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the preparation method of above-mentioned composite material.
The present invention realizes by following measure:
A kind of Weak electricity copper base electric contact composite material of the present invention, form by the material of following weight proportion: 0.5-4% bismuth, 0.5-4%TiAl intermetallic compound, 0.05-0.6% rare earth material, all the other are copper and other unavoidable impurities.
The composite material of the invention described above, the preferred group of described material becomes: 2% bismuth, 2% TiAl intermetallic compound, 0.4% rare earth material, all the other are copper and other unavoidable impurities.
The composite material of the invention described above, described rare earth material are preferably rich lanthanum or rich cerium mixes rare material of going up.
The preparation method of the invention described above composite material, adopt following steps:
(1) copper, bismuth, rare earth material, TiAl intermetallic compound being made granularity is 200-400 purpose fine powders, carries out ball milling again and mixes powder, and the ball milling time is 0.5-6 hour, and the used pellet of ball milling is 6mm and 8mm bearing steel ball, and ratio of grinding media to material is 15: 1; Ball milling preferably adopts high-energy planetary formula ball mill;
(2) with the powder cold moudling that mixes, pressure is 500-900MPa, and the dwell time is 1-10 minutes;
(3) with cold moudling part sintering under the protection of argon gas body, sintering temperature is 750-950 ℃, and temperature retention time is 2-5 hours; Be preferably: sintering temperature is 900 ℃, and temperature retention time is 3 hours;
(4) test specimen is carried out the secondary compacting, pressure is 600-1000MPa, and the dwell time is 1-10 minutes;
(5) test specimen carries out double sintering again, and sample is sintering under argon shield, and sintering temperature is 650-850 ℃, and temperature retention time is 2-5 hour, is prepared into copper-based electrical contact material blank.
The present invention selects for use copper as matrix, and copper and silver-colored comparative price are cheap, and resource is abundanter, and its electrical and thermal conductivity, resistance fusion welding, electric current erosion and frictional behavior all can match in excellence or beauty with silver, can satisfy the requirement of electrical contact material matrix.And employing low-melting-point metal bismuth alternative metals cadmium, consider requirements such as contact material mechanics, comprehensive electrochemical properties, in the copper matrix, add TiAl intermetallic compound, rare earth element successively to improve resistance fusion welding energy, electrical property, antioxygenic property, self-lubricating property and the resistance to wear of material.The main purpose that adds intermetallic compound is that intermetallic compound itself has mechanical property and electric conductivity preferably, can and improve electrical contact performance in the reinforced composite mechanical property in, keep composite material to have excellent conducting performance.
The mains switch of low load during this kind copper-based electrical contact composite material is mainly used in is in the low-voltage electrical apparatuses such as relay, D.C. contactor, air switch.
Composite material of the present invention, resistance fusion welding can be strong, and arc extinction performance and oxidative resistance are good, and conductivity is close with the Ag-based electrical contact composite material, anti-wear performance is better than former carbonization boron copper base and the Ag-based electrical contact composite material of containing, and is the cheaper alternative of the silver alloy electrical contact that uses in the low tension switch.
Four, embodiment
Embodiment 1
The composition proportioning of embodiment of the invention material is: 95.92% bronze medal, 2% bismuth, 2%TiAl intermetallic compound, 0.08% lanthanum rich mischmetal.
According to forming proportioning and step of preparation process, granularity all is less than or equal to copper powder, bismuth meal, intermetallic compound and lanthanum rich mischmetal powder that 200 purpose weight ratios satisfy said ratio carries out high-energy ball milling and mixes powder, equipment choosing high-energy planetary formula ball mill, the ball milling time is 1.5 hours, and ratio of grinding media to material is 15:1.Utilize hydraulic press compression moulding after mixing, pressing pressure is 700MPa, and the dwell time is 5 minutes.Sample is put into high temperature resistance furnace carry out sintering, sintering temperature is 900 ℃, and temperature retention time is 3 hours, carries out Buchholz protection with going into argon gas in the sintering process.The secondary compacting is carried out to sample in the intact back of sintering, and pressing pressure is 950MPa, and the dwell time is 3 minutes, puts into high temperature resistance furnace after compacting is finished and carries out double sintering, and sintering temperature is 800 ℃, and temperature retention time is 3 hours, and sintering process feeds argon gas and carries out Buchholz protection.
Through above technical process, make copper-based electrical contact composite material.
This material key property: 1. density: 8.31 (g/cm
3); 2. resistivity: 2.90 (μ Ω .cm) are hardness: 60 (HB) 3.; 4. the oxidation weight gain 0.14mg/g.day under 150 ℃ of atmospheric environment conditions (fine copper be 3.6mg/g.day).
Embodiment 2
The composition proportioning of embodiment of the invention material is: 94.4% bronze medal, 4% bismuth, 1%TiAl intermetallic compound, 0.6% lanthanum rich mischmetal.
The preparation of employing following steps:
(1) copper, bismuth, lanthanum rich mischmetal, TiAl intermetallic compound being worn into granularity is 200-400 purpose fine powders, carries out ball milling again and mixes powder, and the ball milling time is 5 hours, and the used pellet of ball milling is 6mm and 8mm bearing steel ball, and ratio of grinding media to material is 15:1;
(2) with the powder cold moudling that mixes, pressure is 850MPa, and the dwell time is 5 minutes;
(3) with cold moudling part sintering under the protection of argon gas body, sintering temperature is 850 ℃, and temperature retention time is 5 hours;
(4) test specimen is carried out the secondary compacting, pressure is 1000MPa, and the dwell time is 7 minutes;
(5) test specimen carries out double sintering again, and sample is sintering under argon shield, and sintering temperature is 750 ℃, and temperature retention time is 3 hours, is prepared into copper-based electrical contact material blank.
This material key property: 1. density: 8.20 (g/cm
3); 2. resistivity: 1.9 (μ Ω .cm) are hardness: 63 (HB) 3.; 4. the oxidation weight gain 0.08mg/g.day under 150 ℃ of atmospheric environment conditions (fine copper be 3.6mg/g.day).
Embodiment 3
The composition proportioning of embodiment of the invention material is: 94.8% bronze medal, 1% bismuth, 4%TiAl intermetallic compound, 0.2% cerium-rich mischmetal.
The preparation of employing following steps:
(1) copper, bismuth, cerium-rich mischmetal, TiAl intermetallic compound being worn into granularity is 200-400 purpose fine powders, carry out ball milling again and mix powder, the ball milling time is 4 hours, equipment choosing high-energy planetary formula ball mill, the used pellet of ball milling is 6mm and 8mm bearing steel ball, and ratio of grinding media to material is 15:1;
(2) with the powder cold moudling that mixes, pressure is 600MPa, and the dwell time is 10 minutes;
(3) with cold moudling part sintering under the protection of argon gas body, sintering temperature is 900 ℃, and temperature retention time is 3 hours;
(4) test specimen is carried out the secondary compacting, pressure is 800MPa, and the dwell time is 3 minutes;
(5) test specimen carries out double sintering again, and sample is sintering under argon shield, and sintering temperature is 750 ℃, and temperature retention time is 3 hours, is prepared into copper-based electrical contact material blank.
This material key property: 1. density: 8.25 (g/cm
3); 2. resistivity: 2.1 (μ Ω .cm) are hardness: 58 (HB) 3.; 4. the oxidation weight gain 0.10mg/g.day under 150 ℃ of atmospheric environment conditions (fine copper be 3.6mg/g.day).
The contrast test example:
The composite material of embodiment of the invention 1-3 and Cu-base composites and silver-based composite material are carried out wearability test, and test condition is:
M-200 type friction and wear tester, ring-piece friction pair, fraction time is 30 minutes, sliding friction speed 0.42 meter per second, No. 20 oil droplets oil lubrications, 10 droplets/minute, be No. 45 steel modulation treatment to the mill material: case hardness is 45-50HRC.
The weight proportion of copper-based material is: 2% tin, 2% boron carbide, 0.3% lanthanum rich mischmetal, Yu Weitong.
The weight proportion of silver-based material is: 2% cadmium, 2% tin oxide, 1% lanthana, 95% silver medal
Polishing scratch width test result sees the following form:
Polishing scratch width test result/mm
| Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Copper-based material | Silver-based material |
| 1.58 | 1.57 | 1.48 | 2.35 | 2.86 |
Claims (6)
1 one kinds of Weak electricity copper base electric contact composite materials is characterized in that being made up of the material of following weight proportion: 0.5-4% bismuth, and 0.5-4% TiAl intermetallic compound, 0.05-0.8% rare earth material, all the other are copper and other unavoidable impurities.
2. composite material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the consisting of of described material: bismuth 2%, TiAl intermetallic compound 2%, rare earth material 0.4%, all the other are copper and other unavoidable impurities.
3. composite material according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described rare earth material is rich lanthanum or cerium-rich mischmetal material.
4. the preparation method of the described composite material of claim 1 is characterized in that adopting following steps:
(1) copper, bismuth, rare earth material, TiAl intermetallic compound being made granularity is 200-400 purpose fine powders, carries out ball milling again and mixes powder, and the ball milling time is 0.5-6 hour, and the used pellet of ball milling is 6mm and 8mm bearing steel ball, and ratio of grinding media to material is 15:1;
(2) with the powder cold moudling that mixes, pressure is 500-900MPa, and the dwell time is 1-10 minutes;
(3) with cold moudling part sintering under the protection of argon gas body, sintering temperature is 750-950 ℃, and temperature retention time is 2-5 hours;
(4) test specimen is carried out the secondary compacting, pressure is 600-1000MPa, and the dwell time is 1-10 minutes;
(5) test specimen carries out double sintering again, and test specimen is sintering under argon shield, and sintering temperature is 650-850 ℃, and temperature retention time is 2-5 hour, is prepared into copper-based electrical contact material blank.
5. preparation method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: ball milling adopts high-energy planetary formula ball mill.
6. preparation method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: in the step (3), described sintering temperature is 900 ℃, and temperature retention time is 3 hours.
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Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104103434B (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2016-04-20 | 济南大学 | A kind of low-voltage electrical apparatus copper base electric contact composite material and temperature-pressure formation thereof |
| CN104282448B (en) * | 2013-08-11 | 2017-04-19 | 济南大学 | Arc ablation resistance copper-based electrical contact composite material |
| CN104966627B (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2017-03-29 | 黑龙江省科学院高技术研究院 | A kind of rare earth modified B4C strengthens copper-based electrical contact material and preparation method thereof |
| CN105112713A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-12-02 | 苏州莱特复合材料有限公司 | Rare earth copper-based composite and preparation method thereof |
| CN105575459B (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2017-09-19 | 济南大学 | A kind of copper-plated graphite alkene strengthens the preparation method of copper-based electrical contact material |
| CN105609159B (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2017-08-25 | 济南大学 | A kind of copper-plated graphite alkene enhancing copper-based electrical contact material and preparation method thereof |
| CN105551839B (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2018-05-25 | 济南大学 | A kind of copper-plated graphite alkene/copper-based electrical contact material and preparation method thereof |
| CN105679560B (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2018-06-01 | 济南大学 | A kind of preparation method of Ni-coated graphite alkene enhancing Ag-based electrical contact material |
| CN105938763A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-09-14 | 哈尔滨东大高新材料股份有限公司 | Dispersion-strengthened copper-based contact material added with La2O3-MoSi2, and preparation method of material |
| CN107098689A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-08-29 | 合肥博之泰电子科技有限公司 | A kind of light current contact composite conducting material and its production technology |
| CN109093113B (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2020-03-10 | 燕山大学 | Rare earth intermetallic compound reinforced copper-based composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN112239350B (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2022-08-05 | 西安工程大学 | Preparation method of copper tin oxide contact material |
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