CN100345230C - Copper-based electrical contact composite material and process for preparing same - Google Patents
Copper-based electrical contact composite material and process for preparing same Download PDFInfo
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- CN100345230C CN100345230C CNB2005100425106A CN200510042510A CN100345230C CN 100345230 C CN100345230 C CN 100345230C CN B2005100425106 A CNB2005100425106 A CN B2005100425106A CN 200510042510 A CN200510042510 A CN 200510042510A CN 100345230 C CN100345230 C CN 100345230C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to copper base electrical contact head composite material for middle and low voltage electric switches, and a preparation method thereof. The composite material of the present invention is composed of the components of the following proportion by weight: 0.1 to 5% of tin, 0.1 to 5% of boron carbide, 0.05 to 2% of rich lanthanum or cerium misch metal and copper as the rest. In the preparation method of the present invention, the composite material is prepared by mixing, powder cold pressing, sintering, cold pressing and resintering. Copper is adopted as basal bodies, the resource is abundant, the electric conductivity, the heat conductivity, the welding resistance, the electric current corrosion resistance and the frictional characteristic of the copper is on a par with that of silver, and the present invention can satisfy the requirements of electrical contact head material basal bodies, and has the advantages of better antioxygenic property, self-lubricating property and abrasion resistance.
Description
One, affiliated technical field
The invention belongs to copper-based electrical contact composite material and preparation method thereof, specially refer to a kind of copper-based electrical contact composite material that is used for the mesolow appliance switch and preparation method thereof.
Two, background technology
The light current contact elements is the critical component of instrument and meter, and the life-span and the functional reliability of instrument and meter played an important role, and in order to guarantee light current contact functional reliability, generally adopts noble metal silver and alloy material thereof to make both at home and abroad.In recent years in order to reduce the loss of silver metal, people constantly seek silver-colored technological approaches of new joint silver, generation.According to the physicochemical properties of silver with copper, the most close on the electricity of copper and the thermal conductive property with silver, so as electric conducting material, replacing the only element of silver is copper.But copper is the oxidation easily under the atmospheric environment condition of copper-based material surface as the major obstacle of electrical contact material, and its oxide (CuO and Cu
2O) have very low conductivity, sharply increased the contact resistance of element, make material heating easily in use, directly influence the functional reliability and the life-span of electric switch, make copper and general copper alloy be difficult to use as contact material.In addition, general copper alloy still can not satisfy the requirement of electrical contact member comprehensive electrochemical properties aspect.The more serious problem of oxidation that present existing graphite-copper composite conducting material exists because of electrical contact surface, thus only in the vacuum switch control circuit copper base contact obtain using.Because the less switch force of low tension switch, this oxide-film that electrical contact surface is generated is difficult for destroyed, because its existence worsens contact element conductivity.In addition, the main cadmium metal that adds is as the low melting point constituent element in the present silver contact, and with performances such as raising resistance fusion weldings, but the cadmium constituent element has very big toxicity, should avoid using.
Three, summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cheap, aboundresources, conductance and thermal conductivity height, contact resistance is low and stable, resistance fusion welding can be good, antioxygenic property and satisfactory mechanical property, and the easy copper-based electrical contact composite material of processing and preparing, to substitute the high silver based contact material of the prices of raw and semifnished materials.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the preparation method of above-mentioned material.
The present invention realizes by following measure:
Copper-based electrical contact composite material of the present invention is made up of the material of following percentage by weight, tin 0.1-5%, and boron carbide 0.1-5%, cerium-rich mischmetal 0.05-2%, all the other are copper.
Copper-based electrical contact composite material of the present invention, described material percentage by weight preferably be, tin 1-4%, and boron carbide 1-4%, cerium-rich mischmetal 0.2-1%, all the other are copper.
Copper-based electrical contact composite material of the present invention, the best percentage by weight of described material be, tin 2%, and boron carbide 2%, lanthanum rich mischmetal 0.4%, all the other are copper.
The preparation method of copper-based electrical contact composite material of the present invention, concrete steps be,
(1) at first, mishmetal is become granularity 200-400 order, weight ratio with copper be mishmetal-copper powder of 10%, according to described proportioning, with above-mentioned granularity is 200-400 purpose 10% mishmetal-copper powder, glass putty and the mixing of copper powder ball milling 4-7 hour, is to carry out powder mixing machine in the powder after 200-400 purpose boron carbide powder adds ball milling again with granularity;
(2) with the above-mentioned powder cold moudling that mixes, pressure is 500-900MPa, and the dwell time is 1-10 minute;
(3) with the cold moudling part at NH
3Sintering under the Buchholz protection, sintering temperature are 750-950 ℃, and temperature retention time is 2-5 hour;
(4) test specimen is carried out the secondary compacting, pressure is 400-800MPa, and the dwell time is 1-10 minute;
(5) test specimen is carried out double sintering, test specimen is at NH
3Protection is sintering down, and sintering temperature is 750-850 ℃, and temperature retention time is 2-5 hour, is prepared into the copper-based electrical contact composite material blank after the cooling.
Preparation method of the present invention, the used pellet of ball milling preferably uses the agate ball of 6mm and 8mm, and ratio of grinding media to material is 15: 1.
The present invention selects for use copper as matrix, and copper and silver-colored comparative price are cheap, and resource is abundanter, and its electrical and thermal conductivity, resistance fusion welding, electric current erosion and frictional behavior all can match in excellence or beauty with silver, can satisfy the requirement of electrical contact material matrix.And employing low-melting-point metal tin substitute technology cadmium, consider requirements such as contact material mechanics, comprehensive electrochemical properties, and in the copper matrix, add an amount of boron carbide, rare earth and tin constituent element, can wait electrical property with the resistance fusion welding that improves material, improve antioxygenic property, obtain good self-lubricating property and resistance to wear.
The mains switch of low load during copper-based electrical contact composite material of the present invention is mainly used in is in the low-voltage electrical apparatuses such as relay, D.C. contactor, air switch.The resistance fusion welding of material of the present invention can be strong, and oxidation resistent susceptibility, arc extinction performance are good, and anti-wear performance is good, and electrical contact performance and Ag-based electrical contact material are close, is the cheaper alternative of silver alloy electrical contact commonly used in the low Medium voltage switch or circuit breaker.
Adopt the above-mentioned composite material of preparation method's preparation of the present invention, have oxidation resistent susceptibility preferably, preferably comprehensive electrochemical properties and mechanical property.
Four, embodiment
Embodiment 1:
The composition weight proportion of present embodiment material is: 2% tin, 2% boron carbide, 0.3% lanthanum rich mischmetal, Yu Weitong.
By said ratio, at first, become granularity smaller or equal to 200 purposes, 10% mishmetal-copper powder (weight ratio with copper lanthanum rich mischmetal, down together), add granularity again and carry out mixing and ball milling smaller or equal to 200 purpose glass puttys and copper powder, the ball milling time is 5 hours, and the used pellet of ball milling is the agate ball of 6mm and 8mm, and ratio of grinding media to material is 15: 1; Add 2% boron carbide then and carry out powder mixing machine; Using hydraulic press compression moulding, pressing pressure after mixing is 600MPa, and the dwell time is 5 minutes; Slug press is put into sintering furnace carry out sintering, sintering temperature is 900 ℃, and temperature retention time is 3 hours, feeds NH in the sintering process
3Carry out Buchholz protection.The secondary compacting is carried out to sample in the intact back of sintering, and pressing pressure is 500MPa, and the dwell time is 3 minutes, and slug press is put into sintering furnace and carried out double sintering, and sintering temperature is 820 ℃, and temperature retention time is 3 hours, and sintering process feeds NH
3Carry out Buchholz protection.Through above technical process, make the copper-based electrical contact composite material blank.
The blank performance of preparation reaches: density 8.6g/cm
3Resistivity 3.40 μ Ω .cm; Hardness HV (MPa) 680; Oxidation weight gain 0.20mg/g.day under 150 ℃ of atmospheric environment conditions (fine copper be 3.6mg/g.day).
Embodiment 2:
The composition weight proportion of present embodiment material is: 2% tin, 4% boron carbide, 0.6% lanthanum rich mischmetal, Yu Weitong.Carry out ball milling according to this composition proportioning and same step of preparation process and the parameter of embodiment, mix powder, compacting, sintering, pressing pressure are 700MPa, the secondary pressing pressure is 600MPa.Through above technical process, make the copper-based electrical contact composite material blank.
The blank performance of preparation reaches: density 8.3g/cm
3Resistivity 3.82 μ Ω .cm; Hardness HV (MPa) 720; Oxidation weight gain 0.07mg/g.day under 150 ℃ of atmospheric environment conditions.
Embodiment 3:
The composition weight proportion of present embodiment material is: 4% tin, 0.5% boron carbide, 1.6% cerium-rich mischmetal, Yu Weitong.
According to this composition proportioning and step of preparation process, at first, cerium-rich mischmetal is become granularity with copper be 300 purposes, 10% mishmetal-copper powder, adding granularity again is that 300 purpose glass puttys and copper powder carried out the mixing and ball milling ball milling 6 hours, the used pellet of ball milling is the agate ball of 6mm and 8mm, and ratio of grinding media to material is 15: 1.Add 0.5% boron carbide then and carry out powder mixing machine; Using hydraulic press compression moulding, pressing pressure after mixing is 850MPa, and the dwell time is 3 minutes; Slug press is put into sintering furnace carry out sintering, sintering temperature is 850 ℃, and temperature retention time is 4 hours, feeds NH in the sintering process
3Carry out Buchholz protection.The secondary compacting is carried out to sample in the intact back of sintering, and pressing pressure is 700MPa, and the dwell time is 3 minutes, and slug press is put into sintering furnace and carried out double sintering, and sintering temperature is 700 ℃, and temperature retention time is 3 hours, and sintering process feeds NH
3Carry out Buchholz protection.Through above technical process, make the copper-based electrical contact composite material blank.
The blank performance of preparation reaches: density 8.5g/cm
3Resistivity 3.48 μ Ω .cm; Hardness HV (MPa) 770; Oxidation weight gain 0.05mg/g.day under 150 ℃ of atmospheric environment conditions.
Claims (3)
1. the preparation method of a copper-based electrical contact composite material is characterized in that: concrete steps are,
(1) at first, take by weighing the material of following percentage by weight, tin 0.1-5%, boron carbide 0.1-5%, rich lanthanum or cerium-rich mischmetal 0.05-2%, all the other are copper;
(2) mishmetal being become granularity 200-400 order, weight ratio with copper is mishmetal-copper powder of 10%, according to described proportioning, with above-mentioned granularity is 200-400 purpose 10% mishmetal-copper powder, glass putty and the mixing of copper powder ball milling 4-7 hour, is to carry out powder mixing machine in the powder after 200-400 purpose boron carbide powder adds ball milling again with granularity;
(3) with the above-mentioned powder cold moudling that mixes, pressure is 500-900MPa, and the dwell time is 1-10 minute;
(4) with the cold moudling part at NH
3Sintering under the Buchholz protection, sintering temperature are 750-950 ℃, and temperature retention time is 2-5 hour;
(5) test specimen is carried out the secondary compacting, pressure is 400-800MPa, and the dwell time is 1-10 minute;
(6) test specimen is carried out double sintering, test specimen is at NH
3Protection is sintering down, and sintering temperature is 750-850 ℃, and temperature retention time is 2-5 hour, is prepared into the copper-based electrical contact composite material blank after the cooling.
2. preparation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the percentage by weight of described material is, tin 1-4%, and boron carbide 1-4%, rich lanthanum or cerium-rich mischmetal 0.2-1%, all the other are copper.
3. preparation method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the used pellet of ball milling is the agate ball of 6mm and 8mm, and ratio of grinding media to material is 15: 1.
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| CNB2005100425106A CN100345230C (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2005-02-23 | Copper-based electrical contact composite material and process for preparing same |
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| CNB2005100425106A CN100345230C (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2005-02-23 | Copper-based electrical contact composite material and process for preparing same |
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| CN100345230C true CN100345230C (en) | 2007-10-24 |
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Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100390913C (en) * | 2006-03-02 | 2008-05-28 | 乐百令 | Three-layer composite electric contact manufacturing process |
| CN100421246C (en) * | 2006-11-03 | 2008-09-24 | 宁波康强电子股份有限公司 | Bonded copper wire and preparing method thereof |
| CN101698911B (en) * | 2009-10-23 | 2011-02-16 | 李�浩 | Copper-aluminium-base electric contact composite material |
| CN102054598B (en) * | 2011-01-13 | 2012-11-07 | 中希合金有限公司 | Silver copper oxide/copper composite electrical contact material and preparation process thereof |
| CN102259188B (en) * | 2011-07-20 | 2013-06-12 | 温州银泰合金材料有限公司 | Method for producing high-energy rare earth powder alloy electrical contact material |
| CN104282448B (en) * | 2013-08-11 | 2017-04-19 | 济南大学 | Arc ablation resistance copper-based electrical contact composite material |
| CN103759567B (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2016-08-17 | 宋荣凯 | A kind of vaporizer copper pipe and manufacture method thereof |
| CN104505136A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-04-08 | 乐清市长虹电工合金材料有限公司 | Ceramic-shaped niobium copper hard special copper-based alloy electrical contact and preparation method thereof |
| CN106282643A (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2017-01-04 | 济南大学 | A kind of cuprio electric contact composite material and vacuum hot-pressing process thereof |
| CN104966627B (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2017-03-29 | 黑龙江省科学院高技术研究院 | A kind of rare earth modified B4C strengthens copper-based electrical contact material and preparation method thereof |
| CN105140057A (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2015-12-09 | 济南大学 | Nitride enhanced copper-based electrical contact composite material |
| CN105023774A (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2015-11-04 | 济南大学 | Copper-based electric contact layered composite material and preparation method thereof |
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| US5279638A (en) * | 1990-02-27 | 1994-01-18 | Taiho Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Sliding material |
| JPH10280071A (en) * | 1997-04-09 | 1998-10-20 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | Electrical contact material and its production |
| JPH10287939A (en) * | 1997-04-17 | 1998-10-27 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | Copper alloy for electric and electronic equipment, excellent in punchability |
| CN1462813A (en) * | 2003-06-13 | 2003-12-24 | 四川莱特新材料科技有限责任公司 | High electric material of copper, tellurium rare earth without containing silver |
| CN1560294A (en) * | 2004-02-23 | 2005-01-05 | 西安交通大学 | Alloy of copper |
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Patent Citations (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5279638A (en) * | 1990-02-27 | 1994-01-18 | Taiho Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Sliding material |
| JPH10280071A (en) * | 1997-04-09 | 1998-10-20 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | Electrical contact material and its production |
| JPH10287939A (en) * | 1997-04-17 | 1998-10-27 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | Copper alloy for electric and electronic equipment, excellent in punchability |
| CN1462813A (en) * | 2003-06-13 | 2003-12-24 | 四川莱特新材料科技有限责任公司 | High electric material of copper, tellurium rare earth without containing silver |
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| 高能球磨法制备铜基电触头复合材料的研究 郭忠全，耿浩然，钱宝光等，功能材料，第35卷第增刊期 2004 * |
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