CN100378352C - 金属对金属的球形轴承及其制造方法 - Google Patents
金属对金属的球形轴承及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
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- 208000034189 Sclerosis Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical group [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- DMFGNRRURHSENX-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium copper Chemical compound [Be].[Cu] DMFGNRRURHSENX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
- F16C33/121—Use of special materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C23/00—Bearings for exclusively rotary movement adjustable for aligning or positioning
- F16C23/02—Sliding-contact bearings
- F16C23/04—Sliding-contact bearings self-adjusting
- F16C23/043—Sliding-contact bearings self-adjusting with spherical surfaces, e.g. spherical plain bearings
- F16C23/045—Sliding-contact bearings self-adjusting with spherical surfaces, e.g. spherical plain bearings for radial load mainly, e.g. radial spherical plain bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
- F16C33/122—Multilayer structures of sleeves, washers or liners
- F16C33/124—Details of overlays
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
- F16C2204/40—Alloys based on refractory metals
- F16C2204/42—Alloys based on titanium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
- F16C2326/43—Aeroplanes; Helicopters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S384/00—Bearings
- Y10S384/90—Cooling or heating
- Y10S384/912—Metallic
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S384/00—Bearings
- Y10S384/90—Cooling or heating
- Y10S384/913—Metallic compounds
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
- Support Of The Bearing (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种金属对金属的轴承,该轴承包括第一材料的轴承套和容纳于所述轴承套内的第二材料的滚珠,所述轴承套与滚珠间的接触面包括两个轴承工作面,其中,所述第一材料和第二材料中的一种材料为在其表面附近具有扩散区的钛合金,在该钛合金的表面上附着有氮化钛覆盖层以提供其中一个轴承工作面。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及金属对金属的球形轴承及其制造方法。
背景技术
金属对金属的球形轴承被应用于航空工业,并且在飞机中特别应用于起落架轴承。在起落架的金属对金属的轴承的制造中用作内座圈和外座圈的材料通常是不锈钢和铜合金。之所以使用这些材料是因为它们不会在没有润滑油的部位发生磨损。然而,这些材料相对较重,因此过去一直在寻找使用更加轻质的材料的解决方案。在这方面,根据强度原则可以采用钛合金轴承来代替该相对较重的材料,所述钛合金轴承重量轻了约40%。尽管显著减轻了重量,但是这些材料在起落架的着陆条件试验中易于迅速磨损。US 4848934给出了钛合金轴承的例子。由于对于金属对金属的接触,钛合金过于柔软,因此需用氧化铬为其提供坚硬的覆盖层。
对其他覆盖层也曾进行过研究,但是都遇到了硬覆盖层与相对较软的钛合金附着性不好的难题。
在通常的金属对金属的轴承中,轴承套是由铜或铜合金制成,而轴承套内所容纳的滚珠则是由不锈钢制成。用钛合金来代替不锈钢成分的轻质型式轴承是可以实现的,但是由于钛合金相对较软,因此需提供相对较硬的氧化铬覆盖层,从而在轴承套与滚珠间的接触面提供良好的轴承工作面。
由于氧化铬以及镀铬技术的使用对环境不友好,且生产成本高昂,因此优选不使用氧化铬。
发明内容
本发明的一个方面是提供一种金属对金属的轴承,所述轴承包括第一材料的轴承套和容纳于所述轴承套内的第二材料的滚珠,所述轴承套与滚珠间的接触面包括两个轴承工作面,其中,第一材料和第二材料中的一种材料为在其表面附近具有扩散区的钛合金,在该钛合金的表面上附着有氮化钛覆盖层以提供其中一个轴承工作面。
本发明的另一个方面是提供具有第一材料的轴承套和第二材料的滚珠的金属对金属的轴承的制造方法,其中所述第一材料和第二材料中的一种材料为钛合金,该方法包括:在钛合金的外表面上形成扩散区;和利用物理气相沉积法将覆盖层附着在所述扩散区表面上以形成轴承工作面。
为了使本发明更易于被理解,下面将参考附图通过实施例来对本发明的具体实施方式进行描述。
附图说明
图1是本发明的金属对金属的轴承的横截面示意图;
图2是如图1所示的轴承的轴承套与滚珠间的接触面的局部放大图;
图3是在180MPa的负载下,本发明的轴承及传统的使用铜合金和不锈钢的轴承的磨损与循环的关系图;
图4是本发明的两个轴承、传统的使用铜合金和不锈钢的轴承及钛/钛轴承的磨损与循环的关系图;和
图5是本发明的两个轴承及传统的使用铜合金和不锈钢的轴承的转矩与循环的关系图。
在图3中,测试条件为:
旋转角:+/-2.5度
速度:5周/分(cpm)
所有轴承仅在开始时上润滑油
压力:180MPa
在图4中,测试条件为:
旋转角:+/-2.5度
速度:5周/分(cpm)
所有轴承仅在开始时上润滑油
压力:80MPa
其中:为铍铜滚珠/不锈钢轴承套
为钛滚珠/钛轴承套
在图5中,测试条件为:
旋转角:+/-2.5度
速度:5周/分(cpm)
所有轴承仅在开始时上润滑油
压力:80MPa
具体实施方式
参考图1,本发明的金属对金属的轴承1包括轴承套2和容纳于轴承套2内的滚珠3。在滚珠的轴承工作面与具有轴承工作面的轴承套之间具有接触面4。在如图1所示的例子中,滚珠3的外表面具有覆盖层5。在这个例子中,滚珠3是由钛合金制成,而轴承套2是由铜合金制成。
在滚珠3的钛合金外表面通过氮扩散形成氮化物扩散区6(见图2),扩散区6可以硬化所述外表面和亚表面,并且可以提供能够被覆盖层5附着的优良表面。将覆盖层5施加于所述扩散区6的表面。该覆盖层为覆盖在钛合金表面上的氮化钛覆盖层。该覆盖层是由物理气相沉积(PVD)法所提供。PVD覆盖层能够牢固地附着在钛合金表面的扩散区6上,该附着效果要比在没有氮化物扩散区的钛合金表面上的附着效果好得多。
已经发现,上述工艺最好是在真空条件下在700℃进行,在此温度下对钛合金性能的有害影响最小,但是与直接将覆盖层沉积在未处理的钛合金表面(即表面不具有氮化物扩散区)上相比,覆盖层5与滚珠3的钛合金外表面中的扩散区6的附着性大大增强。
与其他可以采用的覆盖层相比,所得到的PVD覆盖层5具有显著的优势,原因是可以在覆盖之前对部件进行抛光和机械加工,使得零件可以互换而不必在覆盖之后进行进一步的机械加工。覆盖层和钛合金具有良好的抗腐蚀性,因此不再需要镀镉。
令人惊讶的是,研究结果表明(见图3到图5),当在飞机起落架条件下使用时,所述附着在氮化物扩散区上的PVD覆盖层的摩擦学特性可以与传统的钢/铜合金的金属对金属的轴承5相匹敌,而且还具有能够大大节省重量的优点,且不再需要使用对环境不友好的生产技术和材料。
在上述例子中,滚珠是由钛合金制成,而轴承套是由铜合金制成。这种材料的选择也可以进行对换,并将氮化钛覆盖层施加于与滚珠相邻的钛合金轴承套的表面。另外,轴承套和滚珠可以同时由钛合金制成,在此情况下,如图3到图5所示的实例的结果,可以为轴承套或滚珠、或同时为两者提供扩散区和PVD氮化钛覆盖层。同时,对于上述钛合金特别优选为钛6/4合金,也可以使用其他对于氮扩散表现出表面硬化且可以改善TiN覆盖层的附着性的钛合金。
Claims (8)
1.一种金属对金属的轴承,该轴承包括第一材料的轴承套和容纳于所述轴承套内的第二材料的滚珠,所述轴承套与滚珠间的接触面包括两个轴承工作面,其中,所述第一材料和第二材料中的一种材料为在其表面附近具有扩散区的钛合金,在该钛合金的表面上附着有氮化钛覆盖层以提供其中一个轴承工作面。
2.如权利要求1所述的轴承,其中所述第一材料和第二材料中的另一种材料是铜合金。
3.如权利要求1所述的轴承,其中所述第一材料和第二材料中的另一种材料是在轴承表面具有氮化钛覆盖层的钛合金。
4.如权利要求1~3中任意一项所述的轴承,其中所述覆盖层由物理气相沉积法进行施加。
5.如权利要求1~3中任意一项所述的轴承,其中所述扩散区是在钛合金表面上形成硬化亚表面的氮化物扩散区。
6.如权利要求4所述的轴承,其中所述扩散和物理气相沉积法在真空条件下在700℃进行。
7.具有第一材料的轴承套和第二材料的滚珠的金属对金属的轴承的制造方法,其中所述第一材料和第二材料中的一种材料为钛合金,该方法包括:
在钛合金的外表面上形成扩散区;和
利用物理气相沉积法将覆盖层附着在所述扩散区表面上以形成轴承工作面。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述扩散区是氮化物扩散区。
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GB0407313.6 | 2004-03-31 | ||
GB0407313A GB2412701B (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2004-03-31 | A metal-to-metal spherical bearing |
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CN100378352C true CN100378352C (zh) | 2008-04-02 |
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US (1) | US7165890B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1582756B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4570998B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN100378352C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE557192T1 (zh) |
GB (1) | GB2412701B (zh) |
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WO2012146650A1 (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2012-11-01 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Alloy for a Bearing Component |
WO2007039684A1 (fr) * | 2005-10-03 | 2007-04-12 | Marin Clausin | Dispositif de roulement destine a supporter des charges maximales tres importantes |
JP5172703B2 (ja) | 2006-01-18 | 2013-03-27 | スミス アンド ネフュー インコーポレーテッド | 拡散硬化技術の応用 |
US20070189649A1 (en) * | 2006-02-16 | 2007-08-16 | The Boeing Company | Lightweight bearing cartridge for wear application |
JP2007255712A (ja) * | 2006-03-21 | 2007-10-04 | Roller Bearing Co Of America Inc | ライナー及び表面処理面を有するチタン球面滑り軸受け |
SE0701358L (sv) * | 2007-06-01 | 2008-10-07 | Skf Ab | En lagerkomponent för ett rullningslager eller ett glidlager |
GB0805224D0 (en) * | 2008-03-20 | 2008-04-30 | Minebea Co Ltd | An aerospace bearing component |
EP2304253A2 (en) * | 2008-07-25 | 2011-04-06 | Cablecraft Motion Controls LLC | High-temperature bearing assemblies and methods of making the same |
US9732408B2 (en) | 2011-04-29 | 2017-08-15 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Heat-treatment of an alloy for a bearing component |
US10526909B2 (en) | 2014-01-20 | 2020-01-07 | United Technologies Corporation | Lightweight journal support pin |
DE102014107036B4 (de) | 2014-05-19 | 2015-12-10 | Hirschmann Gmbh | Gelenklager mit beschichteter Titankugel |
CN104264150B (zh) * | 2014-10-13 | 2020-01-07 | 中国人民解放军装甲兵工程学院 | 一种耐磨性和疲劳性能较好的TiN涂层模具 |
CN104342613A (zh) * | 2014-10-13 | 2015-02-11 | 中国人民解放军装甲兵工程学院 | 一种涂有TiN涂层的模具 |
FI126172B (sv) * | 2015-04-30 | 2016-07-29 | Fredrik Kjellman | Navkonstruktion för en roterbar stol |
CN104948572A (zh) * | 2015-06-17 | 2015-09-30 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 关节球轴承及其加工方法 |
CN106763169A (zh) * | 2017-03-06 | 2017-05-31 | 苏州蓝王机床工具科技有限公司 | 一种轴承支座 |
JP7168647B2 (ja) | 2017-03-29 | 2022-11-09 | エンジェル・エックス・インコーポレイテッド | X形継手および製造の方法 |
US10724575B2 (en) | 2017-06-15 | 2020-07-28 | Schaublin Sa | Metallic lined trunnion bearing for aircraft landing gear |
CN110630635B (zh) * | 2018-06-22 | 2022-11-29 | 肖柏林股份有限公司 | 用于飞行器起落架的金属内衬式耳轴承 |
DE102018131021A1 (de) * | 2018-12-05 | 2020-06-10 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Gelenklager |
GB2585834A (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2021-01-27 | Minebea Mitsumi Inc | Improvements in or relating to bearing arrangements |
WO2021067849A1 (en) | 2019-10-04 | 2021-04-08 | Angle X, Inc. | Improved mechanical joints and applications |
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- 2005-01-20 AT AT05001130T patent/ATE557192T1/de active
- 2005-01-24 US US11/041,494 patent/US7165890B2/en active Active
- 2005-03-03 CN CNB2005100510734A patent/CN100378352C/zh active Active
- 2005-03-29 JP JP2005094911A patent/JP4570998B2/ja active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1676959A (zh) | 2005-10-05 |
US20050220381A1 (en) | 2005-10-06 |
EP1582756A2 (en) | 2005-10-05 |
EP1582756B1 (en) | 2012-05-09 |
JP2005291495A (ja) | 2005-10-20 |
GB0407313D0 (en) | 2004-05-05 |
ATE557192T1 (de) | 2012-05-15 |
US7165890B2 (en) | 2007-01-23 |
GB2412701B (en) | 2006-03-22 |
EP1582756A3 (en) | 2010-01-06 |
JP4570998B2 (ja) | 2010-10-27 |
GB2412701A (en) | 2005-10-05 |
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