CN100355559C - 树脂管 - Google Patents
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- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
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- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
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- ICVBNINMOKOHSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].O[Si](O)(O)O Chemical compound [C].O[Si](O)(O)O ICVBNINMOKOHSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种具有多层结构的树脂管具有分别由热塑性树脂制成的多树脂层。该多树脂层中任意一层的表面涂有氧化硅膜。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于汽车燃油管道的树脂管,更具体而言,涉及一种涂有硅膜的树脂管。
背景技术
汽车燃油管一般都一直采用外表面镀有或涂有树脂薄膜的金属管。为提高这类管的耐蚀性和耐化学性,已在改进涂料和涂层结构方面作了许多努力。
最近,除了金属管外也已用树脂管作为燃油管道。树脂管有许多超过金属管的优点。树脂管不会生锈,容易加工,质轻且能提高设计的自由度。树脂对燃油的渗透性是用树脂管作燃油管中最严重的问题。近些年来在欧洲环境问题迫使对燃油管道实行严格的法律控制。传统的树脂管不能满足这些规定的低渗透性要求。
术语“低渗透性树脂”用来表示满足由下文渗透性试验法所确定质量的树脂。由SHED试验机进行的CARB DBL法是一种试验燃油管用树脂的代表性渗透性试验方法。
参考图6,试验一根内径为6mm、外径为8mm和长度等于或大于5m的树脂管2。该树脂管2的相对端通过密封接头5连接到一个不锈钢制成的密闭容器4。将充满试验燃油的树脂管2在40℃保持50天或更长时间进行预处理。然后,将预处理过的树脂管2连接到图中未示出的SHED试验机上。SHED试验机测量渗透过树脂管2的和树脂管2内所含试验燃油中所含的烃量。当测得的烃量等于或低于50mg/m·天时,形成树脂管2的树脂被称作低渗透性树脂。
传统树脂管中含有具有低渗透性的功能层且由低渗透性树脂制成。由于这种树脂管阻止燃油渗透的防渗透能力取决于形成功能层的低渗透性树脂的防渗透能力,所以树脂管防止燃油渗透的防渗透能力不会超过低渗透性树脂的防渗透能力。
发明内容
因此,本发明的一个目的是解决现有技术中的上述问题并提供一种外表面涂有硅膜的多层壁树脂管,以提高树脂管的防渗透能力。
本发明提供一种具有多层结构的树脂管,它包括分别由热塑性树脂制成的多树脂层,其中多树脂层中任意一层的表面涂有氧化硅膜。
在按照本发明的树脂管中,表面涂有氧化硅膜的树脂层可以是多树脂层中的最外一层。
在本发明的树脂管中,氧化硅膜可以在多树脂层的相邻树脂层之间形成。
本发明的树脂管还可包括涂在氧化硅膜外表面的保护层,以保护氧化硅膜。
在本发明的树脂管中,保护层可由橡胶或热塑性弹性体制成。
在本发明的树脂管中,氧化硅膜可以通过有机硅化合物在火焰中的燃烧反应形成。
在本发明的树脂管中,火焰可以由布置在树脂管喂入路径旁的至少一个燃烧器喷出,以在管上形成氧化硅膜。
在本发明的树脂管中,可以分别在喂入路径相对侧面斜对地布置2个燃烧器。
在本发明的树脂管中,燃烧器可以具有一个长度沿树脂管喂入方向的平火焰喷口,火焰通过其喷出,以在管上形成氧化硅膜。
在本发明的树脂管中,输运液化石油器(LPG)的液化石油气供料管(LPG供料管)和输运含有机硅化合物的加硅材料的加硅材料供料管可以与燃烧器连接,并且燃烧器可以具有一个LPG和加硅材料在其中燃烧的燃烧室。
本发明的树脂管可以用于汽车燃油管道。
由于本发明树脂管最外层的外表面涂有硅膜,所以渗透过树脂层的燃油会被硅膜阻止。因此该树脂管具有明显提高的防渗透能力。
附图说明
图1是本发明第一实施方案中树脂管的截面图。
图2是制造图1所示树脂管的树脂管生产线的流程示意图。
图3是辅助说明氧化硅膜形成过程的示意透视图。
图4是显示二氧化硅膜和一氧化硅膜各自防渗透能力的对比图。
图5是本发明第二实施方案中树脂管的截面图。
图6是辅助说明树脂管防渗能力试验法的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将参考附图描述本发明优选实施方案中的树脂管。
第一实施方案
参考图1,即本发明第一实施方案中树脂管的截面图,该树脂管具有三层树脂层。这三层是第一层,即内层,第二层,即粘合剂层,和第三层,即外层。第三层的外表面涂有氧化硅膜。第一和第三层由制造这类燃油管常用树脂中的任何一种树脂,如包括尼龙11、尼龙12和尼龙6在内的聚酰胺树脂制成。
参考图2,即以共挤出法制造树脂管的树脂管生产线示意图,该树脂管生产线构成如下:沿树脂管前进方向依次排布挤出机10、冷却装置11、拉紧装置12、涂布装置13、冷却装置14和拉紧装置15。
挤出机10分别挤出形成第一、第二和第三层的熔融树脂以形成树脂管。让该树脂管通过一个包括在冷却装置中的水槽,使树脂管冷却并定型。在形成第一、第二和第三层的树脂因此而固化之后,拉紧装置12拉紧树脂管并将该树脂管送至涂布装置13。涂布装置13在树脂管用围的空间内燃烧有机硅化合物与LPG,从而在第三层上涂布氧化硅膜。
图3显示包括在涂布装置13中的燃烧器16。在图3中,在30处标记的是自拉紧装置12送过来的树脂管。燃烧器16彼此斜对地布置在树脂管30沿其移动的喂入路径附近的相对侧面。这两个燃烧器16彼此斜对地布置,以在树脂管30上均匀涂布氧化硅膜。涂布装置13可以具有3或4个燃烧器代替2个燃烧器16。输运LPG的LPG供料管31和输运含有机硅化合物如硅酸碳(carbon silicate,SiC)的加硅材料的加硅材料供料管32分别与每个燃烧器16连接。每个燃烧器16具有一个平火焰喷口17。平火焰34通过火焰喷口17喷出。燃烧器16配有一个燃烧室。LPG和有机硅化合物在燃烧室内燃烧以引起有机硅化合物与烃之间的反应,由化学式(1)或(2)代表。火焰34通过火焰喷口17喷向树脂管30,在通过火焰34的树脂管30上涂布二氧化硅膜或一氧化硅膜。
SiC+C3H3+7O2→SiO2+4H2O+4CO2 …………(1)
2SiC+C3H3+7O2→2SiO+4H2O+4CO2…………(2)
当外表面涂有二氧化硅膜或一氧化硅膜的本发明树脂管用来形成汽车燃油管道时发挥下述作用。
非常少量的流过汽车燃油管道内树脂管的燃油会渗透过树脂管并外泄。所有种类的树脂对燃油或多或少都是可渗透的。乙烯-乙烯醇树脂(EvOH)是用作树脂管材料的功能树脂的一个实例。EvOH是一种具有优异气体阻隔特性的功能树脂。
表1给出了硅膜与EvOH膜渗透性试验的结果。从表1显然可以看到,硅膜对乙醇和蒸汽的渗透性比树脂膜中渗透性较低的EvOH膜的还要低。
该实施方案中的树脂管具有复合多层结构,它具有树脂体和涂在该体外表面的硅膜,所述树脂体由防渗能力低但价廉且加工性优异的树脂如聚酰胺树脂制成。透过该树脂体的燃油会被硅膜阻止。因此本发明树脂管的防渗透能力比由低渗透性树脂制成的传统树脂管的高得多。
硅膜有两类:第一类硅膜含一氧化硅为主要组分,第二类硅膜含二氧化硅为主要组分。虽然第一类与第二类硅膜的防渗透能力都比树脂膜的优越,但第一类与第二类硅膜在对气体(氧气)的渗透性上彼此有所不同,如图4所示。图4用对比方式分别给出了一氧化硅和二氧化硅膜对氧气的渗透性随温度的变化。由图4可清楚地看到,一氧化硅膜和二氧化硅膜各自的渗透性都随温度升高而增加,并且二氧化硅膜对气体的渗透性比一氧化硅膜的低得多。
一氧化硅膜或二氧化硅膜可通过适当调节涂布装置13的燃烧器16内的火焰温度选择性地形成在本实施方案中树脂管的外表面上。当以较高的速率向燃烧器16供应LPG且燃烧器16内的火焰具有1300~1600℃的较高火焰温度时,树脂管的外表面可被涂上二氧化硅膜。当以较低的速率向燃烧器16供应LPG且燃烧器16内的火焰具有800℃数量级的较低火焰温度时,树脂管的外表面可被涂上一氧化硅膜。
一氧化硅膜或二氧化硅膜可通过适当调节燃烧器内的火焰温度形成。因此,要求具有高防渗能力的树脂管要涂布二氧化硅膜,而要求具有中等防渗能力的树脂管要涂布一氧化硅膜。
第二实施方案
参考图5,即本发明第二实施方案中树脂管的截面图,该树脂管具有三层树脂层。这三层是第一层,即要暴露于燃油的内层,第二层,即粘合剂层,和第三层,即外层。与第一实施方案中树脂管第三层的外表面类似,第三层的外表面涂有氧化硅膜。第二实施方案中的树脂管与第一实施方案中树脂管的差别在于:氧化硅膜上涂有第四层,即保护层。优选作为保护层的第四层由热塑性弹性体或橡胶如EPDM制成。第四层保护氧化硅膜并提高树脂管的抗冲击性。因此保护氧化硅膜免受外部损伤作用,以使树脂管在长期使用中保持低渗透性。
表1硅膜与EvOH膜的渗透性试验
硅膜 | BvOH膜 | |
乙醇 | 0.007g.mm/m2.24h | 0.26.mm/m2.24h |
蒸汽 | 0.003g.mm/m2.24h | 2.00.mm/m2.24h |
Claims (9)
1.一种具有多层结构的树脂管,包含分别由热塑性树脂制成的多树脂层,
其中多树脂层中的最外层的表面涂有氧化硅膜。
2.按照权利要求1的树脂管,还包含涂在氧化硅膜外表面的保护层,以保护氧化硅膜。
3.按照权利要求2的树脂管,其中保护层由橡胶或热塑性弹性体制成。
4.按照权利要求1的树脂管,其中氧化硅膜通过有机硅化合物在火焰中的燃烧反应形成。
5.按照权利要求4的树脂管,其中火焰由布置在沿树脂管喂入路径旁的至少一个燃烧器喷出,以在管上形成氧化硅膜。
6.按照权利要求5的树脂管,其中两个燃烧器彼此斜对地分别布置在喂入路径的相对侧面。
7.按照权利要求5的树脂管,其中所述燃烧器具有一个火焰通过其喷出的平火焰喷口,并且该平火焰喷口的长度方向沿树脂管喂入方向,以在管上形成氧化硅膜。
8.按照权利要求5的树脂管,其中输运液化石油气的液化石油气供料管和输运含有机硅化合物的加硅材料的加硅材料供料管与燃烧器连接,并且燃烧器具有液化石油气和加硅材料在其中燃烧的燃烧室。
9.按照权利要求1的树脂管,其用于汽车燃油管道。
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