CA1100338A - Filler metal for welding aluminum alloys - Google Patents
Filler metal for welding aluminum alloysInfo
- Publication number
- CA1100338A CA1100338A CA312,788A CA312788A CA1100338A CA 1100338 A CA1100338 A CA 1100338A CA 312788 A CA312788 A CA 312788A CA 1100338 A CA1100338 A CA 1100338A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- filler metal
- copper
- magnesium
- weight
- weld
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
- Nonmetallic Welding Materials (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Filler metal for welding aluminum base alloys obtains improved resistance to stress corrosion cracking.
The composition of the filler metal includes a copper addition which suppresses weld boundary corrosion. High weld strengths are attained using the said filler metal.
The filler metal consists essentially of in weight %:
zinc from 0.05 to 0.25%; magnesium up to 5.5%; copper from 0.2 to 0.5%; manganese from 0.05 to 2.5%; titanium from 0.1 to 0.25%: chromium from 0.05 to 0.3%; and the balance aluminum.
Filler metal for welding aluminum base alloys obtains improved resistance to stress corrosion cracking.
The composition of the filler metal includes a copper addition which suppresses weld boundary corrosion. High weld strengths are attained using the said filler metal.
The filler metal consists essentially of in weight %:
zinc from 0.05 to 0.25%; magnesium up to 5.5%; copper from 0.2 to 0.5%; manganese from 0.05 to 2.5%; titanium from 0.1 to 0.25%: chromium from 0.05 to 0.3%; and the balance aluminum.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention concerns a filler metal for welding aluminum alloys, in particular for welding alloys of the AlZnMg type.
AlZnMg alloys have found wide application because of thelr good weldability, in particular because the weld region hardens at room temperature to the strength level Or the parent metal. Initial difficulties, which were due to poor - resistance to stress corrosion, were overcome by choosing the appropriate alloy composition, for example, by having an appropriate Zn/Mg ratio and by suitable heat treatment, for example, multi-stage artificial aging.
It is also known that additions of copper in amounts up to 2.0% to the AlZnMg type alloy raises the strength and to a large extent prevents stress corrosion cracking from occurring.
In using these alloys in welded construct~ons, howeYer, lt has been ~ound that the welds meet the requirements regarding stress corrosion and exfoliation corrosion susceptibility only when the construction has been heat treated as a whole. It has been found imposs~ble to comply with this requirement, in particular in the case Or large welded constructions.
.
11C~1?338 Various efforts have been made to improve the corrosion resistance of the weld by means of suitable filler metals.
Thus, for example, in the Aluminium Taschenbuch, 13th issue, Page 551, non age-hardenable alloys of the type AlSi, AlMg and AlMgMn have been suggested for welding AlZnMg 1. The corrosion problems are indeed solved this way, but only low weld strengths can be achieved with these materials. It is clear, therefore, that the high strength values which can be reached with AlZnMg alloys in welded constructions cannot be exploited with these materials.
Attempts have already been made to use AlZnMg alloys as filler metal. Thus, for example, in the German Patent DT-OS 22 34 111, an age-hardenable aluminum filler metal of the following composition has been proposed: zinc from 2.0 to 6.0g, magnesium from 1.5 to 5.0%, chromium from 0.1 to 0.7%, silver from 0.05 to 1.04%, bismuth from 0.001 to 1.0%, beryllium from 0.001 to 1.0%, zirconium from 0.05 to 0.2%, less than 0.4% manganese, less than 0.2% silicon, less than 0.5% iron, and less than 0.08% copper.
The mechanical properties in the weld which can be achieved with this filler metal are comparable with those of the parent metal. This filler metal also allowed the requirements regarding stress corrosion susceptibility to be satisfied to a large degree.
It has been found, however, that in spite of optimal heat treatment of the welded construction, there is relatively large
The invention concerns a filler metal for welding aluminum alloys, in particular for welding alloys of the AlZnMg type.
AlZnMg alloys have found wide application because of thelr good weldability, in particular because the weld region hardens at room temperature to the strength level Or the parent metal. Initial difficulties, which were due to poor - resistance to stress corrosion, were overcome by choosing the appropriate alloy composition, for example, by having an appropriate Zn/Mg ratio and by suitable heat treatment, for example, multi-stage artificial aging.
It is also known that additions of copper in amounts up to 2.0% to the AlZnMg type alloy raises the strength and to a large extent prevents stress corrosion cracking from occurring.
In using these alloys in welded construct~ons, howeYer, lt has been ~ound that the welds meet the requirements regarding stress corrosion and exfoliation corrosion susceptibility only when the construction has been heat treated as a whole. It has been found imposs~ble to comply with this requirement, in particular in the case Or large welded constructions.
.
11C~1?338 Various efforts have been made to improve the corrosion resistance of the weld by means of suitable filler metals.
Thus, for example, in the Aluminium Taschenbuch, 13th issue, Page 551, non age-hardenable alloys of the type AlSi, AlMg and AlMgMn have been suggested for welding AlZnMg 1. The corrosion problems are indeed solved this way, but only low weld strengths can be achieved with these materials. It is clear, therefore, that the high strength values which can be reached with AlZnMg alloys in welded constructions cannot be exploited with these materials.
Attempts have already been made to use AlZnMg alloys as filler metal. Thus, for example, in the German Patent DT-OS 22 34 111, an age-hardenable aluminum filler metal of the following composition has been proposed: zinc from 2.0 to 6.0g, magnesium from 1.5 to 5.0%, chromium from 0.1 to 0.7%, silver from 0.05 to 1.04%, bismuth from 0.001 to 1.0%, beryllium from 0.001 to 1.0%, zirconium from 0.05 to 0.2%, less than 0.4% manganese, less than 0.2% silicon, less than 0.5% iron, and less than 0.08% copper.
The mechanical properties in the weld which can be achieved with this filler metal are comparable with those of the parent metal. This filler metal also allowed the requirements regarding stress corrosion susceptibility to be satisfied to a large degree.
It has been found, however, that in spite of optimal heat treatment of the welded construction, there is relatively large
2~ susceptibility to weld boundary corrosion. Therefore, although adequate strength values are obtained with such welds, there are risks involved in their use in corrosive surroundings.
3o 110(~338 The inventor set himself the task of developing a filler metal which produces welds of the same strength as the parent metal and at the same time having good corrosion resistance in corrosive environments.
The object of the invention is fulfilled by way of the novel aluminum base alloy of the present invention, and specifically by way of a filler metal according to DIN 1732, sheet 1 to which has been added copper in the amount of 0.2 to 0.5%. Specifically, the alloys of the present invention consist essentially of in weight %:
zinc from 0.05 to 0.25%, magnesium up to 5.5% and prefer-ably from 0.05to 5.5%, copper from 0.2 to 0.5% and pre-ferably from 0.25 to 0.5%, manganese from 0.05 to 2.5%, titanium from 0.1 to 0.25%, chromium from 0.05 to 0.3%, and balance aluminum.
The alloys of the present invention suitably contain less than 0.3%, by weight, silicon and less than 0.4%, by weight, iron.
Copending Canadian patent application S.N. 305,738, filed June 19, 1978, Miroslav Pirner et al claims the addi-tion of copper to alloys of the AlMgZn type in order to develop a filler metal which produces welds of the same strength as the parent metal plus having good corrosion resistance.
It was found, surprisingly, in accordance with the present invention that the foregoing filler metals can be used for welding AlZnMg alloys without the previously mentioned disadvantages being encountered, when the fore-going copper addition is made to a filler metal of the types AlMg, AlMn, AlMgMn in the amounts according to the present invention. It is assumed that above all 110~338 the copper addition prevents both the occurrence of stress corroslon and weld boundary corrosion, and that the amounts Or manganese, titanium and chromium are responsible for reducing susceptlbility to weld cracking. Metallographic investigations have shown that the copper addition influences the cast structure during solidification of the weld bead, and consequently influences the boundary between the weld bead and the parent metal, in such a way that stress corrosion and in particular weld boundary corrosion are to a large extent avoided.
Particularly surprising was that the filler metal with the amount Or copper added in accordance with the present invention raised the resistance of the weld to stress corrosion considerably, without causing a corresponding increase in susceptibility to exroliation corrosion in the heat affected zone in the parent metal.
The filler metal of the invention has also been found to be suitable for welding constructional parts of AlZnMg alloys to parts made out of other types of alloys, such as, e.g, ~lMn or AlMg alloys.
The advantages of the weld filler metal of the invention will now be illustrated in some detail by means of the following examples.
EXAMPLE I
This example shows the results o~ testing welds in 4 mm thick sheet of an artificially aged AlZnMg 1 alloy, prepared using filler metal according to DIN 1732 and a filler metal according to the present invention and by means of various welding methods. The compositions of the flller metals are given in Tahle I. .
110~338 TABLE I
Filler Metal Mg Mn Cu Cr Zn Ti Fe Si D 4.9 0.35 0.05 0.120.12 0.17 0.38 0.30 E 4.8 0.35 0.31 0.150.15 0.14 0.25 0.20 Filler metal D corresponds to DIN 1732; filler metal E
contains the copper content in accordance with the present invention.
The results of' testing the welds f`or mechanical strength and corrosion resistance are given in TableII~
TABLE II
Average Lif'e-time of Jones Weld Stre2ngth test pieces Filler Metal Weldin~ Method(N/mm ) (days) D TIG,DC CHelium) 336 24 E TIG,DC ~Heliu~ 337 90 D MIG-Pulsed-Arc 305 21 E MIG-Pulsed-Arc 305 52 The corrosion resistance of the welds prepared using the filler metal composition of the present invention was markedly superior to those prepared using the f`iller metal in accordance with DIN 1732. This was particularly so in the case of the TIG,DC-Helium weld.
This invention may be embodied in other ~orms or carried out in other ways without departing f'rom the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiment is there~ore to be considered as in all respects illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims,
3o 110(~338 The inventor set himself the task of developing a filler metal which produces welds of the same strength as the parent metal and at the same time having good corrosion resistance in corrosive environments.
The object of the invention is fulfilled by way of the novel aluminum base alloy of the present invention, and specifically by way of a filler metal according to DIN 1732, sheet 1 to which has been added copper in the amount of 0.2 to 0.5%. Specifically, the alloys of the present invention consist essentially of in weight %:
zinc from 0.05 to 0.25%, magnesium up to 5.5% and prefer-ably from 0.05to 5.5%, copper from 0.2 to 0.5% and pre-ferably from 0.25 to 0.5%, manganese from 0.05 to 2.5%, titanium from 0.1 to 0.25%, chromium from 0.05 to 0.3%, and balance aluminum.
The alloys of the present invention suitably contain less than 0.3%, by weight, silicon and less than 0.4%, by weight, iron.
Copending Canadian patent application S.N. 305,738, filed June 19, 1978, Miroslav Pirner et al claims the addi-tion of copper to alloys of the AlMgZn type in order to develop a filler metal which produces welds of the same strength as the parent metal plus having good corrosion resistance.
It was found, surprisingly, in accordance with the present invention that the foregoing filler metals can be used for welding AlZnMg alloys without the previously mentioned disadvantages being encountered, when the fore-going copper addition is made to a filler metal of the types AlMg, AlMn, AlMgMn in the amounts according to the present invention. It is assumed that above all 110~338 the copper addition prevents both the occurrence of stress corroslon and weld boundary corrosion, and that the amounts Or manganese, titanium and chromium are responsible for reducing susceptlbility to weld cracking. Metallographic investigations have shown that the copper addition influences the cast structure during solidification of the weld bead, and consequently influences the boundary between the weld bead and the parent metal, in such a way that stress corrosion and in particular weld boundary corrosion are to a large extent avoided.
Particularly surprising was that the filler metal with the amount Or copper added in accordance with the present invention raised the resistance of the weld to stress corrosion considerably, without causing a corresponding increase in susceptibility to exroliation corrosion in the heat affected zone in the parent metal.
The filler metal of the invention has also been found to be suitable for welding constructional parts of AlZnMg alloys to parts made out of other types of alloys, such as, e.g, ~lMn or AlMg alloys.
The advantages of the weld filler metal of the invention will now be illustrated in some detail by means of the following examples.
EXAMPLE I
This example shows the results o~ testing welds in 4 mm thick sheet of an artificially aged AlZnMg 1 alloy, prepared using filler metal according to DIN 1732 and a filler metal according to the present invention and by means of various welding methods. The compositions of the flller metals are given in Tahle I. .
110~338 TABLE I
Filler Metal Mg Mn Cu Cr Zn Ti Fe Si D 4.9 0.35 0.05 0.120.12 0.17 0.38 0.30 E 4.8 0.35 0.31 0.150.15 0.14 0.25 0.20 Filler metal D corresponds to DIN 1732; filler metal E
contains the copper content in accordance with the present invention.
The results of' testing the welds f`or mechanical strength and corrosion resistance are given in TableII~
TABLE II
Average Lif'e-time of Jones Weld Stre2ngth test pieces Filler Metal Weldin~ Method(N/mm ) (days) D TIG,DC CHelium) 336 24 E TIG,DC ~Heliu~ 337 90 D MIG-Pulsed-Arc 305 21 E MIG-Pulsed-Arc 305 52 The corrosion resistance of the welds prepared using the filler metal composition of the present invention was markedly superior to those prepared using the f`iller metal in accordance with DIN 1732. This was particularly so in the case of the TIG,DC-Helium weld.
This invention may be embodied in other ~orms or carried out in other ways without departing f'rom the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiment is there~ore to be considered as in all respects illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims,
3~ and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency are intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (6)
1. An aluminum base alloy consisting essentially of in weight %: zinc from 0.05 to 0.25%; magnesium up to 5.5%;
copper from 0.2 to 0.5%; manganese from 0.05 to 2.5%;
titanium from 0.1 to 0.25%; chromium from 0.05 to 0.3%; and the balance aluminum.
copper from 0.2 to 0.5%; manganese from 0.05 to 2.5%;
titanium from 0.1 to 0.25%; chromium from 0.05 to 0.3%; and the balance aluminum.
2. An alloy according to claim 1, containing less than 0.3%, by weight, silicon and less than 0.4%, by weight, iron.
3. An alloy according to claim 2, containing from 0.05 to 5.5% magnesium and from 0.25 to 0.5% copper.
4. A filler metal for welding aluminum alloys consist-ing essentially of in weight %: zinc from 0.05 to 0.25%;
magnesium up to 5.5%; copper from 0.2 to 0.5%; manganese from 0.05 to 2.5%; titanium from 0.1 to 0.25%; chromium from 0.05 to 0.3%; and the balance aluminum.
magnesium up to 5.5%; copper from 0.2 to 0.5%; manganese from 0.05 to 2.5%; titanium from 0.1 to 0.25%; chromium from 0.05 to 0.3%; and the balance aluminum.
5. A filler metal for welding aluminum alloys of the AlZnMg type consisting essentially of in weight %: zinc from 0.05 to 0.25%; magnesium up to 5.5%; copper from 0.2 to 0.5%;
manganese from 0.05 to 2.5%; titanium from 0.1 to 0.25%;
chromium from 0.05 to 0.3%; less than 0.3% silicon; less than 0.4% iron; and the balance aluminum.
manganese from 0.05 to 2.5%; titanium from 0.1 to 0.25%;
chromium from 0.05 to 0.3%; less than 0.3% silicon; less than 0.4% iron; and the balance aluminum.
6. A filler metal according to claim 5, containing from 0.05 to 5.5% magnesium and from 0.25 to 0.5% copper.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA312,788A CA1100338A (en) | 1978-10-05 | 1978-10-05 | Filler metal for welding aluminum alloys |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA312,788A CA1100338A (en) | 1978-10-05 | 1978-10-05 | Filler metal for welding aluminum alloys |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1100338A true CA1100338A (en) | 1981-05-05 |
Family
ID=4112540
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA312,788A Expired CA1100338A (en) | 1978-10-05 | 1978-10-05 | Filler metal for welding aluminum alloys |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1100338A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11203801B2 (en) | 2019-03-13 | 2021-12-21 | Novelis Inc. | Age-hardenable and highly formable aluminum alloys and methods of making the same |
-
1978
- 1978-10-05 CA CA312,788A patent/CA1100338A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11203801B2 (en) | 2019-03-13 | 2021-12-21 | Novelis Inc. | Age-hardenable and highly formable aluminum alloys and methods of making the same |
| US11932924B2 (en) | 2019-03-13 | 2024-03-19 | Novelis, Inc. | Age-hardenable and highly formable aluminum alloys and methods of making the same |
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