BR9807254A - Prevenção da descoloração em composições de revestimento contendo piritiona - Google Patents

Prevenção da descoloração em composições de revestimento contendo piritiona

Info

Publication number
BR9807254A
BR9807254A BR9807254-4A BR9807254A BR9807254A BR 9807254 A BR9807254 A BR 9807254A BR 9807254 A BR9807254 A BR 9807254A BR 9807254 A BR9807254 A BR 9807254A
Authority
BR
Brazil
Prior art keywords
composition
pyrithione
discoloration
coating composition
weight
Prior art date
Application number
BR9807254-4A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Paul S Kappock
Patrick Flaherty
Original Assignee
Arch Chem Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=25188476&utm_source=***_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=BR9807254(A) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Arch Chem Inc filed Critical Arch Chem Inc
Publication of BR9807254A publication Critical patent/BR9807254A/pt

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/02—Emulsion paints including aerosols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/14—Paints containing biocides, e.g. fungicides, insecticides or pesticides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/16—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints
    • C09D5/1687—Use of special additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K15/00—Anti-oxidant compositions; Compositions inhibiting chemical change
    • C09K15/02—Anti-oxidant compositions; Compositions inhibiting chemical change containing inorganic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K15/00—Anti-oxidant compositions; Compositions inhibiting chemical change
    • C09K15/04—Anti-oxidant compositions; Compositions inhibiting chemical change containing organic compounds
    • C09K15/28—Anti-oxidant compositions; Compositions inhibiting chemical change containing organic compounds containing nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)

Abstract

<B>PREVENçãO DA DESCOLORAçãO EM COMPOSIçõES DE REVESTIMENTO CONTENDO PIRITIONA<D>. é divulgada uma composição de revestimento aquoso compreendendo: (a) água, (b) uma base média, (c) um sal de piritiona, em uma quantidade de 0,01% a 2,0% baseada no peso da composição, e (d) composto de óxido de zinco selecionado das muitas graduações adequadas para manufatura de tinta, a uma concentração de 0,001% a 10%, baseada no peso da composição de revestimento. Também foi divulgada uma composição de revestimento antimicrobiana, caracterizada pela eficácia anti-mofo e proteção contra descoloração atribuível à presença de piritiona nela, referida composição sendo selecionada do grupo consistido de tintas de base em água, adesivos, vedantes selantes, e combinações destes, a referida composição compreendendo água, um asl ou ácido de piritiona, uma base orgânica média e um composto de zinco, o referido íon zinco estando presente na referida composição em uma quantidade de 0,001% a 10%, baseada no peso da composição de revestimento.
BR9807254-4A 1997-02-21 1998-02-03 Prevenção da descoloração em composições de revestimento contendo piritiona BR9807254A (pt)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/804,225 US5939203A (en) 1995-02-03 1997-02-21 Discoloration prevention in pyrithione-containing coating compositions
PCT/US1998/001935 WO1998036904A1 (en) 1997-02-21 1998-02-03 Discoloration prevention in pyrithione-containing coating compositions

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
BR9807254A true BR9807254A (pt) 2000-05-02

Family

ID=25188476

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
BR9807254-4A BR9807254A (pt) 1997-02-21 1998-02-03 Prevenção da descoloração em composições de revestimento contendo piritiona

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US5939203A (pt)
EP (2) EP0963291B1 (pt)
JP (2) JP4937431B2 (pt)
KR (1) KR100525583B1 (pt)
CN (2) CN1250412A (pt)
AU (1) AU6261298A (pt)
BR (1) BR9807254A (pt)
CA (1) CA2282462C (pt)
DE (1) DE69829951T2 (pt)
DK (2) DK1348743T3 (pt)
ID (1) ID22477A (pt)
MY (1) MY116716A (pt)
TW (1) TW400367B (pt)
WO (1) WO1998036904A1 (pt)

Families Citing this family (70)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7026308B1 (en) 1999-06-25 2006-04-11 The Procter & Gamble Company Topical anti-microbial compositions
WO2001000021A1 (en) 1999-06-25 2001-01-04 Arch Chemicals, Inc. Pyrithione biocides enhanced by silver, copper, or zinc ions
US7674785B2 (en) * 2000-06-22 2010-03-09 The Procter & Gamble Company Topical anti-microbial compositions
DE10040814A1 (de) * 2000-08-21 2002-03-07 Thor Gmbh Synergistische Biozidzusammensetzung
KR100710557B1 (ko) * 2000-12-16 2007-04-24 에스케이 주식회사 신규한 살균 조성물 및 이의 용도
EP1409597A1 (fr) * 2001-04-20 2004-04-21 Nickolas Bizzio Procede pour realiser des peintures, surtout en melangeant des quantites predeterminees de produits fluides
US7098256B2 (en) * 2001-10-10 2006-08-29 Microban Products Company Antimicrobial radiation curable coating
GB0129886D0 (en) 2001-12-14 2002-02-06 Medtrade Products Ltd Scar management composition
US7767010B2 (en) * 2002-01-16 2010-08-03 Smt, Inc. Flame retardant and microbe inhibiting methods and compositions
US8715540B2 (en) * 2002-01-16 2014-05-06 MG3 Technologies Inc. Aqueous and dry duel-action flame and smoke retardant and microbe inhibiting compositions, and related methods
US8119168B2 (en) * 2002-04-22 2012-02-21 The Procter & Gamble Company Personal care compositions comprising a zinc containing material in an aqueous surfactant composition
AU2003218279A1 (en) * 2002-04-22 2003-11-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Use of materials having zinc ionophoric behavior
US9381382B2 (en) * 2002-06-04 2016-07-05 The Procter & Gamble Company Composition comprising a particulate zinc material, a pyrithione or a polyvalent metal salt of a pyrithione and a gel network
US8349302B2 (en) * 2002-06-04 2013-01-08 The Procter & Gamble Company Shampoo containing a gel network and a non-guar galactomannan polymer derivative
US8367048B2 (en) * 2002-06-04 2013-02-05 The Procter & Gamble Company Shampoo containing a gel network
US8361450B2 (en) 2002-06-04 2013-01-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Shampoo containing a gel network and a non-guar galactomannan polymer derivative
US8349301B2 (en) 2002-06-04 2013-01-08 The Procter & Gamble Company Shampoo containing a gel network
US8491877B2 (en) * 2003-03-18 2013-07-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Composition comprising zinc-containing layered material with a high relative zinc lability
US20050202984A1 (en) * 2003-03-18 2005-09-15 Schwartz James R. Composition comprising zinc-containing layered material with a high relative zinc lability
US8361448B2 (en) * 2002-06-04 2013-01-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Shampoo containing a gel network
US8470305B2 (en) 2002-06-04 2013-06-25 The Procter & Gamble Company Shampoo containing a gel network
US9381148B2 (en) 2003-03-18 2016-07-05 The Procter & Gamble Company Composition comprising particulate zinc material with a high relative zinc lability
US6893752B2 (en) 2002-06-28 2005-05-17 United States Gypsum Company Mold-resistant gypsum panel and method of making same
US20040116016A1 (en) * 2002-12-13 2004-06-17 Yadollah Delaviz Method for the addition of anti-microbial compounds to fiberglas insulation products
SE0300642D0 (sv) 2003-03-11 2003-03-11 Pergo Europ Ab Process for sealing a joint
US20040191331A1 (en) * 2003-03-18 2004-09-30 The Procter & Gamble Company Composition comprising particulate zinc materials having a defined crystallite size
US20040213751A1 (en) * 2003-03-18 2004-10-28 Schwartz James Robert Augmentation of pyrithione activity or a polyvalent metal salt of pyrithione activity by zinc-containing layered material
JP2004315507A (ja) * 2003-04-07 2004-11-11 Rohm & Haas Co 殺微生物組成物
JP2004307482A (ja) * 2003-04-07 2004-11-04 Rohm & Haas Co 殺微生物組成物
JP2004307483A (ja) * 2003-04-07 2004-11-04 Rohm & Haas Co 殺微生物組成物
US7056582B2 (en) * 2003-04-17 2006-06-06 Usg Interiors, Inc. Mold resistant acoustical panel
US20060051402A1 (en) * 2004-09-08 2006-03-09 Abilityone Corporation Splinting orthopedic and rehabilitative product
US7893047B2 (en) 2006-03-03 2011-02-22 Arch Chemicals, Inc. Biocide composition comprising pyrithione and pyrrole derivatives
US20070224135A1 (en) * 2006-03-24 2007-09-27 Xianbin Liu Stable aqueous suspension concentrate for delivery of UV-labile water-insoluble biocides
US9723842B2 (en) * 2006-05-26 2017-08-08 Arch Chemicals, Inc. Isothiazolinone biocides enhanced by zinc ions
US8309231B2 (en) 2006-05-31 2012-11-13 Usg Interiors, Llc Acoustical tile
CA2687302A1 (en) * 2007-05-17 2008-11-27 Cook Composites & Polymers Company Aqueous dispersion of zinc compound modified polymers
US20090298968A1 (en) * 2008-06-03 2009-12-03 Rafael Bury Decorative composition and method of using it
KR100894446B1 (ko) * 2008-12-05 2009-04-22 (주)종합건축사사무소범건축 수용성 방수도료의 제조방법
JP5476908B2 (ja) * 2009-10-07 2014-04-23 パナソニック株式会社 防かび用塗膜及びその防かび用塗膜処理方法
EP2536557A4 (en) 2010-02-17 2014-08-20 Henry Co Llc ARCHITECTURAL BARRIERS MITIGATING MICROBES, COMPOSITIONS FOR FORMING SUCH BARRIERS AND RELATED METHODS
ES2592579T3 (es) * 2010-02-23 2016-11-30 Clariant S.A. Procedimiento para la encapsulación concomitante de compuestos activos como biocidas en minerales arcillosos funcionalizados por compuestos nitrogenados
AU2011254206B2 (en) 2010-05-20 2015-06-25 Ecolab Usa Inc. Rheology modified low foaming liquid antimicrobial compositions and methods of use thereof
US8617718B2 (en) * 2010-10-06 2013-12-31 United States Gypsum Company Mold-resistant gypsum panel paper
JP5364935B2 (ja) 2010-11-09 2013-12-11 ダウ グローバル テクノロジーズ エルエルシー フルメツラムまたはジクロスラムとジンクピリチオンとの相乗的組み合わせ
JP5529834B2 (ja) 2010-12-22 2014-06-25 ダウ グローバル テクノロジーズ エルエルシー グリホサート化合物とｚｐｔとの相乗的組み合わせ
MX337661B (es) 2011-10-07 2016-03-14 Procter & Gamble Composicion de champu que contiene una red de gel.
US20140038933A1 (en) 2012-07-31 2014-02-06 Arch Chemicals, Inc. Composition and Method For Preventing Discoloration of Pyrithione Containing Compositions
JP6444875B2 (ja) 2012-10-12 2018-12-26 アーチ・ケミカルズ・インコーポレーテッド 鉄キレーターを含む殺生物性組成物
EP2749167A1 (de) * 2012-12-28 2014-07-02 Sanitized AG Formulierung zur antimikrobiellen Ausrüstung von Polyvinylchlorid-Zusammensetzungen
WO2014102228A1 (de) * 2012-12-28 2014-07-03 Sanitized Ag Formulierung zur antimikrobiellen ausrüstung von polymer-zusammensetzungen
ES2880600T3 (es) * 2013-03-28 2021-11-25 Parx Mat N V Polímeros antibacterianos y método para obtener los mismos
JP6139969B2 (ja) * 2013-05-13 2017-05-31 アイカ工業株式会社 水系塗材組成物
JP6076220B2 (ja) * 2013-07-31 2017-02-08 アイカ工業株式会社 水系塗材組成物
CN112616848A (zh) 2013-11-19 2021-04-09 奥麒化工股份有限公司 增强了的防腐剂
DE102014210211A1 (de) * 2014-05-28 2015-12-03 Mahle International Gmbh Verdampfereinrichtung für eine Klimaanlage
SG11201610404WA (en) 2014-06-27 2017-01-27 Jubilant Life Sciences Ltd Synergistic antimicrobial composition of zinc pyrithione
US10945935B2 (en) 2016-06-27 2021-03-16 The Procter And Gamble Company Shampoo composition containing a gel network
JP6938868B2 (ja) * 2016-08-24 2021-09-22 凸版印刷株式会社 澱粉起因の変色の抑制機能付き発泡壁紙用原反、澱粉起因の変色の抑制機能付き発泡壁紙及び澱粉起因の変色の抑制機能付き発泡壁紙の製造方法
US11510854B2 (en) 2017-03-23 2022-11-29 Conopco, Inc. Hair care composition
KR102385401B1 (ko) * 2017-09-26 2022-04-08 다우 글로벌 테크놀로지스 엘엘씨 수성 중합체 조성물
KR101973775B1 (ko) * 2017-11-09 2019-04-30 에스엠화학 주식회사 항균 마스터 배치 조성물
JP7274507B2 (ja) 2018-06-05 2023-05-16 ザ プロクター アンド ギャンブル カンパニー 透明な洗浄組成物
CN109537305B (zh) * 2018-11-20 2021-03-05 浙江梅盛实业股份有限公司 一种具有抑菌功能的超细纤维绒面人工皮革及其制备方法
MX2021005464A (es) 2018-12-14 2021-06-18 Procter & Gamble Composicion de champu que comprende microcapsulas de tipo lamina.
US11896689B2 (en) 2019-06-28 2024-02-13 The Procter & Gamble Company Method of making a clear personal care comprising microcapsules
US11932448B2 (en) 2020-02-14 2024-03-19 The Procter & Gamble Company Bottle adapted for storing a liquid composition with an aesthetic design suspended therein
US20230323112A1 (en) * 2020-07-14 2023-10-12 Sumitomo Seika Chemicals Co., Ltd. Composition containing polyester resin
US11633072B2 (en) 2021-02-12 2023-04-25 The Procter & Gamble Company Multi-phase shampoo composition with an aesthetic design
WO2024006517A1 (en) * 2022-07-01 2024-01-04 Arxada, LLC Copper containing compounds and compositions for antimicrobial paint and coating

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2809971A (en) * 1955-11-22 1957-10-15 Olin Mathieson Heavy-metal derivatives of 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethiones and method of preparing same
US3159640A (en) * 1963-04-23 1964-12-01 Olin Mathieson Process for preparing 2-mercaptopyridine-nu oxide
US4161526A (en) * 1978-07-20 1979-07-17 Sterling Drug Inc. Zinc salt prevention or removal of discoloration in pyrithione, pyrithione salt and dipyrithione compositions
US4565856A (en) * 1984-10-12 1986-01-21 Olin Corporation Pyrithione-containing bioactive polymers and their use in paint and wood preservative products
US4818436A (en) * 1987-08-31 1989-04-04 Olin Corporation Process and composition for providing reduced discoloration of pyrithiones
US4957658A (en) * 1987-08-31 1990-09-18 Olin Corporation Process and composition for providing reduced discoloration caused by the presence of pyrithione and ferric ion in water-based paints and paint bases
GB8811948D0 (en) 1988-05-20 1988-06-22 Ici Plc Composition & use
EP0499817B1 (en) * 1991-01-30 1995-05-17 Dai Nippon Toryo Co., Ltd. Antifouling coating composition
US5562995A (en) * 1995-02-03 1996-10-08 Olin Corporation Discoloration prevention in pyrithione-containing coating compositions
US5518774A (en) * 1995-06-26 1996-05-21 Olin Corporation In-can and dry coating antimicrobial

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
MY116716A (en) 2004-03-31
KR20000075547A (ko) 2000-12-15
EP1348743A1 (en) 2003-10-01
WO1998036904A1 (en) 1998-08-27
DE69829951T2 (de) 2006-02-23
CN1250412A (zh) 2000-04-12
EP1348743B1 (en) 2011-10-26
EP0963291B1 (en) 2005-04-27
US5939203A (en) 1999-08-17
EP0963291A1 (en) 1999-12-15
EP0963291A4 (en) 2000-05-17
DK1348743T3 (da) 2012-02-13
DK0963291T3 (da) 2005-08-08
CN1624055A (zh) 2005-06-08
JP5872133B2 (ja) 2016-03-01
CN100497494C (zh) 2009-06-10
JP2009108326A (ja) 2009-05-21
CA2282462A1 (en) 1998-08-27
DE69829951D1 (de) 2005-06-02
ID22477A (id) 1999-10-21
AU6261298A (en) 1998-09-09
JP4937431B2 (ja) 2012-05-23
TW400367B (en) 2000-08-01
CA2282462C (en) 2007-07-31
KR100525583B1 (ko) 2005-11-03
JP2001513123A (ja) 2001-08-28

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
BR9807254A (pt) Prevenção da descoloração em composições de revestimento contendo piritiona
KR100351016B1 (ko) 피리티온함유피복조성물로도포된기판
ES2343472T3 (es) Preparacion para el acabado fungicida y algicida de las composiciones de revestimiento alcalinas.
RU2008148799A (ru) Иммобилизованный 1,2-бензизотиазолинон-3
PL349735A1 (en) Two-component aqueous protective coating composition
CA2109624A1 (en) Denture stabilizing compositions having improved hold
BR9002106A (pt) Sal parcial misto de um copolimero de vinil eter de alquila inferior-acido maleico e composicao de estabilizacao de dentadura
CA2098826A1 (en) Denture stabilizing compositions having improved hold
JP2001278863A (ja) ピリチオン含有組成物の変色防止または改善方法および変色が防止された組成物
BR9913228A (pt) Composições de pigmentos contendo derivados de amido ftalocianina substituìda
JP3085750B2 (ja) 抗菌性樹脂または抗菌性塗料
EP1450823B1 (en) Biocidal mixture of 2-propenal-releasing polymer and isothiazolones
JPS6257671B2 (pt)
BRPI0417930A (pt) meios para proteção de materiais técnicos
JPS56113704A (en) Fungicide and mildewcide composition
RU99120107A (ru) Предотвращение изменения цвета содержащих пиритион композиций для покрытий

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
B07A Application suspended after technical examination (opinion) [chapter 7.1 patent gazette]
B09A Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]
B16A Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]

Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 03/02/1998, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS.

B15K Others concerning applications: alteration of classification

Ipc: C09D 5/14 (2006.01), A01N 43/40 (2006.0

B21A Expiry acc. art. 78, item i of ipl- expiry of the term of protection