BR0113118B1 - composição de graxa, e, uso da mesma. - Google Patents

composição de graxa, e, uso da mesma. Download PDF

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Publication number
BR0113118B1
BR0113118B1 BRPI0113118-4A BR0113118A BR0113118B1 BR 0113118 B1 BR0113118 B1 BR 0113118B1 BR 0113118 A BR0113118 A BR 0113118A BR 0113118 B1 BR0113118 B1 BR 0113118B1
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Brazil
Prior art keywords
benzotriazole
grease composition
hydroxy
phenyl
grease
Prior art date
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BRPI0113118-4A
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English (en)
Other versions
BR0113118A (pt
Inventor
Kouichi Nakazawa
Takahiro Ozaki
Noriaki Shinoda
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Publication date
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Publication of BR0113118A publication Critical patent/BR0113118A/pt
Publication of BR0113118B1 publication Critical patent/BR0113118B1/pt

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    • C10M115/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a non-macromolecular organic compound other than a carboxylic acid or salt thereof
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Description

"COMPOSIÇÃO DE GRAXA, Ε, USO DA MESMA"
A presente invenção refere-se a uma composição de graxa quepossui propriedades de prevenção ao enferrujamento e de resistência à abrasãomelhoradas.
Graxas de pressão extrema possuem muitos usos, por causa desua excelente resistência à abrasão e de sua capacidade para suportar cargas,por exemplo em mancais e engrenagens em automóvel, ferro e aço, ferrovia, evários outros dispositivos mecânicos industriais.
Típicas composições de graxa de pressão extrema são em geralaquelas que contêm, em vários tipos de graxa, aditivos tais como sulfetos deolefina, sulfetos de gorduras e de óleos, agentes de pressão extrema baseadosem enxofre-fósforo, dissulfeto de molibdênio, compostos de organomolibdênio,compostos de chumbo e ditiofosfato de zinco.
A arte recente tem descoberto composições de graxa contendotiossulfato de molibdênio, que possuem excelentes propriedades de pressãoextrema: nos Relatórios Descritivos da Patente Japonesa Publicada 3-131690,da Patente Japonesa Publicada JP 11-35965 e da Patente dos Estados UnidosUS 4.923.625.
Contudo, a resistência à abrasão nestes documentos da arteanterior é insatisfatória e há outra possibilidade de que o enferrujamento seráinduzido porque o tiossulfato de sódio possui a propriedade de absorção deumidade. Em particular, visto que os mancais e as engrenagens de equipamentode aço e de maquinário de alimentos são lubrificados sob condições nas quaishá grandes quantidades de água, a produção de ferrugem é promovida eproblemas com respeito à lubrificação são prontamente produzidos.
Portanto, é altamente desejável que haja a capacidade deproporcionar composições de graxas nas quais as propriedades de pressãoextrema das composições de graxa que contêm tiossulfato de sódio tambémsejam mantidas, enquanto que a produção de ferrugem seja inibida e aresistência à abrasão também seja melhorada.
A presente invenção proporciona uma composição de graxacompreendendo um óleo base e um espessante, cuja graxa compreendeadicionalmente de 0,05% a 30% em peso de tiossulfato de sódio e pelo menos0,1% em peso de um ou mais aditivos (A) selecionado(s) do grupo consistindode salicilato de cálcio, salicilato de magnésio, fenato de cálcio e/ou sulfonato decálcio, baseado na composição de graxa total.
Em uma modalidade preferida, a composição de graxa dapresente invenção compreende adicionalmente pelo menos 0,1% em peso deum composto de benzotriazol (B), baseado na composição de graxa total.
Nas composições de graxa de acordo com a presente invenção, oespessante pode ser agentes tais como compostos de uréia, sabões de lítio,sabões de complexo de lítio e sabões de complexo de alumínio, que podem serusados individualmente ou como misturas. Em adição aos compostos possuindoligações de uréia, os compostos de uréia podem naturalmente ser compostoscontendo tanto ligações de uréia quanto ligações de uretano. Espessante dediuréia, de triuréia e/ou de tetrauréia podem ser convenientemente utilizados.Compostos de uréia-imido também podem ser convenientemente empregadoscomo espessantes.
Em uma modalidade preferida da presente invenção, de 2 a 35%em peso de espessante é usado, baseado na composição de graxa total.
Os óleos base utilizados de acordo com a invenção podemempregar óleos vegetais; óleos minerais; e óleos sintéticos, tais como óleos deéster, óleos de éter e óleos de hidrocarboneto.
O tiossulfato de sódio usado de acordo com a invenção pode serNa2SaO3 (anidro) ou Na2S2O3JH2O (o penta-hidrato), ou misturas destes.Aditivos comerciais contendo tiossulfato de sódio também podem ser usados(por exemplo, Desilube 88, Desilube Technology Incorporated, USA).A quantidade de tiossulfato de sódio adicionada estápreferivelmente dentro da faixa de 0,2% a 20% em peso, com maior preferênciadentro da faixa de 0,2% a 10% em peso, com maior preferência dentro da faixade 0,2% a 8% em peso e mais preferivelmente dentro da faixa de 0,5% a 6% empeso, baseado na composição de graxa total.
Preferivelmente, os um ou mais aditivos (A) selecionados dogrupo consistindo de salicilato de cálcio, salicilato de magnésio, fenato decálcio e/ou sulfonato de cálcio, estão, cada um, presentes em uma quantidadedentro da faixa de 0,1% a 5% em peso, com maior preferência dentro da faixade 0,2% a 3% em peso, baseado na composição de graxa total.
O composto de benzotriazol (B) está preferivelmente presenteem uma quantidade dentro da faixa de 0,1% a 5% em peso, com maiorpreferência dentro da faixa de 0,2% a 3% em peso, baseado na composição degraxa total.
Quando houver menos do que 0,1% em peso de aditivo (A)acima mencionado, o efeito de prevenção ao enferrujamento será inadequado e,quando houver menos do que 0,1% em peso do aditivo (B) acima mencionado,o efeito de promoção de resistência à abrasão será inadequado.
Quando houver mais do que 5% em peso de qualquer aditivo,haverá aumento limitado ou nenhum aumento adicional em seus efeitos.
Exemplos de benzotriazóis (B) acima mencionados incluem1,2,3-benzotriazol, 2-(2'-hidróxi-5'-metil-fenil)-benzotriazol, 2-[2'-hidróxi-3'-(3",4",5",6"-tetra-hidro-ftalimido-metil)-5'-metil-fenil]-benzotriazol, 2-(2'-hidróxi-3',5'-di-terciário-butil-fenil)-benzotriazol, 2-(2'-hidróxi-5'-terciário-octil-fenil)-benzotriazol, 2-(2,-hidróxi-3,,5'-di-terciário-amil-fenil)-benzotriazol,2-[2'-hidróxi-3^5M-bis(a,a-dimetil-benzil)-fenil]-2H-benzotriazol e 2-(2'-hidróxi-3'-undecil-5'-metil-fenil)-benzotriazol.
A composição de graxa da presente invenção pode compreenderadicionalmente aditivos adicionais, por exemplo, antioxidantes, tais comoaminas e fenóis; aditivos de pressão extrema, tais como sulfetos de olefina esulfetos de óleo e de gordura; agentes de resistência à abrasão / de pressãoextrema, tais como fosfitos e fosfatos; espessantes, tais como polibutenos epolimetacrilatos; lubrificantes sólidos, tais como nitreto de boro e dissulfeto demolibdênio; e vários outros aditivos.
As composições de graxa de acordo com a presente invençãopodem ser preparadas quer por pré-misturação de o tiossulfato de sódio, os umou mais aditivos (A) selecionados do grupo consistindo de salicilato de cálcio,salicilato de magnésio, fenato de cálcio e/ou sulfonato de cálcio e quaisqueroutros aditivos a serem incorporados no óleo base e adição da mistura em umagraxa base compreendendo óleo base e espessante, quer pela incorporação decada aditivo na graxa base individualmente. Isto pode ser realizado viamisturação quente ou iria seguida por homogeneização para garantir dispersãouniforme dos componentes aditivos.
A composição de graxa da presente invenção pode serconvenientemente empregada em mancais, engrenagens e juntas tais comojuntas de velocidade constante.
A invenção agora será descrita com referência aos seguintesexemplos, que não são intencionados de nenhum modo para limitarem o escopoda presente invenção.
Exemplos:
Preparação de composições de graxa:
As graxas de Exemplo e de Exemplo Comparativo foram obtidasde acordo com as formulações dadas nas Tabelas 1 a 9 pela adição dos aditivoscorrespondentes aos acima mencionados aditivos (A) e (B), ou outros aditivos,nas graxas base e tratamento destas com um moinho de três rolos. Ascomposições das graxas base são dadas abaixo.
I. Graxa base de uréia:
Difenil-metano-4,4'-diisocianato (295,2 g) e octil-amina (304,8g) foram reagidos em óleo mineral purificado (viscosidade cinemática,aproximadamente de 15 mm2/s a 100°C; 5.400 g); o composto de uréia obtidofoi dispersado uniformemente, de modo que fosse obtida uma graxa base deuréia de consistência 289 (a 25°C, 60 W) e ponto de gota de 263°C. O conteúdode composto de uréia foi de 10% em peso.
II. Graxa base de sabão de lítio:
Uma graxa base de sabão de lítio de consistência 268 (a 25°C,60 W) e ponto de gota de 199°C foi obtida pela dispersão de 12-hidróxi-estearato de lítio (600 g) uniformemente, pela sua dissolução, em óleo mineralpurificado (viscosidade cinemática, aproximadamente 15 mm2/s a 100°C; 5.400g). O conteúdo de sabão de lítio foi de 10% em peso.
III. Graxa base de sabão de complexo de lítio:
Ácido 12-hidróxi-esteárico (350 g) e hidróxido de lítio (50,5 g)foram reagidos em óleo mineral purificado (viscosidade cinemática,aproximadamente 11 mm2/s a 100°C; 4.165 g), após o qual uma graxa base desabão de lítio composto de consistência 281 (a 25°C, 60 W) e ponto de gota de259°C foi obtida pela reação de ácido azeláico (120,65 g) e hidróxido de lítio(59,0 g) e por tratamento de dispersão uniforme. O conteúdo de sabão decomplexo de lítio foi de 10,4% em peso.
IV) Graxa base de sabão de complexo de alumínio:
Ácido benzóico (158,22 g) e ácido esteárico (334,8 g) foramdissolvidos em óleo mineral purificado (viscosidade cinemática,aproximadamente 11 mm2/s a 100°C; 4.272 g), após o qual uma graxa base desabão de alumínio composto de consistência 279 (a 25°C, 60 W) e ponto degota de 258°C foi obtida pela realização de uma reação pela adição de fluidolubrificante propilato de óxido de alumínio cíclico [Nome comercial: Arugoma(Algomer), fabricado pela Sengen Fain Kemikaru (Sengen Fine Chemicals) K.K.]; o sabão produzido foi tratado para ser uniformemente dispersado. Oconteúdo de sabão de complexo de alumínio foi de 11% em peso. A razãomolar de ácido benzóico (BA) e ácido esteárico (FA) foi tomada como BA/FA= 1,1:1 e a razão molar de ácido benzóico mais ácido esteárico para o alumíniofoi tomada como (BA + FA)/A1 = 1,9:1.
As propriedades de prevenção ao enferrujamento, de abrasão epressão extrema foram avaliadas pela realização de testes de prevenção aoenferrujamento (testes de umidade) e testes de quatro bolas (testes EP e testesde resistência à abrasão).
Testes de umidade:
Amostras das graxas foram uniformemente revestidas sobre todaa superfície de peças de teste, em um tal modo que a quantidade de graxarevestida sobre a superfície de uma peça de teste foi de 0,30 g ± 0,05 g, comodescrito de acordo com os testes de umidade K2220 5.17 de JIS (JapaneseIndustrial Standard). As placas de aço nas quais uma graxa havia sido aplicadaforam suspensas dentro uma cabine de umidade em uma temperatura de 49°C eem uma umidade relativa de pelo menos 95% e o grau de enferrujamento após 2semanas foi expressado como uma graduação de JIS K2246.
<table>table see original document page 7</column></row><table>
Testes EP:
Cargas de expansão (N) foram testadas por testes de quatrobolas de acordo com ASTM (American Society for Testing Materials) D2596.
Condições de teste:
Velocidade de rotação: 1.770 ± 60 rpm
Temperatura: 27° ± 8°C
Tempo 10 ± 0,2 s
Testes de resistência à abrasão:Os diâmetros das marcas de abrasão sobre as bolas usadas nostestes de quatro bolas foram medidos de acordo com ASTM D2266.
Condições de teste:
Velocidade de rotação: 1.200 ± 50 rpm
Temperatura: 75°± 1,7°C
Carga: 40 ± 2 kgf (392 ± 2 N)
Tempo: 60 ± 1 min
Aditivos:
Nas tabelas abaixo, *1 a *10 são os seguintes:
Desilube 88, * 1, é um Nome Comercial da Desilube TechnologyIncorporated, para um aditivo inorgânico de S-P contendo tiossulfato de sódio.
Os produtos abaixo correspondem ao aditivo (A) acimamencionado de acordo com a invenção.
SAP001, *2, é um Nome Comercial da Infineum Limited, parasalicilato de cálcio.
SAP007, *3, é um Nome Comercial da Infineum Limited, parasalicilato de magnésio.
OLOA219, *4, é um Nome Comercial da Oronaito Japan (K.K.), para fenato de cálcio.
NA-SUL 729, *5, é um Nome Comercial da King IndustriesIncorporated para sulfonato de cálcio.
O produto abaixo corresponde ao aditivo (B) acima mencionadode acordo com a invenção.
BT-120, *6, é um Nome Comercial da Shirokitai Kagaku(Shirokita Chemicals) (k. K.) para 1,2,3-benzotriazol.
Os seguintes são aditivos diferentes de (A) e (B).
NA-SUL ZS, *7, é um Nome Comercial da King IndustriesIncorporated para sulfonato de zinco.
Dailube Z-5000, *8, é um Nome Comercial da Dainippon InkiKagaku Kogyo (Dainippon Ink and Chemicals) (Κ. K.), para naftenato de zincodiluído em óleo mineral (5% de metal zinco).
NA-SUL SS5 *9, é Nome Comercial da King IndustriesIncorporated para sulfonato de sódio.
NA-SUL 707, *10, é Nome Comercial da King IndustriesIncorporated para sulfonato de lítio.<table>table see original document page 10</column></row><table><table>table see original document page 11</column></row><table><table>table see original document page 12</column></row><table><table>table see original document page 13</column></row><table><table>table see original document page 14</column></row><table><table>table see original document page 15</column></row><table><table>table see original document page 16</column></row><table><table>table see original document page 17</column></row><table><table>table see original document page 18</column></row><table>Efeitos da invenção:
Como é claro dos Exemplos nas Tabelas 1 a 5 e dos ExemplosComparativos nas Tabelas 6 a 9, as composições de graxa de acordo com ainvenção nas quais os acima mencionados aditivos (A) são adicionados nascomposições de graxa dentro das quais tiossulfato de sódio tem sidocomposto possuem excelentes propriedades de pressão extrema e seudesempenho de prevenção ao enferrujamento é enormemente aumentado. Ascomposições de graxa nas quais os acima mencionados aditivos (A) e osacima mencionados compostos de benzotriazol (B) são adicionados nasgraxas dentro das quais tiossulfato de sódio tem sido composto tambémpossuem excelentes propriedades de prevenção ao enferrujamento e depressão extrema e adicionalmente possuem excelente resistência à abrasão. Oaumento na resistência à abrasão é particularmente marcante em graxas deuréia, graxas de sabão de lítio e graxas de sabão de complexo de lítio. Otiossulfato de sódio tem sido reconhecido há longo tempo como um aditivoalimentar e, visto que também é conhecido como um agente desintoxicador, éum aditivo que não apenas é benéfico para o corpo humano, mas tambémpara o ambiente global. As composições de acordo com a invenção sãoportanto excelentes graxas que são compatíveis com o meio ambiente.

Claims (6)

1. Composição de graxa, compreendendo um óleo base e umespessante, onde o espessante é selecionado dentre um ou mais compostos deuréia, um ou mais sabões de lítio e/ou sabões de complexo de lítio, ou um ou maissabões de complexo de alumínio, caracterizada pelo fato de compreenderadicionalmente: de 0,05% a 30% em peso, com base na composição de graxa total,de tiossulfato de sódio; e, de 0,1% a 5% em peso, com base na composição degraxa total, de um ou mais aditivos (A) selecionado(s) do grupo consistindo desalicilato de cálcio, salicilato de magnésio, fenato de cálcio e/ou sulfonato decálcio.
2. Composição de graxa de acordo com a reivindicação 1,caracterizada pelo fato de que os tais um ou mais aditivos (A) estão, cada um,presentes em uma quantidade dentro da faixa de 0,2% a 3% em peso, baseado nacomposição de graxa total.
3. Composição de graxa de acordo com qualquer uma dasreivindicações 1 ou 2, caracterizada pelo fato de compreender adicionalmente de-0,1% a 5% em peso, com base na composição de graxa total, de um composto debenzotriazol (B).
4. Composição de graxa de acordo com a reivindicação 3,caracterizada pelo fato de que o composto de benzotriazol (B) está presente emuma quantidade dentro da faixa de 0,2% a 3% em peso, com base na composiçãode graxa total.
5. Composição de graxa de acordo com qualquer uma dasreivindicações 3 ou 4, caracterizada pelo fato de que o composto de benzotriazol(B) é selecionado dentre 1,2,3-benzotriazol, 2-(2'-hidróxi-5'-metil-fenil)-benzotriazol, 2-[2,-Wdróxi-3,-(3^4^5^6"4etra-Wdro-ftalimido-metil)-5'-metil-fenil]-benzotriazol, 2-(2'-hidróxi-3',5,-di-terciário-butil-fenil)-benzotriazol, 2-(2'-hidróxi-5'-terciário-octil-fenil)-benzotriazol, 2-(2'-hidróxi-3',5,-di-terciário-amil-fenil)-benzotriazol, 2-[2'-Mdróxi-3',5"-bis(a,a^ime1il-benzü)-fenil]-2H-benzotriazol e-2-(2'-hidróxi-3 '-undecil-5 -meti 1 -feni l)-benzotriazol.
6. Uso da composição de graxa como definida em qualquer umadas reivindicações 1 a 5, caracterizado pelo fato de ser para melhorar a prevençãoao enferrujamento e a resistência à abrasão.
BRPI0113118-4A 2000-08-10 2001-08-10 composição de graxa, e, uso da mesma. BR0113118B1 (pt)

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