AU615894B2 - Fertilizer containing fungus mycelium and process for producing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

A fertilizer is based on the residues of animal husbandry and/or plant cultivation composted and mixed with killed fungus mycelium coming from the industrial production of metabolites. High yields can be obtained with this fertilizer, with acceptable consumption figures and cost levels, although the absorption of nitrate by the plants remains extremely low and the leaching of the nitrate contained in the soil is drastically reduced. Furthermore, this fertilizer is easy to handle.

Description

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~1125 ob. I I I. o lilt AU A-l-11526/88 4 WELTQ ANSAIraiONae RoGITGSEGNU 4GAItrationae 6 o INTERNATIOTIALE ANMELDUNG VEROFFENTLIGHT NACH DEM VERTRACJ OBER DIE a 14 INTERNATIONALE ZUSAMVME NARB EIT AtUP D EM 0GEB IET DES PATE NTWES ENS (PCT) (51) Internationale Patentklassifikation 4 11/08, 13/00 (11) initernationalie~er- ffentlicliungsnummer: WO 88/ 05033 Al (43) Internationales Veriiffentlichungsdatum; 14. Juli 1988 (14.07.88) (21) Intruationales Aktenzeichen: PQT/EP87/00825 (22) Wnernationai Anmeldedatum: 28. Dezember 1987 (28,12.87) (31) Prioritiitsaktenzeichen: (32) Prioritfitsdatum; (33) Prioritiitsla rd: P 36 14 671.8 30. Dezember 1986 (X012,86) (81) Bestimmiaungsstaaten: AT (europaisches Patent), AU, BE (europflisches Patent), CH (europdisches Patent), DE (europaisches Patent), DK, FR (europdisches Patent), GB (europaisches Patent), RU, IT (europaisches Patent), JP, LU (europtlisches Patent), NL (europllisches Patent), SE (europiiisches Patent), US.

Verbffentlicht Mit internationalemnRecherchenberich.

Vor A blauf derfilr Anderungen der A nspriidw zugelassenen Frist. Veriffentlichung wird Wiederholt falls Anderungen eintreffen.

I SEP '988 7AUSSTRALIA

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27JUL 1988 PAreI OFFICE (71)(72) Anmelder und Erfind er,. GRABBE, Klaus [Dli-/DE]; Tiergarten 24, D-3300 Braunschweig NILLE, Bernid [DE/DE]; Salzdahlumer Str. 128d, D-3340) Wolfenbilttel (DE).

(74) Anwillte:, VON SAMSON-HIMMELSTJ ERNA, R.

usw.: Widenmayerstr. 5, D-8000 Mtinachen 2a (54) Title: FERTILIZER CONTAINING FUNGUS MYCELIUM AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME (54) Bezeichnung: DO.NGEMIITEL MIT ETNEM GEHALT AN PILZMYZEL SOWIE VERFAUREN ZUR HER- STELLUNG DES DONGE MFFI7ELS (57) Abstract A fertilizer is based on the residues of animal husbandry and/or plant cultivation composted and mixed with killed fungus mycelium coming from the industrial production of metabolites. High yiolds can be obtained with this fertilizer, with acceptable consumption Figures and cost levels, although the absorption of nitrate by the plants remains extremely low and the leaching of the nitrate contained in the soil i. drastically reducod, Furthermore, this fertilizer is easy handle.

(57) Zusammenfassung Emn Dflngemittel auf der Basis von komnpostierten Reststoffen der Tierhaltung und/oder Pflanzenproduktion ist (lurch die Zumnischting Von abgetebtetem Pilzmnyzel aus der industriellen Metabolitproduktion gekennzeichriet. Mit diesem Thingemnittel lassen sich belt vertretbaremn Mengen- und Kostenaufwand hohe Ertrllge erzielen, Qbwohl die Nitrataufnahme in die Pflanze Aierst gering bleibt sowie Auswaschungen des Nitrats im Boden drastisch reduziert werden, Autgerdem jst dieses DOngemittel einfach zu handhaben, Ii 2 FERTILIZERS COMBINED WITH MYCELIUM OF FUNGI RND THE PROCESS OF PRODUCTION The invention relates generally to commercial production of a fertilizer based on composts originated from residues of animal and/or plant production.

As is known composts are formed by the microbial rot of organic residues of biogenic origin. They are valued for soil amelioration due to their content of humus, nutrients and growth regoulators. Their value as a fertilizer must be considered differently. During the conventional composting process an accumulation of phosphate and potassium takes place, whereas a continuous reduction of the content of nitrogen is caused by the combination of aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Due to 15 the degree of mineralization such composts will finally be very poor in nitrogen.

Composts prepared by gardeners show the. disadvantage that the content of nutrients, their composition and availability for plant growth can only be vaguely calculated.

This low concentration requires an1 application of •0 high amounts of compost if a fertilizing effect is to be reached which is comparable with a mineral fertilizer.

Evaluation of plant yields which have been obtained by 25 N-sources of different quality in relation to their availability must be based on an identical total nitrogen level assuming that all the other nutrients for the plant growth are available in sufficient quantities. It is a well-known fact that high yields are linked to a high offer of nitrogen. This causes an accumulation of nitrate in the plant tissue in many kinds of plants, e.g.

spinach.

The composting process may lead to a preservation of nutrients if it is run under defined conditions. The preparation of substrates for the cultivation of mushrooms might be considered as an example. After the p harvesting period, the spent mushroom compost can be taken as a starting material for the production of I SS20438A/438 j v ly "I'll" I I 1, i I I I 3composts utilizable for horticultural purposes.

Mixtures with peat and bark can be produced f or soil amelioration (DE-PS 30 24 737) but can also be used as fertilizers after supplementation with mineral fertilizers (DE-PS 28 31 583). After being intensively mixed, favorable interrelationships between humus and inorganic nutrients are specifically optimized. The various amounts of the single components mixed can be adapted to a desirable ratio of short and long lasting fertilizing effects on plant growth.

These fertilizers show a considerable disadvantage for they can have a water content of up to 80%. This 90 cannot be sufficiently influenced by the addition of 0 0 9 mineral f ertilizers. Therefore, the fertilizer produced e,0: 15 as described in DE-PS 28 31 583 is a greasy product if it is not dried, preferably to a humidity content lower than or 40%. This can be realised by storage under roofs or by drying using suitable equipment. These treatments require a great deal of additional time and money.

A further disadvantage arises from the fact that often with good yields there is an accumulation of nitrate and this particularly occurs in plants after application of mineral nitrogen fertilizers. Moreover, as observed with mineral fertilizers, the wash-out of 25 nitrate pollutes the groundwater and reduces the quality of drinking-water.

For several years fertilizers have been available which mainly consist of mycelium of fungi from penicillin production in fermenters. The mycelium grows in liquid media containing sugars, nitrogen-sources and other additives. At the end of the fermentation process the mycelium is separated by filtration. The soluble penicillin is extracted by organic solvents.

The discarded mycelium is sterilized by heat and afterwards pelletized, The pellets have a low water content and consist of 80% of organic matter loaded with rl, Aj nitrogen, phosphorus, potassitun, magnesia, calcium and k trace elemento. Because of the high content of organic S:2043BA/438

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-2- Internatlonal Appllcstlon NQ.PCT/EP 8 7/00825 III, DOCUMENTS CONSIDERED TO UK RELEVANT (CONTINUED FROM TIRE SECOND SHIRT) I r:1 4 matter this fertilizer is especially suited for light soils poor in nutrients. Its high price makes it only acceptable for the recovery of desolate soils, e.g. ski pistes, embankments (see EP-OS 0 121 493) where no or insufficient results had been obtained by other means.

Embodiments of the present invention can provide a fertilizer and a procedure to produce it. Good yields can be reached based on applying acceptable quantities of fertilizer and costs can be reduced. These results combine with a low nitrate uptake and accumulation by treated plants and a drastically reduced leaching of nitrate into the groundwater. Furthermore, the handling of the fertilizer is made easy.

*Thus the invention provides a combination of compost 15 based on residues from animal and/or plant production Swith denaturated mycelium from the industrial production of metabolites, especially with mycelia of antibiotics :producing fungi, which are denaturated by thermal sterilization.

"Se: 20 According to the invention this combination produces a number of advantages which makes it a valuable fertilizer from an ecological point of view. On the one hand, good crop yields are achievable on the same level as obtained by the pelletized mycelium itself. The 25 amount of added compost is proportionately very high and the mycelium, quite low in order to lower the costs of the resulting product. On the other hand, the uptake and accumulation of nitrate by plants is extremely low, as obtained in the case of treatment with pure compost.

The nitrate-reducing influence of the compost remains unaffected after being combined with mycelium of fungi without a reduction of yields obtained by the pure mycelium. There is a doctrine that good or even maximal yields are accompanied by a high accumulation of nitrate in special vegetables. The above result is thus unexpected. (A significantly reduced yield and simultaneously increased uptake of nitrate in comparison to the application of pure mycelium would have been S:20438A/438 S :20438A/1438 Ii i 'tow A, expected). Since the described effects of the invention occur in presence of relatively low amounts of added mycelium, a low-cost fertilizer can be offered which allows the production of high yields of good quality produce.

Furthermore in the present invention, the ecological value of the fertilizer is enhanced by the fact that the nitrogen released in the soil is biologically fixed and will only be delayed released. Therefore, the nitrogen is protected against wash out and leaching to the groundwater. A slowly released nitrogen source leads to high yields without extremely high nitrate accumulations in Ithe plants and undesirable pollution rates in the environment.

.15 A further advantage derives from the fact that the dry mycelium of fungi mixed into the compost takes up a ~lot of water leading to an upgraded product particularly dfrom the standpoint of handling. Drying processes which are costly can be omitted. Nevertheless, the high humidity of the compost furthers the break up of the pelletized mycelium and the integration of the material into the compost.

The residues taken for composting include spent mushroom substrates which are prepared from organic materials, e.g. straw, stable manure, especially horse manure. The starting materials undergo a heat-rot which leads to a compost free of pests and harmful moulds.

This compost serves as a substrate for the cultivation of edible mushrooms. During the cultivation process these substrates only lose a small portion of their nutrients.

Due to the degradation of organic matter a relative accumulation of the remaining nutrients takes place.

Selection among the various available spent mushroom composts is based on economical considerations such as costs for transport or composition type depending on the application after being converted. The spent mushroom kA'; composts are composted as described in DE-PS 28 31. 583.

&I As already pointed out the required compost drying can, S: 2 0438A/438 j -C l T lr -6however, be omitted.

Spent mushroom compost can be alternatively replaced or used in combination with stable manures, straw, wood and/or bark as starting materials in the composting process.

According to the invention further fertilizer optimization can be reached by the addition of mineral fertilizers, especially nitrogen fertilizers, in acceptable amounts. Ammonium salts are preferred but also diammoniumphosphate and other mineral fertilizers are suitable. With small supplementations higher yields are obtainable than with the pure pelletized mycelium and a significantly lower accumulation of nitrate occurs than with the combination of compost and solely mineral ee* 15 fertilizers. The amount of added mineral fertilizer can be adjusted according to the desired application.

Nevertheless, the increasing addition of mineral fertilizer results in maximum yields, however, with an increasing accumulation of nitrate. Experiments 20 indicate that in the case of carefully determined formulae satisfactory yields are obtainable with relatively low contents of nitrate. Such a fertilizer can be used for the production of food and feed. The metabolism of ultimate consumers of such fertilized produce can convert nitrate into metabolites of a carcinogenic potential, therefore low nitrates enhance the quality of foodstuffs produced.

The invention also allows for the addition of further nutritious organic additives as part of possible formulae, e.g. horn-, blood- or bone-meal. Furthermore, the addition of trace elements, e.g. iron, copper, magnesia, manganese, boron, molybdenum or zinc might be advisable.

With the present invention, the addition of supplements improving the physical structure of the fertilizer composition may be desirable. Clay minerals, A resins, lava and charcoal are suitable as a reservoir for water as well as a store for nutrients or as absorbent S:20438A/438 -7special fertilizers are used for the regulation of pHvalues. Perlite, styrene polymers and clay products improve the pore volume. Lignite furthers drizzling.

Lava and inorganic particles stones) of different sieve sizes stabilize the structure against shrinking in the case of culture substrates for plant growth), Based on experiments carried out, practical formulae can be demonstrated that have a nitrogen content between 2% and preferably between 2% and 4%.

It is most preferred to compost the abovementioned.

residues under "defined conditions" before the denaturated mycelium of fungi from the industrial crodition of metabolites is mixed in. Defined codtin means a controlled treatment of residues in which the starting material is shredded, mixed and turned (including all parts of the residue mass). Furthermore, the composting procedure takes place between 300 and 600 20 C. It can be useful to add microbial "starter cultures". starter cultures means pre-cultivated microbial populations which dominate the metabolic turnover after being added to the compost pile, In accordance with the invention resultant yields and uptake of nitrate by plants after being fertilized by products based oni the above foirmulations are tabulated together with results obtainedi Zrom plants which have been cultivated in presence of commonly used fertilizers.

Table I and Table 2 (see page 11) show the results of experiments carried out in Spring with the spinach-F 1 hybrid "'Melodie"l in Mitscherlich-pots. The figures represent average values of parallel trials. The following non-limiting combinations of fertilizers (total nitrogen content tin brackets) are compared: Example 1: mushroom comp!.st (abbreviation for spent inushroom compost after repeated composting; N); S:20438A/438 >1~-i ._11-111~1~~-1----1-~-L~IIII~LIIII-I- 8 Example II: Bark Compost (abbreviation for heat-rot bark in presence of urea); sieve-line 0 to 20 mm N); Example III: Mycelium of Fungi (abbreviation for heat sterilized mycelium from penicilline production plants); N); Example IV: Calcium-amonium-nitrate; mineral fertilizer containing ammonium-N and 50% nitrate-N (26% N); Example V: N) 100 kg Mushroom Compost kg Diammoniumphosphate (mineral fertilizer: 16% N; 46% P 2 0 5 Example VI: N) 100 kg Mushroom Compost 4 kg Diammoniumphosphate 12 kg Ammoniumsulfate (21% N) Example VII: N) 100 kg Mushroom Compost 7.5 kg Mycelium of Fungi Example VIII: N) 100 kg Mushroom Compost kg Mycelium of Fungi 3 kg Diammoniumphosphate 25 Example IX: N) 100 kg Mushroom Compost 22.5 kg Mycelium of Fungi 4 kg Diammoniumphosphate 1 kg Ammoniumsulfate Example X: N) 100 kg Mushroom Compost kg Mycelium of Fungi kg Diammoniumphosphate 3 kg Ammoniumsulfate Example XI: N) 100 kg Mushroom Compost 37.5 kg Mycelium of Fungi 6 kg Diammoniumphosphate s:20438A/438 WW:- I;i -M~-iii~l~b W.iVi 9 kg Ammoniumsulfate Example XII: N) 100 kg Mushroom Compost kg Mycelium of Fungi 15 kg Diammoniumphosphate kg Ammoniumsulfate The yields shown in the following tables are obtained by the utilization of fertilizers whose preparation is based on the above formulae. The values include harvested fresh matter and dry matter content The content of nitrate-N of each sample was calculated at 1 kg fresh matter. The added amount of fertilizer per Mitscherlich-pot is also tabulated. The amount of nitrate-N can be converted to nitrate by multiplication 15 by 4.

S•In Table 1 results are shown that are obtained with 1 g N per Mitscherlich-pot corresponding 70 kg nitrogen per hectare. Table 2 shows results with 2 g N per pot corresponding to 140 kg N per hectare.

20 Both tables show that the application of fertilizer without any added mineral fertilizer leads to the same yield as obtained with Mycelium of Fungi itself although Sthe amount of Mycelium of Fungi (Formula VII) is very low. Simultaneously, the uptake of nitrate by the plants remains at the same level as in the case of compost used in Example I. The low supplementation with Mycelium of Fungi effects a threefold yield without any change of the uptake of nitrate by the plants.

Herewith, for the first time an ecologically valuable production which is simultaneously connected with high yields has been realized.

Furthermore, Examples VIII and IX indicate that an increase of added Mycelium of Fungi and a proportionally increased addition of mineral fertilizer result in high yields with relatively low levels of accumulated nitrate.

This is also true for the Example X in Table 2.

Only a weak or no increase of yield occurs after a significant increase of the amount of mineral fertilizer S48A/48 S:20438A/438 li-

ML.

4 in Examples XI and XII. In the case of Example XII a depression of growth occurs followed by a drastic increase of the uptake of nitrate.

The effects of such combinations on plant growth can be compared with the influence of generally offered mineral fertilizers and their combination with organic matter. In spite of the abovementioned disadvantages the composition, availability of nutrients and the longlasting effect of mineral fertilizers make them ecologically worthwhile for special purposes, e.g.

extensive cultivation of soils or for recultivation procedures.

Thus the invention provides fertilizers characterized by the utilization of composted residues from animal and/or plant production in combination with denaturated mycelium of fungi from the industrial production of metabolites. With acceptable application rates and production costs, high yields are realizable.

imultaneously, the accumulation of nitrate in the tissue 20 of plants and the wash-out of nitrate into the groundwater are drastically reduced. Furthermore, the S' fertilizers can be easily handled.

i S420438A/438 11 Table 1

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V

Fertilizer Fresh Dry NO 3 -N Added* Formulation .matter matter amount 9/ ppm g I Compost 29 8,9 2,1 67 11 11 13 34 100 I Mycelium of Fungi 90 7,3 15 IV Mineral Fertilizer 101 8,3 683 3,8 V Compost 97 6,6 11 Mineral Fertilizer VI 114 7,2 305 VII 88 11 2,5 VIII Compost 112 9,0 3,8 Mycelium of Fungi IX 5 7,1 9,8 33 X casually 112 6,7 33 29 mineral fertilizer Xi 118 6,0 113 XII 106 7,6 490 control soil 10 14 Nitrogen supply 1 g per MiAcherlich pot corresponding 70 kg N per hectar Table 2 Fertilizer Fresh Dry NO N Added* formulation matter matter N3m amount I Compost 47 9/3 17 132 11 12 13 40 200 III Mycelium of Fungi 121 6,7 366 IV Mineral fertilizer 101 7,6 92.9 7,6 V Compost 135 6,8 311 100 V Mineral fertilizer 122 6,4 625 VI Compost 121 10 15 100 VIII Mycelium of Fungi 110 8,1 31 IX casually 135 6,9 79 6 X Mineral fertilizer 138 6,0 87 58 XI 143 6,3 700 XII 115 6,d 864 control soil 10 14 Nitrogen supply 2 g per 140 kg N per hectar Mitscherlich pot corresponding

Claims (10)

1. Fertilizers based on composted residues from animal and/or plant production, characterized by the addition of denaturated mycelium of fungi from the industrial production of metabolites.

2. Fertilizers of claim i, wherein said mycelium is the mycelium of antibiotics producing fungi. Fertilizers of claims 1 or 2, wherein said residues are spent substrates from mushroom production.

4. Fertilizers of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said residues are stable manures, straw, wood and/or bark. Fertilizers of any one of claims 1 to 4, supplemented with mineralic nutrients, especially 15 nitrogen fertilizers,

6. Vertilizers of any one of claims 1 to 5, combined with further organic supplements.

7. Fertilizers of any one of claims 1 to 6, combined with supplements that improve their r

8. Fertilizers of any one of claim tr formulated with a nitrogen content between 2% and 4%.

9. A method of manufacturing a fortilizer of any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising composting said residues under a controlled process and then combining with denaturated mycelium from the industrial production of metabolites, A process according to claim 9, wherain said composting process is carried out in4 a tejurature range Sbetween 300 and ri S(20438A/438 p I \fl I t a a *eaa a a 4 a 'a i a. S q a a at I it AG A 13

11. A process according to claim 9 or 10, wherein said residues are mixed up with microbial starter cultures before being composted.

12. Fertilizers substantially as herein described with reference to any one of Examples V to XI. DATED this 2nd day of August 1991 KLAUS CRABBE and BER14D NILLE By their Patent Attorneys .0 GRIFFITH HACK CO S;20438A/438 aL -1 L: I I I I 1 1 1 I I I kLs; imwrs mr L INTERNATIONAL SEARCH REPORT International Application No PCT/EP 87/00825 I. CLASSIFICATION OF SUBJECT MATTER (if several classification symbols apply, Indicate all) I According to International Patent Classification (IPC) or tj both National Classification and'IPC Int.C 4: C 05 F 1 /08; C 05 F 13/00 Int.C1.: C 05 F 11/08; C 05 F 13/00 II. FIELDS SEARCHED Minimum Documentation Searched 7 Classification System Classification Symbols Int.Cl4: C 05 F; C 12 1. Documentation Searched other than Minimum Documentation to the Extent that such Documents are Included In the Fields Searched I III. DOCUMENTS CONSIDERED TO BE RELEVANT' Category I Citation of Document, l1 with indication, where appropriate, of the relevant passages 12 Relevant to Claim No. 1 Y DE, B, 3024737 GRABBE) 14 May 1981 1-7,9-11 see claim; column 3, lines 29-50; column 4, lines 45-49 (cited in the application) Y EP, A, 0060407 (HOECHST' AG) 22 September 1 1982, see claim Y DE, B, 2831583 GRABBE) 23 May 1979 1-7,9 see claim; column 3, lines 55-58; column 6, lines 24-25 (cited in the application) Y DD, A, 139083 OLESCH) 12 December 1979 1 see page 2, lines 2-6; abstract A EP, A, 0121493 (BIOCHEMIE GmbR) 10 October 1 1984, see page 2, lines 16-23," page 3, lines

18-30 (cited in the application) Special categories of cited documents,: 1 Ioter document published after the international filing date sr priority date and not In conflict with the application but document defining the general state ol the art which is not ite orty nderstand the principle or theory unerlying the considered to be of particular relevance Invention earlier document but published on or after the international d(,cument of particular relevances the claimed Invention filing date chnnot be considered novel or cannot be considered to document which may throw doubts on priority clalm(s) or Involve an inventive step which is Cited to establish the publication date of another ly" document of particular rettano' the claimed invention citation or other special reason (as specified) cannot be considered to I,volve an inventive step when the document referring to an oral disclosure, use, exhibition or document is combined ilth one or more other such docu- other means ments, tuch combinatio't being obvious to a person skilled document published prior to the international filing date but in the art. later than the priority date claimed document member of the same ,atent family IV, CERTIFICATION Date of the Actual Completion of the international Search Date of Mailing of this Internaaonal Se'ch Report April 1988 (20.04.8U 1 June 1988 (01.06.88) Intrnatlonal Searching Authority Snatu ofAuthorized Officer European Patent Office Form PCT/ISAi210 (second sheet) (January 1985) (i. it International Application No. PC T/EFP 8 7/ 0 08 Ill. DOCUMENTS CONSIDERED TORI9 RELEVANT (CONTINUED FROM Till SECOND SHEET) Categor' Cftatiof ocwment. *tth kdmctho, where approprite ofthe rveeant pasagap Releant to Claim No 7. B111, A, 505453 CHRISTENSEN) 1l" September 1951 see page lines 22-52 US, A, 2337686 SHERMAN) 28 December 1943, see claim Chemical Abstracts, vol. 72, No: 13, March 1970, (Columbus, Ohio, US), V. S. Bawaskar: "Chemical composition of dungs and some organic w -aste materials", see page 300, abstract 65996k, Poona Agr. Coll. Mag. 168, 58 97-9 10 ,11 0 Form PCT/ISAW2O (extra shoot) (January 111111) unexpected. (A significantly reduced yield and simultaneously increased uptake of nitrate in comparison to the application of pure mycelium would have been *1- II S:20438A/438 V '4 A ANNEX TO THE INTERNATIONAL SEARCH REPORT ON INTERNATIONAL PATENT APPLICATION NO. EP 8700825 SA 20216 i'bis annex lists the patent family members relating to the patent documents cited in the above-mentioned international search report. The members are as contained in the European Patent Office EDP ile on 18/05/88 The European P'atent Office is in no way liable for these particulars which are merely giken for the purpose of information. Patent document P'ublication -TPatent famiily Publication ied in search report date mnember(s) T date OE-B- 3024737 14-05-81 Keine EP-A- 0060407 22-09-82 DE-A- 3106649 09-09-82 JP-A- 57155987 27-09-82 AT-B- E10753 15-12-84 US-A- 4601908 22-07-86 OE-B- 2831583 23-05-79 Keine 00-'A- 139083 Keirie EP-A- 0121493 10-10-84 JP-A- 59164385 17-09-84 US-A- 4539036 03-09-85 AT-A- 381927 10-12-86 CA-A- 1226452 08-09-87 OE-A- 3467157 10-12-87 BE-A- 505453 Ke-ine US-A- 2337686 Keine V or mnore details about this annex .1 ee Officiul Journal of the European Patent Office, No. 12/82 t "AL l-