AU2015101545A4 - Preparation method of nanoscale li-ion composite anode by plasma jet - Google Patents

Preparation method of nanoscale li-ion composite anode by plasma jet Download PDF

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AU2015101545A4
AU2015101545A4 AU2015101545A AU2015101545A AU2015101545A4 AU 2015101545 A4 AU2015101545 A4 AU 2015101545A4 AU 2015101545 A AU2015101545 A AU 2015101545A AU 2015101545 A AU2015101545 A AU 2015101545A AU 2015101545 A4 AU2015101545 A4 AU 2015101545A4
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plasma jet
carbon
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composite anode
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Guansheng Fu
Dianbo Ruan
Jun Yuan
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Ningbo CRRC New Energy Technology Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/10—Oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides or silicides; Mixtures thereof
    • C23C4/11—Oxides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
    • H01M4/0419—Methods of deposition of the material involving spraying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H01G11/32—Carbon-based
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
    • H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/1397—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/1393—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
    • H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

Abstract The present invention relates to the technical field of Li-ion batteries and in particular to a preparation method of a nanoscale Li-ion composite anode by plasma jet, comprising the following steps of: (1) preparing and uniformly mixing 15-20% of Li-ion battery anode material, 5-20% of conductive agent and 60-80% of porous carbon material to form a mixture; (2) adding the mixture into a powder feeder; and, (3) coating the mixture onto a current collector at a rate of 5 m/min by a plasma jet technology, where the mixture is coated onto two surfaces and the thickness of the coating is 50-100 pm.

Description

PREPARATION METHOD OF NANOSCALE LI-ION COMPOSITE ANODE BY PLASMA JET Technical Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of Li-ion batteries, in particular to a preparation method of a nanoscale Li-ion composite anode by plasma jet. Background of the Invention [0002] Li-ion batteries are green secondary batteries with large energy density, high average output voltage, low self-discharge and toxin-free. After almost 20 years of development, Li-ion batteries have been able to reach 100 Wh/kg to 150 Wh/kg, and the working voltage may reach 4V at maximum. As energy storage devices based on the double-layer energy storage principle and the highly reversible oxidation-reduction pseudo-capacitance principle, super capacitors have the advantages of high power density, short charging/discharging time, long cycle life, broad operating temperature range, etc, while the disadvantages of low energy density or the like. [0003] The difference on specific energy and specific power between Li-ion batteries and super capacitors results in the difference on charging/discharging rate. In practical applications, as Li-ion batteries and super capacitors have respective prominent advantages and limitations, the use of parallel or serial capacitor batteries integrating the both makes up this blank. Anodes are made from Li-ion battery anode material mixed with a certain amount of porous carbon material including active carbon, mesoporous carbon, carbon nanotube, carbon black, grapheme, etc. However, during the fabrication of the composite anode material, due to the process and cost, the composite effect is undesirable and it is unable to realize uniform dispersion and nanoscale mixing. 1 [0004] The development of the Li-ion battery anode material begins from lithium cobalt oxide of a laminated structure, lithium manganese oxide of a spinel structure, lithium iron phosphorus oxide of an olivine structure to ternary material LiNiCoMo. Lithium cobalt oxide as a kind of anode material is the primary material of Li batteries used in conventional electronic products at present, mainly due to its advantages of large capacity, large voltage range, etc. Due to the advantages of low price, good stability and conductivity, etc, lithium manganese oxide is widely applied in electric bicycles, electric cars and other fields, however, with the problem of capacity degradation. Recently, with the rapid development of public transport means using clean energy, lithium iron phosphorus oxide of an olivine structure and the more advanced ternary material LiNiCoMo are widely applied in electric cars and large-scale energy storage devices. [0005] Plasma jet is a method of heating ceramics, alloys, metal or other materials to a molten or half-molten state by using direct-current driven plasma arc as a heat source and then jetting the material onto the surface of a preprocessed workpiece at a high rate to form a firmly adhered surface layer. This method is implemented using a plasma arc. As a compressive arc, the plasma arc has thin arc column, high current density and high degree of gas ionization when compared with a free arc, and thus has the characteristics of high temperature, concentrated energy, good arc stability, etc. Summary of the Invention [0006] An objective of the present invention is to provide a preparation method of a nanoscale Li-ion composite anode by plasma jet, to solve the problem of limited electrochemical performance of Li-ion capacitor battery anode composite material due to the deficiencies in dispersion, uniform performance, particle size distribution and other aspects. In the present invention, by an economical method, a composite electrode may be obtained 2 by uniformly mixing Li-ion battery anode material and porous carbon composite material in nanoscale and then coating them onto the aluminum foil. [0007] To achieve the inventive objective, the present invention employs the following technical solutions: [0008] a preparation method of a nanoscale Li-ion composite anode by plasma jet is provided, including the following steps of: (1) preparing and uniformly mixing 15-20% of Li-ion battery anode material, 5-20% of conductive agent and 60-80% of porous carbon material to form a mixture; (2) adding the mixture into a powder feeder; and (3) coating the mixture onto a current collector at a rate of 5 m/min by a plasma jet technology, where the mixture is coated onto two surfaces and the thickness of the coating is 50-100 pm. [0009] Preferably, the Li-ion battery anode material is LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 0 4 , LiMnO 2 , LiNiO 2 , LiFePO 4 , LiMnPO 4 , LiNio.8Co0.20 2 or LiNi 1 /3Co1/ 3 Mn 1 /30 2 . [0010] Preferably, the porous carbon material is active carbon, mesoporous carbon, carbon aerogel, carbon fiber, carbon nanotube, carbon black, hard carbon or graphene. [0011] Preferably, the current collector is carbon-coated aluminum foil, aluminum foil, perforated aluminum foil, copper foil or perforated copper foil. [0012] Preferably, the thickness of the current collector is 20 pm. [0013] Preferably, the conductive agent is conductive carbon black, graphene or carbon nanotube. [0014] Preferably, the plasma jet technology includes a low-temperature and low-pressure plasma technology, a high-temperature and low-pressure plasma technology, a vacuum plasma technology, a water-stabilized plasma technology and an air-stabilized plasma technology. [0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 3 1. the surface of the Li-ion battery anode material may be uniformly dispersed and coated with the carbon source, so the problem of low conductivity of the Li-ion battery anode material is remedied; and 2. the plasma jet process can realize a compact electrode layer without any rolling procedure, so that the electrode density is ensured. Detailed Description of the Invention [0016] The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described as below by specific embodiments. [0017] Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used in the embodiments of the present invention are all common raw materials in the art, and the methods employed in the embodiments are all conventional methods in the art. Embodiment 1: [0018] A preparation method of a nanoscale Li-ion composite anode by plasma jet is provided, including the following preparation processes. [0019] Preparation of lithium iron phosphate/active carbon composite electrode [0020] Raw materials: LiFePO 4 (Taisu Changyuan), active carbon (Korea PCT), conductive carbon black (TIMCAL) and aluminum foil (made in Korea, 20 pm). [0021] 500g of LiFePO 4 , active carbon and conductive carbon black in total mass are uniformly mixed in a proportion of 20:65:10, and then the mixture is added into a powder feeder and coated at a rate of 5 m/min by plasma jet. [0022] After cooled, dried and coated onto two surfaces, an anode with a thickness of 200 pm is obtained. It is measured that the electrode density is 0.93 g/cm 3 . [0023] A capacitor battery obtained by assembling the resulting anode piece and a graphite cathode piece together is tested after subjected to a formation 4 procedure The capacitor battery is charged to 3.7V by 1C and discharged to 2.0V by 1C. The specific energy of the capacitor battery is 35.6 Wh/kg and the specific power thereof is 3800 W/kg. After 15000 times of charging/discharging cycles by 1C, the capacity is remained at 91.3%. [0024] It can be seen from a picture of the resulting anode piece by SEM scanning that, the active carbon, conductive carbon black, grapheme and lithium iron phosphate particles are mixed uniformly; the active carbon, conductive carbon black and lithium iron phosphate are uniformly distributed on the conductive structure of a single grapheme layer, where the surfaces of the nanoscale lithium iron phosphate are further coated with the conductive carbon black. Embodiment 2: [0025] A preparation method of a nanoscale Li-ion composite anode by plasma jet is provided, including the following preparation processes. [0026] Preparation of lithium manganese phosphate/active carbon/ graphene composite electrode [0027] Raw materials: LiFePO 4 (Ningbo Material Office), active carbon (Korea PCT), conductive carbon black (TIMCAL), carbon-coated aluminum foil (made in Korea, 20 pm), graphene (Naxin, Yancheng) and additive S (synthesized in the laboratory). [0028] 600g of LiMnPO 4 , active carbon, conductive carbon black and graphene in total mass are uniformly mixed in a proportion of 15:70:9:1, and then the mixture is added into a powder feeder and coated onto the carbon-coated aluminum foil at a rate of 5 m/min by plasma jet. [0029] After cooled, dried and coated onto two surfaces, an anode with a thickness of 220 pm is obtained. It is measured that the electrode density is 0.86 g/cm 3 . [0030] A capacitor battery obtained by assembling the resulting anode piece 5 and a hard carbon cathode piece together is tested after subjected to a formation procedure by 0.02C for charging/discharging. The capacitor battery is charged to 4.5V by 1C and discharged to 2.OV by 1C. The specific energy of the capacitor battery is 52.3 Wh/kg and the specific power thereof is 4250 W/kg. After 15000 times of charging/discharging cycles by 1C, the capacity is remained at 92.1%. [0031] It can be seen from a picture of the resulting anode piece by SEM scanning that the active carbon, conductive carbon black, graphene and lithium manganese phosphate particles are mixed uniformly, the active carbon, conductive carbon black and lithium manganese phosphate are uniformly distributed on the conductive structure of the single-layer graphene, and the surface of nanoscale lithium manganese phosphate is coated with conductive carbon black. Embodiment 3 [0032] A preparation method of a nanoscale Li-ion composite anode by plasma jet is provided, including the following preparation processes. [0033] Preparation of ternary CoNiMn/active carbon/ hard carbon composite electrode [0034] Raw materials: LiNii/ 3 Coi/ 3 Mn 1 /30 2 (Beterui, Shenzhen), active carbon (Korea PCT), hard carbon (EnerG2), conductive carbon black (TIMCAL), aluminum foil (made in Korea, 20 pm), additive S (synthesized in the laboratory). [0035] 550g of LiNi 1
/
3 Co 1
/
3 Mn 1 /30 2 , active carbon, hard carbon and conductive carbon black in total mass are uniformly mixed in a proportion of 15:60:10:10, and then the mixture is added into a powder feeder and coated onto the carbon-coated aluminum foil at a rate of 5 m/min by plasma jet. [0036] After cooled, dried and coated onto two surfaces, an anode with a thickness of 220 pm is obtained. It is measured that the electrode density is 6 1.02 g/cm 3 . [0037] A capacitor battery obtained by assembling the resulting anode piece and a carbon carbide cathode piece together is tested after subjected to a formation procedure by 0.02C for charging/discharging. The capacitor battery is charged to 4.2V by 1C and discharged to 2.0V by 1C. The specific energy of the capacitor battery is 55.4Wh/kg and the specific power thereof is 4560 W/kg. After 15000 times of charging/discharging cycles by 1C, the capacity is remained at 89.2%. [0038] It can be seen from a picture of the resulting anode piece by SEM scanning that, the active carbon, hard carbon, conductive carbon black and ternary CoNiMn particles are mixed uniformly, where the surfaces of CoNiMn are further clad with conductive carbon black. [0039] It can be seen from the above examples that, the plasma jet process may realize nanoscale mixing such that the surfaces of the Li-ion battery anode material may be uniformly clad with carbon source and the problem of low conductivity of the Li-ion battery anode material is remedied. In addition, the plasma jet process can realize a compact electrode layer without any rolling procedure, so the electrode density is ensured. The proportion of the Li-ion battery anode material and the porous carbon material of the anode composite electrode is related to the energy density, power density and cycle life of the finally assembled capacitor battery; and the voltage range is related to the employed Li-ion battery anode material. [0040] It will be understood that the term "comprise" and any of its derivatives (eg comprises, comprising) as used in this specification is to be taken to be inclusive of features to which it refers, and is not meant to exclude the presence of any additional features unless otherwise stated or implied. [0041] The reference to any prior art in this specification is not, and should not be taken as, an acknowledgement of any form of suggestion that such prior art forms part of the common general knowledge. 7 [0042] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention is not restricted in its use to the particular application described. Neither is the present invention restricted in its preferred embodiment with regard to the particular elements and/or features described or depicted herein. It will be appreciated that various modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the invention. Therefore, the invention should be understood to include all such modifications in its scope. 8

Claims (7)

1. A preparation method of a nanoscale Li-ion composite anode by plasma jet, comprising the following steps of: (1) preparing and uniformly mixing 15-20% of Li-ion battery anode material, 5-20% of conductive agent and 60-80% of porous carbon material to form a mixture; (2) adding the mixture into a powder feeder; and (3) coating the mixture onto a current collector at a rate of 5 m/min by a plasma jet technology, where the mixture is coated onto two surfaces and the thickness of the coating is 50-100 pm.
2. The preparation method of a nanoscale Li-ion composite anode by plasma jet according to claim 1, characterized in that the Li-ion battery anode material is LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 0 4 , LiMnO 2 , LiNiO 2 , LiFePO 4 , LiMnPO 4 , LiNio.8Co0.20 2 or LiNi 1 /3Co1/ 3 Mn 1 /30 2 .
3. The preparation method of a nanoscale Li-ion composite anode by plasma jet according to claim 1, characterized in that the porous carbon material is active carbon, mesoporous carbon, carbon aerogel, carbon fiber, carbon nanotube, carbon black, hard carbon or graphene.
4. The preparation method of a nanoscale Li-ion composite anode by plasma jet according to claim 1, characterized in that the current collector is carbon-coated aluminum foil, aluminum foil, perforated aluminum foil, copper foil or perforated copper foil.
5. The preparation method of a nanoscale Li-ion composite anode by plasma jet according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the current collector is 20 pm. 9
6. The preparation method of a nanoscale Li-ion composite anode by plasma jet according to claim 1, characterized in that the conductive agent is conductive carbon black, graphene or carbon nanotube.
7. The preparation method of a nanoscale Li-ion composite anode by plasma jet according to claim 1, characterized in that the plasma jet technology is low-temperature and low-pressure plasma technology, high-temperature and low-pressure plasma technology, vacuum plasma technology, water-stabilized plasma technology or air-stabilized plasma technology. 10
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CN113044893A (en) * 2021-03-12 2021-06-29 电子科技大学 Method for carrying out carbon coating modification on high-nickel ternary material

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