CN107086299A - A kind of preparation method of cladded type lithium cobaltate cathode material - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of cladded type lithium cobaltate cathode material Download PDFInfo
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- CN107086299A CN107086299A CN201710345256.XA CN201710345256A CN107086299A CN 107086299 A CN107086299 A CN 107086299A CN 201710345256 A CN201710345256 A CN 201710345256A CN 107086299 A CN107086299 A CN 107086299A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of cladded type lithium cobaltate cathode material, this method prepares lithium cobaltate cathode material using plasma high-temperature fusion technology, and uses the method for liquid phase coating to coat complete covering material thereon to improve electric conductivity.Methods described is simple to operation, and cost is low, time-consuming short, and obtained cobalt acid lithium material morphology rule is not reunited uniformly for highly spherical, composition, stable electrochemical property, with preferable electric conductivity and cycle performance, with higher specific capacity and longer service life.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of lithium batteries, and in particular to a kind of preparation method of cladded type lithium cobaltate cathode material.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery is new generation of green high-energy battery, with voltage is high, energy density is big, good cycle, is put certainly
The many merits such as electric small, memory-less effect, operating temperature range be wide, are widely used in phone, notebook computer, electric tool
Deng also being had a good application prospect in electric automobile, by it is believed that being 21 century significant high energy technology
Product.
For cathode active material for lithium secondary battery, the cobalt/cobalt oxide (LiCoO containing lithium is widely used2).In addition, can be also
Using the Mn oxide containing lithium as having the LiMnO of layered crystal structure2, LiMn with spinel crystal structure2O4Deng and
Nickel oxide (LiNiO containing lithium2)。
LiCoO2The main positive electrode of current commercial Li-ion battery, but it exist it is expensive, be unfavorable for
Environmental protection, the low shortcoming of specific capacity.LiNiO2The positive electrode of doping Co elements is provided with LiNiO simultaneously2The higher electric discharge ratio of material
Capacity, stabilizes the layer structure of material again, enhances the cyclical stability of material, but there is also overcharging resisting energy for this material
Power is poor, heat endurance is poor, the defect such as irreversible capacity is higher of electric discharge first.
The synthetic method of current lithium ion cell anode material lithium cobaltate mainly have high temperature solid phase synthesis, coprecipitation,
Sol-gel process, Pechini methods etc..Wherein the soft chemical method technique such as coprecipitation, sol-gel method, Pechini methods is answered
It is miscellaneous, it is difficult to realize industrialization.Therefore conventional synthesis process mainly uses high temperature solid phase synthesis.High temperature solid phase synthesis is operated
And Process Route Planning is simple, technological parameter is easily controllable, and the material property of preparation is stable, it is easy to accomplish industrialization is extensive raw
Production.But, it is necessary to substantial amounts of inert protective gas when conventional high temperature solid phase synthesis prepares cobalt acid lithium, inert gas cost compared with
It is high.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of preparation method of cladded type lithium cobaltate cathode material, and methods described is simple to operation, cost
Low, time-consuming short, obtained cobalt acid lithium material morphology rule is not reunited uniformly for highly spherical, composition, stable electrochemical property, tool
There are preferable electric conductivity and cycle performance, with higher specific capacity and longer service life.
To achieve these goals, the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of cladded type lithium cobaltate cathode material, this method
Comprise the following steps：
（1）Prepare cobalt acid lithium material
The chemical formula of the cobalt acid lithium material is LiCo1-x-yFexNiyO2, wherein：X=0.15-0.2, y=0.2-0.3, according to above-mentioned
The mole of Li, Fe, Ni, Co in chemical formula weigh lithium carbonate, ferric acetate, nickel oxide and cobalt oxide, with appropriate water and second
Alcohol is decentralized medium, and wet ball grinding batch mixing, the slurry mixed are carried out to the raw material weighed；The slurry mixed is carried out
Spray drying, obtains cobalt acid lithium precursor；
Plasma-arc is imposed under reducing atmosphere to precursor, melts reaction powder, plasma electric arc voltage 20-
40kV, plasma electric arc current 500-1000A；
Frit reaction powder is spurted into cooling device with reducibility gas, particle crushed and screened after cooling, screening is obtained
Granular size be 5-10 microns of ball-type positive pole cobalt acid lithium material；The wherein described nozzle diameter 2-5mm for being used to spray；
（2）Prepare positive electrode active materials covering liquid
Phosphate compounds are added in alcohols solvent, phosphate ester solution is obtained；
Aluminium salt is added in the phosphate ester solution, the aluminium salt is dissolved in the alcohols solvent, and is reacted with the phosphate compounds
To homogeneous settled solution, reaction temperature is 40-80 DEG C, and the reaction time is 2-5 hours；
Addition acidity regulator adjusts the pH value of the homogeneous settled solution to 6-7, and acidity regulator can be ammoniacal liquor, bicarbonate
One or more in ammonium, ammonium carbonate, ammonium acetate, pyridine and triethylamine, the total addition of the acidity regulator is according to N:
Ni mol ratios are 1:1-6:1 weighs and obtains the positive electrode active materials covering liquid；
（3）Cladding
The lithium cobaltate cathode material is well mixed with the positive electrode active materials covering liquid, a solidliquid mixture is obtained；And
The solidliquid mixture is dried and sintered, the drying can naturally dry or heating, drying for normal temperature, as long as removing the mixing
Solvent in thing, the temperature of the heating, drying is preferably 60-100 DEG C.The sintering is carried out in atmosphere, makes the cladding
Organic group in predecessor is removed, and generates the clad.The sintering temperature is 450-750 DEG C, and sintering time is 5-8 hours,
Anode composite material is obtained, the anode composite material includes positive electrode active materials and is coated on the bag of the surface of positive electrode active material
Coating.
It is preferred that, the alcohols solvent is one or more kinds of in methanol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, n-butanol and isopropanol
Double solvents, the phosphate compounds formula can be AnP(O)(OH)m, wherein A is carbon corresponding with the alcohol solvent molecules
At least one of oxygen groups, i.e. methoxyl group, ethyoxyl, propoxyl group, butoxy and isopropoxy, n=1-3, m=0-2, m+n=3；
The mass ratio of phosphate compounds and alcohols solvent is 1:5-1:25.
It is preferred that, aluminium salt is the one or more in aluminium chloride, aluminum nitrate, aluminium isopropoxide and aluctyl.The alcohol is molten
Property the total addition of aluminium salt and alcohols solvent mass ratio be preferably 1:10-1:20.
It is preferred that, the step（1）In reducibility gas be the mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen, wherein hydrogen is in gaseous mixture
Percent by volume 1-3% in body.
The invention has the advantages that and remarkable result：
（1）The plasma high-temperature fusion technology that the present invention is used, is a kind of new technique developed in recent years, and principle is：
Introducing plasma working gas after vacuum system preset vacuum, in melt chamber and cooling chamber, (generally inert gas, lazy
Property gas be one or more in helium, neon and argon gas, the inert gas in melt chamber and cooling chamber can be it is same,
Can also be mixed gas), the inert gas plasma moment heating added between the two poles of the earth in voltage, melt chamber, temperature
Thousands of degree can be reached, the powder in addition feed appliance can be made to be rapidly reached molten condition, plasma high-speed motion, particle
Between can occur material under molten condition required for sharp impacts, in-time generatin, by be ejected come gas take out of
Melt chamber, is entered in cooling chamber, and required lithium iron phosphate positive material is obtained after cooling.This method can make LiFePO4 material
Material is formed in moment, and can form continuous production.
（2）The present invention adulterates Fe and Ni to be modified to improve species activity in cobalt acid lithium.Positive-active in the present invention
Material covering liquid is a homogeneous settled solution, relatively easily can be respectively formed clad in cobalt acid lithium particle surface, make each cobalt
Sour lithium particle surface is wrapped by layer cladding completely, further improves its electric conductivity and cyclical stability.Therefore the present invention makes
Standby lithium cobaltate cathode material is when for lithium ion battery, with higher electric discharge reversible capacity and longer use longevity first
Life.
Embodiment
Embodiment one
The chemical formula of the cobalt acid lithium material is LiCo0.65Fe0.15Ni0.2O2, wherein：X=0.15-0.2, y=0.2-0.3, according to upper
The mole for stating Li, Fe, Ni, Co in chemical formula weighs lithium carbonate, ferric acetate, nickel oxide and cobalt oxide, with appropriate water and
Ethanol is decentralized medium, and wet ball grinding batch mixing, the slurry mixed are carried out to the raw material weighed；The slurry mixed is entered
Row spray drying, obtains cobalt acid lithium precursor.
Plasma-arc is imposed under reducing atmosphere to precursor, melts reaction powder, plasma electric arc voltage
20kV, plasma electric arc current 500A；The reducibility gas is the mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen, and wherein hydrogen is in mixed gas
In percent by volume 1%.
Frit reaction powder is spurted into cooling device with reducibility gas, particle crushed and screened after cooling, is sieved
Obtained granular size is 5 microns of ball-type positive pole cobalt acid lithium material；The wherein described nozzle diameter 2mm for being used to spray.
Phosphate compounds are added in alcohols solvent, phosphate ester solution is obtained.It is preferred that, the alcohols solvent is first
One or more kinds of double solvents in alcohol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, n-butanol and isopropanol, the phosphate compounds formula
Can be AnP(O)(OH)m, wherein A is carbon oxygen groups corresponding with the alcohol solvent molecules, i.e. methoxyl group, ethyoxyl, the third oxygen
At least one of base, butoxy and isopropoxy, n=1-3, m=0-2, m+n=3；Phosphate compounds and alcohols solvent
Mass ratio is 1:5.
Aluminium salt is added in the phosphate ester solution, the aluminium salt is dissolved in the alcohols solvent, and anti-with the phosphate compounds
Homogeneous settled solution should be obtained, reaction temperature is 40 DEG C, and the reaction time is 2 hours；It is preferred that, aluminium salt is aluminium chloride, nitric acid
One or more in aluminium, aluminium isopropoxide and aluctyl.The total addition of the alcohol-soluble aluminium salt and alcohols solvent mass ratio
Preferably 1:10.
Addition acidity regulator adjusts the pH value of the homogeneous settled solution to 6-7, and acidity regulator can be ammoniacal liquor, carbon
One or more in sour hydrogen ammonium, ammonium carbonate, ammonium acetate, pyridine and triethylamine, the total addition of the acidity regulator is pressed
According to N:Ni mol ratios are 1:1 weighs and obtains the positive electrode active materials covering liquid.
The lithium cobaltate cathode material is well mixed with the positive electrode active materials covering liquid, a solidliquid mixture is obtained；
And the solidliquid mixture is dried and sintered, the drying can naturally dry or heating, drying for normal temperature, as long as removing the mixing
Solvent in thing, the temperature of the heating, drying is preferably 60 DEG C.The sintering is carried out in atmosphere, makes cladding forerunner
Organic group in thing is removed, and generates the clad.The sintering temperature is 450 DEG C, and sintering time is 5 hours, obtains positive pole and answers
Condensation material, the anode composite material includes positive electrode active materials and is coated on the clad of the surface of positive electrode active material.
Embodiment two
The chemical formula of the cobalt acid lithium material is LiCo0.5Fe0.2Ni0.3O2, wherein：X=0.15-0.2, y=0.2-0.3, according to above-mentioned
The mole of Li, Fe, Ni, Co in chemical formula weigh lithium carbonate, ferric acetate, nickel oxide and cobalt oxide, with appropriate water and second
Alcohol is decentralized medium, and wet ball grinding batch mixing, the slurry mixed are carried out to the raw material weighed；The slurry mixed is carried out
Spray drying, obtains cobalt acid lithium precursor.
Plasma-arc is imposed under reducing atmosphere to precursor, melts reaction powder, plasma electric arc voltage
40kV, plasma electric arc current 500A；The reducibility gas is the mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen, and wherein hydrogen is in mixed gas
In percent by volume 3%.
Frit reaction powder is spurted into cooling device with reducibility gas, particle crushed and screened after cooling, is sieved
Obtained granular size is 10 microns of ball-type positive pole cobalt acid lithium material；The wherein described nozzle diameter 5mm for being used to spray.
Phosphate compounds are added in alcohols solvent, phosphate ester solution is obtained.The alcohols solvent is isopropanol, the phosphorus
Acid esters compound formula can be AnP(O)(OH)m, wherein A is carbon oxygen groups corresponding with the alcohol solvent molecules, i.e. methoxy
At least one of base, ethyoxyl, propoxyl group, butoxy and isopropoxy, n=1-3, m=0-2, m+n=3；Phosphoric acid ester chemical combination
The mass ratio of thing and alcohols solvent is 1:25.
Aluminium salt is added in the phosphate ester solution, the aluminium salt is dissolved in the alcohols solvent, and anti-with the phosphate compounds
Homogeneous settled solution should be obtained, reaction temperature is 80 DEG C, and the reaction time is 5 hours；It is preferred that, aluminium salt is aluminium chloride, nitric acid
One or more in aluminium, aluminium isopropoxide and aluctyl.The total addition of the alcohol-soluble aluminium salt and alcohols solvent mass ratio
Preferably 1:20.
Addition acidity regulator adjusts the pH value of the homogeneous settled solution to 6-7, and acidity regulator can be ammoniacal liquor, carbon
One or more in sour hydrogen ammonium, ammonium carbonate, ammonium acetate, pyridine and triethylamine, the total addition of the acidity regulator is pressed
According to N:Ni mol ratios are 6:1 weighs and obtains the positive electrode active materials covering liquid.
The lithium cobaltate cathode material is well mixed with the positive electrode active materials covering liquid, a solidliquid mixture is obtained；
And the solidliquid mixture is dried and sintered, the drying can naturally dry or heating, drying for normal temperature, as long as removing the mixing
Solvent in thing, the temperature of the heating, drying is preferably 100 DEG C.The sintering is carried out in atmosphere, is made before the cladding
The organic group driven in thing is removed, and generates the clad.The sintering temperature is 750 DEG C, and sintering time is 8 hours, obtains positive pole
Composite, the anode composite material includes positive electrode active materials and is coated on the clad of the surface of positive electrode active material.
Comparative example
Commercially available lithium cobaltate cathode material.
Above-described embodiment one, two and comparative example products therefrom are used into NMP as solvent, by active material: SP: PVDF
Be configured to slurry that solid content be 70% at=90: 5: 5 is evenly applied on Ni paper tinsels, and positive pole is made.Negative pole is from diameter 14mm's
Metal lithium sheet, electrolyte selects 1mol LiFP6 (EC：DMC：EMC=1:1:1, v/v), with negative electrode casing-shell fragment-pad-lithium
Battery is packaged by the order of piece-electrolyte-barrier film-positive plate-pad-anode cover, and whole process is all filled with argon
Completed in the glove box of gas.Electric performance test is carried out in the case where test temperature is 25 DEG C, after tested the material of the embodiment one and two
Compared with the product of comparative example, first charge-discharge reversible capacity improves 22-25%, and service life brings up to more than 35%.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of preparation method of cladded type lithium cobaltate cathode material, this method comprises the following steps：
（1）Prepare cobalt acid lithium material
The chemical formula of the cobalt acid lithium material is LiCo1-x-yFexNiyO2, wherein：X=0.15-0.2, y=0.2-0.3, according to above-mentionedization
The mole of Li, Fe, Ni, Co in formula weigh lithium carbonate, ferric acetate, nickel oxide and cobalt oxide, with appropriate water and ethanol
For decentralized medium, wet ball grinding batch mixing, the slurry mixed are carried out to the raw material weighed；The slurry mixed is sprayed
Mist is dried, and obtains cobalt acid lithium precursor；
Plasma-arc is imposed under reducing atmosphere to precursor, melts reaction powder, plasma electric arc voltage 20-
40kV, plasma electric arc current 500-1000A；
Frit reaction powder is spurted into cooling device with reducibility gas, particle crushed and screened after cooling, screening is obtained
Granular size be 5-10 microns of ball-type positive pole cobalt acid lithium material；The wherein described nozzle diameter 2-5mm for being used to spray；
（2）Prepare positive electrode active materials covering liquid
Phosphate compounds are added in alcohols solvent, phosphate ester solution is obtained；
Aluminium salt is added in the phosphate ester solution, the aluminium salt is dissolved in the alcohols solvent, and is reacted with the phosphate compounds
To homogeneous settled solution, reaction temperature is 40-80 DEG C, and the reaction time is 2-5 hours；
Addition acidity regulator adjusts the pH value of the homogeneous settled solution to 6-7, and acidity regulator can be ammoniacal liquor, bicarbonate
One or more in ammonium, ammonium carbonate, ammonium acetate, pyridine and triethylamine, the total addition of the acidity regulator is according to N:
Ni mol ratios are 1:1-6:1 weighs and obtains the positive electrode active materials covering liquid；
（3）Cladding
The lithium cobaltate cathode material is well mixed with the positive electrode active materials covering liquid, a solidliquid mixture is obtained；And
The solidliquid mixture is dried and sintered, the drying can naturally dry or heating, drying for normal temperature, as long as removing the mixing
Solvent in thing, the temperature of the heating, drying is preferably 60-100 DEG C,
The sintering is carried out in atmosphere, is removed the organic group in the cladding predecessor, is generated the clad,
The sintering temperature is 450-750 DEG C, and sintering time is 5-8 hours, obtains anode composite material, the anode composite material bag
Include positive electrode active materials and be coated on the clad of the surface of positive electrode active material.
2. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the alcohols solvent is methanol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, n-butanol and different
One or more kinds of double solvents in propyl alcohol, the phosphate compounds formula can be AnP(O)(OH)m, wherein A is
In carbon oxygen groups corresponding with the alcohol solvent molecules, i.e. methoxyl group, ethyoxyl, propoxyl group, butoxy and isopropoxy extremely
Few one kind, n=1-3, m=0-2, m+n=3；The mass ratio of phosphate compounds and alcohols solvent is 1:5-1:25.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that aluminium salt is in aluminium chloride, aluminum nitrate, aluminium isopropoxide and aluctyl
One or more, the total addition of the alcohol-soluble aluminium salt and alcohols solvent mass ratio are preferably 1:10-1:20.
4. the method as described in claim 1-3 is any, it is characterised in that the step（1）In reducibility gas be nitrogen
With the mixture of hydrogen, wherein percent by volume 1-3% of the hydrogen in mixed gas.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108281631A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-07-13 | 王群华 | A kind of preparation method of nano-particle cladding lithium cobaltate cathode material |
| CN112607787A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-04-06 | 格林美（江苏）钴业股份有限公司 | Method for recycling lithium cobaltate high-iron material |
| CN114373892A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-04-19 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | Method for controllably constructing phosphate coating layer and application thereof |
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| CN104795542A (en) * | 2015-01-06 | 2015-07-22 | 宁波南车新能源科技有限公司 | A plasma injection preparing method of a nanometer lithium ion composite anode |
| CN105720257A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-06-29 | 杨仲英 | Preparation method for lithium cobalt oxide positive electrode material |
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| CN103515590A (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2014-01-15 | 北京鼎能开源电池科技股份有限公司 | Preparation method of ternary anode material of lithium ion battery |
| CN104795542A (en) * | 2015-01-06 | 2015-07-22 | 宁波南车新能源科技有限公司 | A plasma injection preparing method of a nanometer lithium ion composite anode |
| CN105720257A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-06-29 | 杨仲英 | Preparation method for lithium cobalt oxide positive electrode material |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108281631A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-07-13 | 王群华 | A kind of preparation method of nano-particle cladding lithium cobaltate cathode material |
| CN112607787A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-04-06 | 格林美（江苏）钴业股份有限公司 | Method for recycling lithium cobaltate high-iron material |
| CN114373892A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-04-19 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | Method for controllably constructing phosphate coating layer and application thereof |
| CN114373892B (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2023-12-26 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | Method for controllably constructing phosphate coating and application thereof |
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Application publication date: 20170822 |