WO2024116313A1 - Machine tool - Google Patents

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Publication number
WO2024116313A1
WO2024116313A1 PCT/JP2022/044125 JP2022044125W WO2024116313A1 WO 2024116313 A1 WO2024116313 A1 WO 2024116313A1 JP 2022044125 W JP2022044125 W JP 2022044125W WO 2024116313 A1 WO2024116313 A1 WO 2024116313A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tool
corner
cutting
cutting tool
load value
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PCT/JP2022/044125
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
久保田知克
熊崎信也
中川太智
長井修
Original Assignee
株式会社Fuji
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Application filed by 株式会社Fuji filed Critical 株式会社Fuji
Priority to PCT/JP2022/044125 priority Critical patent/WO2024116313A1/en
Publication of WO2024116313A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024116313A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/09—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a machine tool that allows an operator to properly change the position of a cutting tool.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a machine tool equipped with an analysis device that determines the appropriate replacement time. The analysis device determines the wear state of the cutting blade based on cutting information about the cutting blade, and determines the condition of the cutting blade by considering the effect that characteristics such as wear of the cutting blade have on the measurement results of the sensor.
  • Replaceable tool bits use polygonal tips, such as triangular, square, or diamond tips, which have multiple corners that can be used as cutting edges. With these tips, each corner of a tool is rotated in turn to become the cutting edge, but there is a problem with used corners being mistakenly used. With square tips, the tool is rotated by moving four corners in turn, and if the tool can be used on both sides, it is flipped over and another four corners are moved in turn. The dimensions of the corners of these tips are extremely small, making it difficult for workers to distinguish between used and unused parts. As a result, workers, especially those with little experience, sometimes mistakenly attach used corners as cutting edges.
  • polygonal tips such as triangular, square, or diamond tips
  • the present invention aims to solve this problem by providing a machine tool that can properly change the position of the cutting tool.
  • the machine tool uses a tool changer equipped with a cutting tool that can be repositioned with multiple corners as cutting edges, and has a control device that calculates a confirmation load value based on the machining load measured in a predetermined number of machining operations after the corners of the cutting tool have been repositioned, and compares the confirmation load value with a preset reference load value to determine whether the corners of the cutting tool attached as cutting edges are unused or used.
  • a confirmation load value is calculated during processing after the corner of the cutting tool has been repositioned, and a comparison with a preset reference load value is made to determine whether the corner of the cutting tool attached as the cutting edge is unused or used. Therefore, even if the worker makes a mistake in repositioning the corner, the cutting tool can be properly repositioned.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a main internal structure of an embodiment of a machine tool.
  • 1 is an external perspective view showing an entirety of an embodiment of a machine tool;
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a control system for controlling the machine tool.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a cutting tool, which is one of a plurality of tools used in a machine tool.
  • FIG. 13 is a graph showing the life span of a chip.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a position change guide displayed on a monitor.
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing processing steps according to a cutting tool replacement program.
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing processing steps according to a reference data creation program.
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing processing steps according to a corner determination program.
  • FIG. 13 is a flowchart for executing a correction processing subroutine.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the main internal structure of the machine tool of this embodiment.
  • This machine tool 1 is a multi-tasking machine that has the functions of both an NC lathe and a machining center.
  • the machining devices that make up this multi-tasking machine are a first work spindle device 3 and a second work spindle device 5 that grip a workpiece W, and a first turret device 4 and a second turret device 6 that have a plurality of tools T, each of which is arranged symmetrically to the left and right to form an opposed two-axis lathe, and a tool spindle device 2 is further provided in the center of the machine body as a machining device.
  • the first and second work spindle devices 3, 5 are symmetrically constructed and have the same structure, with a spindle rotatably incorporated into the headstock 12, to which is attached a chuck mechanism 11 that grips the workpiece W to be machined.
  • the chuck mechanism 11 is rotated by the drive of a spindle motor 13, and the gripped workpiece W is phased during machining and rotated at a predetermined speed.
  • the headstock 12 and spindle motor 13 have a mounted spindle slide 14 that can slide freely along a guide rail 15, and positioning movement is possible by controlling a Z-axis servo motor connected to a ball screw mechanism.
  • the first and second turret devices 4 and 6 are provided with a drive mechanism that moves the tool rest 16 in two directions perpendicular to the Z axis.
  • the roughly triangular base slide 18 can slide upward at an angle of 45 degrees forward relative to the bed 10, and the turret slide 19 carrying the tool rest 16 is assembled so as to be slid downward at an angle of 45 degrees forward relative to the base slide 18.
  • the base slide 18 and the turret slide 19 are configured to move in each direction via a ball screw mechanism of a screw shaft rotated by each servo motor.
  • the tool spindle device 2 located in the center is a built-in type in which a tool motor and a tool spindle are built into the spindle head 21, and various tools T (spindle head tools) can be replaced using the tool mounting section provided at the lower end.
  • the spindle head 21 is rotatably attached to the spindle slide 22, and is configured so that the rotation of the B-axis motor 23 is transmitted via a rotation transmission mechanism.
  • the tool spindle device 2 has a guide rail fixed along the horizontal Y-axis in the front-rear direction of the machine body, and a base slide 25 is slidably assembled thereto.
  • a rail section is fixed to the front side of the base slide 25 along the vertical X-axis in the up-down direction of the machine body, and the spindle slide 22 is slidably assembled thereto.
  • Both the base slide 25 and the spindle slide 22 are provided with a ball screw mechanism, and the spindle head 21 can be moved in each axial direction by driving the Y-axis servo motor or the X-axis servo motor.
  • Figure 2 is an external perspective view of the entire machine tool 1.
  • various processing devices such as the first workpiece spindle device 3 on the bed 10 are covered by a machine body cover 30.
  • An operation display device 31 is provided in the center of the front of the machine body, and a left front door 33 and a right front door 34 are formed on both the left and right sides of it.
  • An automatic tool changer 8 that changes tools T for the tool spindle device 2 is provided in the center of the front of the machine body, and a tool magazine 35 containing multiple tools is arranged at the top front of the machine body.
  • the machine tool 1 is provided with a gantry-type automatic workpiece transport device 9, which is configured to move the workpiece W in three axial directions inside the machine body.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a control system that controls the machine tool 1.
  • the control device 7 of the machine tool 1 is connected to a microprocessor (CPU) 41, a ROM 42, a RAM 43, and a non-volatile memory 44 via a bus line.
  • the CPU 41 controls the entire control device
  • the ROM 42 stores the system program and control parameters executed by the CPU 41
  • the RAM 43 stores temporary calculation data and display data.
  • the non-volatile memory 44 stores information necessary for the processing performed by the CPU 41, and stores the sequence program of the machine tool 1, etc.
  • the control device 7 is provided with an I/O port 45, and the drive motors of each device, such as the first and second work spindle devices 3, 5, the first and second turret devices 4, 6, the automatic tool changer 8, and the automatic work transport device 9, are each connected via a driver circuit 47.
  • the workpiece W is processed by the machine tool 1, with the automatic workpiece transport device 9 transporting the workpiece W to the first workpiece spindle device 3 or the second workpiece spindle device 5, and the workpiece W is gripped by the chuck mechanism 11.
  • the tool T which has been rotated and indexed by the first and second turret devices 4, 6, is sent to a processing position for the workpiece W by the movement of the base slide 18 or the turret slide 19.
  • the spindle slide 24 moves in the Z-axis direction relative to the tool T, and the tool T is brought into contact with the rotating workpiece W, thereby performing cutting processing such as external turning or boring.
  • the first processing of the workpiece W gripped by the first workpiece spindle device 3 is performed by the first turret device 4, as well as by the tool spindle device 2 in addition, or by only the tool spindle device 2. The same is true for the second processing of the workpiece W gripped by the second workpiece spindle device 5.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing an example of a tool replaceable bit.
  • This tool replaceable bit (hereinafter simply referred to as "bit") 50 is attached to the tool rest 16 of the first turret device 4 or the second turret device 6 as a turret tool.
  • the bit 50 has a tip 52 detachably attached to the end of the shank 51 as a cutting tool, and the square tip 52 has four corners 55 (55A, 55B, 55C, 55D) that serve as cutting edges to enable cutting processing.
  • the lifespan of all tools T is set based on the number of times machining is performed and the machining time, and when the lifespan is reached, the tool is replaced, thereby maintaining the machining precision of the workpiece.
  • the lifespan is set for the corner 55 of the tip 52, and when the lifespan is reached, the cutting edge is repositioned so that the unused corner 55 replaces the used corner 55.
  • the corner 55 has an effect on the machining precision, and for example, a radius of about 0.4-1.2 mm is used in rough machining, and about 0.2-0.4 mm is used in finish machining.
  • the tool replacement assistance function of the machine tool 1 assists the operator in repositioning the tip.
  • the control device 7 counts the life of each tool T for each machining operation, and when the set value is reached, a display and sound are issued on the operation display device 31 to notify the operator of the need to replace the tool. The same is true for the tip 52, where the life is counted according to the use of the cutting tool 50.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing the lifespan of the tip 52, with the number of workpieces machined on the horizontal axis and the surface roughness of the machined area on the vertical axis.
  • the standard line 61 for surface roughness is set at 12 um (micrometers), and any workpiece that exceeds this value is deemed defective and is subject to disposal.
  • graph 62 which measures the actual surface roughness, it was confirmed that the tip 52 exceeded the standard line 61 after machining 250 workpieces. For this reason, the lifespan of the corner 55 of the tip 52 is set at a number of workpieces machined of 200.
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing the processing steps according to the cutting tool replacement program.
  • the controller 7 records the count value of the lifespan of each of the multiple tools T attached to the tool rest 16.
  • the lifespan of the cutting tool 50 is determined based on the count value of the number of times each corner 55 has been machined, and the tip 52 is determined to have reached the end of its life when the last corner 55 that was repositioned reaches the end of its lifespan. Therefore, in addition to recording the count value for each corner 55, the number of corners used is also recorded.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the repositioning guide displayed on the monitor, in which a repositioning guide dialogue 72 is displayed on an operation screen 71 displayed on the monitor.
  • the repositioning guide dialogue 72 shows a band display 73 to clearly inform the operator of the repositioning of the tip 52.
  • the repositioning guide dialogue 72 also shows an execute button 74 for repositioning, allowing the operator to confirm his or her intention (S105), and furthermore the number of corners counted up in step 109, which will be described later, is displayed in a frame 75.
  • the machine tool 1 remains in a standby state until a signal is input from the execute button 74 (S105: NO). Then, when the execute button 74 is pressed (S105: YES), tool replacement movement control is performed to move the corresponding tool T to the replacement position for the first turret device 4 (hereinafter, the same applies to the second turret device 6) (S106).
  • the corresponding tool T is rotated and indexed so that it is positioned in front of the operator who opens the left front door 33, and the tool rest 16 is moved by the drive mechanism. The tool T brought to the replacement position is then replaced by the operator.
  • the cutting tool 50 that has been brought to the replacement position is removed from the tool post 16, and the tip 52 is repositioned.
  • the tip 52 that has been removed from the shank 51 is reattached to the shank 51 with the cutting edge positioned at the next unused corner 55B, replacing the used corner 55A.
  • the cutting tool 50 is then returned to the tool post 16.
  • the execute button 74 is pressed (S105: YES)
  • the monitor of the operation and display device 31 is switched to a screen that displays a complete button, allowing the operator to confirm that the work has been completed (S107).
  • the monitor of the operation display device 31 displays a tool replacement guide display having a configuration similar to that of FIG. 6 (S111). Therefore, when the operator presses the execution button of the replacement guide dialogue (S112: YES), a tool replacement movement control is performed to move the corresponding tool T to the replacement position for the first turret device 4 (S113). The tool T brought to the replacement position is replaced by the operator. In the case of the tool bit 50, a new tip 52 is attached to the shank 51.
  • step S109 of the cutting tool replacement process When the number of corners used is counted up in step S109 of the cutting tool replacement process, the count-up flag is turned ON at the same time, and a position change check is performed to prevent the operator from making a mistake in the corner.
  • This position change check is intended to inform the operator that a used corner 55 has been mistakenly attached to the cutting edge position. In this embodiment, such a mistake in the corner 55 is judged based on the processing load during cutting.
  • the dashed lines in Figure 5 indicate N1, which is the number of times of processing 1-5 to obtain the reference data, and N2, which is the number of times of processing 201-206 using a used corner 55.
  • This graph clearly shows the difference in surface roughness depending on the number of times of processing, but this difference also appears as the processing load received by the tool during processing. Therefore, in this embodiment, the mistake in the position change of the corner 55 is judged based on the difference in processing load.
  • FIG. 8 and 9 are flow charts showing the processing steps of the corner confirmation program.
  • FIG. 8 is a reference data creation program
  • FIG. 9 is a corner judgment program.
  • the reference data creation program of FIG. 8 first, it is confirmed whether the tip 52 has been replaced (S201). The replacement can be confirmed by the replacement flag being turned ON when the work completion button is pressed in step S114 shown in FIG. 7. Therefore, if the replacement flag remains OFF (S201: NO), this reference data creation process ends. On the other hand, if the replacement flag is ON (S201: YES), it is confirmed whether the corner 55A of the next new tip 52 has been machined the number of times N1 (5 times) shown in FIG. 5 (S202).
  • corner 55A has been used for less than five machining operations (S202: NO)
  • the measurement results of the load value during machining are recorded.
  • the load measurement is based on the current value of the servo motor that drives the feed axis of the tool post 16 in the first turret device 4. In this way, the measurement results of the load value during machining are recorded for the first four machining operations immediately after replacement using corner 55A.
  • the load during machining is measured (S204), and a value obtained by adding an arbitrary tolerance to the average value of the machining load for the five operations is set as the reference load value F (S205).
  • the replacement flag is switched OFF and the reference data creation process ends.
  • the measurement results of the load value during machining are recorded (S303). Thereafter, the measurement results of the load value during machining are repeatedly recorded in this manner for the first four machining operations immediately after the corner 55 is repositioned (S303). Then, for the fifth machining operation after the corner 55 is repositioned (S302: YES), the machining load applied to the cutting tool 50 during machining is measured (S304), and a confirmation load value Fn is calculated by averaging the load values for the five operations (S305). The calculated confirmation load value Fn is then compared with the reference load value F to determine whether the repositioning of the tip 52 is appropriate (S306).
  • confirmation load value Fn is smaller than the reference load value F (S306: YES)
  • the position change flag is then switched OFF and the corner determination process ends.
  • the confirmation load value Fn is greater than the reference load value F at this time (S306: NO)
  • FIG. 10 is a flow chart for executing this correction process subroutine.
  • a position change error display is displayed on the monitor of the operation display device 31 to inform the operator that the corner 55 has been selected incorrectly, similar to the tip 52 position change guide display shown in FIG. 6 (S401).
  • An execute button is displayed there, and the operator confirms his or her intention (S402). If the execute button is pressed (S402: YES), tool change movement control is performed for the first turret device 4 to move the cutting tool 50 to the change position (S403), and the tip 52 is changed by the operator.
  • the corner determination process determines whether the corner 55 is unused or used by five load measurements, so even if workpiece machining is performed on a used corner 55, the surface roughness of the machined portion will not exceed the standard line 61 as shown in Figure 5, and no workpiece will be wasted. Also, in the cutting tool replacement process, the tool T of the first turret device 4 is automatically moved to the replacement position by the cutting tool replacement movement control, allowing the worker to complete tool replacement work and the like in a short amount of time.
  • the present invention is not limited to this embodiment, and various modifications are possible without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
  • a multi-tasking machine is used as an example of a machine tool, but a single-axis lathe or the like may also be used.
  • the reference load value F is calculated each time the chip 52 is replaced. However, when multiple identical chips 52 are replaced, the reference load value F measured for the first chip 52 may be used for the second chip 52.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automatic Tool Replacement In Machine Tools (AREA)

Abstract

A machine tool configured to suitably switch the position of a cutting tool even if the cutting tool was attached while mistaking a used corner for an unused corner, the machine tool using a cutting tool replacement implement provided with a cutting tool, the position of which can be switched and the corners of which serve as cutting edges, and having a control device that calculates a confirmation load value on the basis of machining loads measured for the cutting tool during a prescribed number of instances of machining after switching the positions of the corners and compares the confirmation load value with a preset reference load value to assess whether the corners of the attached cutting tool serving as the cutting edge is an unused corner or a used corner.

Description

工作機械Machine Tools
　本発明は、作業者に対して刃具の位置替えを適切に実行させるための工作機械に関する。 The present invention relates to a machine tool that allows an operator to properly change the position of a cutting tool.
　工作機械に使用される工具には様々なものがあるが、その一つに刃具交換式バイトがある。刃具交換式バイトは、シャンクの端部に刃具として多角形をしたチップの脱着が可能なものである。刃具交換式バイトを含む各種工具には寿命があり、適切なタイミングで交換しなければ加工精度を低下させ、更にはワークの無駄を発生させてしまう。この点、下記特許文献１には適切な交換時期を判定する分析装置を備えた工作機械が開示されている。その分析装置は、切刃に関する切刃の切削情報などに基づいて切刃の摩耗状態を判定し、切刃の消耗などの特性がセンサの計測結果に与える影響を考慮することにより、切刃の状態を判定するものである。 There are various tools used in machine tools, one of which is a replaceable cutting tool bit. A replaceable cutting tool bit has a polygonal tip that can be attached and detached as a cutting tool at the end of a shank. Various tools, including replaceable cutting tool bits, have a lifespan, and if they are not replaced at the appropriate time, the machining accuracy will decrease and even workpiece waste will occur. In this regard, Patent Document 1 below discloses a machine tool equipped with an analysis device that determines the appropriate replacement time. The analysis device determines the wear state of the cutting blade based on cutting information about the cutting blade, and determines the condition of the cutting blade by considering the effect that characteristics such as wear of the cutting blade have on the measurement results of the sensor.
国際公開ＷＯ２０２１－１５７５１８号公報International Publication No. WO2021-157518
　刃具交換式バイトは、たとえば三角形、正方形、ひし形など多角形のチップが使用されるが、そのチップは、刃先として切削加工が可能なコーナを複数有している。こうしたチップは、１個の刃具について各コーナを順番に刃先とする位置替えが行われるが、使用済みコーナを誤って使ってしまうという問題があった。正方形のチップの場合、４か所のコーナを順番に移動させた位置替えが行われ、裏表の使用が可能なものであれば、反転させてさらに４か所のコーナを順番に移動させた位置替えが行われる。こうしたチップは、コーナの寸法が極めて小さく、作業者にとって使用済み部分と未使用部分との状態が判別しにくい。そのため、特に経験の浅い作業者は、使用済みコーナを誤って刃先として取り付けてしまうことがあった。 　Replaceable tool bits use polygonal tips, such as triangular, square, or diamond tips, which have multiple corners that can be used as cutting edges. With these tips, each corner of a tool is rotated in turn to become the cutting edge, but there is a problem with used corners being mistakenly used. With square tips, the tool is rotated by moving four corners in turn, and if the tool can be used on both sides, it is flipped over and another four corners are moved in turn. The dimensions of the corners of these tips are extremely small, making it difficult for workers to distinguish between used and unused parts. As a result, workers, especially those with little experience, sometimes mistakenly attach used corners as cutting edges.
　そこで、本発明は、かかる課題を解決すべく、刃具の位置替えを適切に実行させる工作機械の提供を目的とする。 The present invention aims to solve this problem by providing a machine tool that can properly change the position of the cutting tool.
　本発明の一態様における工作機械は、複数のコーナを刃先として位置替え可能な刃具を備えた刃具交換工具を使用するものであって、前記刃具についてコーナの位置替えを行った後の所定回数の加工において計測した加工負荷を基に確認用負荷値を算出し、その確認用負荷値と予め設定された基準負荷値との比較により、刃先として取り付けた前記刃具のコーナについて未使用または使用済みのコーナ判定を行う制御装置を有する。 In one aspect of the present invention, the machine tool uses a tool changer equipped with a cutting tool that can be repositioned with multiple corners as cutting edges, and has a control device that calculates a confirmation load value based on the machining load measured in a predetermined number of machining operations after the corners of the cutting tool have been repositioned, and compares the confirmation load value with a preset reference load value to determine whether the corners of the cutting tool attached as cutting edges are unused or used.
　前記構成によれば、刃具についてコーナの位置替えを行った後の加工において確認用負荷値を算出し、予め設定された基準負荷値との比較により、刃先として取り付けた刃具のコーナについて未使用または使用済みのコーナ判定を行うようにしたため、作業者がコーナの位置替えを間違えたとしても、刃具の位置替えを適切に実行させることができる。 According to the above configuration, a confirmation load value is calculated during processing after the corner of the cutting tool has been repositioned, and a comparison with a preset reference load value is made to determine whether the corner of the cutting tool attached as the cutting edge is unused or used. Therefore, even if the worker makes a mistake in repositioning the corner, the cutting tool can be properly repositioned.
工作機械の一実施形態について主要な内部構造を示した斜視図である。FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a main internal structure of an embodiment of a machine tool. 工作機械の一実施形態について全体を示した外観斜視図である。1 is an external perspective view showing an entirety of an embodiment of a machine tool; 工作機械を制御する制御システムを示したブロック図である。FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a control system for controlling the machine tool. 工作機械で使用される複数の工具の一つであるバイトを示した斜視図である。FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a cutting tool, which is one of a plurality of tools used in a machine tool. チップの寿命に関するグラフを示した図である。FIG. 13 is a graph showing the life span of a chip. モニタに表示された位置替え案内を示した図である。FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a position change guide displayed on a monitor. 刃具交換プログラムによる処理工程を示したフローチャート図である。FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing processing steps according to a cutting tool replacement program. 基準データ作成プログラムによる処理工程を示したフローチャート図である。FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing processing steps according to a reference data creation program. コーナ判定プログラムによる処理工程を示したフローチャート図である。FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing processing steps according to a corner determination program. 修正処理サブルーチンを実行するためのフローチャート図である。FIG. 13 is a flowchart for executing a correction processing subroutine.
　本発明に係る工作機械の一実施形態について、図面を参照しながら以下に説明する。図１は、本実施形態の工作機械について主要な内部構造を示した斜視図である。この工作機械１は、ＮＣ旋盤とマシニングセンタの両方の機能を持つようにした複合加工機である。この複合加工機を構成する各加工装置は、ワークＷを把持する第１ワーク主軸装置３および第２ワーク主軸装置５、複数の工具Ｔを有する第１タレット装置４および第２タレット装置６であり、それぞれが左右対称に配置され対向２軸旋盤を構成し、更に加工装置として機体中央に工具主軸装置２が設けられている。 One embodiment of the machine tool according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the main internal structure of the machine tool of this embodiment. This machine tool 1 is a multi-tasking machine that has the functions of both an NC lathe and a machining center. The machining devices that make up this multi-tasking machine are a first work spindle device 3 and a second work spindle device 5 that grip a workpiece W, and a first turret device 4 and a second turret device 6 that have a plurality of tools T, each of which is arranged symmetrically to the left and right to form an opposed two-axis lathe, and a tool spindle device 2 is further provided in the center of the machine body as a machining device.
　対称的に構成された第１および第２ワーク主軸装置３，５は同じ構造であり、主軸台１２にスピンドルが回転自在に組み込まれ、そこに加工対象であるワークＷを把持するチャック機構１１が組付けられている。チャック機構１１はスピンドルモータ１３の駆動によって回転し、そこに把持されたワークＷに対する加工時の位相決めや所定速度での回転が与えられる。主軸台１２やスピンドルモータ１３は、搭載された主軸スライド１４がガイドレール１５に沿って摺動自在であり、ボールネジ機構に連結されたＺ軸サーボモータの制御によって位置決め移動が可能になっている。 The first and second work spindle devices 3, 5 are symmetrically constructed and have the same structure, with a spindle rotatably incorporated into the headstock 12, to which is attached a chuck mechanism 11 that grips the workpiece W to be machined. The chuck mechanism 11 is rotated by the drive of a spindle motor 13, and the gripped workpiece W is phased during machining and rotated at a predetermined speed. The headstock 12 and spindle motor 13 have a mounted spindle slide 14 that can slide freely along a guide rail 15, and positioning movement is possible by controlling a Z-axis servo motor connected to a ball screw mechanism.
　また、対照的に構成された第１タレット装置４および第２タレット装置６も互いに同じ構造であり、刃物台１６に複数の工具Ｔ（タレット工具）が円周方向に等間隔で取り付けられ、割出し用サーボモータ１７の回転制御によって、任意の工具Ｔを円周上の加工位置に位置決めできるよう構成されている。第１および第２タレット装置４，６は、刃物台１６をＺ軸に直交する２方向に移動させるようにした駆動機構が設けられている。略三角形状のベーススライド１８がベッド１０に対して前方斜め４５度上方にスライド可能であり、刃物台１６を搭載したタレットスライド１９がベーススライド１８に対して前方斜め４５度下方にスライド可能に組み付けられている。そして、ベーススライド１８やタレットスライド１９は、各々のサーボモータによって回転するネジ軸のボールネジ機構を介して各方向に移動するよう構成されている。 The first turret device 4 and the second turret device 6, which are configured in contrast, also have the same structure, and are configured such that a plurality of tools T (turret tools) are attached to the tool rest 16 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and any tool T can be positioned at a machining position on the circumference by controlling the rotation of the indexing servo motor 17. The first and second turret devices 4 and 6 are provided with a drive mechanism that moves the tool rest 16 in two directions perpendicular to the Z axis. The roughly triangular base slide 18 can slide upward at an angle of 45 degrees forward relative to the bed 10, and the turret slide 19 carrying the tool rest 16 is assembled so as to be slid downward at an angle of 45 degrees forward relative to the base slide 18. The base slide 18 and the turret slide 19 are configured to move in each direction via a ball screw mechanism of a screw shaft rotated by each servo motor.
　中央に位置する工具主軸装置２は、主軸ヘッド２１内に工具用モータや工具スピンドルが内蔵されたビルトインタイプであり、下端部に設けられた工具装着部に対して様々な工具Ｔ（主軸ヘッド工具）の取り換えが行われるようになっている。主軸ヘッド２１は、主軸スライド２２に対して回転可能に取り付けられ、回転伝達機構を介してＢ軸モータ２３の回転が伝達されるよう構成されている。工具主軸装置２は、機体前後方向の水平なＹ軸に沿ってガイドレールが固定され、そこにベーススライド２５が摺動可能に組付けられている。また、ベーススライド２５は、その前面側に機体上下方向の鉛直なＸ軸に沿ってレール部が固定され、主軸スライド２２が摺動可能に組付けられている。ベーススライド２５と主軸スライド２２は、ともにボールネジ機構が設けられ、Ｙ軸サーボ―モータまたはＸ軸サーボモータの駆動によって、主軸ヘッド２１が各軸方向に移動可能になっている。 The tool spindle device 2 located in the center is a built-in type in which a tool motor and a tool spindle are built into the spindle head 21, and various tools T (spindle head tools) can be replaced using the tool mounting section provided at the lower end. The spindle head 21 is rotatably attached to the spindle slide 22, and is configured so that the rotation of the B-axis motor 23 is transmitted via a rotation transmission mechanism. The tool spindle device 2 has a guide rail fixed along the horizontal Y-axis in the front-rear direction of the machine body, and a base slide 25 is slidably assembled thereto. In addition, a rail section is fixed to the front side of the base slide 25 along the vertical X-axis in the up-down direction of the machine body, and the spindle slide 22 is slidably assembled thereto. Both the base slide 25 and the spindle slide 22 are provided with a ball screw mechanism, and the spindle head 21 can be moved in each axial direction by driving the Y-axis servo motor or the X-axis servo motor.
　図２は、工作機械１全体の外観斜視図である。工作機械１は、ベッド１０上の第１ワーク主軸装置３など各種加工装置が機体カバー３０によって覆われている。機体正面には中央に操作表示装置３１が設けられ、その左右両側には左正面扉３３と右正面扉３４とが形成されている。機体の正面中央には工具主軸装置２に対して工具Ｔの交換を行う自動工具交換装置８が設けられ、複数の工具を収納したツールマガジン３５が機体前面上部に配置されている。また、工作機械１にはガントリ式のワーク自動搬送装置９が設けられ、機体内部にてワークＷを３軸方向に移動させるよう構成されている。 Figure 2 is an external perspective view of the entire machine tool 1. In the machine tool 1, various processing devices such as the first workpiece spindle device 3 on the bed 10 are covered by a machine body cover 30. An operation display device 31 is provided in the center of the front of the machine body, and a left front door 33 and a right front door 34 are formed on both the left and right sides of it. An automatic tool changer 8 that changes tools T for the tool spindle device 2 is provided in the center of the front of the machine body, and a tool magazine 35 containing multiple tools is arranged at the top front of the machine body. In addition, the machine tool 1 is provided with a gantry-type automatic workpiece transport device 9, which is configured to move the workpiece W in three axial directions inside the machine body.
　次に、図３は、工作機械１を制御する制御システムを示したブロック図である。工作機械１の制御装置７は、マイクロプロセッサ（ＣＰＵ）４１、ＲＯＭ４２、ＲＡＭ４３、不揮発性メモリ４４がバスラインを介して接続されている。ＣＰＵ４１は、制御装置全体を統括制御するものであり、ＲＯＭ４２にはＣＰＵ４１が実行するシステムプログラムや制御パラメータ等が格納され、ＲＡＭ４３には一時的な計算データや表示データ等が格納される。不揮発性メモリ４４にはＣＰＵ４１が行う処理に必要な情報が記憶され、工作機械１のシーケンスプログラムなどが格納されている。そして、制御装置７にはＩ／Ｏポート４５が設けられ、第１及び第２ワーク主軸装置３，５、第１および第２タレット装置４，６、自動工具交換装置８およびワーク自動搬送装置９など、各装置の駆動モータが各々ドライバ回路４７を介して接続されている。 Next, FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a control system that controls the machine tool 1. The control device 7 of the machine tool 1 is connected to a microprocessor (CPU) 41, a ROM 42, a RAM 43, and a non-volatile memory 44 via a bus line. The CPU 41 controls the entire control device, and the ROM 42 stores the system program and control parameters executed by the CPU 41, while the RAM 43 stores temporary calculation data and display data. The non-volatile memory 44 stores information necessary for the processing performed by the CPU 41, and stores the sequence program of the machine tool 1, etc. The control device 7 is provided with an I/O port 45, and the drive motors of each device, such as the first and second work spindle devices 3, 5, the first and second turret devices 4, 6, the automatic tool changer 8, and the automatic work transport device 9, are each connected via a driver circuit 47.
　続いて、工作機械１におけるワークＷの加工は、ワーク自動搬送装置９によってワークＷが第１ワーク主軸装置３や第２ワーク主軸装置５へと運ばれ、チャック機構１１に把持される。第１および第２タレット装置４，６で旋回割出しされた工具Ｔは、ベーススライド１８やタレットスライド１９の移動によりワークＷに対する加工位置へと送られる。そうした工具Ｔに対して主軸スライド２４がＺ軸方向に移動し、回転するワークＷに工具Ｔが当てられることにより外径旋削や中ぐり加工などの切削加工が行われる。第１ワーク主軸装置３で把持されたワークＷに対する第１加工は、第１タレット装置４による加工のほか、工具主軸装置２を加えた加工、或いは工具主軸装置２のみによる加工が行われる。第２ワーク主軸装置５で把持されたワークＷに対する第２加工でも同様である。 Then, the workpiece W is processed by the machine tool 1, with the automatic workpiece transport device 9 transporting the workpiece W to the first workpiece spindle device 3 or the second workpiece spindle device 5, and the workpiece W is gripped by the chuck mechanism 11. The tool T, which has been rotated and indexed by the first and second turret devices 4, 6, is sent to a processing position for the workpiece W by the movement of the base slide 18 or the turret slide 19. The spindle slide 24 moves in the Z-axis direction relative to the tool T, and the tool T is brought into contact with the rotating workpiece W, thereby performing cutting processing such as external turning or boring. The first processing of the workpiece W gripped by the first workpiece spindle device 3 is performed by the first turret device 4, as well as by the tool spindle device 2 in addition, or by only the tool spindle device 2. The same is true for the second processing of the workpiece W gripped by the second workpiece spindle device 5.
　工作機械では、ワーク加工が繰り返されることで工具Ｔの摩耗が進むため、寿命に達した工具Ｔについてその都度交換が行われる。本実施形態の工作機械１は、特に工具Ｔの中でも刃具交換式バイトについて、作業者によるチップの位置替えを補助する刃具交換補助機能を有し、制御装置７には刃具交換プログラムが格納されている。ここで図４は、刃具交換式バイトの一例を示した斜視図である。この刃具交換式バイト（以下、単に「バイト」と記す）５０は、タレット工具として第１タレット装置４や第２タレット装置６の刃物台１６に取り付けられている。バイト５０は、シャンク５１の端部に刃具としてチップ５２が着脱可能に取り付けられ、四角形のチップ５２は４か所のコーナ５５（５５Ａ，５５Ｂ，５５Ｃ，５５Ｄ）が刃先となって切削加工を可能にするものである。 In machine tools, tools T wear out as workpiece processing is repeated, and tools T that have reached the end of their life are replaced each time. The machine tool 1 of this embodiment has a tool replacement assistance function that assists the operator in changing the position of the tip of the tool T, particularly the tool replaceable bit, and the control device 7 stores a tool replacement program. Here, FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing an example of a tool replaceable bit. This tool replaceable bit (hereinafter simply referred to as "bit") 50 is attached to the tool rest 16 of the first turret device 4 or the second turret device 6 as a turret tool. The bit 50 has a tip 52 detachably attached to the end of the shank 51 as a cutting tool, and the square tip 52 has four corners 55 (55A, 55B, 55C, 55D) that serve as cutting edges to enable cutting processing.
　工作機械１では、バイト５０に限らず全ての工具Ｔについて加工回数や加工時間などを基準に寿命が設定され、寿命に達したところで工具交換が行われることにより、ワークの加工精度が維持されている。バイト５０の場合は、チップ５２のコーナ５５について寿命が設定され、寿命に達したところで使用済みコーナ５５に替えて未使用のコーナ５５を刃先とする位置替えが行われる。コーナ５５は、そのコーナ半径が加工精度に影響を及ぼすことになるが、例えば荒加工では０．４－１．２ｍｍ程度であり、仕上げ加工では０．２－０．４ｍｍ程度のものが使用される。 In the machine tool 1, the lifespan of all tools T, not just the bit 50, is set based on the number of times machining is performed and the machining time, and when the lifespan is reached, the tool is replaced, thereby maintaining the machining precision of the workpiece. In the case of the bit 50, the lifespan is set for the corner 55 of the tip 52, and when the lifespan is reached, the cutting edge is repositioned so that the unused corner 55 replaces the used corner 55. The corner 55 has an effect on the machining precision, and for example, a radius of about 0.4-1.2 mm is used in rough machining, and about 0.2-0.4 mm is used in finish machining.
　チップ５２のコーナ５５は、こうした微小な刃先を構成するものであるため、摩耗状態を確認して行うチップ５５の位置替え作業は、未使用のコーナ５５と使用済みのコーナ５５との判別が難しい。特に、使用済みコーナ５５が多くなった場合には付け間違いが起こりやすくなる。工作機械１の刃具交換補助機能は、そうしたチップの位置替えに関して作業者を補助するものである。制御装置７では各工具Ｔについて加工毎に寿命がカウントされ、設定値に達したところで操作表示装置３１に表示や音が発せられ、作業者に対して工具交換などの報知が行われる。このことはチップ５２であっても同じであり、バイト５０の使用に従って寿命のカウントが行われている。 Since the corners 55 of the tip 52 constitute such a tiny cutting edge, when checking the wear state and repositioning the tip 55, it is difficult to distinguish between unused corners 55 and used corners 55. In particular, when there are many used corners 55, it is easy to make mistakes when attaching them. The tool replacement assistance function of the machine tool 1 assists the operator in repositioning the tip. The control device 7 counts the life of each tool T for each machining operation, and when the set value is reached, a display and sound are issued on the operation display device 31 to notify the operator of the need to replace the tool. The same is true for the tip 52, where the life is counted according to the use of the cutting tool 50.
　バイト５０に関する寿命は、ワークの加工個数により決定されるものとして説明する。図５は、チップ５２の寿命に関するグラフを示した図であり、横軸に加工個数を示し、縦軸には加工部の面粗さが示されている。ここでは面粗さの規格ライン６１が１２ｕｍ（マイクロメートル）として設定され、この値を超えたものはＮＧワークとして廃棄対象となってしまう。チップ５２は、実際の面粗さを測定したグラフ６２に示すように、２５０個の加工で規格ライン６１を超えてしまうことが確認できた。そのため、チップ５２は、コーナ５５の寿命が加工個数を２００として設定されている。 The lifespan of the cutting tool 50 will be explained as being determined by the number of workpieces machined. Figure 5 is a graph showing the lifespan of the tip 52, with the number of workpieces machined on the horizontal axis and the surface roughness of the machined area on the vertical axis. Here, the standard line 61 for surface roughness is set at 12 um (micrometers), and any workpiece that exceeds this value is deemed defective and is subject to disposal. As shown in graph 62, which measures the actual surface roughness, it was confirmed that the tip 52 exceeded the standard line 61 after machining 250 workpieces. For this reason, the lifespan of the corner 55 of the tip 52 is set at a number of workpieces machined of 200.
　次に、図７は、刃具交換プログラムによる処理工程を示したフローチャート図である。刃具交換処理では、制御装置７において刃物台１６に取り付けられた複数の工具Ｔについて、工具毎の寿命のカウント値が記録されている。バイト５０の寿命は、コーナ５５について加工回数のカウント値を基に寿命判定が行われ、チップ５２は、位置替えした最後のコーナ５５が寿命に達したことによって、それ自体が寿命と判定される。従って、コーナ５５毎にカウント値が記録されるほか、使用したコーナの数も記録されるようになっている。 Next, FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing the processing steps according to the cutting tool replacement program. In the cutting tool replacement process, the controller 7 records the count value of the lifespan of each of the multiple tools T attached to the tool rest 16. The lifespan of the cutting tool 50 is determined based on the count value of the number of times each corner 55 has been machined, and the tip 52 is determined to have reached the end of its life when the last corner 55 that was repositioned reaches the end of its lifespan. Therefore, in addition to recording the count value for each corner 55, the number of corners used is also recorded.
　刃具交換処理では、先ずは刃先として使用されているコーナ５５（例えば一番目のコーナ５５Ａ）について加工回数のカウント値を基に、寿命に達したか否かの確認が行われる（Ｓ１０１）。カウント値が設定回数である２００に達していなければ（Ｓ１０１：ＮＯ）、コーナ５５の加工回数が「１」カウントアップされ（Ｓ１０２）、この刃具交換処理が終了する。一方で、コーナ５５による加工が設定回数に達した場合には（Ｓ１０１：ＹＥＳ）、使用コーナ数を基にチップ５２の交換について確認が行われる（Ｓ１０３）。チップ５２は、４か所のコーナ５５が使用されるものであるため、使用コーナ数は「４」である。コーナ５５Ａを使用している状況では、使用コーナ数の値は「１」となっている。 In the cutting tool replacement process, first, a check is made to see if the corner 55 being used as the cutting edge (for example, the first corner 55A) has reached the end of its life based on the count value of the number of times it has been cut (S101). If the count value has not reached the set number of times, which is 200 (S101: NO), the number of times the corner 55 has been cut is incremented by "1" (S102), and the cutting tool replacement process ends. On the other hand, if the number of times the corner 55 has been cut has reached the set number of times (S101: YES), a check is made to see whether the tip 52 should be replaced based on the number of corners used (S103). The tip 52 uses four corners 55, so the number of corners used is "4". When corner 55A is being used, the value of the number of corners used is "1".
　そこで、チップ５２の交換が必要でない場合には（Ｓ１０３：ＮＯ）、操作表示装置３１のモニタに図６に示すチップ５２の位置替え案内表示が行われる（Ｓ１０４）。図６は、モニタに表示された位置替え案内を示した図であり、そこにはモニタに表示された運転画面７１上に位置替え案内ダイアログ７２が表示されている。位置替え案内ダイアログ７２は、チップ５２の位置替えを作業者に分かり易く知らせるための帯表示７３が示されている。また、位置替え案内ダイアログ７２には、位置替えを行うための実行ボタン７４が表示され、作業者による意思確認が行われるようになっており（Ｓ１０５）、さらに後述するステップ１０９でカウントアップされたコーナ数が枠７５に表示されるようになっている。 If the tip 52 does not need to be replaced (S103: NO), a tip 52 repositioning guide as shown in FIG. 6 is displayed on the monitor of the operation and display device 31 (S104). FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the repositioning guide displayed on the monitor, in which a repositioning guide dialogue 72 is displayed on an operation screen 71 displayed on the monitor. The repositioning guide dialogue 72 shows a band display 73 to clearly inform the operator of the repositioning of the tip 52. The repositioning guide dialogue 72 also shows an execute button 74 for repositioning, allowing the operator to confirm his or her intention (S105), and furthermore the number of corners counted up in step 109, which will be described later, is displayed in a frame 75.
　工作機械１は、実行ボタン７４からの信号入力があるまでは待機状態となっている（Ｓ１０５：ＮＯ）。そして、実行ボタン７４が押されたならば（Ｓ１０５：ＹＥＳ）、第１タレット装置４（以下、第２タレット装置６でも同じ）に対して該当する工具Ｔを交換位置にまで移動させる刃具交換移動制御が行われる（Ｓ１０６）。刃具交換移動制御では、左正面扉３３を開けた作業者の目の前に位置するように、該当する工具Ｔについて旋回割り出しが行われ、刃物台１６が駆動機構によって移動する。そして、交換位置に運ばれた工具Ｔは、作業者によって交換作業が行われる。 The machine tool 1 remains in a standby state until a signal is input from the execute button 74 (S105: NO). Then, when the execute button 74 is pressed (S105: YES), tool replacement movement control is performed to move the corresponding tool T to the replacement position for the first turret device 4 (hereinafter, the same applies to the second turret device 6) (S106). In the tool replacement movement control, the corresponding tool T is rotated and indexed so that it is positioned in front of the operator who opens the left front door 33, and the tool rest 16 is moved by the drive mechanism. The tool T brought to the replacement position is then replaced by the operator.
　交換位置に運ばれたバイト５０は、刃物台１６から取り外され、チップ５２の位置替えが行われる。シャンク５１から取り外されたチップ５２は、使用済みコーナ５５Ａに替えて未使用である次のコーナ５５Ｂを刃先の位置にし、再びシャンク５１に取り付けられる。そして、そのバイト５０が刃物台１６に戻される。なお、実行ボタン７４が押されると（Ｓ１０５：ＹＥＳ）、操作表示装置３１のモニタは完了ボタンを表示する画面に切り換えられ、作業者による作業完了の確認が行われるようになっている（Ｓ１０７）。 The cutting tool 50 that has been brought to the replacement position is removed from the tool post 16, and the tip 52 is repositioned. The tip 52 that has been removed from the shank 51 is reattached to the shank 51 with the cutting edge positioned at the next unused corner 55B, replacing the used corner 55A. The cutting tool 50 is then returned to the tool post 16. When the execute button 74 is pressed (S105: YES), the monitor of the operation and display device 31 is switched to a screen that displays a complete button, allowing the operator to confirm that the work has been completed (S107).
　そこで、作業者によって左正面扉３３が閉じられて作業完了ボタンが押された場合には（Ｓ１０７：ＹＥＳ）、第１タレット装置４を原点位置に戻す刃具交換移動制御が行われる（Ｓ１０８）。それとともにチップ５２の位置替えに伴い使用コーナ数の値が「１」カウントアップされ（Ｓ１０９）、コーナ５５の加工回数はゼロにリセットされ（Ｓ１１０）、この刃具交換処理が終了する。以上のようなステップＳ１０１－Ｓ１１０までの工程が繰り返されて、チップ５２のコーナ５５Ｃ，５５Ｄについても同じように位置替えが行われる。 When the operator closes the left front door 33 and presses the work complete button (S107: YES), a tool replacement movement control is performed to return the first turret device 4 to the origin position (S108). At the same time, the number of corners used is counted up by "1" due to the repositioning of the tip 52 (S109), the number of times corner 55 has been machined is reset to zero (S110), and the tool replacement process ends. The above steps S101-S110 are repeated, and the corners 55C and 55D of the tip 52 are similarly repositioned.
　続いて、コーナ５５Ｄによる加工が設定回数に達した場合には（Ｓ１０１：ＹＥＳ）、使用コーナ数の値が「４」となることでチップ５２の交換が必要と判定される（Ｓ１０３：ＹＥＳ）。このとき操作表示装置３１のモニタには、図６と同様な構成の刃具交換案内表示が行われる（Ｓ１１１）。そのため、作業者によって交換案内ダイアログの実行ボタンが押されると（Ｓ１１２：ＹＥＳ）、第１タレット装置４に対して該当する工具Ｔを交換位置にまで移動させる刃具交換移動制御が行われる（Ｓ１１３）。交換位置に運ばれた工具Ｔは作業者によって交換作業が行われる。バイト５０の場合は、シャンク５１に対する新しいチップ５２の付け替えである。その後、交換を行った作業者により、左正面扉３３が閉じられ作業完了ボタンが押されると（Ｓ１１４：ＹＥＳ）、第１タレット装置４を原点位置に戻す刃具交換移動制御が行われる（Ｓ１１５）。そして、新しいチップ５２について寿命のカウントをゼロから開始するため、該当するカウント値がリセットされ（Ｓ１１６）、この刃具交換処理が終了する。 Next, when the number of corners used by the corner 55D reaches the set number (S101: YES), the value of the number of corners used becomes "4", and it is determined that the tip 52 needs to be replaced (S103: YES). At this time, the monitor of the operation display device 31 displays a tool replacement guide display having a configuration similar to that of FIG. 6 (S111). Therefore, when the operator presses the execution button of the replacement guide dialogue (S112: YES), a tool replacement movement control is performed to move the corresponding tool T to the replacement position for the first turret device 4 (S113). The tool T brought to the replacement position is replaced by the operator. In the case of the tool bit 50, a new tip 52 is attached to the shank 51. After that, when the operator who performed the replacement closes the left front door 33 and presses the work completion button (S114: YES), a tool replacement movement control is performed to return the first turret device 4 to the origin position (S115). Then, in order to start counting the life span of the new tip 52 from zero, the corresponding count value is reset (S116), and the cutting tool replacement process ends.
　ところで、刃具交換処理のステップＳ１０９で使用コーナ数のカウントアップが行われた場合には、同時にカウントアップフラグがＯＮになり、作業者によるコーナ間違いを無くすための位置替えチェックが行われる。この位置替えチェックは、誤って使用済みコーナ５５を刃先の位置に取り付けてしまったことを作業者に知らせるためのものである。本実施形態では、こうしたコーナ５５の間違いを切削時の加工負荷によって判定するようにしている。図５で示す破線は、基準データを取得するための１－５回の加工回数分Ｎ１と、使用済みコーナ５５による２０１―２０６回の加工回数分Ｎ２とが示されている。このグラフからは加工回数によって面粗さの違いが明確になっているが、こうした違いは加工時の工具が受ける加工負荷にもなって現れる。そこで、本実施形態では加工負荷の違いからコーナ５５の位置替えの間違いを判定するようにしている。 When the number of corners used is counted up in step S109 of the cutting tool replacement process, the count-up flag is turned ON at the same time, and a position change check is performed to prevent the operator from making a mistake in the corner. This position change check is intended to inform the operator that a used corner 55 has been mistakenly attached to the cutting edge position. In this embodiment, such a mistake in the corner 55 is judged based on the processing load during cutting. The dashed lines in Figure 5 indicate N1, which is the number of times of processing 1-5 to obtain the reference data, and N2, which is the number of times of processing 201-206 using a used corner 55. This graph clearly shows the difference in surface roughness depending on the number of times of processing, but this difference also appears as the processing load received by the tool during processing. Therefore, in this embodiment, the mistake in the position change of the corner 55 is judged based on the difference in processing load.
　図８および図９は、コーナ確認プログラムによる処理工程を示したフローチャート図である。特に、図８は基準データ作成プログラムであり、図９は、コーナ判定プログラムである。図８の基準データ作成プログラムでは、先ず、チップ５２の交換が行われたか否かについて確認が行われる（Ｓ２０１）。交換確認は、図７に示すステップＳ１１４で作業完了ボタンが押された場合に交換フラグがＯＮになることで確認できるようになっている。従って、交換フラグがＯＦＦのままであれば（Ｓ２０１：ＮＯ）、この基準データ作成処理は終了する。一方、交換フラグがＯＮになっていた場合には（Ｓ２０１：ＹＥＳ）、次に新しいチップ５２のコーナ５５Ａについて図５に示す加工回数部分Ｎ１（５回分）の加工が行われたか否かについて確認が行われる（Ｓ２０２）。 8 and 9 are flow charts showing the processing steps of the corner confirmation program. In particular, FIG. 8 is a reference data creation program, and FIG. 9 is a corner judgment program. In the reference data creation program of FIG. 8, first, it is confirmed whether the tip 52 has been replaced (S201). The replacement can be confirmed by the replacement flag being turned ON when the work completion button is pressed in step S114 shown in FIG. 7. Therefore, if the replacement flag remains OFF (S201: NO), this reference data creation process ends. On the other hand, if the replacement flag is ON (S201: YES), it is confirmed whether the corner 55A of the next new tip 52 has been machined the number of times N1 (5 times) shown in FIG. 5 (S202).
　コーナ５５Ａによる加工が５回未満であれば（Ｓ２０２：ＮＯ）、加工時の負荷値について計測結果が記録される。負荷計測は、第１タレット装置４における刃物台１６の送り軸を駆動するサーボモータの電流値を基に計測される。コーナ５５Ａによる交換直後の４回分までの加工は、こうして加工時の負荷値について計測結果が記録される。そして、コーナ５５Ａによる５回目の加工では（Ｓ２０２：ＹＥＳ）、加工時の負荷について計測が行われ（Ｓ２０４）、更に５回分の加工負荷の平均値に任意の許容値を加算した値が基準負荷値Ｆとして設定される（Ｓ２０５）。また、このステップＳ２０５では、交換フラグがＯＦＦに切り替えられて基準データ作成処理が終了する。 If corner 55A has been used for less than five machining operations (S202: NO), the measurement results of the load value during machining are recorded. The load measurement is based on the current value of the servo motor that drives the feed axis of the tool post 16 in the first turret device 4. In this way, the measurement results of the load value during machining are recorded for the first four machining operations immediately after replacement using corner 55A. Then, for the fifth machining operation using corner 55A (S202: YES), the load during machining is measured (S204), and a value obtained by adding an arbitrary tolerance to the average value of the machining load for the five operations is set as the reference load value F (S205). Also, in this step S205, the replacement flag is switched OFF and the reference data creation process ends.
　次に、図９のコーナ判定プログラムでは、先ず、コーナ５５の位置替えが行われたか否かについて確認が行われる（Ｓ３０１）。位置替え確認は、図７に示すステップＳ１０７で作業完了ボタンが押された場合に位置替えフラグがＯＮになることで確認できるようになっている。従って、位置替えフラグがＯＦＦのままであれば（Ｓ３０１：ＮＯ）、このコーナ判定処理は終了する。一方、位置替えフラグがＯＮになっていた場合には（Ｓ３０１：ＹＥＳ）、その後の加工が５回行われたか否かについて確認が行われる（Ｓ３０２）。 Next, in the corner determination program of FIG. 9, first, it is confirmed whether the position of the corner 55 has been changed (S301). The position change can be confirmed by the position change flag being turned ON when the work completion button is pressed in step S107 shown in FIG. 7. Therefore, if the position change flag remains OFF (S301: NO), this corner determination process ends. On the other hand, if the position change flag has been ON (S301: YES), it is confirmed whether five subsequent machining operations have been performed (S302).
　加工が５回未満の場合であれば（Ｓ３０２：ＮＯ）、加工時の負荷値について計測結果が記録される（Ｓ３０３）。その後も、コーナ５５の位置替え直後の４回分までの加工は、こうして加工時の負荷値について計測結果が繰り返し記録される（Ｓ３０３）。そして、コーナ５５の位置替えから５回目の加工では（Ｓ３０２：ＹＥＳ）、加工時のバイト５０に加わる加工負荷について計測が行われ（Ｓ３０４）、更に５回分の負荷値を平均した確認用負荷値Ｆｎが算出される（Ｓ３０５）。その後、算出された確認用負荷値Ｆｎと基準負荷値Ｆとの比較により、チップ５２の位置替えが適切か否かにつて判定が行われる（Ｓ３０６）。 If the number of machining operations is less than five (S302: NO), the measurement results of the load value during machining are recorded (S303). Thereafter, the measurement results of the load value during machining are repeatedly recorded in this manner for the first four machining operations immediately after the corner 55 is repositioned (S303). Then, for the fifth machining operation after the corner 55 is repositioned (S302: YES), the machining load applied to the cutting tool 50 during machining is measured (S304), and a confirmation load value Fn is calculated by averaging the load values for the five operations (S305). The calculated confirmation load value Fn is then compared with the reference load value F to determine whether the repositioning of the tip 52 is appropriate (S306).
　確認用負荷値Ｆｎが基準負荷値Ｆより小さい場合には（Ｓ３０６：ＹＥＳ）、バイト５０の刃先がコーナ５５Ａではなく、未使用のコーナ５５Ｂ（コーナ５５Ｃ，５５Ｄであってもよい）になっていると判定される。そこで、位置替えフラグがＯＦＦに切り替えられてコーナ判定処理が終了する。しかし、このとき確認用負荷値Ｆｎが基準負荷値Ｆより大きい場合は（Ｓ３０６：ＮＯ）、位置替えが間違っていると判定される。つまり、２００回の加工に使用されたコーナ５５Ａを、作業者が誤って刃先として再び取り付けてしまったということである。 If the confirmation load value Fn is smaller than the reference load value F (S306: YES), it is determined that the cutting edge of the cutting tool 50 is not corner 55A but unused corner 55B (or it may be corner 55C or 55D). The position change flag is then switched OFF and the corner determination process ends. However, if the confirmation load value Fn is greater than the reference load value F at this time (S306: NO), it is determined that the position change is incorrect. In other words, the operator has mistakenly reinstalled corner 55A, which has been used for 200 machining operations, as the cutting edge.
　この場合、警報音などを発する報知（Ｓ３０８）とともに、コーナ５５の位置を正すための修正処理が実行される（Ｓ３０９）。ここで、図１０は、この修正処理サブルーチンを実行するためのフローチャート図である。修正処理では、先ず図６に示すチップ５２の位置替え案内表示と同様に、操作表示装置３１のモニタにコーナ５５の選択ミスを知らせる位置替えエラー表示が行われる（Ｓ４０１）。そこには実行ボタンが表示され作業者による意思確認が行われる（Ｓ４０２）。実行ボタンが押された場合には（Ｓ４０２：ＹＥＳ）、第１タレット装置４に対してバイト５０を交換位置にまで移動させる刃具交換移動制御が行われ（Ｓ４０３）、作業者によってチップ５２の位置替え作業が行われる。 In this case, a warning such as an alarm is issued (S308), and a correction process is executed to correct the position of the corner 55 (S309). FIG. 10 is a flow chart for executing this correction process subroutine. In the correction process, first, a position change error display is displayed on the monitor of the operation display device 31 to inform the operator that the corner 55 has been selected incorrectly, similar to the tip 52 position change guide display shown in FIG. 6 (S401). An execute button is displayed there, and the operator confirms his or her intention (S402). If the execute button is pressed (S402: YES), tool change movement control is performed for the first turret device 4 to move the cutting tool 50 to the change position (S403), and the tip 52 is changed by the operator.
　実行ボタンが押された場合には操作表示装置３１のモニタは完了ボタンを表示する画面に切り換えられ、作業者による作業完了の確認が行われる（Ｓ４０４）。そのため、作業者によって作業完了ボタンが押された場合には（Ｓ４０４：ＹＥＳ）、第１タレット装置４を原点位置に戻す刃具交換移動制御が行われる（Ｓ４０５）。また、コーナ５５の加工回数がゼロにリセットされ（Ｓ４０６）、修正処理サブルーチンが終了するとともに、図９に示すコーナ判定処理が終了する。なお、付け直しを行ったコーナ５５に対しても、直後の５回分の加工について図９に示すコーナ判定処理が実行される。 When the execute button is pressed, the monitor of the operation display device 31 is switched to a screen displaying a complete button, and the worker confirms that the work is complete (S404). Therefore, when the worker presses the work complete button (S404: YES), tool replacement movement control is performed to return the first turret device 4 to the origin position (S405). In addition, the number of times the corner 55 has been machined is reset to zero (S406), the correction processing subroutine ends, and the corner determination process shown in Figure 9 ends. Note that the corner determination process shown in Figure 9 is also performed on the repositioned corner 55 for the immediately following five machining operations.
　そして、その後のバイト５０を使用した加工でも同様に図７に示す刃具交換処理と、図９及び図１０に示すコーナ判定処理が繰り返される。こうして、本実施形態によれば、コーナ５５の位置替えに作業者の間違いがあったとしても、使用済みコーナ５５によって加工を継続させてしまうことを防止することができ、加工品質を保つことができる。特に、複数のコーナを有するチップは未使用コーナが少なくなるとミスが生じやすくなるが、作業者への報知によって適切な位置替えが行われることとなる。 Then, in subsequent machining operations using the bit 50, the cutting tool replacement process shown in FIG. 7 and the corner determination process shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 are repeated in the same manner. Thus, according to this embodiment, even if the operator makes a mistake in repositioning the corner 55, it is possible to prevent machining from continuing with a used corner 55, and machining quality can be maintained. In particular, with chips having multiple corners, mistakes are more likely to occur as the number of unused corners decreases, but the operator is notified and can make appropriate repositioning.
　コーナ判定処理では５回分の負荷計測によってコーナ５５の未使用か使用済みかの状態を判定しているため、使用済みのコーナ５５でワーク加工が行われたとしても、図５に示すように加工部の面粗さが規格ライン６１を超えてしまうことはなく、ワークが無駄になることもない。また、刃具交換処理では、刃具交換移動制御によって第１タレット装置４の工具Ｔが交換位置まで自動で移動するため、作業者にとって工具交換作業などを短時間で済ますことができる。 The corner determination process determines whether the corner 55 is unused or used by five load measurements, so even if workpiece machining is performed on a used corner 55, the surface roughness of the machined portion will not exceed the standard line 61 as shown in Figure 5, and no workpiece will be wasted. Also, in the cutting tool replacement process, the tool T of the first turret device 4 is automatically moved to the replacement position by the cutting tool replacement movement control, allowing the worker to complete tool replacement work and the like in a short amount of time.
　本発明の一実施形態について説明したが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではなく、その趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で様々な変更が可能である。
　例えば、前記実施形態では工作機械として複合加工機を例に挙げたが、一軸旋盤などであってもよい。
　前記実施形態ではチップ５２の交換毎に基準負荷値Ｆを算出するように説明したが、複数個の同じチップ５２が交換される場合には、最初の１個目に計測した基準負荷値Ｆを２個目のチップ５２に対して使用するようにしてもよい。 Although one embodiment of the present invention has been described, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment, and various modifications are possible without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
For example, in the above embodiment, a multi-tasking machine is used as an example of a machine tool, but a single-axis lathe or the like may also be used.
In the above embodiment, the reference load value F is calculated each time the chip 52 is replaced. However, when multiple identical chips 52 are replaced, the reference load value F measured for the first chip 52 may be used for the second chip 52.
１…工作機械　２…工具主軸装置　３…第１ワーク主軸装置　４…第１タレット装置　５…第２ワーク主軸装置　６…第２タレット装置　７…制御装置　８…工具交換装置　９…ワーク自動搬送装置　１６…刃物台　３１…操作表示装置　５０…刃具交換式バイト　５１…シャンク　５２…チップ　５５（５５Ａ，５５Ｂ，５５Ｃ，５５Ｄ）…コーナ　７２…位置替え案内ダイアログ
  Reference Signs List 1...machine tool 2...tool spindle device 3...first workpiece spindle device 4...first turret device 5...second workpiece spindle device 6...second turret device 7...control device 8...tool exchange device 9...automatic workpiece transport device 16...tool rest 31...operation and display device 50...replaceable cutting tool 51...shank 52...chip 55 (55A, 55B, 55C, 55D)...corner 72...position change guidance dialogue

Claims (4)

  1. 　複数のコーナを刃先として位置替え可能な刃具を備えた刃具交換工具を使用する工作機械であって、
    　前記刃具についてコーナの位置替えを行った後の所定回数の加工において計測した加工負荷を基に確認用負荷値を算出し、その確認用負荷値と予め設定された基準負荷値との比較により、刃先として取り付けた前記刃具のコーナについて未使用または使用済みのコーナ判定を行う制御装置を有する工作機械。     A machine tool using a cutting tool changeable tool having a cutting tool that can be changed to a position with a plurality of corners as a cutting edge,
    A machine tool having a control device that calculates a confirmation load value based on the machining load measured during a predetermined number of machining operations after changing the corner position of the cutting tool, and determines whether the corner of the cutting tool attached as a cutting edge is unused or used by comparing the confirmation load value with a preset reference load value.
  2. 　前記基準負荷値は、刃先として一番目に使用された前記刃具のコーナについて、所定回数の加工で計測した加工負荷を基に算出したものである請求項１に記載の工作機械。 The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the reference load value is calculated based on the machining load measured for the corner of the cutting tool that is first used as the cutting edge after a predetermined number of machining operations.
  3. 　前記制御装置は、前記確認用負荷値と前記基準負荷値との比較により、刃先として取り付けた前記刃具のコーナが使用済みと判定された場合には、表示装置に前記コーナの選択ミスを知らせる位置替えエラーが表示される請求項１または請求項２に記載の工作機械。 The machine tool according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the control device, when it is determined by comparing the confirmation load value with the reference load value that the corner of the tool attached as the cutting edge has been used, displays a repositioning error on the display device to inform the user that the corner has been selected incorrectly.
  4. 　前記制御装置は、前記コーナの位置替えに関する意思確認ボタンの操作に応じて前記刃具交換工具を作業位置へ移動制御する請求項１に記載の工作機械。
          2. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the control device controls the cutting tool replacer to move to a working position in response to an operation of a button for confirming an intention regarding changing the position of the corner.
PCT/JP2022/044125 2022-11-30 2022-11-30 Machine tool WO2024116313A1 (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS55120954A (en) * 1979-03-13 1980-09-17 Fanuc Ltd Method for detection of machine tool life
JP2003266280A (en) * 2002-03-20 2003-09-24 Kyocera Corp Circuit diagnosis device for throw away tip with circuit
JP2017094437A (en) * 2015-11-24 2017-06-01 ローランドディー．ジー．株式会社 Cutting machine and method for gripping machining tool
JP2021074786A (en) * 2019-11-05 2021-05-20 村田機械株式会社 Vertical lathe

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS55120954A (en) * 1979-03-13 1980-09-17 Fanuc Ltd Method for detection of machine tool life
JP2003266280A (en) * 2002-03-20 2003-09-24 Kyocera Corp Circuit diagnosis device for throw away tip with circuit
JP2017094437A (en) * 2015-11-24 2017-06-01 ローランドディー．ジー．株式会社 Cutting machine and method for gripping machining tool
JP2021074786A (en) * 2019-11-05 2021-05-20 村田機械株式会社 Vertical lathe

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