WO2024113646A1 - 一种电动汽车车位的自动灭火*** - Google Patents

一种电动汽车车位的自动灭火*** Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024113646A1
WO2024113646A1 PCT/CN2023/089246 CN2023089246W WO2024113646A1 WO 2024113646 A1 WO2024113646 A1 WO 2024113646A1 CN 2023089246 W CN2023089246 W CN 2023089246W WO 2024113646 A1 WO2024113646 A1 WO 2024113646A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electric vehicle
fire extinguishing
quick
parking space
installation cavity
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PCT/CN2023/089246
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张立磊
王洋
李明明
***
鞠光才
林昊
时晓彤
Original Assignee
烟台创为新能源科技股份有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN202211542447.2A external-priority patent/CN115988357A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202223229194.1U external-priority patent/CN219123311U/zh
Priority claimed from CN202223229169.3U external-priority patent/CN218929214U/zh
Priority claimed from CN202211542448.7A external-priority patent/CN115738151A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202223229182.9U external-priority patent/CN218923629U/zh
Application filed by 烟台创为新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 烟台创为新能源科技股份有限公司
Publication of WO2024113646A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024113646A1/zh

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of electric vehicle fire extinguishing, and in particular to an automatic fire extinguishing system for an electric vehicle parking space.
  • the Beijing Institute of Technology laboratory classified the vehicle fire status of new energy vehicles at the time, among which the proportion of fires in a stationary state was 38.5% and the proportion of fires in a charging state was 27.5%.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide an automatic fire extinguishing system for electric vehicle parking spaces.
  • the present invention proposes an automatic fire extinguishing system involving electric vehicle parking spaces.
  • the detection system monitors the internal power battery pack of the electric vehicle, and the fire extinguishing medium or inert gas is input into the electric vehicle in combination with the fire access system to achieve targeted prevention and control and targeted fire extinguishing, and then combined with the external thermal runaway isolation system to achieve fire extinguishing and isolation prevention and control outside the electric vehicle.
  • an automatic fire extinguishing system for an electric vehicle parking space comprising a thermal runaway isolation system, which isolates a single corresponding parking space, and also comprises a detection system, a medium system and a fire access system, wherein the detection system is installed inside a battery pack of the electric vehicle and performs fire monitoring inside the battery pack, one end of the fire access system extends into the interior of the electric vehicle body and is connected to the interior of the battery pack, and the other end of the fire access system extends out of the electric vehicle body and is connected to the medium system, and the medium system is arranged outside the electric vehicle parking space.
  • the fire access system includes a delivery pipeline and a quick-plug connector mechanism.
  • the quick-plug connector mechanism is arranged on the delivery pipeline.
  • the fire access system also includes a control unit, a one-way valve and a nozzle.
  • the nozzle is arranged inside the body of the electric vehicle, the nozzle is installed on one end of the delivery pipeline and is directly connected to the battery pack, the one-way valve is arranged close to the quick-connect connector mechanism, the one-way valve controls the one-way flow of the delivery pipeline, and the control unit controls the medium system to input the medium into the delivery pipeline.
  • the detection system includes a detector and a detection battery.
  • the detection battery for powering the detector is built into the detector, and the detector is electrically connected to the control unit.
  • the medium system includes a fire extinguishing medium device and an inert gas device, one end of the delivery pipeline is connected to the fire extinguishing medium device and the inert gas device respectively, and the control unit selects the fire extinguishing medium or the inert gas to be introduced into the delivery pipeline.
  • the detection system and the control unit are respectively equipped with wireless communication modules, and data transmission and control are realized between the detection system and the control unit through the wireless communication modules.
  • the control unit is integrated with a data concentrator, which is responsible for processing data and controlling on and off.
  • the quick-insert connector mechanism includes a quick connector A and a quick connector B, an installation cavity A is opened in the quick connector A, a first valve core is arranged in the installation cavity A, one end of the first valve core extends out of the installation cavity A, a first spring is mounted on the other end of the first valve core, the first valve core and the first spring are used to realize the opening and closing of the quick connector A, an installation cavity B is opened in the quick connector A, a second valve core is arranged in the installation cavity B, one end of the second valve core extends out of the installation cavity B, a second spring is mounted on the other end of the second valve core, the second valve core and the second spring are used to realize the opening and closing of the quick connector B, when the quick connector A is connected to the quick connector B, the quick connector A and the quick connector B are both in an open state, and the quick connector A is connected to the quick connector B.
  • connection cavity is provided on the end of the quick connector B away from the second spring.
  • a telescopic sleeve is provided on the circumferential outer side of the connecting cavity, and the telescopic sleeve is slidably connected to the circumferential outer side of the connecting cavity.
  • a reset spring is provided between the telescopic sleeve and the connecting cavity, and the reset spring helps the telescopic sleeve to slide and reset.
  • a through hole is opened on the side wall of the connecting cavity, and a ball is installed in the through hole. The through hole is arranged within the sliding stroke range of the telescopic sleeve.
  • the first valve core includes a first tip, a first sealing plate and a first guide column, the first sealing plate and the first guide column are arranged in the installation cavity A, the cross-sectional area of the first sealing plate is adapted to the cross-sectional area of the installation cavity A, one side of the first sealing plate is connected to the first tip, the other side of the first sealing plate is connected to the first guide column, the first tip extends out of the installation cavity A, and the first spring is mounted on the first guide column;
  • the second valve core includes a second tip, a second sealing plate and a second guide column, the second spring is mounted on the second guide column, the second sealing plate and the second guide column are arranged in the installation cavity B, the cross-sectional area of the second sealing plate is adapted to the cross-sectional area of the installation cavity B, one side of the second sealing plate is connected to the second tip, the other side of the second sealing plate is connected to the second guide column, the second tip extends out of the installation cavity B, the first tip and the second tip are used in combination
  • the delivery pipeline includes an in-vehicle pipeline and an external pipeline.
  • the in-vehicle pipeline is arranged inside the electric vehicle body and is responsible for the connection between the battery pack and the quick-plug connector mechanism.
  • the external pipeline is arranged outside the electric vehicle body and is responsible for the connection between the quick-plug connector mechanism and the medium system.
  • the thermal runaway isolation system includes a fire-fighting pipeline and a plurality of sprinkler heads.
  • the fire-fighting pipeline is arranged on the top of a single parking space, and the plurality of sprinkler heads are evenly distributed on the fire-fighting pipeline.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are: monitoring the internal power battery pack of the electric vehicle through the detection system, realizing the input of the fire extinguishing medium or inert gas into the electric vehicle in combination with the fire access system, realizing targeted prevention and control and targeted fire extinguishing, and then combining with the external thermal runaway isolation system to realize fire extinguishing and isolation prevention and control outside the electric vehicle.
  • the external medium system and the internal battery pack are quickly and detachably connected through the quick-plug connector mechanism in the fire access system, thereby enabling thermal runaway prevention and control of the electric vehicle when parked and the first-time internal targeted fire extinguishing when a fire occurs.
  • the wireless data transmission and control between the detection system and the control unit reduces the cost investment of the wiring harness connection, the connection workload, the manual connection error rate, and simplifies the on-site environment compared to wired connections; it effectively avoids a series of problems such as cable aging in wired connections.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a quick connector A.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a quick connector B.
  • an automatic fire extinguishing system for an electric vehicle parking space includes a thermal runaway isolation system, which isolates a single corresponding parking space, and also includes a detection system, a medium system and a fire access system, wherein the detection system is installed inside the battery pack 1 of the electric vehicle and monitors the fire inside the battery pack 1, one end of the fire access system extends into the body of the electric vehicle and is connected to the battery pack 1, and the other end of the fire access system extends out of the body of the electric vehicle and is connected to the medium system, and the medium system is arranged outside the parking space of the electric vehicle; the fire access system includes a delivery pipeline and a quick-connection connector mechanism, and the quick-connection connector mechanism is arranged on the delivery pipeline, and the battery pack 1 of the electric vehicle and the medium system are quickly connected when there is a parking space, and the battery pack 1 of the electric vehicle and the medium system are quickly disconnected when the parking space is to be left.
  • Electric vehicles are particularly environmentally friendly and do not consume gasoline. In recent years, they have entered the shopping list of consumers under the strong support and promotion of the government. Electric vehicles need to be charged to obtain power. When the battery pack 1 is parked and charged, it is often more likely to have thermal runaway and then fire due to the high temperature generated by charging and discharging, especially when the outside air temperature is also high. The outer shell of the battery pack 1 itself has sealing requirements, so it is difficult to achieve targeted fire extinguishing inside the battery pack 1 in an actual electric vehicle. This is why the fire prevention technology of technicians in this field has remained at external spraying and parking isolation in the past two years.
  • the present invention innovatively proposes the technology of targeted monitoring of the battery pack 1 inside the electric vehicle, targeted prevention and control of thermal runaway, and targeted fire extinguishing medium, so as to truly achieve effective fire extinguishing of internal fire and internal fire extinguishing.
  • the fire access system also includes a control unit 23, a one-way valve 22 and a nozzle 2.
  • the nozzle 2 is arranged inside the body of the electric vehicle.
  • the nozzle 2 is installed on one end of the delivery pipeline and is directly connected to the battery pack 1.
  • the one-way valve 22 is arranged near the quick-connect connector mechanism.
  • the one-way valve 22 controls the one-way flow of the delivery pipeline.
  • the control unit 23 controls the input of the medium into the delivery pipeline by the medium system.
  • the control unit 23 supplies the fire extinguishing medium or inert gas to the delivery pipeline by controlling the start and stop of the fire extinguishing medium device 7 or the inert gas device 19.
  • the fire access system provides targeted prevention and control of the battery pack 1 inside the electric vehicle and the possibility of targeted fire extinguishing.
  • the one-way valve 22 can ensure that the delivery pipeline only enters but does not exit, and only inputs into the battery pack 1, which can also be regarded as a contribution to the sealing of the battery pack 1 shell.
  • the nozzle 2 is sealed and connected to the battery pack 1 shell.
  • the quick-plug connector mechanism When the quick-plug connector mechanism is connected, the in-vehicle pipeline 3 and the external pipeline 6 (located outside the body of the electric vehicle) of the electric vehicle are connected. At this time, the fire extinguishing medium or inert gas in the medium system can enter the shell of the battery pack 1 through the external pipeline 6--quick-plug connector mechanism--one-way valve 22--in-vehicle pipeline 3--nozzle 2.
  • the detection system includes a detector and a detection battery.
  • the detection battery for powering the detector is built into the detector, and the detector is electrically connected to the control unit 23.
  • the detection system is powered by its own battery and can continuously monitor the inside of the battery pack 1.
  • the detection factors of the detector include monitoring CO, VOC, H 2 , pressure, temperature, etc., and comprehensively judge whether the battery pack 1 inside the electric vehicle has a risk of thermal runaway or has already experienced thermal runaway, and upload the judgment signal to the control unit 23 for action (the control unit 23 controls the introduction of fire extinguishing medium or inert gas according to the situation).
  • the medium system includes a fire extinguishing medium device 7 and an inert gas device 19.
  • One end of the delivery pipeline is connected to the fire extinguishing medium device 7 and the inert gas device 19 respectively, and the fire extinguishing medium or the inert gas is selected to be connected to the delivery pipeline through the control unit 23.
  • the fire extinguishing medium device 7 can be an external fire water tank or a CO2 tank or a perfluorohexanone tank, etc. Of course, the external fire water can also be a water interface in the fire water system.
  • the fire extinguishing medium device 7 and the inert gas device 19 are connected in parallel, and one of them is selected to be introduced into the delivery pipeline through the control unit 23.
  • the inert gas device 19 includes an N2 bottle and a pump group, and the pump group provides power for the N2 in the N2 bottle. During parking charging, the introduction of N2 can effectively prevent thermal runaway of the battery pack 1.
  • the quick-insert connector mechanism includes a quick connector A4 and a quick connector B5.
  • An installation cavity A20 is provided in the quick connector A4.
  • a first valve core is provided in the installation cavity A20. One end of the first valve core extends out of the installation cavity A20.
  • a first spring 11 is mounted on the other end of the first valve core. The first valve core and the first spring 11 are used to realize the opening and closing of the quick connector A4.
  • An installation cavity B21 is provided in the quick connector A4.
  • a second valve core is provided in the installation cavity B21. One end of the second valve core extends out of the installation cavity B21.
  • a second spring 15 is mounted on the other end of the second valve core. The second valve core and the second spring 15 are used to realize the opening and closing of the quick connector B5.
  • the quick connector A4 When the quick connector A4 is connected to the quick connector B5, the quick connector A4 and the quick connector B5 are both in an open state, and the quick connector A4 is connected to the quick connector B5.
  • the quick connector A4 is arranged on the body of the electric vehicle and is connected to the pipeline 3 in the vehicle.
  • the quick connector B5 is arranged on the external pipeline. When the vehicle is parked, the quick connector A4 is connected to the quick connector B5 to connect the external pipeline with the pipeline 3 in the vehicle. When the vehicle needs to leave after parking, the quick connector B5 is unplugged, and the quick connector A4 moves with the electric vehicle.
  • a connection cavity is provided on the end of the quick connector B5 away from the second spring 15.
  • a telescopic sleeve 16 is sleeved on the circumferential outer side of the connecting cavity, and the telescopic sleeve 16 is slidably connected to the circumferential outer side of the connecting cavity.
  • a reset spring 17 is provided between the telescopic sleeve 16 and the connecting cavity, and the reset spring 17 helps the telescopic sleeve 16 to slide and reset.
  • a through hole is opened on the side wall of the connecting cavity, and a ball 18 is installed in the through hole. The through hole is arranged within the sliding stroke range of the telescopic sleeve 16. When the telescopic sleeve 16 slides and compresses the reset spring 17, the ball 18 can be exposed. When the telescopic sleeve 16 slides and resets, the ball 18 can be covered.
  • the first valve core includes a first tip 8, a first sealing plate 9 and a first guide column 10.
  • the first sealing plate 9 and the first guide column 10 are arranged in the installation cavity A20.
  • the cross-sectional area of the first sealing plate 9 is adapted to the cross-sectional area of the installation cavity A20.
  • One side of the first sealing plate 9 is connected to the first tip 8, and the other side of the first sealing plate 9 is connected to the first guide column 10.
  • the first tip 8 extends out of the installation cavity A20, and a first spring 11 is mounted on the first guide column 10.
  • the second valve core includes a second tip 12, a second sealing plate 13 and a second guide column 14.
  • a second spring 15 is mounted on the second guide column 14, the second sealing plate 13 and the second guide column 14 are arranged in the installation cavity B21, the cross-sectional area of the second sealing plate 13 is adapted to the cross-sectional area of the installation cavity B21, one side of the second sealing plate 13 is connected to the second tip 12, the other side of the second sealing plate 13 is connected to the second guide column 14, the second tip 12 extends out of the installation cavity B21, the first tip 8 and the second tip 12 are used together, the first tip 8 is telescoped in the installation cavity A20, and the second tip 12 is telescoped in the installation cavity B21.
  • the quick connector A4 is inserted into the connection cavity of the quick connector B5, and the sliding telescopic sleeve 16 exposes the ball 18.
  • the quick connector A4 continues to be inserted, and the outer circumference of the quick connector A4 pushes the ball 18 outward, and the sliding telescopic sleeve 16 presses the ball 18 in the opposite direction, thereby realizing the plug-in locking of the quick connector A4 and the quick connector B5.
  • the first tip 8 and the second tip 12 are in contact and press against each other.
  • the first tip 8 is forced to compress the first spring 11 in the opposite direction
  • the second tip 12 is forced to compress the second spring 15 in the opposite direction.
  • the first tip 8 and the second tip 12 are both variable diameter ends, so when they press against each other, a gap will be exposed between the installation cavity A20 and the first tip 8, and a gap will be exposed between the installation cavity B21 and the second tip 12.
  • the two gaps directly open up the flow channel between the installation cavity A20 and the installation cavity B21.
  • the first sealing plate 9 closes the outlet of the installation cavity A20
  • the second sealing plate 13 closes the outlet of the installation cavity B21.
  • the delivery pipeline includes an in-vehicle pipeline 3 and an external pipeline 6.
  • the in-vehicle pipeline 3 is arranged inside the electric vehicle body and is responsible for the connection between the battery pack 1 and the quick-connect connector mechanism.
  • the external pipeline 6 is arranged outside the electric vehicle body and is responsible for the connection between the quick-connect connector mechanism and the medium system.
  • the thermal runaway isolation system includes a fire-fighting pipeline and a plurality of sprinkler heads, wherein the fire-fighting pipeline is arranged on the top of a single parking space, and the plurality of sprinkler heads are evenly distributed on the fire-fighting pipeline.
  • the thermal runaway isolation system can use the existing technology.
  • the detection system and the control unit are respectively built with wireless communication modules, and the detection system and the control unit realize data transmission and control through the wireless communication module.
  • the control unit is integrated with a data concentrator, which is responsible for processing data and controlling on and off.
  • the wireless communication module has a wireless transceiver function, and establishes a connection through an internal protocol and an internal self-organizing network to realize data interaction and complete the function of thermal runaway detection and control.
  • the detector in the detection system sends the detected data through the wireless communication module, and the control unit receives the data transmitted from the detector through the wireless communication module.
  • the data concentrator processes the data transmitted by the detector and selectively controls N2 or the fire extinguishing medium to pass into the battery pack according to the data processing result.
  • a wireless transceiver hardware circuit is set in the detector, and a wireless transceiver hardware circuit is set in the control unit.
  • the detector and the control unit use a wireless network for data communication.
  • an ultra-low power consumption 802.15.4 system chip is used as the main chip, and a 6LowPan protocol stack is used. Under the premise of meeting low power consumption, the wireless connection provided has stronger penetration ability and a longer transmission distance.
  • the 802.15.4 SoC wireless standard provides low-power, low-data-rate PHY in multiple unlicensed frequency bands.
  • the 802.15.4 SoC wireless standard defines a MAC layer based on reliability and confirmed packets, with optional encryption and authentication functions.
  • the 6LowPan protocol stack has an 802.15.4 2.4GHz PHY and a link layer based on 802.15.4, adding synchronization, channel frequency modulation, priority, and time-based authentication to the MAC layer of the wireless standard in the 802.15.4 SoC.
  • the 6LowPan protocol stack has a network layer that provides path and end-to-end security and an unreliable/reliable mesh transport layer.
  • the 6LowPan protocol stack specifies time slot timing, methods for devices to maintain synchronization, and time slot channel frequency modulation characteristics.
  • the 802.15.4 SoC wireless standard is used to solve the current wireless communication technology barriers.
  • the role of the 6LowPan protocol is to achieve seamless integration of wireless communications and wired devices.
  • the wireless network built based on the protocol is a highly reliable network.
  • the detector is responsible for collecting and reporting current environmental status information and notifying it to a control unit called a network manager.
  • the wireless transceiver hardware circuit is a wireless communication module, including a wireless integrated chip, a power chip, a hardware encryption chip and an antenna.
  • the wireless transceiver hardware circuit is a connecting bridge between the wireless network and the detection control system.
  • the wireless transceiver hardware circuit is responsible for running the access point radio function and the network management algorithm to ensure the reliability of network performance.
  • the wireless network uses time synchronization to enable channel frequency modulation and adjust the duty cycle of radio communication.
  • the hardware encryption chip ensures that the entire communication will not be cracked by outsiders, and the power chip is used to power the wireless transceiver hardware circuit. If a wireless node is suddenly shut down (failed), the neighbor of that wireless node will report a path warning after a period of time.
  • the path warning will cause the network manager to try to communicate with the wireless node again. After a period of communication failure, the network manager will abandon the failed wireless node and re-match the new wireless node path.
  • the main chip's powerful key and key management, whitelist settings, password quality random number generation, message integrity check, and hardware encryption chips can encrypt all transmitted data, greatly improving the security of the system.

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Abstract

一种电动汽车车位的自动灭火***，包括热失控隔离***、探测***、介质***和消防接入***，探测***安装在电动汽车的电池包（1）内部并对电池包内部进行火灾监测，消防接入***的一端伸入电动汽车车身内部并与电池包内部接通，消防接入***的另一端延伸出电动汽车车身并与介质***连通，介质***设置在电动汽车车位之外；消防接入***包括输送管路和快插接头机构，在输送管路上设置快插接头机构，通过快插接头机构的通断实现车位上有驻车时，快速接通电动汽车的电池包与介质***，车位上驻车要离开时，快速切断电动汽车的电池包与介质***。该自动灭火***可以解决背景中技术现状所存在的"事后灭火"。

Description

一种电动汽车车位的自动灭火*** 技术领域
本发明涉及电动汽车灭火技术领域，具体涉及一种电动汽车车位的自动灭火***。
 背景技术
随着新能源汽车行业的快速发展，公众对锂离子电池的安全要求越来越高，目前锂离子电池随着新能源汽车的销量的增加，产生的异常越来越多，电动车在使用过程中存在的自燃状况也呈逐年增加状态，引起了大众越来越多的质疑，截至2021年全国新能源汽车保有量784万辆，仅2021年全国范围内共发生约3000起新能源汽车火灾事故；国家应急管理部消防救援局在2022年4月3日给出的最新数据，2022年一季度，新能源汽车火灾共有640起，同比上升32%，相当于平均每天就有7辆新能源汽车发生燃烧事故。
2021年7月北京理工大学的汽车电动化学术交流论坛上，北京理工大学实验室对当时的新能源汽车起火车辆状态进行了分类，其中静止状态起火的比例为38.5%，充电状态起火的比例为27.5%。
所以如何保障电池箱的安全是未来新能源产业能否健康顺利推广的关键，停车自燃的安全事故成直线上升，在驻车停放时，又缺少防护手段，尤其是在驻车充电过程中风险成几何倍的增加，再加上在某些特定的环境下，比如地下停车场，小范围停车场或者充电场所，消防资源无法得到顺利的调配和释放，公共安全以及财产安全存在巨大隐患。
虽然近两年也有少数的停车场在车位的消防上，开始使用消防水喷淋来灭火，如CN 216092001 U一种新能源汽车停车位灭火装置，CN 216169473 U一种地下停车位消防隔离***，CN 113289283 A一种停车库车位防火灭火装置与方法，CN 114432616 A汽车停车位火灾探测和阻隔***及方法等等，但是这种外部的喷淋对于电动汽车的灭火基本就是隔靴搔痒，起不到真正的作用。电动汽车的起火，与内部的动力电池充放电有很大的关系，因其电动汽车的车身材质限制，外部的喷淋根本就解决不了内部电池的火灾，由此一旦起火，基本就是整车燃烧后才开始外部灭火。
 发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的不足，提供一种电动汽车车位的自动灭火***，为解决背景中技术现状所存在的“事后灭火”，本发明提出一种涉及电动车车位的自动灭火***，通过探测***对电动汽车内部动力电池包进行监测，结合消防接入***实现对电动汽车内部的灭火介质或惰性气体输入，实现靶向防控和靶向灭火，和再结合外部的热失控隔离***，实现对电动汽车外部的灭火和隔离防控。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术措施达到的：一种电动汽车车位的自动灭火***，包括热失控隔离***，所述热失控隔离***对单个对应的车位进行隔离，还包括探测***、介质***和消防接入***，所述探测***安装在电动汽车的电池包内部并对电池包内部进行火灾监测，消防接入***的一端伸入电动汽车车身内部并与电池包内部接通，消防接入***的另一端延伸出电动汽车车身并与介质***连通，介质***设置在电动汽车车位之外。
进一步地，消防接入***包括输送管路和快插接头机构，在输送管路上设置快插接头机构，通过快插接头机构的通断实现车位上有驻车时，快速接通电动汽车的电池包与介质***，车位上驻车要离开时，快速切断电动汽车的电池包与介质***。
进一步地，所述消防接入***还包括控制单元、单通阀和喷头，所述喷头设置在电动汽车车身内部，所述喷头安装在输送管路的一端上并与电池包直接接通，所述单通阀靠近快插接头机构设置，单通阀控制输送管路的单向流通，控制单元控制介质***向输送管路内的介质输入。
进一步地，所述探测***包括探测器和探测电池，为探测器供电的探测电池内置于探测器，探测器与控制单元电性连接。
进一步地，所述介质***包括灭火介质装置和惰性气体装置，输送管路的一端分别与灭火介质装置和惰性气体装置连通，通过控制单元选择灭火介质或惰性气体通入输送管路。
进一步地，所述探测***与控制单元中分别内置有无线通信模块，探测***与控制单元之间通过无线通信模块实现数据传输和控制，控制单元中集成有数据集中器，数据集中器负责处理数据和控制通断。
进一步地，所述快插接头机构包括快速接头A和快速接头B，在快速接头A内开设有安装腔A，在安装腔A内设有第一阀芯，第一阀芯的一端延伸出安装腔A外，在第一阀芯的另一端上套装有第一弹簧，所述第一阀芯与第一弹簧用于实现快速接头A的开启与闭合，在快速接头A内开设有安装腔B，在安装腔B内设有第二阀芯，第二阀芯的的一端延伸出安装腔B外，在第二阀芯的另一端上套装有第二弹簧，所述第二阀芯与第二弹簧用于实现快速接头B的开启与闭合，当快速接头A与快速接头B连接时，所述快速接头A和快速接头B均处于开启状态，快速接头A与快速接头B连通。
进一步地，在所述快速接头B远离第二弹簧的一端上设有连接腔，当快速接头B和快速接头A连接时，所述快速接头A远离第一弹簧的一端***连接腔内。
进一步地，在所述连接腔的圆周外侧套设有伸缩套，伸缩套与连接腔的圆周外侧滑动连接，在伸缩套与连接腔之间设有复位弹簧，复位弹簧帮助伸缩套滑动复位，在连接腔的侧壁上开设有通孔，在通孔内安装滚珠，所述通孔设在伸缩套的滑动行程范围内，当伸缩套滑动压缩复位弹簧时，能露出滚珠，当伸缩套滑动复位时，能覆盖住滚珠。
进一步地，所述第一阀芯包括第一尖端、第一密封板和第一导柱，第一密封板和第一导柱设置在安装腔A中，第一密封板的横截面积与安装腔A的横截面积适配，第一密封板的一侧与第一尖端连接，第一密封板的另一侧与第一导柱连接，第一尖端延伸出安装腔A，在第一导柱上套装第一弹簧；所述第二阀芯包括第二尖端、第二密封板和第二导柱，在第二导柱上套装第二弹簧，第二密封板和第二导柱设置在安装腔B中，第二密封板的横截面积与安装腔B的横截面积适配，第二密封板的一侧与第二尖端连接，第二密封板的另一侧与第二导柱连接，第二尖端延伸出安装腔B,第一尖端和第二尖端配合使用，第一尖端在安装腔A中伸缩，第二尖端在安装腔B中伸缩。
进一步地，所述输送管路包括车内管路和外部管路，所述车内管路设置在电动汽车车身内部，并负责电池包与快插接头机构的连通，所述外部管路设置在电动汽车车身外部，并负责快插接头机构与介质***的连通。
进一步地，所述热失控隔离***包括消防管线和多个喷淋头，所述消防管线设置在单个车位的顶部，多个喷淋头均布在消防管线上。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：通过探测***对电动汽车内部动力电池包进行监测，结合消防接入***实现对电动汽车内部的灭火介质或惰性气体输入，实现靶向防控和靶向灭火，和再结合外部的热失控隔离***，实现对电动汽车外部的灭火和隔离防控。通过消防接入***中的快插接头机构实现外部介质***与内部电池包的快速可拆卸式接通，由此开启电动汽车在驻车时的热失控防控和发生火灾时的第一时间内部靶向灭火。探测***与控制单元之间的无线数据传输和控制，相对于有线连接减少了线束连接的成本投入、连接工作量、人工连接失误率、简洁了现场环境；有效避免有线连接出现线缆老化的一系列问题。
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作详细说明。
 附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图。
图2是快速接头A的结构示意图。
图3是快速接头B的结构示意图。
其中，1、电池包，2、喷头，3、车内管路，4、快速接头A，5、快速接头B，6、外部管路，7、灭火介质装置，8、第一尖端，9、第一密封板，10、第一导柱，11、第一弹簧，12、第二尖端，13、第二密封板，14、第二导柱，15、第二弹簧，16、伸缩套，17、复位弹簧，18、滚珠，19、惰性气体装置，20、安装腔A，21、安装腔B，22、单通阀，23、控制单元。
 实施方式
如图1至3所示，一种电动汽车车位的自动灭火***，包括热失控隔离***，所述热失控隔离***对单个对应的车位进行隔离，还包括探测***、介质***和消防接入***，所述探测***安装在电动汽车的电池包1内部并对电池包1内部进行火灾监测，消防接入***的一端伸入电动汽车车身内部并与电池包1内部接通，消防接入***的另一端延伸出电动汽车车身并与介质***连通，介质***设置在电动汽车车位之外；消防接入***包括输送管路和快插接头机构，在输送管路上设置快插接头机构，通过快插接头机构的通断实现车位上有驻车时，快速接通电动汽车的电池包1与介质***，车位上驻车要离开时，快速切断电动汽车的电池包1与介质***。电动汽车尤其不消耗汽油的环保特性，近几年在政府的大力扶持和推广下进入了消费者的购物名单中，电动汽车需要充电才能获得动力，电池包1在驻车充电时，往往会因为充放电的所产生的高温尤其是在外界空气温度也很高时，更容易发生热失控，进而火灾。电池包1的本身外部壳体是有密封要求的，所以很难在实际的电动汽车上做到电池包1内部的靶向灭火，这也就是为什么近两年本领域技术人员的防火技术都停留在外部喷淋，车位隔绝上。本发明在延续外部喷淋，车位隔绝的技术以外，创新的提出了向电动汽车内部电池包1靶向监测，靶向防控热失控，靶向通灭火介质灭火的技术，真正做到内部起火，内部灭火的有效灭火。
所述消防接入***还包括控制单元23、单通阀22和喷头2，所述喷头2设置在电动汽车车身内部，所述喷头2安装在输送管路的一端上并与电池包1直接接通，所述单通阀22靠近快插接头机构设置，单通阀22控制输送管路的单向流通，控制单元23控制介质***向输送管路内的介质输入。控制单元23通过控制灭火介质装置7或惰性气体装置19的启停实现向输送管路中供给灭火介质或惰性气体。消防接入***为电动汽车内部电池包1的靶向防控，为靶向灭火提供了可能。单通阀22可以保证输送管路只进不出，只向电池包1内输入，也算是为电池包1壳体的密封做贡献。喷头2与电池包1壳体密封连接，当快插接头机构接通后，电动汽车的车内管路3和外部管路6（位于电动汽车的车身外）接通，此时介质***中的灭火介质或惰性气体可以由外部管路6--快插接头机构--单通阀22--车内管路3--喷头2进入电池包1的壳体内部。
所述探测***包括探测器和探测电池，为探测器供电的探测电池内置于探测器，探测器与控制单元23电性连接。探测***采用自身电池供电，可以不间断的对电池包1内部进行监测，探测器的探测因素包括CO、VOC、H 2、压力、温度等进行监测，综合判断电动汽车内部电池包1是否有热失控风险或已经发生热失控，并将判定信号上传至控制单元23进行动作（控制单元23根据情况控制灭火介质或惰性气体通入）。
所述介质***包括灭火介质装置7和惰性气体装置19，输送管路的一端分别与灭火介质装置7和惰性气体装置19连通，通过控制单元23选择灭火介质或惰性气体接入输送管路。灭火介质装置7可以是外部消防水罐或CO 2罐体或全氟己酮罐体等，当然外部消防水也可以是消防水***中的一个水接口。灭火介质装置7和惰性气体装置19并联，通过控制单元23任选其一通入输送管路中。惰性气体装置19包括N 2瓶和泵组，泵组为N 2瓶中的N 2 提供动力。在驻车充电中，N 2 的通入可以有效防止电池包1的热失控。
所述快插接头机构包括快速接头A4和快速接头B5，在快速接头A4内开设有安装腔A20，在安装腔A20内设有第一阀芯，第一阀芯的一端延伸出安装腔A20外，在第一阀芯的另一端上套装有第一弹簧11，所述第一阀芯与第一弹簧11用于实现快速接头A4的开启与闭合，在快速接头A4内开设有安装腔B21，在安装腔B21内设有第二阀芯，第二阀芯的的一端延伸出安装腔B21外，在第二阀芯的另一端上套装有第二弹簧15，所述第二阀芯与第二弹簧15用于实现快速接头B5的开启与闭合，当快速接头A4与快速接头B5连接时，所述快速接头A4和快速接头B5均处于开启状态，快速接头A4与快速接头B5连通。快速接头A4设置在电动汽车的车身上并与车内管路3连通，快速接头B5设在外部管线上，驻车时，快速接头A4与快速接头B5对接，实现外部管线与车内管路3连通。驻车需要离开时，拔掉快速接头B5，快速接头A4随电动汽车一起移动。
在所述快速接头B5远离第二弹簧15的一端上设有连接腔，当快速接头B5和快速接头A4连接时，所述快速接头A4远离第一弹簧11的一端***连接腔内。
在所述连接腔的圆周外侧套设有伸缩套16，伸缩套16与连接腔的圆周外侧滑动连接，在伸缩套16与连接腔之间设有复位弹簧17，复位弹簧17帮助伸缩套16滑动复位，在连接腔的侧壁上开设有通孔，在通孔内安装滚珠18，所述通孔设在伸缩套16的滑动行程范围内，当伸缩套16滑动压缩复位弹簧17时，能露出滚珠18，当伸缩套16滑动复位时，能覆盖住滚珠18。
所述第一阀芯包括第一尖端8、第一密封板9和第一导柱10，第一密封板9和第一导柱10设置在安装腔A20中，第一密封板9的横截面积与安装腔A20的横截面积适配，第一密封板9的一侧与第一尖端8连接，第一密封板9的另一侧与第一导柱10连接，第一尖端8延伸出安装腔A20，在第一导柱10上套装第一弹簧11；所述第二阀芯包括第二尖端12、第二密封板13和第二导柱14，在第二导柱14上套装第二弹簧15，第二密封板13和第二导柱14设置在安装腔B21中，第二密封板13的横截面积与安装腔B21的横截面积适配，第二密封板13的一侧与第二尖端12连接，第二密封板13的另一侧与第二导柱14连接，第二尖端12延伸出安装腔B21,第一尖端8和第二尖端12配合使用，第一尖端8在安装腔A20中伸缩，第二尖端12在安装腔B21中伸缩。
快速接头A4***快速接头B5的连接腔，滑动伸缩套16露出滚珠18，快速接头A4继续***，快速接头A4的外圆周将滚珠18向外顶出，反向滑动伸缩套16压住滚珠18，由此实现快速接头A4和快速接头B5的插接锁住。在内部，第一尖端8和第二尖端12相接触，并彼此顶住对方。在安装腔A20中，第一尖端8受力反向压缩第一弹簧11；在安装腔B21中，第二尖端12受力反向压缩第二弹簧15。第一尖端8和第二尖端12均为变直径端，故在相互顶住的时刻，就会在安装腔A20与第一尖端8之间露出间隙，在安装腔B21与第二尖端12之间露出间隙，两个间隙就直接打通了安装腔A20和安装腔B21之间的流通通道。正常情况下，第一密封板9封闭安装腔A20的出口，第二密封板13封闭安装腔B21的出口。
所述输送管路包括车内管路3和外部管路6，所述车内管路3设置在电动汽车车身内部，并负责电池包1与快插接头机构的连通，所述外部管路6设置在电动汽车车身外部，并负责快插接头机构与介质***的连通。
所述热失控隔离***包括消防管线和多个喷淋头，所述消防管线设置在单个车位的顶部，多个喷淋头均布在消防管线上。热失控隔离***沿用现有技术即可。
所述探测***与控制单元中分别内置有无线通信模块，探测***与控制单元之间通过无线通信模块实现数据传输和控制，控制单元中集成有数据集中器，数据集中器负责处理数据和控制通断。具体的，无线通信模块具有无线收发功能，通过内部协议与内部自组网方式，建立连接，实现数据交互，完成热失控探测与控制的功能。探测***中的探测器通过无线通信模块将探测到的数据发送出来，控制单元通过无线通信模块接收来自探测器传输的数据。数据集中器将探测器传来的数据进行处理，根据数据处理结果选择性的控制N2或者是灭火介质通入电池包。具体的，在探测器中设置有无线收发硬件电路，在控制单元中设置有无线收发硬件电路，探测器与控制单元采用无线网络进行数据通信，在无线网络中采用超低功耗的802.15.4***芯片作为主芯片，并采用6LowPan协议栈，在满足低功耗的前提下，提供的无线连接具有更强的穿透能力和更远的传输距离。802.15.4***芯片的无线标准在多个无需申请许可的频段中提供低功耗、低数据速率PHY，802.15.4***芯片的无线标准定义了一个基于可靠性和经确认数据包的MAC层，具有任选的加密和验证功能，6LowPan协议栈具有一个802.15.4 2.4GHz PHY和一个基于802.15.4的链路层，为802.15.4***芯片中无线标准的MAC层增添了同步、通道调频、优先级和基于时间的验证；6LowPan协议栈具有一个提供了路径和端到端安全性的网路层及一个不可靠/可靠网格传输层；在6LowPan协议栈中规定了时隙定时、设备保持同步的方法以及时隙式通道调频特性。通过802.15.4***芯片的无线标准来解决当前的无线通信技术壁垒。6LowPan协议的作用在于实现无线通讯与有线设备的无缝集成。基于所述协议搭建的无线网络是高度可靠的网络，即使在设备间隔数十至数百米的情况下，每部设备都拥有多个其可发送数据的相邻设备，从而提供了实现高可靠性所需的线路分级。当前新能源汽车环境导致无线通讯存在不可靠性，许多情况会导致阻止一个已发送的数据包到达接收器。假如两个独立的发送器在同一个通道传送数据，它们就有可能在接收器的无线电路中损坏彼此的信号，这就要求发送器进行重发，代价就是时间和能源消耗的增加。本申请中的无线通讯技术能很好的解决目前无线通讯的低可靠性问题。探测器负责采集报告当前环境状态信息，并通报至被成为网络管理器的控制单元。更进一步的，所述无线收发硬件电路即无线通信模块，包括无线集成芯片、电源芯片、硬件加密芯片及天线，无线收发硬件电路是无线网络与探测控制***之间的连接桥梁，无线收发硬件电路负责运行接入点无线电功能及网络管理算法，以保证网络性能的可靠性，所述无线网络采用时间同步以启用通道调频和调整无线电通讯的占空比。所述硬件加密芯片保证整个通讯不会被外人破解，电源芯片用于无线收发硬件电路中的供电。如果当一个无线节点突然关闭（故障），那个无线节点的邻居会在一段时间后上报路径警告，路径警告会使网络管理器尝试重新与无线节点进行通信，一段时间通讯失败后，网络管理器会放弃故障的无线节点，重新匹配新的无线节点路径。主芯片强大的密钥及密钥管理、白名单设置、密码质量随机数生成、消息完整性检查，配合硬件加密芯片等方式，加密所有传输的数据，极大提高***的安全性。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”、“中”、“外”、“内”等指示方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的组件或元件必须具有特定的方位，以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。不应将权利要求中的任何附图标记视为限制所涉及的权利要求。
此外，应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种电动汽车车位的自动灭火***，包括热失控隔离***，所述热失控隔离***对单个对应的车位进行隔离，其特征在于：还包括探测***、介质***和消防接入***，所述探测***安装在电动汽车的电池包内部并对电池包内部进行火灾监测，消防接入***的一端伸入电动汽车车身内部并与电池包内部接通，消防接入***的另一端延伸出电动汽车车身并与介质***连通，介质***设置在电动汽车车位之外。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电动汽车车位的自动灭火***，其特征在于：所述消防接入***包括输送管路和快插接头机构，在输送管路上设置快插接头机构，通过快插接头机构的通断实现车位上有驻车时，快速接通电动汽车的电池包与介质***，车位上驻车要离开时，快速切断电动汽车的电池包与介质***。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电动汽车车位的自动灭火***，其特征在于：所述消防接入***还包括控制单元、单通阀和喷头，所述喷头设置在电动汽车车身内部，所述喷头安装在输送管路的一端上并与电池包直接接通，所述单通阀靠近快插接头机构设置，单通阀控制输送管路的单向流通，控制单元控制介质***向输送管路内的介质输入。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电动汽车车位的自动灭火***，其特征在于：所述探测***包括探测器和探测电池，为探测器供电的探测电池内置于探测器，探测器与控制单元电性连接。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的电动汽车车位的自动灭火***，其特征在于：所述介质***包括灭火介质装置和惰性气体装置，输送管路的一端分别与灭火介质装置和惰性气体装置连通，通过控制单元选择灭火介质或惰性气体通入输送管路。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的电动汽车车位的自动灭火***，其特征在于：所述探测***与控制单元中分别内置有无线通信模块，探测***与控制单元之间通过无线通信模块实现数据传输和控制，控制单元中集成有数据集中器，数据集中器负责处理数据和控制通断。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的电动汽车车位的自动灭火***，其特征在于：所述快插接头机构包括快速接头A和快速接头B，在快速接头A内开设有安装腔A，在安装腔A内设有第一阀芯，第一阀芯的一端延伸出安装腔A外，在第一阀芯的另一端上套装有第一弹簧，所述第一阀芯与第一弹簧用于实现快速接头A的开启与闭合，在快速接头A内开设有安装腔B，在安装腔B内设有第二阀芯，第二阀芯的的一端延伸出安装腔B外，在第二阀芯的另一端上套装有第二弹簧，所述第二阀芯与第二弹簧用于实现快速接头B的开启与闭合，当快速接头A与快速接头B连接时，所述快速接头A和快速接头B均处于开启状态，快速接头A与快速接头B连通。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电动汽车车位的自动灭火***，其特征在于：在所述快速接头B远离第二弹簧的一端上设有连接腔，当快速接头B和快速接头A连接时，所述快速接头A远离第一弹簧的一端***连接腔内。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电动汽车车位的自动灭火***，其特征在于：在所述连接腔的圆周外侧套设有伸缩套，伸缩套与连接腔的圆周外侧滑动连接，在伸缩套与连接腔之间设有复位弹簧，复位弹簧帮助伸缩套滑动复位，在连接腔的侧壁上开设有通孔，在通孔内安装滚珠，所述通孔设在伸缩套的滑动行程范围内，当伸缩套滑动压缩复位弹簧时，能露出滚珠，当伸缩套滑动复位时，能覆盖住滚珠。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的电动汽车车位的自动灭火***，其特征在于：所述第一阀芯包括第一尖端、第一密封板和第一导柱，第一密封板和第一导柱设置在安装腔A中，第一密封板的横截面积与安装腔A的横截面积适配，第一密封板的一侧与第一尖端连接，第一密封板的另一侧与第一导柱连接，第一尖端延伸出安装腔A，在第一导柱上套装第一弹簧；所述第二阀芯包括第二尖端、第二密封板和第二导柱，在第二导柱上套装第二弹簧，第二密封板和第二导柱设置在安装腔B中，第二密封板的横截面积与安装腔B的横截面积适配，第二密封板的一侧与第二尖端连接，第二密封板的另一侧与第二导柱连接，第二尖端延伸出安装腔B,第一尖端和第二尖端配合使用，第一尖端在安装腔A中伸缩，第二尖端在安装腔B中伸缩。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的电动汽车车位的自动灭火***，其特征在于：所述输送管路包括车内管路和外部管路，所述车内管路设置在电动汽车车身内部，并负责电池包与快插接头机构的连通，所述外部管路设置在电动汽车车身外部，并负责快插接头机构与介质***的连通。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的电动汽车车位的自动灭火***，其特征在于：所述热失控隔离***包括消防管线和多个喷淋头，所述消防管线设置在单个车位的顶部，多个喷淋头均布在消防管线上。
PCT/CN2023/089246 2022-12-03 2023-04-19 一种电动汽车车位的自动灭火*** WO2024113646A1 (zh)

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CN202223229169.3U CN218929214U (zh) 2022-12-03 2022-12-03 一种热失控防控***
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