WO2024096757A1 - Procédé de liquéfaction de gaz naturel - Google Patents

Procédé de liquéfaction de gaz naturel Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024096757A1
WO2024096757A1 PCT/RU2023/000314 RU2023000314W WO2024096757A1 WO 2024096757 A1 WO2024096757 A1 WO 2024096757A1 RU 2023000314 W RU2023000314 W RU 2023000314W WO 2024096757 A1 WO2024096757 A1 WO 2024096757A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
natural gas
refrigerant
liquefaction
flow
mixed refrigerant
Prior art date
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PCT/RU2023/000314
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English (en)
Inventor
Olesya Igorevna GASANOVA
Original Assignee
Gasanova Olesya Igorevna
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from RU2022128388A external-priority patent/RU2795716C1/ru
Application filed by Gasanova Olesya Igorevna filed Critical Gasanova Olesya Igorevna
Publication of WO2024096757A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024096757A1/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0292—Refrigerant compression by cold or cryogenic suction of the refrigerant gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F25J1/0037—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F25J1/0055—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream originating from an incorporated cascade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
    • F25J1/0215—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0219—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. using a deep flash recycle loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F25J1/0263—Details of the cold heat exchange system using different types of heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
    • F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F25J1/0283—Gas turbine as the prime mechanical driver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream

Definitions

  • the natural gas liquefaction method is intended for the production of liquefied natural gas (hereinafter - LNG) ensuring the regulation of produced LNG capacity under the conditions of fluctuations in ambient climatic parameters and can be used at gas processing plants located in various regions of the country or the world regardless of the climatic zone.
  • - LNG liquefied natural gas
  • the technology of processing natural gas to liquefied gas depends significantly on the properties of feed gas, the presence of unwanted impurities (H2O, CO2, H2S, Hg, N2, He, OCS, mercaptans, etc.) and heavy hydrocarbons in it.
  • the treatment of feed gas at gas processing plants includes purification with further compression and cryogenic processing which is a highly energy-consuming process.
  • gas liquefaction module accounts for 45% of the capital expenses for the entire LNG plant representing 25-35% of the total project costs and up to 50% of subsequent operating expenses (Development of technologies for the production of liquefied natural gas [Electronic source] URL: https://chemtech.ru/razvitie-tehnologij-proizvodstva-szhizhennogo-prirodnogo- gaza/, access date 28.10.2022).
  • Liquefaction technologies are based on the use of refrigerating circuits in which the refrigerant cools the counterflow of natural gas by means of gradual expansion and compression.
  • the majority of modem technologies for gas liquefaction assumes the use of three refrigerating circuits as this improves the process of natural gas condensation.
  • natural gas is liquefied using two methods: cascade (“propane - ethylene - methane”) or closed refrigerating circuits with the use of mixed refrigerants.
  • a combined multi-circuit refrigeration method for gas liquefaction which includes sequential cooling of the supplied gas flow, at least in two areas of heat exchange to provide liquefied product where cooling of the supplied gas flow is ensured by means of evaporating refrigerants.
  • the refrigerant is only partially evaporated in the coldest area of heat exchange in the range of coldest temperatures to obtain a partially evaporated refrigerant.
  • the partially evaporated refrigerant is recirculated in the process of recirculating cooling which includes the stages of additional evaporation of the partially evaporated refrigerant in the area of additional heat exchange at the temperatures above the highest temperature in the coldest area of heat exchange, compression of the additionally evaporated refrigerant and cooling of the compressed refrigerant flow in order to obtain the coldest refrigerant.
  • the entire flow of the compressed refrigerant is cooled by means of the cooling stages for the entire flow of the compressed refrigerant in the area of additional heat exchange through indirect heat exchange with an additionally evaporating partially evaporated refrigerant or cooling of the entire flow of the compressed refrigerant in the heat exchange area preceding the coldest area of heat exchange through indirect heat exchange with respective evaporating refrigerant, aftercooling of the compressed refrigerant in the area of additional heat exchange through indirect heat exchange with partially evaporated refrigerant (invention patent RU 2307990, IPC F25J 1/02, filed on 16.03.2004, published on 10.10.2007).
  • the disadvantages of the invention are as follows:
  • There is a method and device known for cooling of hydrocarbons flow comprising the flow ( 10) of mixed refrigerant including the first mixed refrigerant which passes through one or more heat exchangers (12) obtaining the cooled flow (20) of mixed refrigerant. At least a part of the cooling flow (30) including the second mixed refrigerant is expanded (14) obtaining one or more expanded cooling flows (40a), at least one of which can be sent through one or more heat exchangers (12) to cool the flow (10) of mixed refrigerant thereby obtaining the flow (20) of mixed refrigerant which is used to cool (22) the flow (70) of hydrocarbons.
  • Temperature (Tl) and flow rate (Fl) of at least a part of the cooled flow (20) of mixed refrigerant as well as the flow rate (F2) of flow (30) are continuously monitored using the data on flow rate Fl and temperature Tl (invention patent RU 2469249, IPC F25J 1/02, filed on 10.07.2008, published on 10.12.2012).
  • the disadvantages of the invention are as follows:
  • gas processing unit comprises at least feed natural gas treatment section, ethane fraction and natural gas liquids (NGL) extraction section, NGL fractionating section, booster compressor station (BCS), section for commercial gas treatment for liquefaction, ethane fraction treatment section and utilities section containing at least product storage buffer park subsection, boil-off gas compressor subsection and liquefaction refrigerant components treatment subsection and ensures the production of commercial gas as well as commercial gas treated for liquefaction, ethane fraction, propane and/or butane fraction and/or their mixture and pentane-hexane fraction to be supplied to the main pipeline of commercial gas.
  • NNL natural gas liquids
  • BCS booster compressor station
  • Treated gas liquefaction unit comprises at least sequentially located precooling, liquefaction and subcooling sections and section of compressors of one or more refrigerants.
  • Commercial product transportation unit consists of at least commercial product cooling section, commercial product main storage park section and shipment section characterized by the fact that downstream BCS, commercial gas is cooled by means of injecting the flow of cold gas coming from treated gas liquefaction unit sections, feed natural gas treatment section of gas processing unit and/or section for commercial gas treatment for liquefaction (gas processing unit) and/or ethane fraction treatment section of gas processing unit are supplemented by the units of extensive gas purification (patent RU 2699160, ICP F25J 3/00, filed on 28.12.2018, published on 03.09.2019).
  • the disadvantage of the invention is the fact that when water and air temperatures increase significantly as compared to the design parameters, the heat exchanging equipment ceases to keep the predetermined process conditions for mass transfer and cryogenic equipment which leads to the decrease in the amount of heat transferred by this equipment to the process flows which has to be compensated by the loss in capacity of the plant in terms of liquefied natural gas.
  • the most similar to the filed invention is the gas liquefaction method including (a) cooling of the feed gas (1) in the first heat exchange area (21; 705) by indirect heat exchange with one or more flows (23) of the refrigerant, provided in the first refrigerating system; and removal of, essentially, the liquefied feed flow (i.e.
  • a characteristic feature of all methods of LNG production implementation is a search for efficient use of cold introduced in the process both from natural sources - water and air, and from special refrigerants, in particular, light hydrocarbons.
  • climate-dependent LNG production “climate-independent LNG production”, “level of climate dependency of the LNG production” are used.
  • climate-independent LNG production means such production which is isolated from the ambient environment and is an adiabatic object.
  • the technological process of such production is ensured by special refrigerants, the operating mode of adiabatic processes is stationary, which provides for the consistency of the LNG production by commercial product, but at the same time the LNG costs are high due to high operating expenses for provision of the cryogenic LNG production with cold.
  • climate-dependent LNG production means such production which to a great extent uses the cooling potential of the environment and is a polytropic object.
  • the operating mode of such production is non-stationary due to both daily and seasonal change of the ambient temperature of water and air used as natural refrigerants.
  • Water and air temperature fluctuations may only partly be compensated by changing the flow rate of natural refrigerants into the heat exchanging apparatuses, which leads to fluctuations of the LNG production by commercial product and decrease of its annual yield. Due to the usage of the cooling potential the cost of LNG is somewhat less than with the climate-independent production.
  • X average monthly capacity per annum, million tons of gas.
  • the objective of the filed invention is to develop a method of efficient natural gas liquefaction for different climatic zones, ensuring as a technical result the increase of the LNG production yield and lowering of the climate dependency level taking into account climatic changes of the ambient temperature during the LNG production facility operation.
  • the set objective may be resolved by way of having a new method of natural gas liquefaction developed, which foresees performing the natural gas liquefaction process in different climatic zones, namely Arctic (Antarctic), temperate and tropical, including sequential cooling, liquefaction and subcooling of the treated natural gas, including at least one stage compression of the natural gas, with its further routing to at least one multisectional or several one-section heat exchangers located in series for cooling, liquefaction and subcooling of treated natural gas via cold transfer from the circulating flows of one or several refrigerants, containing individual components or their mixture, while each of the used refrigerants undergoes at least one-stage compression, compressed treated natural gas flows and used refrigerants are cooled in coolers using ambient cold, the used refrigerants flows are further cooled with refrigerant flows returned for compression, cooled refrigerants after the expansion are used as cold sources for cooling and/or liquefaction and/or subcooling of treated natural gas, concurrently the liquefaction process
  • mixed refrigerant which is a mixture of at least two or more components, comprising butane, propane, ethane, ethylene, methane, nitrogen and other components, and a single multi-section heat exchanger for cooling, liquefaction and subcooling of the treated natural gas
  • aftercooling of treated natural gas is performed with aftercoolers, installed on the natural gas flow line downstream its compression between air coolers and/or water coolers and multisectional heat exchanger
  • aftercooling of the mixed refrigerant is performed with mixed refrigerant aftercoolers, installed downstream each compression stage on the lines between air coolers and/or water coolers and mixed refrigerant separators,
  • the aftercooling of the treated natural gas is provided by aftercoolers of the treated natural gas installed on the natural gas line after its compression between air and/or water coolers and a multi-section heat exchanger
  • aftercooling of the mixed refrigerant is provided by the aftercoolers of the mixed refrigerant installed after each stage of the mixed refrigerant compressing on the supply lines of the mixed refrigerant between the air and/or water coolers and the separators of the mixed refrigerant
  • the aftercooling of the individual refrigerant is provided by the aftercoolers of the individual refrigerant installed on the individual refrigerant supply line after compressing refrigerant after air and/or water coolers.
  • Proposed solution makes it possible to use various options of single- and double-circuit liquefaction configurations as a basis for climate-dependent LNG plants with a reduced level of climate dependence due to the rational placement of additional cold sources - aftercoolers using the cooling potential of external natural refrigerants and internal sources, which provides aftercooling of processed natural gas to a constant temperature corresponding to the minimum average monthly temperature of a given month of the climate zone, which in turn allows the entire LNG production to work consistently for a month with a continuing production program.
  • gas turbine as compressor drives for external cold source circuits in Arctic (Antarctic) and moderate climates, since the ambient temperature allows to operate at the maximum possible efficiency of a gas turbine. Since in a tropical climate, with an increase of ambient air temperature, the density decreases, the amount of air supplied to the combustion chamber drops and, as a result, the efficiency of gas turbines reduces, therefore it is advisable to use an electric motor.
  • boil-off gas flow as an internal source of cold formed during throttling after the subcooling procedure in a heat exchanger or coming from an LNG storage tank, which will enable more efficient distribution of internal process flows and use of own resources to increase energy efficiency of the proposed method of natural gas liquefaction.
  • Figure 1 shows single line diagram of single-circuit liquefaction of natural gas using aftercoolers according to method (a) of the given invention. It is proposed to use two-stage mixed refrigerant compressor 102 driven by a gas turbine. The flow of the mixed refrigerant via pipeline 10 from the mixed refrigerant separator 122 is fed to the first stage of the mixed refrigerant compressor 102, from which the compressed refrigerant flow is directed through the pipeline 11 for atmospheric air cooling to the mixed refrigerant air cooler (hereinafter - air cooler) 112.
  • - air cooler mixed refrigerant air cooler
  • the gasliquid mixture from air cooler 112 enters mixed refrigerant aftercooler 152 via pipeline 12 and then the cooled flow of the mixed refrigerant is fed to the mixed refrigerant separator 123 via pipeline 13, from which the gas phase via the pipeline 14 enters the second stage of the mixed refrigerant compressor 102.
  • Compressed gas enters the mixed refrigerant air cooler 113 via the pipeline 15 for cooling, from which the gas-liquid mixture is directed to the mixed refrigerant aftercooler 153 via the pipeline 16 and then the cooled refrigerant flow is fed to the mixed refrigerant separator 124 via pipeline 17.
  • the liquid phase from the mixed refrigerant separator 124 via pipeline 24 is throttled at the valve 145 and then the flow via the pipeline 25 is delivered to the mixed refrigerant separator 123.
  • the treated natural gas is liquefied in the coil-wound heat exchanger consisting of cooler 131, liquefier 132 and subcooler 133.
  • the treated natural gas is sent through pipeline 1 to treated natural gas compressor 101 for compression, the flow of compressed natural gas through pipeline 2 is sent to natural gas air cooler 111 for cooling, and then the flow of cooled natural gas through pipeline 3 passes through treated natural gas aftercooler 151.
  • Treated natural gas through pipeline 4 from treated natural gas aftercooler 151 (hereinafter - NG), the liquid phase through pipeline 26 from mixed refrigerant separator 123, representing heavy mixed refrigerant (hereinafter - HMR), and the gas phase through pipeline 18 from mixed refrigerant separator 124, representing HP mixed refrigerant (hereinafter - HP MR), are sent to natural gas cooler 131, where they are cooled by the flow of mixed refrigerant in the shell side.
  • the flow of cooled HMR through pipeline 27 is throttled at valve 144 and flowed through pipeline 28 into the shell side of natural gas cooler 131.
  • the flow of cooled HP MR through pipeline 19 is sent to mixed refrigerant separator 121, where it is split into a liquid phase, discharged through pipeline 29 and representing medium mixed refrigerant (hereinafter - MMR), and a gas phase discharged through pipeline 20 representing light mixed refrigerant (hereinafter - LMR).
  • Cooled NG through pipeline 5 flows of MMR through pipeline 29 and flow of LMR through pipeline 20 are sent to natural gas liquefier 132.
  • the flow of cooled MMR through pipeline 30 is throttled at valve 143 and flowed through pipeline 31 to the shell side of natural gas liquefier 132.
  • the flow of cooled LMR through pipeline 21 is supplied to liquefied natural gas subcooler 133.
  • the aftercooled flow of LMR, discharged through pipeline 22, is throttled at valve 142 and is supplied to the shell side of liquefied natural gas subcooler 133 through pipeline 23.
  • the flow of liquefied NG from natural gas liquefier 132 is throttled at valve 141 through pipeline 6 and is sent to liquefied natural gas subcooler 133 through pipeline 7.
  • the flows of mixed refrigerant supplied to the shell side pass through subcooler 133, liquefier 132 and cooler 131 as a downward flow and enter mixed refrigerant separator 122 on the receiving line of the mixed refrigerant compressor 102 as gas flow through pipeline 9 from the coil-wound heat exchanger.
  • Figure 2 shows a key diagram of the double-circuit natural gas liquefaction with two mixed refrigerants using aftercoolers according to method (b) hereof.
  • the treated natural gas through pipeline 1 is sent for compression to treated natural gas compressor 201, the flow of compressed natural gas is sent for cooling through pipeline 2 to natural gas air cooler 211, and then through pipeline 3 the flow of cooled natural gas passes through treated natural gas aftercooler 251.
  • Treated natural gas through pipeline 4 from natural gas aftercooler 251 (NG), heavy mixed refrigerant through pipeline 30 (HMR) from heavy mixed refrigerant aftercooler 252, high pressure mixed refrigerant through pipeline 19 (HP MR) from HP mixed refrigerant aftercooler 255 are supplied to natural gas cooler 231, where they are cooled by the HMR flow entering the shell side through the pipeline 34.
  • a part of the cooled HMR is throttled at valve 244 through pipeline 33 and is supplied to the shell side of natural gas cooler 231 through pipeline 34.
  • the flows of cooled HP MR through pipeline 20, NG through pipeline 5 and a part of the HMR through pipeline 37 are supplied to the natural gas cooler 232.
  • Cooled HMR through pipeline 38 is throttled at valve 243 and is supplied to the shell side of natural gas cooler 232 through pipeline 39. Cooled NG through pipeline 6 and HP MR through pipeline 21 are supplied to natural gas liquefier 233.
  • the flow of cooled HP MR through pipeline 22 is throttled at valve 242 and flows through pipeline 23 to the shell side of natural gas liquefier 233.
  • the flow of liquefied NG through pipeline 7 from natural gas liquefier 233 is throttled at valve 241. Flows of mixed refrigerants removed in gaseous form from the shell side of natural gas liquefier 233 and natural gas coolers 231, 232 are sent for compression to gas turbine engine compressors 203, 202.
  • HP mixed refrigerant compressor 203 The flow of HP MR through pipeline 9, discharged from the shell side of natural gas liquefier 233, is supplied to HP mixed refrigerant compressor 203.
  • the compressed flow of HP MR is sent for cooling through pipeline 10 to HP mixed refrigerant air cooler 213 , the cooled flow of mixed refrigerant through pipeline 11 is further cooled in HP mixed refrigerant aftercooler 253 and is then supplied for compression through pipeline 12 to two-stage HP mixed refrigerant booster compressor 204.
  • the flow of compressed mixed refrigerant through pipeline 13 from the first stage of compressor 204 is sent for cooling to HP mixed refrigerant air cooler 214, then the HP MR flow through pipeline 14 is further cooled in HP mixed refrigerant aftercooler 254 and through pipeline 15 enters the HP mixed refrigerant cooler 234 for cooling by the HMR flow discharged through pipeline 36 from the natural gas cooler 231.
  • the flow of cooled HP MR through pipeline 16 from the HP mixed refrigerant cooler 234 is supplied to the second stage of HP mixed refrigerant booster compressor 204.
  • the compressed refrigerant flow through pipeline 17 is sent for cooling to HP mixed refrigerant air cooler 215, then the HP MR flow through pipeline 18 is further cooled in HP mixed refrigerant aftercooler 255 and is supplied through pipeline 19 to the natural gas cooler 231.
  • the compressed HMR flow through pipeline 28 is sent for cooling to heavy mixed refrigerant air cooler 212, then the cooled HMR flow is sent through pipeline 29 to heavy mixed refrigerant aftercooler 252 for aftercooling and is sent to natural gas cooler 231 through pipeline 30.
  • Figure 3 shows a key diagram of the double-circuit natural gas liquefaction with one mixed refrigerant and a second refrigerant containing an individual component using aftercoolers according to method (c) hereof. It is assumed that two- stage mixed refrigerant gas turbine engine compressor 302 will be used.
  • the mixed refrigerant flow through pipeline 10 from mixed refrigerant separator 321 is supplied to the first stage of mixed refrigerant compressor 302, from which the compressed refrigerant flow through pipeline 11 is supplied to mixed refrigerant air cooler 312 for cooling with atmospheric air.
  • the liquid-gas mixture through pipeline 12 from mixed refrigerant air cooler 312 is supplied to mixed refrigerant aftercooler 352 and then the cooled mixed refrigerant flow through pipeline 13 is supplied to mixed refrigerant separator 322, from which the gas phase through pipeline 14 enters the second stage of mixed refrigerant compressor 302.
  • the compressed gas through pipeline 15 is supplied for cooling to the mixed refrigerant cooler 313, from which the liquid-gas mixture through pipeline 16 enters mixed refrigerant aftercooler 353 and then the cooled flow of refrigerant through pipeline 17 is supplied to mixed refrigerant separator 323.
  • the liquid phase through pipeline 22 from mixed refrigerant separator 323 is throttled at valve 344 and then flows through pipeline 23 to mixed refrigerant separator 322.
  • the treated natural gas is sent through pipeline 1 for liquefaction into a coilwound heat exchanger consisting of natural gas cooler 331 and natural gas liquefier 332.
  • the liquefied gas is sent for subcooling through pipeline 6 to liquefied natural gas subcooler 333, where it is subcooled by the refrigerant flow entering through pipeline 36 and containing an individual component.
  • the subcooled liquefied gas through pipeline 7 is throttled at valve 341.
  • the treated natural gas through pipeline 1 is sent for compression to treated natural gas compressor 301, the flow of compressed natural gas through pipeline 2 is sent for cooling to natural gas cooler 311, and then the flow of cooled natural gas through pipeline 3 passes through treated natural gas aftercooler 351.
  • Treated natural gas through pipeline 4 from treated natural gas aftercooler 351 (hereinafter - NG), the liquid phase through pipeline 24 from mixed refrigerant separator 322, representing heavy mixed refrigerant (hereinafter - HMR), and the gas phase through pipeline 18 from mixed refrigerant separator 323, representing the high pressure mixed refrigerant (hereinafter - HP MR), are supplied to natural gas cooler
  • the flow of cooled HMR through pipeline 25 is throttled at valve 343 and flowed through pipeline 26 into the shell side of natural gas cooler 331.
  • the cooled HP MR flow through pipeline 19 and the cooled NG flow through pipeline 5 are supplied to natural gas liquefier 332.
  • the cooled HP MR flow through pipeline 20 is throttled at valve 342 and flowed through pipeline 21 into the shell side of natural gas liquefier
  • Mixed refrigerant flows supplied to the shell side pass through natural gas liquefier 332 and natural gas cooler 331 as a downward flow and enter in mixed refrigerant separator 321 on the receiving line of the mixed refrigerant compressor 302 as gas flow from the coil-wound heat exchanger through pipeline 9.
  • the compressed refrigerant flow through pipeline 29 is supplied to individual-component refrigerant air cooler 314 for cooling with atmospheric air.
  • the cooled refrigerant flow through pipeline 30 is supplied to individual-component refrigerant aftercooler 354 for aftercooling and then flows through pipeline 31 to the compressor part of expander 304.
  • the compressed refrigerant flow through pipeline 32 is supplied to air cooler 315 for cooling with atmospheric air.
  • the cooled refrigerant flow through pipeline 33 is supplied to individual-component refrigerant aftercooler 355 for aftercooling then flows through pipeline 34 to the recuperative plate heat exchanger 334 for cooling.
  • the cooled refrigerant flow through pipeline 35 is supplied for expansion to individual-component refrigerant expander 304, and then the flow through pipeline 36 is used as a source of cold to subcool the LNG.
  • Figure 4 shows a key diagram of the natural gas liquefaction using aftercoolers according to method (a) with treated natural gas used as an internal source of cold.
  • mixed refrigerant flow over pipeline 12 and downstream from mixed refrigerant separator 422, is directed to the first stage of mixed refrigerant compressor 402, from which the compressed refrigerant flow, over pipeline 13, is subjected to air cooling by means of mixed refrigerant air cooler 412.
  • the resulting gas-liquid mixture is then directed from the air cooler 412, over pipeline 14, to the mixed refrigerant air cooler 452, and then the cooled mixed refrigerant flow, by pipeline 15, enters mixed refrigerant separator 423, from which the gas phase is directed to the second stage of mixed refrigerant compressor 402 through pipeline 16.
  • the compressed gas is then sent through pipeline 17 for cooling to the mixed refrigerant air cooler 413, from which the gas-liquid mixture, over pipeline 18, is delivered to the mixed refrigerant aftercooler 453, and then the cooled refrigerant flow is supplied to the mixed refrigerant separator 424 over pipeline 19.
  • Liquid phase is then directed over pipeline 29, downstream from mixed refrigerant separator 424, and throttled at valve 447, and then flows through pipeline 40 into the mixed refrigerant separator 423.
  • the treated natural gas is sent through pipeline 1 for liquefaction to coilwound heat exchanger consisting of cooler 431, liquefier 432 and subcooler 432.
  • the treated natural gas is then sent through pipeline 1 for compression to the treated natural gas compressor 401, then the flow of compressed natural gas, over pipeline 2, is sent for cooling to the natural gas air cooler 411, and then the cooled natural gas, through pipeline 35, is directed in sufficient quantities to the inlet of internal refrigerant compressor 403.
  • Compressed natural gas, over pipeline 36 is supplied for air cooling to the internal refrigerant cooler 414.
  • the cooled gas flow, through pipeline 37 is further cooled in the internal refrigerant cooler 451, from which the cooled natural gas is sent over pipeline 38 to be divided into two parts.
  • the second part of the cooled natural gas, over pipeline 41, is supplied for expansion to the internal refrigerant expander 404, where a cold natural gas flow is formed, exiting trough pipeline 42, part of which, over pipeline 44, is supplied to the internal refrigerant cooler 451, whereas the rest, over pipeline 43, is supplied to the mixed refrigerant aftercoolers 452 and 453 to cool the mixed refrigerant.
  • the natural gas flows, moving through pipelines 45 and 46, downstream from apparatuses 451, 452 and 453, are supplied as a general flow through pipelines 47 to the compressor section of the internal refrigerant expander 404.
  • the compressed natural gas flow, over pipeline 48, is supplied for air cooling to internal refrigerant cooler 415, from which, as a flow and over pipeline 49, it is supplied to the inlet of the internal refrigerant compressor 403.
  • Cooled and treated natural gas (hereinafter - NG) over pipeline 6, with liquid phase moving through pipeline 31 from mixed refrigerant separator 423, constituting heavy mixed refrigerant (hereinafter - HMR), and gaseous phase moving through pipeline 20 from the mixed refrigerant separator 424, constituting high pressure mixed refrigerant (hereinafter - HP MR), are delivered to the natural gas cooler 431 , where they are cooled by a flow of mixed refrigerant in the annular space.
  • the flow of cooled HMR, moving through pipeline 32, is throttled at valve 445 and flowed through pipeline 33 to the annular space of the natural gas cooler 431.
  • Flow of cooled HP MR, over pipeline 21 is supplied to the mixed refrigerant separator 421, where it is separated into a liquid phase, directed to pipeline 26, which constitutes medium mixed refrigerant (hereinafter - MMR), and gaseous phase, directed to pipeline 22, which constitutes light mixed refrigerant (hereinafter - LMR).
  • Cooled NG, moving through pipeline 7, MMR flows, moving through pipeline 26, and LMR, moving through pipeline 22, are supplied to the natural gas liquefier 432.
  • the flow of cooled MMR, moving through pipeline 27, is throttled at valve 444 and flowed through pipeline 28 into the annular space of the natural gas liquefier 432.
  • the flow of cooled LMR, over pipeline 23, is supplied to the LNG subcooler 433.
  • the aftercooled LMR flow is directed to pipeline 24 and throttled at valve 443, then it is flowed through pipeline 25 into the annular space of the LNG subcooler 433.
  • the flow of liquefied NG, moving over pipeline 8 downstream from natural gas liquefier, is throttled at valve 442 and flowed via pipeline 9 into the LNG subcooler 433.
  • this approach permits one to alter LNG output values relative to the design values or, in other words, reduce facility’s dependance on ambient climatic conditions.
  • Example 1 Using the operational data acquired from the medium-scale LNG plant, a calculation and comparison of economic efficiency indicators was carried out for a scenario where an aftercooling stage is used for treated natural gas and mixed refrigerant in line with the natural gas liquefaction configuration shown in figure 4.
  • option 1 - natural gas liquefaction configuration using method (a), without implementing aftercooling, as a prototype option (hence, single-circuit NG liquefaction configuration, shown in figure 1, does not feature MR aftercoolers 152, 153 and treated gas aftercooler 151); option 2 - NG liquefaction configuration using method (a), with implementation of aftercooling stage in line with the claimed invention, which is shown in figure 4.
  • the claimed invention offers a solution for the posed problem - development of an efficient natural gas liquefaction method viable for a variety of climatic zones and offering, from a technical standpoint, increased annual LNG yield and reduction of dependence on climatic conditions, with due consideration of ambient temperature fluctuations during the operation of the LNG plant in question. This is achieved by means of natural gas flows’ and refrigerants’ aftercooling following their compression in the aftercooling units using both the internal and external cold sources.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de liquéfaction de gaz naturel qui comprend, dans cet ordre, le refroidissement, la liquéfaction et le sous-refroidissement de gaz naturel en raison du transfert de froid depuis des flux circulants d'un ou plusieurs réfrigérants. Des courants comprimés de gaz naturel préparé et de réfrigérants sont refroidis au moyen du froid en provenance de l'environnement. Le processus de liquéfaction comprend l'étape de refroidissement supplémentaire à la température mensuelle moyenne minimale de la zone climatique des flux refroidis de gaz naturel et de réfrigérants après compression par introduction dans les refroidisseurs finaux des flux circulants dans un circuit de réfrigération séparé, ou d'une partie du flux fourni pour la liquéfaction du gaz naturel préparé. Des refroidisseurs finaux de gaz naturel sont installés après sa compression avant l'échangeur de chaleur, des refroidisseurs finaux de réfrigérant sont installés après chaque étape de compression avant des séparateurs de réfrigérants mixtes. Le procédé permet une augmentation de la production annuelle de gaz naturel liquéfié et une diminution du niveau de dépendance climatique de la production, en tenant compte des changements climatiques de la température ambiante pendant le fonctionnement d'une entreprise pour la production de gaz naturel liquéfié.
PCT/RU2023/000314 2022-11-02 2023-10-19 Procédé de liquéfaction de gaz naturel WO2024096757A1 (fr)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2331826C2 (ru) * 2003-09-17 2008-08-20 Эр Продактс Энд Кемикалз,Инк. Комбинированный цикл сжижения газа, использующий множество детандеров
RU2434190C2 (ru) * 2006-07-21 2011-11-20 Шелл Интернэшнл Рисерч Маатсхаппий Б.В. Способ для сжижения потока углеводородов и устройство для его осуществления
RU2455595C2 (ru) * 2006-10-11 2012-07-10 Шелл Интернэшнл Рисерч Маатсхаппий Б.В. Способ и устройство для охлаждения потока углеводородов
RU2705130C2 (ru) * 2015-03-05 2019-11-05 Линде Акциенгезельшафт Способ сжижения богатой углеводородами фракции
US10935312B2 (en) * 2018-08-02 2021-03-02 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Balancing power in split mixed refrigerant liquefaction system

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2331826C2 (ru) * 2003-09-17 2008-08-20 Эр Продактс Энд Кемикалз,Инк. Комбинированный цикл сжижения газа, использующий множество детандеров
RU2434190C2 (ru) * 2006-07-21 2011-11-20 Шелл Интернэшнл Рисерч Маатсхаппий Б.В. Способ для сжижения потока углеводородов и устройство для его осуществления
RU2455595C2 (ru) * 2006-10-11 2012-07-10 Шелл Интернэшнл Рисерч Маатсхаппий Б.В. Способ и устройство для охлаждения потока углеводородов
RU2705130C2 (ru) * 2015-03-05 2019-11-05 Линде Акциенгезельшафт Способ сжижения богатой углеводородами фракции
US10935312B2 (en) * 2018-08-02 2021-03-02 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Balancing power in split mixed refrigerant liquefaction system

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