WO2024094486A1 - Beneficiation process for non-sulfidic minerals or ores - Google Patents
Beneficiation process for non-sulfidic minerals or ores Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024094486A1 WO2024094486A1 PCT/EP2023/079600 EP2023079600W WO2024094486A1 WO 2024094486 A1 WO2024094486 A1 WO 2024094486A1 EP 2023079600 W EP2023079600 W EP 2023079600W WO 2024094486 A1 WO2024094486 A1 WO 2024094486A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- formula
- alkyl
- moiety
- ores
- phosphate
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 49
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 60
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 41
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 39
- -1 phosphate ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 37
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 33
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 32
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 30
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052586 apatite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002367 phosphate rock Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- CNLWCVNCHLKFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;lithium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Li+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O CNLWCVNCHLKFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052642 spodumene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005210 alkyl ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009291 froth flotation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- PSBDWGZCVUAZQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (dimethylsulfonio)acetate Chemical compound C[S+](C)CC([O-])=O PSBDWGZCVUAZQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Betaine Natural products C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical compound NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-O N,N,N-trimethylglycinium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC(O)=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 3
- ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010434 nepheline Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052664 nepheline Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamic acid Chemical compound NS(O)(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940117986 sulfobetaine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940045714 alkyl sulfonate alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008052 alkyl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005529 alkyleneoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010436 fluorite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052839 forsterite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930182470 glycoside Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052598 goethite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 2
- AEIXRCIKZIZYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxy(oxo)iron Chemical compound [O][Fe]O AEIXRCIKZIZYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;titanium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Ti].[Fe] YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 claims description 2
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940071089 sarcosinate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- ZUFONQSOSYEWCN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-(methylamino)acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CNCC([O-])=O ZUFONQSOSYEWCN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Aminoacetate Chemical compound NCC([O-])=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 244000226021 Anacardium occidentale Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000020226 cashew nut Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 78
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 58
- KVVSCMOUFCNCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N cardol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC(O)=CC(O)=C1 KVVSCMOUFCNCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 50
- JOLVYUIAMRUBRK-UTOQUPLUSA-N Cardanol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(CCCCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CC=C)=C1 JOLVYUIAMRUBRK-UTOQUPLUSA-N 0.000 description 40
- JOLVYUIAMRUBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 11',12',14',15'-Tetradehydro(Z,Z-)-3-(8-Pentadecenyl)phenol Natural products OC1=CC=CC(CCCCCCCC=CCC=CCC=C)=C1 JOLVYUIAMRUBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- YLKVIMNNMLKUGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Delta8-pentadecenylphenol Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 YLKVIMNNMLKUGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- FAYVLNWNMNHXGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cardanoldiene Natural products CCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 FAYVLNWNMNHXGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- PTFIPECGHSYQNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N cardanol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 PTFIPECGHSYQNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- UFMJCOLGRWKUKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cardol diene Natural products CCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC1=CC(O)=CC(O)=C1 UFMJCOLGRWKUKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 16
- KAOMOVYHGLSFHQ-UTOQUPLUSA-N anacardic acid Chemical compound CCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC1=CC=CC(O)=C1C(O)=O KAOMOVYHGLSFHQ-UTOQUPLUSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 13
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 12
- 235000014398 anacardic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- ADFWQBGTDJIESE-UHFFFAOYSA-N anacardic acid 15:0 Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC(O)=C1C(O)=O ADFWQBGTDJIESE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical group CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000007046 ethoxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Li2O Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M dilithium;hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-] XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000006755 (C2-C20) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- WVYWICLMDOOCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2-pentanol Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)O WVYWICLMDOOCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000137 polyphosphoric acid Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 101100328895 Caenorhabditis elegans rol-8 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003827 NRaRb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052641 aegirine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052656 albite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007516 brønsted-lowry acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001919 chlorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052619 chlorite group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCl FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940106681 chloroacetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorous acid Chemical compound OCl=O QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YGANSGVIUGARFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxosilane oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[K+].[K+].O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O YGANSGVIUGARFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001076 estrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001033 granulometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010442 halite Substances 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052900 illite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CYPPCCJJKNISFK-UHFFFAOYSA-J kaolinite Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])=O CYPPCCJJKNISFK-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229910052912 lithium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002688 maleic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052651 microcline Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052627 muscovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L nonaaluminum;magnesium;tripotassium;1,3-dioxido-2,4,5-trioxa-1,3-disilabicyclo[1.1.1]pentane;iron(2+);oxygen(2-);fluoride;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[F-].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Fe+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2 VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920000847 nonoxynol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010665 pine oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011027 product recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052604 silicate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005671 trienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/001—Flotation agents
- B03D1/004—Organic compounds
- B03D1/0043—Organic compounds modified so as to contain a polyether group
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/001—Flotation agents
- B03D1/004—Organic compounds
- B03D1/008—Organic compounds containing oxygen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/001—Flotation agents
- B03D1/004—Organic compounds
- B03D1/01—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/001—Flotation agents
- B03D1/004—Organic compounds
- B03D1/01—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- B03D1/011—Quaternary ammonium compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/001—Flotation agents
- B03D1/004—Organic compounds
- B03D1/012—Organic compounds containing sulfur
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/001—Flotation agents
- B03D1/004—Organic compounds
- B03D1/014—Organic compounds containing phosphorus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D2201/00—Specified effects produced by the flotation agents
- B03D2201/02—Collectors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D2203/00—Specified materials treated by the flotation agents; specified applications
- B03D2203/02—Ores
- B03D2203/04—Non-sulfide ores
- B03D2203/06—Phosphate ores
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a beneficiation process for non-sulfidic minerals or ores, and to a collector composition for use in said process.
- Froth flotation is a physico-chemical process used to separate mineral particles considered economically valuable from those considered waste. It is based on the ability of air bubbles to selectively attach to those particles that were previously rendered hydrophobic. The particlebubble combinations then rise to the froth phase from where the flotation cell is discharged, whilst the hydrophilic particles remain in the flotation cell. Particle hydrophobicity is, in turn, induced by special chemicals called collectors. In direct flotation systems, it is the economically valuable minerals which are rendered hydrophobic by the action of the collector. Similarly, in reverse flotation systems, the collector renders hydrophobicity to those mineral particles considered waste. The efficiency of the separation process is quantified in terms of recovery and grade. Recovery refers to the percentage of valuable product contained in the ore that is removed into the concentrate stream after flotation. Grade refers to the percentage of the economically valuable product in the concentrate after flotation. A higher value of recovery or grade indicates a more efficient flotation system.
- phosphate concentrate with P 2 O 5 grade higher than 30% and recovery of >85-90%.
- the flotation of phosphate allows to reduce to minimal values the content of following gangue minerals: quartz, clay, feldspar, calcite, magnetite, dolomite etc.
- the applicable flotation method is affected by the nature of the phosphate ore.
- the direct flotation is commonly applied for the igneous/magmatic apatite phosphate ores with generally low P 2 O 5 feed grade (5-10%) and the valuable apatite phosphate concentrate is separated with the froth. Meanwhile, the reversed flotation is used for the sedimentary phosphate ores with generally higher P 2 O 5 feed grade. In the latter case the impurities are separated from the phosphate concentrate with the froth whereas the valuable phosphate concentrate is resided in the cell tailings product. In some cases, the direct flotation can be also used to float phosphorous-containing minerals from sedimentary phosphates.
- Anionic collectors can be used in both mentioned cases: for the direct flotation of apatite/phosphate from igneous or sedimentary phosphate ores and for flotation of calcite, dolomite, and other carbonaceous impurities from sedimentary phosphate ores, respectively.
- the process of phosphate flotation generally includes following stages: ore classification, ore grinding, pulp conditioning with reagents and further flotation.
- the flotation of slime impurities is commonly applied in the beneficiation processes of potash. Both anionic and nonionic collectors can be used in slime flotation, which is commonly performed prior to the flotation of potash. Further the direct flotation of KCI and NaCI is performed for sylvite and halite ores, respectively. Slimes are undesirable in KCI or NaCI flotation stages since they cause elevated consumption of potash collectors and decrease the purity of concentrate. Commonly, slimes contain 2/3 of clay minerals (dolomite, anhydrite, hematite, silica) and 1/3 clay (chlorite, Illite). The content of slimes in the flotation feed commonly varies between 1 and 6%.
- the process of potash slime flotation generally includes following stages: ore classification, ore grinding, pulp conditioning with reagents and further the flotation desliming.
- WO 2019/007712 A1 and WO2019/007714 A1 disclose a process to treat carbonatitic or siliceous non-sulfidic ores with a collector composition that comprises a phosphate compound of the formula: wherein R is linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, A is an alkylene oxide unit; Y is H, Na, K or an ammonium or alkylated ammonium, n is 1 - 3, p is 0 - 25, X is chosen from the same groups as R-Ap or Y. These processes have been shown to provide the required grade of separation of the desired product from the ore and an improvement in recovery and selectivity.
- RU2717862C1 An alternative process for recovering phosphates from phosphate ores is described in RU2717862C1 .
- a collector containing ethoxylated derivatives of cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) having a degree of ethoxylation from 1 to 100 is used.
- RU2744327C1 discloses flotation desliming of potash ores using a collector containing propoxylated Cardanol (part of CNSL) having a degree of propoxylation from 10 to 70, or a mixture of propoxylated Cardanol and ethoxylated Cardanol having a degree of ethoxylation and propoxylation from 10 to 70.
- collector compositions comprising anionic, cationic, and/or amphoteric (i.e., charge-containing) derivatives of CNSL meet this need. Accordingly, the present disclosure relates to a beneficiation process for non-sulfidic minerals or ores, the process comprising contacting said non-sulfidic minerals or ores with a collector composition comprising:
- Ri is a saturated or unsaturated, linear C15 alkyl
- R2 is selected from H, -C(O)OH, -C(O)-Ap-OH, or -C(O)-Ap-O-Z, preferably H,
- Rs is selected from -OH, -O-Z, -Ap-OH, or -Ap-O-Z,
- R4 is selected from H or -CH3,
- Rs is selected from H, -OH, -O-Z, -Ap-OH, or -Ap-O-Z,
- A is an alkylene oxide unit, preferably an ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide unit, more preferably an ethylene oxide unit, p is 1 - 30, preferably 2-15, more preferably 3-12, and
- Z is an anionic moiety, a cationic moiety, or an amphoteric moiety, with the proviso that the compound of formula (I) comprises at least one Z group;
- a “beneficiation process” is a process that improves (benefits) the economic value of the mineral or ore by removing undesired impurities/valueless material (more commonly referred to as “gangue”). That results in a higher-grade product (concentrate), usually with high levels of product recovery, and produces a waste stream (tailings). This is a well-established term of the mining industry, the meaning of which would be well understood by a person skilled in this technical field.
- the compounds of formula (I) are preferably derived from four components of cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL): anacardic acid [A], cardol [B], cardanol [C] and/or methylcardol [D]:
- the R’ group is typically a mixture of saturated, monoene, diene and triene linear C15 alkyls, such as (but not necessarily limited to):
- CNSL is a common by-product produced by the cashew industry and is therefore a renewable and sustainable alternative to petrochemically derived alkylaromatic compounds.
- Natural cold extracted CNSL (C-CNSL) contains 60-75% anacardic acid, 15-25% cardol, 3-5% Cardanol and 1 -2% methylcardol, respectively.
- technical CNSL (T-CNSL) can be obtained by a heat extraction process where anacardic acid is converted to Cardanol. After removal of undesirable polymeric materials, T-CNSL generally contains >75% Cardanol and ⁇ 4-8% cardol. The production of T-CNSL has been practiced for decades.
- the one or more compounds of formula (I) prefferably be anionic, cationic, or amphoteric derivatives of anacardic acid, cardol, cardanol and/or methylcardol, wherein the anacardic acid, cardol, cardanol and/or methylcardol are preferably obtained from CNSL.
- the one or more compounds of formula (I) are anionic, cationic, or amphoteric derivatives of cardanol, cardol and/or methylcardol, wherein the cardanol, cardol and/or methylcardol are preferably obtained from T-CNSL.
- the collector composition comprises one or more compounds of formula (la): wherein:
- Ri is a saturated or unsaturated, linear C15 alkyl, Rs is selected from OH, O-Z, Ap-OH, or Ap-O-Z,
- R4 is H or CH 3 ,
- Rs is selected from H, OH, O-Z, Ap-OH, or Ap-O-Z,
- A is an alkylene oxide unit, preferably an ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide unit, more preferably an ethylene oxide unit, p is 1 - 30, preferably 2-15, more preferably 3-12, and
- Z is an anionic moiety, a cationic moiety, or an amphoteric moiety, with the proviso that the compound of formula (la) comprises at least one Z group.
- the collector composition comprises at least one compound of formula (lb): wherein:
- R1 is a saturated or unsaturated, linear C15 alkyl
- R3 is selected from O-Z or Ap-O-Z, preferably Ap-O-Z,
- A is an alkylene oxide unit, preferably an ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide unit, more preferably an ethylene oxide unit, p is 1 - 30, preferably 2-15, more preferably 3-12, and
- Z is an anionic moiety, a cationic moiety, or an amphoteric moiety.
- the compounds of formulae (I), (la) and/or (lb) are anionic, cationic or amphoteric derivatives of anacardic acid, cardol, cardanol and methylcardol, wherein the anacardic acid, cardol, cardanol and methylcardol are obtained from CNSL and then derivatized to produce compounds of formulae (I), (la) and/or (lb).
- the compounds of formulae (I), (la) and/or (lb) are anionic, cationic or amphoteric derivatives of cardanol, cardol and/or methylcardol, wherein the cardanol, cardol and/or methylcardol are obtained from T-CNSL and then derivatized to produce compounds of formulae (I), (la) and/or (lb).
- the anacardic acid, cardol, cardanol and/or methylcardol obtained from CNSL or T-CNSL may be directly derivatized as a mixture, or each component may be purified and derivatized separately.
- the compounds of formulae (I), (la) and/or (lb) are anionic or amphoteric derivatives of anacardic acid, cardol, cardanol and methylcardol, wherein the anacardic acid, cardol, cardanol and methylcardol are obtained from CNSL and then derivatized to produce compounds of formulae (I), (la) and/or (lb).
- the compounds of formulae (I), (la) and/or (lb) are anionic or amphoteric derivatives of cardanol, cardol and/or methylcardol, wherein the cardanol, cardol and/or methylcardol are obtained from T-CNSL and then derivatized to produce compounds of formulae (I), (la) and/or (lb).
- the anacardic acid, cardol, cardanol and/or methylcardol obtained from CNSL or T-CNSL may be directly derivatized as a mixture, or each component may be purified and derivatized separately.
- the compounds of formulae (I), (la) and/or (lb) are anionic derivatives of anacardic acid, cardol, cardanol and methylcardol, wherein the anacardic acid, cardol, cardanol and methylcardol are obtained from CNSL and then derivatized to produce compounds of formulae (I), (la) and/or (lb).
- the compounds of formulae (I), (la) and/or (lb) are anionic derivatives of cardanol, cardol and/or methylcardol, wherein the cardanol, cardol and/or methylcardol are obtained from T-CNSL and then derivatized to produce compounds of formulae (I), (la) and/or (lb).
- the anacardic acid, cardol, cardanol and/or methylcardol obtained from CNSL or T-CNSL may be directly derivatized as a mixture, or each component may be purified and derivatized separately.
- the anionic, cationic, or amphoteric moiety Z of formulae (I), (la) and/or (lb) preferably comprise or consist of a phosphate, a pyrophosphate, a polyphosphate, a phosphonate, a phosphinate, a sulfate, a sulfonate, a carboxylic acid, a sulfosuccinate, a sarcosinate, a polysulfate, a polysulfonate, a betaine, a sulfobetaine, an aminocarboxylate, an aminosulfonate, (alkyl)amines, (alkyl)diamines, etheramines, etherdiamines, esteramines, esterdiamines, and quaternary ammonium moieties.
- the cationic moieties Z comprise or consist of:
- esteramines of the formula esterdiamines of the formula: wherein k is a value of 1 to 3, m is an integer of 0 to 25, f is an integer of at least 3 and at most 8, and wherein X is an anion derivable from deprotonating a Bronsted-Lowry acid
- the cationic moiety Z may also comprise or consist of polyester polyamines (PEPA) and/or polyester polyquats (PEPQ). These are polymeric components containing multiple amine or quaternary ammonium centres, respectively. Commonly, PEPA and PEPQ are obtained from reaction of an amine, a dicarboxylic acid and a hydrophobic precursor (for example, fatty acid or fatty alcohol). In a preferred embodiment, the cationic moiety Z comprises or consists of a PEPA or PEPQ of the formula: wherein:
- R is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, C2-C20 alkyl
- R2 is either a link point to a compound of formulae (I), (la), or (lb) (i.e., R2-O-Z), or is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, C1 -C20 alkyl;
- D is a halogen counterion (preferably Cl’, I’, Br or F ) or an organic counterion (preferably sulfate, sulfonate, phosphate, phosphonate, carboxylate with C1 -C10 alkyl); p is 0 or 1 ; n is 1 to 10;
- R3 and R4 are each independently:
- PEPA H or a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted C1 -C20 alkyl (preferably CH 3 or CH2CH2OH),
- a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted C1 -C20 alkyl preferably CH 3 or CH2CH2OH
- at least one R2 is a link point to a compound of formulae (I), (la), or (lb) (i.e., R2-O-Z, which corresponds to an ester of a compound of formulae (I), (la) or (lb) (R2-O) with the PEPA/PEPQ moiety (Z)).
- Z of formulae (I), (la) and/or (lb) comprises or consists of an anionic moiety or an amphoteric moiety, more preferably an anionic moiety.
- Preferred amphoteric moieties Z comprise or consist of a betaine, a sulfobetaine, an aminocarboxylate, and/or an aminosulfonate.
- Preferred anionic moieties Z comprise of consist of phosphates (cf. formula [E], below), sulfosuccinates (cf. formula [F], below), sarcosinates (cf. formula [G], below), maleates (cf. formula [H], below), amidocarboxylates (cf. formula [I], below), glycinates (cf. formula [J], below), taurates (cf. formula [K], below), hydroxamates (cf. formula [L], below), and/or sulfonates (cf. formula [N], below).
- the anionic moiety Z of formulae (I), (la) and/or (lb) comprises or consists of a phosphate of formula (II): wherein: n is 0 - 3, and each X is independently selected from H, a cationic counterion (preferably an alkali(ne) metal cation, ammonium, or an alkyl ammonium), or Y; or when n is 2 or 3, the terminal O-X and a second O-X jointly may be a -O- bridge to give a cyclic phosphate, wherein Y is a compound of formula (III), wherein:
- Re is a saturated or unsaturated, linear C15 alkyl, R? is selected from H, -C(O)OH, or C(O)-Ap-OH,
- Rs is selected from OH or Ap-OH
- R9 is selected from H or CH 3 ,
- R10 is selected from H, OH, or Ap-OH
- A is an alkylene oxide unit, preferably an ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide unit, more preferably an ethylene oxide unit, p is 1 - 30, preferably 2-15, more preferably 3-12, wherein at least of one of R 7 , Rs or Rw contains an OH group that forms a phosphate ester link with the anionic moiety Z of formula (II), with the proviso that at least one X of Formula (II) must be selected from H or a cationic counterion.
- Y is a compound of formula (Illa): wherein:
- Re is a saturated or unsaturated, linear C15 alkyl
- Rs is selected from OH or Ap-OH
- R9 is selected from H or CH 3 ,
- R10 is selected from H, OH, or Ap-OH
- A is an alkylene oxide unit, preferably an ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide unit, more preferably an ethylene oxide unit, p is 1 - 30, preferably 2-15, more preferably 3-12, wherein at least of one of Rs or R10 contains an OH group that forms a phosphate ester link with the anionic moiety Z of formula (II).
- the collector composition comprises a mixture of two or more compounds of formulae [IA1], [IA2], [IA3] and/or [IA4]:
- Ri is a saturated or unsaturated, linear C15 alkyl
- R2 is selected from C(O)OH, C(O)-Ap-OH, or C(O)-Ap-O-Z, preferably C(O)OH or
- Rs is selected from OH, O-Z, Ap-OH, or Ap-O-Z,
- Rs is selected from OH, O-Z, Ap-OH, or Ap-O-Z,
- A is an alkylene oxide unit, preferably an ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide unit, more preferably an ethylene oxide unit, p is 1 - 30, preferably 2-15, more preferably 3-12, and
- Z is an anionic moiety, a cationic moiety, or an amphoteric moiety, with the proviso that each compound of formulae [IA1], [IA2], [IA3] and [IA4] must each comprise at least one Z group.
- the collector composition comprises a mixture of compounds of formulae [IA2], [IA3] and [IA4], wherein the weight ratio of [IA3] to the sum of [IA2] and [IA4] (i.e., [I A3]: ([I A2]+[l A4])) is from about 75:25 to >99:1 .
- the collector composition comprises at least one compound of the formula [IA3]. In a most preferred embodiment, the collector composition comprises at least one compound of formula [IB]: wherein:
- R’ is a saturated or unsaturated, linear C15 alkyl
- A is an alkylene oxide unit, preferably an ethylene oxide unit, p is 0 - 30, preferably 2-15, more preferably 3-12 n is 0 - 3, and each X is independently selected from H, a cationic counterion (preferably an alkali(ne) metal cation, ammonium, or an alkyl ammonium), or Y; or when n is 2 or 3, the terminal O-X and a second O-X jointly may be a -O- bridge to give a cyclic phosphate, wherein Y is a compound of formula (Illa), wherein:
- Re is a saturated or unsaturated, linear C15 alkyl
- Rs is selected from OH or Ap-OH
- Rg is selected from H or CH 3 ,
- Rio is selected from H, OH, or Ap-OH,
- A is an alkylene oxide unit, preferably an ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide unit, more preferably an ethylene oxide unit, p is 1 - 30, preferably 2-15, more preferably 3-12, wherein at least of one of Rs or Rw contains an OH group that forms a phosphate ester link with phosphate group of formula [IB], with the proviso that at least one X must be selected from H or a cationic counterion.
- the cationic counterion X may be any suitable cationic counterion that forms a stable phosphate salt.
- Preferred cationic counterions in that respect include, but are not limited to, Na, K, Ca, Mg, and ammonium cations of the formula NR a RbR c Rd, wherein R a , Rb, Rc and Rd are each independently selected from H or C1 -C12 alkyl.
- the cationic counterion is Na, K or NR a R b RcRd-
- the A unit as used herein is an alkylene oxide ether.
- alkoxylated products may be produced by procedures well-known in the art by reacting a free OH group with one or more alkylene oxides (e.g., ethylene oxide) in the presence of a suitable catalyst, e.g. a conventional basic catalyst, such as KOH, or a so-called narrow range catalyst (see e.g. Nonionic Surfactants: Organic Chemistry in Surfactant Science Series volume 72, 1998, pp 1 -37 and 87-107, edited by Nico M. van Os; Marcel Dekker, Inc):
- p in the “Ap” group corresponds to the number of moles of alkylene oxide that was added per mole of alcohol in the alkoxylation reaction. This is the commonly accepted and well understood meaning of this term, because the alkoxylation reaction normally produces a distribution of alkoxylated products (this can be observed, e.g., in WO 2021/140166).
- p is defined as the molar equivalents of alkylene oxide added per mole of alcohol in the alkoxylation reaction (this is also referred to as the “degree of alkoxylation”). For example, in the below worked example, 10 molar equivalents of ethylene oxide was reacted with the alcohol, hence in the below worked example “p” is 10 (i.e., the cardanol has a degree of ethoxylation of 10).
- the collector compositions of the present invention may comprise one or more surfactants. It should be understood, however, that the compounds described above may be successfully used in flotation methods without necessarily requiring an additional surfactant. For the avoidance of any doubt, it should be understood that the optional component (ii) of the collector composition disclosed herein is different to that of component (i), and most preferably not a compound of formula (I).
- the optional surfactant(s) (ii) is not particularly limited, and may be cationic, anionic, non-ionic, amphoteric, or a mixture of two or more of these. Below some examples are given, but these should only be considered as suitable for the invention and are not to be regarded as limiting.
- Suitable amphoteric surfactants include, but are not limited to, those of the formula [C]: wherein Ri is a hydrocarbyl group with 8-22, preferably 12-18, carbon atoms; A is an alkyleneoxy group having 2-4, preferably 2, carbon atoms; p is a number 0 or 1 ; q is a number from 0 to 5, preferably 0; R2 is a hydrocarbyl group having 1 -4 carbon atoms, preferably 1 , or R2 is the group wherein R1, A, p and q have the same meaning as above; Y- is selected from the group consisting of COO" and SOs", preferably COO-; n is a number 1 or 2, preferably 1 ; M is a cation, which may be monovalent or divalent, and inorganic or organic, and r is a number 1 or 2.
- the amphoteric surfactant of formula [C] may also be used in its acid form, where the nitrogen is protonated and no external cation is needed.
- the compounds according to formula [C] can easily be produced in high yield from commercially available starting materials using known procedures.
- US 4,358,368 discloses some ways to produce the compounds where R1 is a hydrocarbyl group with 8-22 carbon atoms (col 6, line 9 - col 7, line 52), and in US 4,828,687 (col 2, line 2 - col 2, line 31 ) compounds where R2 is attached to the compound of formula [C] via the methylene group, are described.
- amphoteric surfactants have the formula [D]: wherein R 2 is a hydrocarbyl group with 8-22, preferably 12-18, carbon atoms, D is - CH 2 - or - CH 2 CH 2 -, k is 0-4, preferably 0-3, and most preferably 0-2, and M is hydrogen or a cation, such as sodium or potassium.
- R 2 is a hydrocarbyl group with 8-22, preferably 12-18, carbon atoms
- D is - CH 2 - or - CH 2 CH 2 -
- k is 0-4, preferably 0-3, and most preferably 0-2
- M is hydrogen or a cation, such as sodium or potassium.
- the products where D is -CH 2 - are prepared by the reaction between a fatty amine and chloroacetic acid or its salts, and the products where D is -CH 2 CH 2 - are prepared by the reaction between a fatty amine and acrylic acid or esters thereof, in the latter case the reaction is followed by hydrolysis.
- Suitable anionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, fatty acids (such as those with an
- alkylphosphates such as those of formula [E]
- alkylsulfosuccinates such as those of formula [F]
- alkylsarcosinates such as those of formula [G]
- alkylmaleates such as those of formula [H]
- alkylamidocarboxylates such as those of formula [I]
- alkylglycinates such as those of formula [J]
- alkyltaurates such as those of formula [K]
- alkylhydroxamates such as those of formula [L] wherein for each of formulae [K]
- R is linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms
- A is an alkylene oxide unit
- X is chosen from the same groups as R-Ap or Y; m is 0-7;
- B is -H, -CH 3 , - CH(CH 3 ) 2 , -CH 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 , -CH(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 3 ;
- Z is -H, -CH 3 or -CH 2 CH 3 ;
- D is an alkaline metal counterion, preferably Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , or Mg 2+ .
- esters of the above alkylamidocarboxylates are also contemplated (preferably following the formula [I] of the alkylamidocarboxylates compounds, wherein Y is an alcohol derived hydrocarbon group, such as also described in US20160129456)
- suitable anionic surfactants include sulphonated fatty acids, alkylbenzensulphonates, such as those of formula [M], and alkylsulfonates, such as those of formula [N], wherein in formulae [M] and [N]:
- R is linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms
- Y is H, Na, K or an ammonium or alkylated ammonium.
- Suitable nonionic surfactants include alkoxylates (such as alkoxylated fatty alcohols RO(A)H, alkoxylated fatty acids RC(O)O(A)H), or alkyl glycosides (e.g., R ⁇ OeHn ), or alkylethanolamides, such as those of the formulae [O] or [P],
- R is linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms;
- A is an alkylene oxide unit;
- Y is H, Na, K or an ammonium or alkylated ammonium;
- Z is -H, -CH3 or -CH2CH3;
- f is 1 -25, preferably f is 1 -15, and most preferable 1 -10 and each f is independently 1 to 25;
- k is 1 or more, preferably about 1 -5.
- nonionic surfactants include ethoxylated and/or propoxylated derivatives of anacardic acid [A], cardol [B], cardanol [C] and/or methylcardol [D], preferably ethoxylated and/or propoxylated derivatives of cardol [B], cardanol [C] and/or methylcardol [D],
- Suitable cationic surfactants include, but are not limited to, fatty amines (preferably C8-C22, linear or branched alkyamines), fatty diamines (preferably C8-C22, linear or branched), alkyl etheramines (preferably C8-C22, linear or branched alky etheramines), alkyl etherdiamines (preferably C8-C22, linear or branched alkyl etherdiamines), alkyl esteramines (preferably C8- C22, linear or branched alkyl esteramines), quaternary ammonium surfactants, polyester polyamines (PEPA), and polyester polyquats (PEPQ).
- fatty amines preferably C8-C22, linear or branched alkyamines
- fatty diamines preferably C8-C22, linear or branched
- alkyl etheramines preferably C8-C22, linear or branched alky etheramines
- PEPA or PEPQ are related to polymeric components containing multiple amine or quaternary ammonium centres, respectively. Commonly, PEPA and PEPQ are obtained from reaction of an amine, dicarboxylic acid and hydrophobic precursor (for example, fatty acid or fatty alcohol).
- Preferred PEPA and PEPQ cationic surfactants include, but are not limited to: wherein:
- R is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, C2-C20 alkyl
- R2 is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, C1 -C20 alkyl
- D is a halogen counterion (preferably Cl’, I’, Br or F ) or an organic counterion (preferably sulfate, sulfonate, phosphate, phosphonate, carboxylate with C1 -C10 alkyl);
- p is 0 or 1 ;
- n is 1 to 10;
- R3 and R4 are each independently:
- PEPA H or a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted C1 -C20 alkyl (preferably CH 3 or CH 2 CH 2 OH),
- a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted C1 -C20 alkyl preferably CH 3 or CH 2 CH 2 OH.
- PEPQ cationic surfactants include: wherein:
- R is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, C1 -C20 alkyl
- R’ is H or C(O)R
- R is -CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 CH 2 -; n is 1 to 10; m is 0 to 2; and k is 1 to 6.
- the collector composition disclosed herein may comprise a mixture of two or more anionic and/or nonionic surfactants.
- the weight ratio of component (ii) to component (i) in the collector composition is preferably from about 15:85 to 99:1 , preferably about 20:80 to 98:2, preferably about 25:75 to 97:3.
- the collector composition of the present disclosure comprises component (i) and optional component (ii) in a total amount of about 15 wt.% to about 100 wt.% (relative to the total weight of the collector composition), preferably in the above weight ratio (ii) to (i).
- the collector compositions described above may further comprise a solvent.
- Preferred solvents include, but are not limited to, water, isopropyl alcohol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, hydrocarbon oils, C6-C18 alcohols, and mixtures thereof. If a solvent is used, then the collector composition preferably comprises at least 50 wt.%, more preferably at least 60 wt.%, more preferably at least 70wt.%, and most preferably at least 75 wt.% of the solvent (relative to the total weight of the collector composition).
- the beneficiation process disclosed herein is a flotation method, preferably a froth flotation method.
- Non-sulfidic minerals and ores that may benefit from the presently disclosed process include, but are not necessarily limited to, phosphate-containing minerals and ores (including dephosphorization of iron ore), minerals and ores comprising silicate minerals (such as, but not limited to, lithium and/or magnesium silicate minerals, siliceous phosphate ores, siliceous iron ores), and/or minerals and ores comprising carbonates (such as, but not limited to, calcite, carbonatitic phosphate ores).
- silicate minerals such as, but not limited to, lithium and/or magnesium silicate minerals, siliceous phosphate ores, siliceous iron ores
- carbonates such as, but not limited to, calcite, carbonatitic phosphate ores.
- Non-limiting examples of such minerals and ores include potash, phosphate ores (apatite ores, sedimentary phosphate rock, phosphorite), calcites, iron ores (magnetite, hematite, itabirite, goethite), magnesite, spodumene, wollastonite, fluorite, chromite, dolomite, ilmenite, forsterite, nepheline, pyrochlore, rutile, zircon, olivine, scheelite.
- potash phosphate ores (apatite ores, sedimentary phosphate rock, phosphorite), calcites, iron ores (magnetite, hematite, itabirite, goethite), magnesite, spodumene, wollastonite, fluorite, chromite, dolomite, ilmenite, forsterite, nepheline, pyrochlore, rutile, zi
- the process of the present disclosure is particularly suitable for treating (1 ) apatite ores (direct flotation of apatite), (2) sedimentary phosphate ores (direct flotation of sedimentary phosphate rock or direct flotation of carbonate impurities - i.e., in the latter case, reversed flotation of sedimentary phosphate rock) and (3) potash ores (i.e., slime flotation from potash ores).
- the process is also particularly suitable for the dephosphorization of iron ore, silicates flotation from iron ore, and silicates flotation from sedimentary phosphate ore.
- a collector composition comprising component (i) improved the P2O5 recovery and grade in the three abovementioned processes (1 ) direct flotation of apatite and (2) direct flotation of sedimentary phosphate rock and (3) reversed flotation of sedimentary phosphate rock (i.e. direct flotation of carbonate impurities from sedimentary phosphate).
- the use of a collector composition comprising component (i) improved the slime flotation from potash.
- CNSL components are not estrogenic materials and have better environmental profile comparing to the common nonylphenol ethoxylates if used in these applications.
- CNSL components are based on the renewable raw material source. Overall, the collector composition of the present disclosure provides numerous technical and environmental advantages over the previously known collector compositions.
- the collector composition may comprise component (i) only, or may comprise component (i) in combination with one or more surfactant (ii) (most common for this particular application would be a fatty acid).
- surfactant most common for this particular application would be a fatty acid.
- the simultaneous presence of compounds (i) and (ii) or so to say the balance between the two compounds allows to reach the optimal recovery and grade of P2O5.
- “p” is between 0 and 30, more preferably 5 and 15, yet even more preferably between 8 and 12.
- the collector composition may comprise component (i) only, or may comprise component (i) in combination with one or more surfactants (ii) (most common for this particular application would be alkyl etheramines) and the balance between the two compounds allows to reach the optimal recovery and grade of P2O5 in the bottom concentrate product.
- surfactants most common for this particular application would be alkyl etheramines
- p is between 0 and 30, more preferably 2 and 10, yet even more preferably between 3 and 8.
- the collector composition may comprise component (i) only, or may comprise component (i) in combination with one or more surfactants (ii) (most common for this particular application would be alcohol ethoxylate phosphate ester, ethoxylated or propoxylated fatty alcohol, ethoxylated fatty amine, all C8-C22 linear or branched).
- surfactants most common for this particular application would be alcohol ethoxylate phosphate ester, ethoxylated or propoxylated fatty alcohol, ethoxylated fatty amine, all C8-C22 linear or branched.
- the amount of collector composition added to the ore will in general be in the range of from about 10 to about 1000 g/ton dry ore, preferably in the range of from about 20 to about 500 g/ton dry ore, more preferably from about 100 to about 400 g/ton dry ore.
- reagents can be added either at the same time or, preferably, separately during the process and can include depressants, such as a polysaccharide, alkalized starch or dextrin, extender oils, frothers/froth regulators, such as pine oil, MIBC (methylisobutyl carbinol) and alcohols such as hexanol and alcohol ethoxylates/propoxylates, inorganic dispersants, such as silicate of sodium (water glass) and soda ash, and pH-regulators.
- depressants such as a polysaccharide, alkalized starch or dextrin
- extender oils frothers/froth regulators
- frothers/froth regulators such as pine oil, MIBC (methylisobutyl carbinol) and alcohols such as hexanol and alcohol ethoxylates/propoxylates
- inorganic dispersants such as silicate of sodium (water glass) and soda ash, and pH-regul
- the process to treat ores according to the present disclosure preferably comprises the steps of:
- T-CNSL T-CNSL
- Cardanol 96. 2 wt- %)
- Methyl Cardol 0.7 wt-%
- the reactor was heated at 120 e C for 1 ,5h under N2 sparge to reduce water content to 0.04 wt. %.
- the reactor was then heated to 130 e C and 622 g (14.12 moles) of ethylene oxide were fed gradually to not exceed the reactor pressure of 55 psig.
- the post-reaction was carried out for 1 .5 hours at 130 e C until the pressure in the reactor stabilized. Then the reaction mixture was cooled to 80 e C and material was discharged.
- 500 g of an igneous phosphate ore containing 42% apatite, 38% nepheline, 5% aegirine, 3% feldspar and 2% sphene was ground in a rod mill with 500 g of synthetic process water and 6.2 kg of stainless-steel rods (grinding to 70% -160pm - i.e. a granulometry of 70% through a 160 micron mesh).
- the ore/water slurry was transferred to a 1.3L cell of a flotation machine and conditioned with 200 g/t of sodium silicate solution (2 min) and 100 g/t of the collector blend (containing 40 wt% of tested component and 60 wt% of tall oil fatty acid) (1 min).
- the conditioning was performed at a rotor speed of 1000 min 1 .
- the Rougher - Cleaner 1 - Cleaner 2 flotation set was performed during 4, 3 and 2 min, respectively (at a rotor speed 1000 min 1 and an air flow of 3.0 L/min). Fractions coming from flotation were dried in the oven, weighed, and analyzed by means of XRF analysis. Recovery and Grade values were received.
- Example 1 substantially outperformed the nonionic equivalent (cf. RU2717862C1 ) - P2O5 recovery was improved by 9.5% and the grade of P2O5 was 0.2% higher.
- Example 3 Flotation tests - direct flotation of carbonates from sedimentary phosphate
- the sedimentary phosphate ore containing 19.0% P2O5 and 8.0% SiO2 was used for flotation.
- the ore contained 37% of particles ⁇ 74pm and 75% ⁇ 215pm.
- the ore was transferred to a 1 .3L cell of a flotation machine and filled up to the mark with water.
- the water used in flotation was a synthetic made process water that contain 600 ppm Ca 2+ and 1600 ppm SO 4 2 '.
- the ore slurry was conditioned with 7000 g/t H3PO4 (30 sec) and 1000 g/t of carbonate collector (2 min). After that the carbonate flotation was performed during 2 min. Further, the pH of the pulp was adjusted to 7 using 10% Na2COs.
- Example 4 Flotation tests - Direct flotation of spodumene
- collector composition disclosed herein is effective in the beneficiation of non-sulfidic ores in general (i.e., show that the improvement is not limited only to the beneficiation of phosphate ore) a further flotation was performed on a non-sulfidic siliceous lithium ore.
- siliceous lithium ore containing spodumene as the main Li-bearing mineral with a Li2O grade in the feed of 2.107% was used for flotation.
- the gangue minerals in this feed were mica, quartz, albite, muscovite, microcline, kaolinite.
- the ore contained 80% of particles ⁇ 150 pm.
- the ore was transferred to a 0.5L cell of a flotation machine and filled up to the mark with water. Tap water was used for flotation.
- the ore slurry was conditioned with 200 g/t of sodium carbonate and 500 g/t of the collector composition (2 and 6 min, respectively). Further, the spodumene rougher flotation was performed during 2 min. Fractions coming from flotation were dried in the oven, weighed, and analyzed by means of peroxide fusion with an AAS finish.
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- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
Abstract
The present disclosure is directed to collector compositions derived from cashew nutshell liquid for use in the beneficiation of non-sulfidic minerals or non-sulfidic ores.
Description
BENEFICIATION PROCESS FOR NON-SULFIDIC MINERALS OR ORES
Field of the Invention
The present disclosure relates to a beneficiation process for non-sulfidic minerals or ores, and to a collector composition for use in said process.
Background
Froth flotation is a physico-chemical process used to separate mineral particles considered economically valuable from those considered waste. It is based on the ability of air bubbles to selectively attach to those particles that were previously rendered hydrophobic. The particlebubble combinations then rise to the froth phase from where the flotation cell is discharged, whilst the hydrophilic particles remain in the flotation cell. Particle hydrophobicity is, in turn, induced by special chemicals called collectors. In direct flotation systems, it is the economically valuable minerals which are rendered hydrophobic by the action of the collector. Similarly, in reverse flotation systems, the collector renders hydrophobicity to those mineral particles considered waste. The efficiency of the separation process is quantified in terms of recovery and grade. Recovery refers to the percentage of valuable product contained in the ore that is removed into the concentrate stream after flotation. Grade refers to the percentage of the economically valuable product in the concentrate after flotation. A higher value of recovery or grade indicates a more efficient flotation system.
Considering the beneficiation of phosphate, the general requirement for fertilizer industry is the phosphate concentrate with P2O5 grade higher than 30% and recovery of >85-90%. The flotation of phosphate allows to reduce to minimal values the content of following gangue minerals: quartz, clay, feldspar, calcite, magnetite, dolomite etc. The applicable flotation method is affected by the nature of the phosphate ore.
The direct flotation is commonly applied for the igneous/magmatic apatite phosphate ores with generally low P2O5 feed grade (5-10%) and the valuable apatite phosphate concentrate is separated with the froth. Meanwhile, the reversed flotation is used for the sedimentary phosphate ores with generally higher P2O5 feed grade. In the latter case the impurities are separated from the phosphate concentrate with the froth whereas the valuable phosphate concentrate is resided in the cell tailings product. In some cases, the direct flotation can be also used to float phosphorous-containing minerals from sedimentary phosphates. Anionic collectors can be used in both mentioned cases: for the direct flotation of apatite/phosphate
from igneous or sedimentary phosphate ores and for flotation of calcite, dolomite, and other carbonaceous impurities from sedimentary phosphate ores, respectively. The process of phosphate flotation generally includes following stages: ore classification, ore grinding, pulp conditioning with reagents and further flotation.
The flotation of slime impurities is commonly applied in the beneficiation processes of potash. Both anionic and nonionic collectors can be used in slime flotation, which is commonly performed prior to the flotation of potash. Further the direct flotation of KCI and NaCI is performed for sylvite and halite ores, respectively. Slimes are undesirable in KCI or NaCI flotation stages since they cause elevated consumption of potash collectors and decrease the purity of concentrate. Commonly, slimes contain 2/3 of clay minerals (dolomite, anhydrite, hematite, silica) and 1/3 clay (chlorite, Illite). The content of slimes in the flotation feed commonly varies between 1 and 6%. The process of potash slime flotation generally includes following stages: ore classification, ore grinding, pulp conditioning with reagents and further the flotation desliming.
WO 2019/007712 A1 and WO2019/007714 A1 , respectively, disclose a process to treat carbonatitic or siliceous non-sulfidic ores with a collector composition that comprises a phosphate compound of the formula:
wherein R is linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, A is an alkylene oxide unit; Y is H, Na, K or an ammonium or alkylated ammonium, n is 1 - 3, p is 0 - 25, X is chosen from the same groups as R-Ap or Y. These processes have been shown to provide the required grade of separation of the desired product from the ore and an improvement in recovery and selectivity.
A problem with the processes of WO 2019/007712 A1 and WO2019/007714 A1 however, is that they use synthetic non-renewable alcohols to prepare the collector compositions.
An alternative process for recovering phosphates from phosphate ores is described in RU2717862C1 . Here, a collector containing ethoxylated derivatives of cashew nutshell liquid
(CNSL) having a degree of ethoxylation from 1 to 100 is used. Likewise, RU2744327C1 , discloses flotation desliming of potash ores using a collector containing propoxylated Cardanol (part of CNSL) having a degree of propoxylation from 10 to 70, or a mixture of propoxylated Cardanol and ethoxylated Cardanol having a degree of ethoxylation and propoxylation from 10 to 70.
There is a continued need for sustainable flotation systems that are more efficient in separating desired components and impurities.
Detailed Description
It has now been found that collector compositions comprising anionic, cationic, and/or amphoteric (i.e., charge-containing) derivatives of CNSL meet this need. Accordingly, the present disclosure relates to a beneficiation process for non-sulfidic minerals or ores, the process comprising contacting said non-sulfidic minerals or ores with a collector composition comprising:
Ri is a saturated or unsaturated, linear C15 alkyl,
R2 is selected from H, -C(O)OH, -C(O)-Ap-OH, or -C(O)-Ap-O-Z, preferably H,
-C(O)OH, or -C(O)-Ap-OH
Rs is selected from -OH, -O-Z, -Ap-OH, or -Ap-O-Z,
R4 is selected from H or -CH3,
Rs is selected from H, -OH, -O-Z, -Ap-OH, or -Ap-O-Z,
A is an alkylene oxide unit, preferably an ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide unit, more preferably an ethylene oxide unit, p is 1 - 30, preferably 2-15, more preferably 3-12, and
Z is an anionic moiety, a cationic moiety, or an amphoteric moiety,
with the proviso that the compound of formula (I) comprises at least one Z group; and
(ii) optionally one or more surfactants. For the avoidance of doubt, a “beneficiation process” is a process that improves (benefits) the economic value of the mineral or ore by removing undesired impurities/valueless material (more commonly referred to as “gangue”). That results in a higher-grade product (concentrate), usually with high levels of product recovery, and produces a waste stream (tailings). This is a well-established term of the mining industry, the meaning of which would be well understood by a person skilled in this technical field.
The compounds of formula (I) are preferably derived from four components of cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL): anacardic acid [A], cardol [B], cardanol [C] and/or methylcardol [D]:
The R’ group is typically a mixture of saturated, monoene, diene and triene linear C15 alkyls, such as (but not necessarily limited to):
CNSL is a common by-product produced by the cashew industry and is therefore a renewable and sustainable alternative to petrochemically derived alkylaromatic compounds. Natural cold extracted CNSL (C-CNSL) contains 60-75% anacardic acid, 15-25% cardol, 3-5% Cardanol and 1 -2% methylcardol, respectively. In alternative, technical CNSL (T-CNSL) can be obtained by a heat extraction process where anacardic acid is converted to Cardanol. After removal of undesirable polymeric materials, T-CNSL generally contains >75% Cardanol and ~4-8% cardol. The production of T-CNSL has been practiced for decades.
It is therefore preferable for the one or more compounds of formula (I) to be anionic, cationic, or amphoteric derivatives of anacardic acid, cardol, cardanol and/or methylcardol, wherein the anacardic acid, cardol, cardanol and/or methylcardol are preferably obtained from CNSL.
More preferably, the one or more compounds of formula (I) are anionic, cationic, or amphoteric derivatives of cardanol, cardol and/or methylcardol, wherein the cardanol, cardol and/or methylcardol are preferably obtained from T-CNSL.
Accordingly, in a preferred embodiment, the collector composition comprises one or more compounds of formula (la):
wherein:
Ri is a saturated or unsaturated, linear C15 alkyl,
Rs is selected from OH, O-Z, Ap-OH, or Ap-O-Z,
R4 is H or CH3,
Rs is selected from H, OH, O-Z, Ap-OH, or Ap-O-Z,
A is an alkylene oxide unit, preferably an ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide unit, more preferably an ethylene oxide unit, p is 1 - 30, preferably 2-15, more preferably 3-12, and
Z is an anionic moiety, a cationic moiety, or an amphoteric moiety, with the proviso that the compound of formula (la) comprises at least one Z group.
More preferably, the collector composition comprises at least one compound of formula (lb):
wherein:
R1 is a saturated or unsaturated, linear C15 alkyl, and
R3 is selected from O-Z or Ap-O-Z, preferably Ap-O-Z,
A is an alkylene oxide unit, preferably an ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide unit, more preferably an ethylene oxide unit, p is 1 - 30, preferably 2-15, more preferably 3-12, and
Z is an anionic moiety, a cationic moiety, or an amphoteric moiety.
Preferably, the compounds of formulae (I), (la) and/or (lb) are anionic, cationic or amphoteric derivatives of anacardic acid, cardol, cardanol and methylcardol, wherein the anacardic acid, cardol, cardanol and methylcardol are obtained from CNSL and then derivatized to produce compounds of formulae (I), (la) and/or (lb). More preferably the compounds of formulae (I), (la) and/or (lb) are anionic, cationic or amphoteric derivatives of cardanol, cardol and/or methylcardol, wherein the cardanol, cardol and/or methylcardol are obtained from T-CNSL and then derivatized to produce compounds of formulae (I), (la) and/or (lb). The anacardic acid, cardol, cardanol and/or methylcardol obtained from CNSL or T-CNSL may be directly derivatized as a mixture, or each component may be purified and derivatized separately.
Preferably still, the compounds of formulae (I), (la) and/or (lb) are anionic or amphoteric derivatives of anacardic acid, cardol, cardanol and methylcardol, wherein the anacardic acid, cardol, cardanol and methylcardol are obtained from CNSL and then derivatized to produce compounds of formulae (I), (la) and/or (lb). More preferably the compounds of formulae (I), (la) and/or (lb) are anionic or amphoteric derivatives of cardanol, cardol and/or methylcardol, wherein the cardanol, cardol and/or methylcardol are obtained from T-CNSL and then derivatized to produce compounds of formulae (I), (la) and/or (lb). The anacardic acid, cardol, cardanol and/or methylcardol obtained from CNSL or T-CNSL may be directly derivatized as a mixture, or each component may be purified and derivatized separately.
Preferably still, the compounds of formulae (I), (la) and/or (lb) are anionic derivatives of anacardic acid, cardol, cardanol and methylcardol, wherein the anacardic acid, cardol, cardanol and methylcardol are obtained from CNSL and then derivatized to produce compounds of formulae (I), (la) and/or (lb). More preferably the compounds of formulae (I), (la) and/or (lb) are anionic derivatives of cardanol, cardol and/or methylcardol, wherein the cardanol, cardol and/or methylcardol are obtained from T-CNSL and then derivatized to produce compounds of formulae (I), (la) and/or (lb). The anacardic acid, cardol, cardanol and/or methylcardol obtained from CNSL or T-CNSL may be directly derivatized as a mixture, or each component may be purified and derivatized separately.
The anionic, cationic, or amphoteric moiety Z of formulae (I), (la) and/or (lb) preferably comprise or consist of a phosphate, a pyrophosphate, a polyphosphate, a phosphonate, a phosphinate, a sulfate, a sulfonate, a carboxylic acid, a sulfosuccinate, a sarcosinate, a polysulfate, a polysulfonate, a betaine, a sulfobetaine, an aminocarboxylate, an aminosulfonate, (alkyl)amines, (alkyl)diamines, etheramines, etherdiamines, esteramines, esterdiamines, and quaternary ammonium moieties.
Preferably, the cationic moieties Z comprise or consist of:
• -(CH2)fNH2 (optionally N-ethoxylated or in neutralized form);
• -(CH2)fNH(CH2)fNH2 (optionally N-ethoxylated or in neutralized form);
• esteramines of the formula:
esterdiamines of the formula:
wherein k is a value of 1 to 3, m is an integer of 0 to 25, f is an integer of at least 3 and at most 8, and wherein X is an anion derivable from deprotonating a Bronsted-Lowry acid
The cationic moiety Z may also comprise or consist of polyester polyamines (PEPA) and/or polyester polyquats (PEPQ). These are polymeric components containing multiple amine or quaternary ammonium centres, respectively. Commonly, PEPA and PEPQ are obtained from reaction of an amine, a dicarboxylic acid and a hydrophobic precursor (for example, fatty acid or fatty alcohol). In a preferred embodiment, the cationic moiety Z comprises or consists of a PEPA or PEPQ of the formula:
wherein:
R is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, C2-C20 alkyl;
R2 is either a link point to a compound of formulae (I), (la), or (lb) (i.e., R2-O-Z), or is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, C1 -C20 alkyl;
D is a halogen counterion (preferably Cl’, I’, Br or F ) or an organic counterion (preferably sulfate, sulfonate, phosphate, phosphonate, carboxylate with C1 -C10 alkyl); p is 0 or 1 ; n is 1 to 10;
R3 and R4 are each independently:
For PEPA H, or a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted C1 -C20 alkyl (preferably CH3 or CH2CH2OH),
For PEPQ-. a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted C1 -C20 alkyl (preferably CH3 or CH2CH2OH), with the proviso that at least one R2 is a link point to a compound of formulae (I), (la), or (lb) (i.e., R2-O-Z, which corresponds to an ester of a compound of formulae (I), (la) or (lb) (R2-O) with the PEPA/PEPQ moiety (Z)).
Preferably, Z of formulae (I), (la) and/or (lb) comprises or consists of an anionic moiety or an amphoteric moiety, more preferably an anionic moiety.
Preferred amphoteric moieties Z comprise or consist of a betaine, a sulfobetaine, an aminocarboxylate, and/or an aminosulfonate.
Preferred anionic moieties Z comprise of consist of phosphates (cf. formula [E], below), sulfosuccinates (cf. formula [F], below), sarcosinates (cf. formula [G], below), maleates (cf. formula [H], below), amidocarboxylates (cf. formula [I], below), glycinates (cf. formula [J], below), taurates (cf. formula [K], below), hydroxamates (cf. formula [L], below), and/or sulfonates (cf. formula [N], below).
In a preferred embodiment, the anionic moiety Z of formulae (I), (la) and/or (lb) comprises or consists of a phosphate of formula (II):
wherein: n is 0 - 3, and each X is independently selected from H, a cationic counterion (preferably an alkali(ne) metal cation, ammonium, or an alkyl ammonium), or Y; or when n is 2 or 3, the terminal O-X and a second O-X jointly may be a -O- bridge to give a cyclic phosphate, wherein Y is a compound of formula (III),
wherein:
Re is a saturated or unsaturated, linear C15 alkyl,
R? is selected from H, -C(O)OH, or C(O)-Ap-OH,
Rs is selected from OH or Ap-OH,
R9 is selected from H or CH3,
R10 is selected from H, OH, or Ap-OH,
A is an alkylene oxide unit, preferably an ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide unit, more preferably an ethylene oxide unit, p is 1 - 30, preferably 2-15, more preferably 3-12, wherein at least of one of R7, Rs or Rw contains an OH group that forms a phosphate ester link with the anionic moiety Z of formula (II), with the proviso that at least one X of Formula (II) must be selected from H or a cationic counterion.
Re is a saturated or unsaturated, linear C15 alkyl,
Rs is selected from OH or Ap-OH,
R9 is selected from H or CH3,
R10 is selected from H, OH, or Ap-OH,
A is an alkylene oxide unit, preferably an ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide unit, more preferably an ethylene oxide unit, p is 1 - 30, preferably 2-15, more preferably 3-12, wherein at least of one of Rs or R10 contains an OH group that forms a phosphate ester link with the anionic moiety Z of formula (II).
In a particularly preferred embodiment, the collector composition comprises a mixture of two or more compounds of formulae [IA1], [IA2], [IA3] and/or [IA4]:
Ri is a saturated or unsaturated, linear C15 alkyl,
R2 is selected from C(O)OH, C(O)-Ap-OH, or C(O)-Ap-O-Z, preferably C(O)OH or
C(O)-Ap-OH,
Rs is selected from OH, O-Z, Ap-OH, or Ap-O-Z,
Rs is selected from OH, O-Z, Ap-OH, or Ap-O-Z,
A is an alkylene oxide unit, preferably an ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide unit, more preferably an ethylene oxide unit, p is 1 - 30, preferably 2-15, more preferably 3-12, and
Z is an anionic moiety, a cationic moiety, or an amphoteric moiety, with the proviso that each compound of formulae [IA1], [IA2], [IA3] and [IA4] must each comprise at least one Z group.
Preferably, the collector composition comprises a mixture of compounds of formulae [IA2], [IA3] and [IA4], wherein the weight ratio of [IA3] to the sum of [IA2] and [IA4] (i.e., [I A3]: ([I A2]+[l A4])) is from about 75:25 to >99:1 .
In a more preferred embodiment, the collector composition comprises at least one compound of the formula [IA3].
In a most preferred embodiment, the collector composition comprises at least one compound of formula [IB]:
wherein:
R’ is a saturated or unsaturated, linear C15 alkyl,
A is an alkylene oxide unit, preferably an ethylene oxide unit, p is 0 - 30, preferably 2-15, more preferably 3-12 n is 0 - 3, and each X is independently selected from H, a cationic counterion (preferably an alkali(ne) metal cation, ammonium, or an alkyl ammonium), or Y; or when n is 2 or 3, the terminal O-X and a second O-X jointly may be a -O- bridge to give a cyclic phosphate, wherein Y is a compound of formula (Illa),
wherein:
Re is a saturated or unsaturated, linear C15 alkyl,
Rs is selected from OH or Ap-OH,
Rg is selected from H or CH3,
Rio is selected from H, OH, or Ap-OH,
A is an alkylene oxide unit, preferably an ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide unit, more preferably an ethylene oxide unit,
p is 1 - 30, preferably 2-15, more preferably 3-12, wherein at least of one of Rs or Rw contains an OH group that forms a phosphate ester link with phosphate group of formula [IB], with the proviso that at least one X must be selected from H or a cationic counterion.
The cationic counterion X may be any suitable cationic counterion that forms a stable phosphate salt. Preferred cationic counterions in that respect include, but are not limited to, Na, K, Ca, Mg, and ammonium cations of the formula NRaRbRcRd, wherein Ra, Rb, Rc and Rd are each independently selected from H or C1 -C12 alkyl. Preferably, the cationic counterion is Na, K or NRaRbRcRd-
For the avoidance of doubt, the A unit as used herein is an alkylene oxide ether. Such alkoxylated products may be produced by procedures well-known in the art by reacting a free OH group with one or more alkylene oxides (e.g., ethylene oxide) in the presence of a suitable catalyst, e.g. a conventional basic catalyst, such as KOH, or a so-called narrow range catalyst (see e.g. Nonionic Surfactants: Organic Chemistry in Surfactant Science Series volume 72, 1998, pp 1 -37 and 87-107, edited by Nico M. van Os; Marcel Dekker, Inc):
Finally, and again for the avoidance of any doubt, it should be understood that “p” in the “Ap” group corresponds to the number of moles of alkylene oxide that was added per mole of alcohol in the alkoxylation reaction. This is the commonly accepted and well understood meaning of this term, because the alkoxylation reaction normally produces a distribution of alkoxylated products (this can be observed, e.g., in WO 2021/140166). Thus, “p” is defined as the molar equivalents of alkylene oxide added per mole of alcohol in the alkoxylation reaction (this is also referred to as the “degree of alkoxylation”). For example, in the below worked example, 10 molar equivalents of ethylene oxide was reacted with the alcohol, hence in the below worked example “p” is 10 (i.e., the cardanol has a degree of ethoxylation of 10).
(ii) optional surfactants
In addition to the above compounds, the collector compositions of the present invention may comprise one or more surfactants. It should be understood, however, that the compounds
described above may be successfully used in flotation methods without necessarily requiring an additional surfactant. For the avoidance of any doubt, it should be understood that the optional component (ii) of the collector composition disclosed herein is different to that of component (i), and most preferably not a compound of formula (I).
The optional surfactant(s) (ii) is not particularly limited, and may be cationic, anionic, non-ionic, amphoteric, or a mixture of two or more of these. Below some examples are given, but these should only be considered as suitable for the invention and are not to be regarded as limiting.
Suitable amphoteric surfactants include, but are not limited to, those of the formula [C]:
wherein Ri is a hydrocarbyl group with 8-22, preferably 12-18, carbon atoms; A is an alkyleneoxy group having 2-4, preferably 2, carbon atoms; p is a number 0 or 1 ; q is a number from 0 to 5, preferably 0; R2 is a hydrocarbyl group having 1 -4 carbon atoms, preferably 1 , or R2 is the group
wherein R1, A, p and q have the same meaning as above; Y- is selected from the group consisting of COO" and SOs", preferably COO-; n is a number 1 or 2, preferably 1 ; M is a cation, which may be monovalent or divalent, and inorganic or organic, and r is a number 1 or 2. The amphoteric surfactant of formula [C] may also be used in its acid form, where the nitrogen is protonated and no external cation is needed. The compounds according to formula [C] can easily be produced in high yield from commercially available starting materials using known procedures. US 4,358,368 discloses some ways to produce the compounds where R1 is a hydrocarbyl group with 8-22 carbon atoms (col 6, line 9 - col 7, line 52), and in US 4,828,687 (col 2, line 2 - col 2, line 31 ) compounds where R2 is
attached to the compound of formula [C] via the methylene group, are described.
Further suitable amphoteric surfactants have the formula [D]:
wherein R2 is a hydrocarbyl group with 8-22, preferably 12-18, carbon atoms, D is - CH2- or - CH2CH2-, k is 0-4, preferably 0-3, and most preferably 0-2, and M is hydrogen or a cation, such as sodium or potassium. These products are well known and are produced commercially by methods well known in the art. The products where D is -CH2- are prepared by the reaction between a fatty amine and chloroacetic acid or its salts, and the products where D is -CH2CH2- are prepared by the reaction between a fatty amine and acrylic acid or esters thereof, in the latter case the reaction is followed by hydrolysis.
Suitable anionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, fatty acids (such as those with an
C8 to C22 acyl group), alkylphosphates, such as those of formula [E],
alkylsulfosuccinates, such as those of formula [F],
alkylsarcosinates, such as those of formula [G],
alkylmaleates, such as those of formula [H],
alkylamidocarboxylates, such as those of formula [I],
alkylglycinates, such as those of formula [J],
alkyltaurates, such as those of formula [K],
alkylhydroxamates, such as those of formula [L], wherein for each of formulae [
R is linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms;
A is an alkylene oxide unit;
Y is H, Na, K or an ammonium or alkylated ammonium; p is 0 - 25;
X is chosen from the same groups as R-Ap or Y; m is 0-7;
B is -H, -CH3, - CH(CH3)2, -CH2 CH(CH3)2, -CH(CH3)CH2CH3;
Z is -H, -CH3 or -CH2CH3; and
D is an alkaline metal counterion, preferably Na+, K+, Ca2+, or Mg2+.
Esters of the above alkylamidocarboxylates are also contemplated (preferably following the formula [I] of the alkylamidocarboxylates compounds, wherein Y is an alcohol derived hydrocarbon group, such as also described in US20160129456),
Further examples of suitable anionic surfactants include sulphonated fatty acids, alkylbenzensulphonates, such as those of formula [M],
and alkylsulfonates, such as those of formula [N],
wherein in formulae [M] and [N]:
R is linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms; and
Y is H, Na, K or an ammonium or alkylated ammonium.
Suitable nonionic surfactants include alkoxylates (such as alkoxylated fatty alcohols RO(A)H, alkoxylated fatty acids RC(O)O(A)H), or alkyl glycosides (e.g., R^OeHn ), or alkylethanolamides, such as those of the formulae [O] or [P],
wherein R is linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms; A is an alkylene oxide unit; Y is H, Na, K or an ammonium or alkylated ammonium; Z is -H, -CH3 or -CH2CH3; f is 1 -25, preferably f is 1 -15, and most preferable 1 -10 and each f is independently 1 to 25; k is 1 or more, preferably about 1 -5. Further suitable nonionic surfactants include ethoxylated and/or propoxylated derivatives of anacardic acid [A], cardol [B], cardanol [C] and/or methylcardol [D], preferably ethoxylated and/or propoxylated derivatives of cardol [B], cardanol [C] and/or methylcardol [D],
Suitable cationic surfactants include, but are not limited to, fatty amines (preferably C8-C22, linear or branched alkyamines), fatty diamines (preferably C8-C22, linear or branched), alkyl etheramines (preferably C8-C22, linear or branched alky etheramines), alkyl etherdiamines (preferably C8-C22, linear or branched alkyl etherdiamines), alkyl esteramines (preferably C8- C22, linear or branched alkyl esteramines), quaternary ammonium surfactants, polyester polyamines (PEPA), and polyester polyquats (PEPQ).
The terms PEPA or PEPQ are related to polymeric components containing multiple amine or quaternary ammonium centres, respectively. Commonly, PEPA and PEPQ are obtained from reaction of an amine, dicarboxylic acid and hydrophobic precursor (for example, fatty acid or fatty alcohol). Preferred PEPA and PEPQ cationic surfactants include, but are not limited to:
wherein:
R is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, C2-C20 alkyl;
R2 is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, C1 -C20 alkyl;
D is a halogen counterion (preferably Cl’, I’, Br or F ) or an organic counterion (preferably sulfate, sulfonate, phosphate, phosphonate, carboxylate with C1 -C10 alkyl); p is 0 or 1 ; n is 1 to 10;
R3 and R4 are each independently:
For PEPA H, or a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted C1 -C20 alkyl (preferably CH3 or CH2CH2OH),
For PEPQ-. a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted C1 -C20 alkyl (preferably CH3 or CH2CH2OH).
R is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, C1 -C20 alkyl;
R’ is H or C(O)R;
R” is -CH2CH2N(CH3)2CH2CH2-; n is 1 to 10; m is 0 to 2; and k is 1 to 6.
Anionic and nonionic surfactants, such as those detailed above, are preferred. The collector composition disclosed herein may comprise a mixture of two or more anionic and/or nonionic surfactants.
For embodiments of the collector composition of the present disclosure that comprise one or more surfactants (ii), the weight ratio of component (ii) to component (i) in the collector composition is preferably from about 15:85 to 99:1 , preferably about 20:80 to 98:2, preferably about 25:75 to 97:3.
Preferably, the collector composition of the present disclosure comprises component (i) and optional component (ii) in a total amount of about 15 wt.% to about 100 wt.% (relative to the total weight of the collector composition), preferably in the above weight ratio (ii) to (i).
The collector compositions described above may further comprise a solvent. Preferred solvents include, but are not limited to, water, isopropyl alcohol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, hydrocarbon oils, C6-C18 alcohols, and mixtures thereof. If a solvent is used, then the collector composition preferably comprises at least 50 wt.%, more preferably at least 60 wt.%, more preferably at least 70wt.%, and most preferably at least 75 wt.% of the solvent (relative to the total weight of the collector composition).
Preferably, the beneficiation process disclosed herein is a flotation method, preferably a froth flotation method.
Non-sulfidic minerals and ores that may benefit from the presently disclosed process include, but are not necessarily limited to, phosphate-containing minerals and ores (including dephosphorization of iron ore), minerals and ores comprising silicate minerals (such as, but not limited to, lithium and/or magnesium silicate minerals, siliceous phosphate ores, siliceous iron ores), and/or minerals and ores comprising carbonates (such as, but not limited to, calcite, carbonatitic phosphate ores). Non-limiting examples of such minerals and ores include potash, phosphate ores (apatite ores, sedimentary phosphate rock, phosphorite), calcites, iron ores (magnetite, hematite, itabirite, goethite), magnesite, spodumene, wollastonite, fluorite, chromite, dolomite, ilmenite, forsterite, nepheline, pyrochlore, rutile, zircon, olivine, scheelite.
The process of the present disclosure is particularly suitable for treating (1 ) apatite ores (direct flotation of apatite), (2) sedimentary phosphate ores (direct flotation of sedimentary phosphate rock or direct flotation of carbonate impurities - i.e., in the latter case, reversed flotation of sedimentary phosphate rock) and (3) potash ores (i.e., slime flotation from potash ores). The process is also particularly suitable for the dephosphorization of iron ore, silicates flotation from iron ore, and silicates flotation from sedimentary phosphate ore.
It was found that the use of a collector composition comprising component (i) improved the P2O5 recovery and grade in the three abovementioned processes (1 ) direct flotation of apatite and (2) direct flotation of sedimentary phosphate rock and (3) reversed flotation of sedimentary phosphate rock (i.e. direct flotation of carbonate impurities from sedimentary phosphate). In addition, the use of a collector composition comprising component (i) improved the slime
flotation from potash. In addition, CNSL components are not estrogenic materials and have better environmental profile comparing to the common nonylphenol ethoxylates if used in these applications. In addition, CNSL components are based on the renewable raw material source. Overall, the collector composition of the present disclosure provides numerous technical and environmental advantages over the previously known collector compositions.
For flotation of igneous or sedimentary phosphates, the collector composition may comprise component (i) only, or may comprise component (i) in combination with one or more surfactant (ii) (most common for this particular application would be a fatty acid). Advantageously, the simultaneous presence of compounds (i) and (ii) or so to say the balance between the two compounds allows to reach the optimal recovery and grade of P2O5. In a preferred embodiment “p” is between 0 and 30, more preferably 5 and 15, yet even more preferably between 8 and 12.
For the reversed phosphate flotation of sedimentary phosphate, the collector composition may comprise component (i) only, or may comprise component (i) in combination with one or more surfactants (ii) (most common for this particular application would be alkyl etheramines) and the balance between the two compounds allows to reach the optimal recovery and grade of P2O5 in the bottom concentrate product. In a preferred embodiment “p” is between 0 and 30, more preferably 2 and 10, yet even more preferably between 3 and 8.
For the slime flotation from potash, the collector composition may comprise component (i) only, or may comprise component (i) in combination with one or more surfactants (ii) (most common for this particular application would be alcohol ethoxylate phosphate ester, ethoxylated or propoxylated fatty alcohol, ethoxylated fatty amine, all C8-C22 linear or branched). By means of the novel component (i) slimes can be efficiently floated from the potash concentrate product, which stay in the flotation tails. In a preferred embodiment “p” is between 0 and 30, more preferably 2 and 10, yet even more preferably between 3 and 8.
The amount of collector composition added to the ore will in general be in the range of from about 10 to about 1000 g/ton dry ore, preferably in the range of from about 20 to about 500 g/ton dry ore, more preferably from about 100 to about 400 g/ton dry ore.
Other additives can be also involved in the flotation process together with the collector composition of the current invention. These reagents can be added either at the same time or, preferably, separately during the process and can include depressants, such as a polysaccharide, alkalized starch or dextrin, extender oils, frothers/froth regulators, such as
pine oil, MIBC (methylisobutyl carbinol) and alcohols such as hexanol and alcohol ethoxylates/propoxylates, inorganic dispersants, such as silicate of sodium (water glass) and soda ash, and pH-regulators.
The process to treat ores according to the present disclosure preferably comprises the steps of:
- conditioning of the mixture of a pulped mineral ore under stirring in aqueous solution.
- adding a flotation depressant, flotation activator or flocculant to the mixture with further conditioning (optional).
- adjusting the pH of the mixture with further conditioning (optional). adding the collector composition of the invention with further conditioning.
- adding a frother to the mixture with further conditioning (optional). performing a froth flotation by introducing air into the mixture. The froth is skimmed off to recover targeted minerals.
Such process steps are well known to persons skilled in the art of mineral ore flotation.
It is noted that various elements of the present invention, including but not limited to preferred ranges for the various parameters, can be combined unless they are mutually exclusive.
The invention will be elucidated by the following examples without being limited thereto or thereby.
Examples
Example 1 : Synthesis of phosphate ester of ethoxylated Cardanol
A sample of T-CNSL was obtained and was found to consist primarily of Cardanol (96. 2 wt- %), with minor amounts of Cardol (3.1 wt-%) and Methyl Cardol (0.7 wt-%) also being present.
T-CNSL (Cardanol, 425.0g, 1.41 moles, Mw = 301 .0 eq/g) and KOH (3.0g of 45 % aq. solution) were charged to a Parr reactor (2L). The reactor was heated at 120eC for 1 ,5h under N2 sparge to reduce water content to 0.04 wt. %. The reactor was then heated to 130eC and 622 g (14.12 moles) of ethylene oxide were fed gradually to not exceed the reactor pressure of 55 psig. After ethylene oxide addition was completed, the post-reaction was carried out for 1 .5 hours at 130eC until the pressure in the reactor stabilized. Then the reaction mixture was cooled to 80eC and material was discharged.
Cardanol ethoxylate (T-CNSL+10EO) (1000 g, 1.35 moles, Mw = 741.5 g/mole) was placed into 2 L glass flask and heated at 60eC for 1 h under N2 sparge. Then polyphosphoric acid (126.65 g, 1.06 moles) was added over a period of 0.5h, keeping the temperature of the reaction mixture at 65eC. The reaction was carried out at 65eC for additional 4h.
Then P2O5 (49.12 g, 0.346 moles, Mw = 142.0 g/mole) was added over 0.5h at 60-65eC. Thereafter the temperature was increased to 75eC and the reaction was carried out for 4h more. After the reaction was completed, 14.81 g of deionized water was added and unreacted P2O5 and polyphosphoric acid were hydrolysed keeping the reaction mixture at 90eC for 3h. Then the reaction was cooled to 75eC and the product was discharged. Monoalkylphosphate:dialkylphosphate ratio of this compound was 4.1 (determined by 31 P
[dialkylphosphate]
500 g of an igneous phosphate ore containing 42% apatite, 38% nepheline, 5% aegirine, 3% feldspar and 2% sphene was ground in a rod mill with 500 g of synthetic process water and 6.2 kg of stainless-steel rods (grinding to 70% -160pm - i.e. a granulometry of 70% through a 160 micron mesh). The ore/water slurry was transferred to a 1.3L cell of a flotation machine and conditioned with 200 g/t of sodium silicate solution (2 min) and 100 g/t of the collector
blend (containing 40 wt% of tested component and 60 wt% of tall oil fatty acid) (1 min). The conditioning was performed at a rotor speed of 1000 min 1.
The Rougher - Cleaner 1 - Cleaner 2 flotation set was performed during 4, 3 and 2 min, respectively (at a rotor speed 1000 min 1 and an air flow of 3.0 L/min). Fractions coming from flotation were dried in the oven, weighed, and analyzed by means of XRF analysis. Recovery and Grade values were received.
Tested reagents:
• Alkylphosphate ester with C16-C18 alkyl chain having a degree of ethoxylation of 4 (40 wt-%) and tall oil fatty acid sodium salt (60 wt-%) [comparative].
• Alkylphosphate ester with C16-C18 alkyl chain having a degree of ethoxylation of 10 (40 wt-%) and tall oil fatty acid sodium salt (60 wt-%) [comparative].
• Ethoxylate of Example 1 without phosphate ester (40 wt-%) and tall oil fatty acid sodium salt (60 wt-%) [comparative].
• Phosphate ester of Example 1 (40 wt-%) and tall oil fatty acid sodium salt (60 wt-%) [inventive].
The results are shown in Figure 1.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
Figure 1. Improved recovery of apatite in direct flotation with anionic Cardanol ethoxylate phosphate ester (bottom points represent rougher flotation, middle and top points represent Cleaner 1 and Cleaner 2, respectively).
A surprising finding was that P2O5 recovery was improved by 3.5% and grade by 0.5% using phosphate ester of Example 1 compared to a phosphate ester based on a linear alcohol with 4 EO and with 10 EO (the linear alcohol-based phosphate esters are currently used in the industry).
Furthermore, the anionic Cardanol phosphate ester of Example 1 substantially outperformed the nonionic equivalent (cf. RU2717862C1 ) - P2O5 recovery was improved by 9.5% and the grade of P2O5 was 0.2% higher.
Example 3: Flotation tests - direct flotation of carbonates from sedimentary phosphate
320 g of the sedimentary phosphate ore containing 19.0% P2O5 and 8.0% SiO2 was used for flotation. The ore contained 37% of particles <74pm and 75% <215pm. The ore was transferred to a 1 .3L cell of a flotation machine and filled up to the mark with water. The water used in flotation was a synthetic made process water that contain 600 ppm Ca2+ and 1600 ppm SO4 2'. The ore slurry was conditioned with 7000 g/t H3PO4 (30 sec) and 1000 g/t of carbonate collector (2 min). After that the carbonate flotation was performed during 2 min. Further, the pH of the pulp was adjusted to 7 using 10% Na2COs. 1000 g/t of isotridecyl alkylethermonoamine acetate was added to the pulp and conditioning was carried out for 1 min. At the next step the silicate flotation was performed (2 min). All flotation steps were performed at 800 min-1 and 3.5 L/min air. Fractions coming from flotation were dried in the oven, weighed, and analyzed by means of XRF analysis.
Tested reagents (carbonate flotation):
• Nonionic Cardanol derivative having a degree of ethoxylation of 10 (comparative).
• Anionic phosphate ester of Example 1 (inventive).
The results are shown in Table 1. The nonionic Cardanol ethoxylate resulted in no improvement in P2O5 grade after the flotation. Conversely, the anionic phosphate ester of Example 1 improved the P2O5 grade; the flotation of carbonates with the phosphate ester of ethoxylated Cardanol was more selective since the final grade of P2O5 was improved.
Table 1. Improved performance in reversed flotation of sedimentary phosphate with Cardanol ethoxylate phosphate ester 10 EO.
Example 4: Flotation tests - Direct flotation of spodumene
To demonstrate that the collector composition disclosed herein is effective in the beneficiation of non-sulfidic ores in general (i.e., show that the improvement is not limited only to the beneficiation of phosphate ore) a further flotation was performed on a non-sulfidic siliceous lithium ore.
100 g of siliceous lithium ore containing spodumene as the main Li-bearing mineral with a Li2O grade in the feed of 2.107% was used for flotation. The gangue minerals in this feed were mica, quartz, albite, muscovite, microcline, kaolinite. The ore contained 80% of particles <150 pm. The ore was transferred to a 0.5L cell of a flotation machine and filled up to the mark with water. Tap water was used for flotation. The ore slurry was conditioned with 200 g/t of sodium carbonate and 500 g/t of the collector composition (2 and 6 min, respectively). Further, the spodumene rougher flotation was performed during 2 min. Fractions coming from flotation were dried in the oven, weighed, and analyzed by means of peroxide fusion with an AAS finish.
Tested collector compositions:
- Tall oil fatty acid;
- Linear C16-C18 alkylphosphate ester 4EO + Tall oil fatty acid (30:70);
- Cardanol ethoxylate phosphate 10 EO (Example 1 ) + Tall oil fatty acid (30:70).
The results are shown in Fig. 2. The anionic phosphate ester of cardanol when used together with tall oil fatty acid improved the Li2O recovery by 19% whereas the linear C16-C18 alkylphosphate ester resulted only in 15.7% recovery improvement. These results prove that the collector composition disclosed herein improved recovery of Li2O in direct flotation with anionic cardanol ethoxylate phosphate ester.
Figure 2. Improved recovery of U2O in direct flotation with anionic cardanol ethoxylate phosphate ester.
In this specification, unless expressly otherwise indicated, the word ‘or’ is used in the sense of an operator that returns a true value when either or both of the stated conditions is met, as opposed to the operator ‘exclusive or’ which requires that only one of the conditions is met. The word ‘comprising’ is used in the sense of ‘including’ rather than to mean ‘consisting of’. All prior teachings acknowledged above are hereby incorporated by reference. No acknowledgement of any prior published document herein should be taken to be an admission or representation that the teaching thereof was common general knowledge in Europe or elsewhere at the date hereof.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
Claims
1. A beneficiation process for non-sulfidic minerals or non-sulfidic ores, the process comprising contacting said non-sulfidic minerals or ores with a collector composition comprising:
Ri is a saturated or unsaturated, linear C15 alkyl,
R2 is selected from H, -C(O)OH, C(O)-Ap-OH, or C(O)-Ap-O-Z,
Rs is selected from OH, O-Z, Ap-OH, or Ap-O-Z,
R4 is selected from H or CH3,
Rs is selected from H, OH, O-Z, Ap-OH, or Ap-O-Z,
A is an alkylene oxide unit, p is 1 - 30, and
Z is an anionic moiety, a cationic moiety, or an amphoteric moiety, with the proviso that the compound of formula (I) comprises at least one Z group; and
(ii) optionally, one or more surfactants.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the one or more compounds of formula (I) are selected from compounds of formula (la):
wherein:
Ri is a saturated or unsaturated, linear C15 alkyl,
Rs is selected from OH, O-Z, Ap-OH, or Ap-O-Z,
R4 is H or CH3,
Rs is selected from H, OH, O-Z, Ap-OH, or Ap-O-Z,
A is an alkylene oxide unit, p is 1 - 30, and
Z is an anionic moiety, a cationic moiety, or an amphoteric moiety, with the proviso that the compound of formula (la) comprises at least one Z group.
3. The process of claims 1 or 2, wherein the one or more compounds of formula (I) comprises at least one compound of formula (lb):
wherein:
R1 is a saturated or unsaturated, linear C15 alkyl, and
R3 is selected from O-Z or Ap-O-Z,
A is an alkylene oxide unit, p is 1 - 30, and
Z is an anionic moiety, a cationic moiety, or an amphoteric moiety.
4. The process of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the anionic, cationic, or amphoteric moiety Z of formulae (I), (la) and/or (lb) comprises or consists of a phosphate, a pyrophosphate, a polyphosphate, a phosphonate, a phosphinate, a sulfate, a sulfonate, a carboxylic acid, a sulfosuccinate, a sarcosinate, a glycinate, a polysulfate, a polysulfonate, a betaine, a sulfobetaine, an aminocarboxylate, an aminosulfonate, (alkyl)amines, (alkyl)diamines, etheramines, etherdiamines, esteramines, esterdiamines, and quaternary ammonium moieties.
5. The process of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein Z of formulae (I), (la) and/or (lb) is an anionic moiety or an amphoteric moiety, preferably an anionic moiety.
6. The process of claim 5, wherein anionic moiety Z of formulae (I), (la) and/or (lb) comprises or consists of a phosphate of formula (II):
wherein: n is 0 - 3, and each X is independently selected from H, a cationic counterion (preferably an alkali(ne) metal cation, ammonium, or an alkyl ammonium), or Y; or when n is 2 or 3, the terminal O-X and a second O-X jointly may be a -O- bridge to give a cyclic phosphate, wherein Y is a compound of formula (III),
wherein:
Re is a saturated or unsaturated, linear C15 alkyl,
R7 is selected from H, -C(O)OH, or C(O)-Ap-OH,
Rs is selected from OH or Ap-OH,
Rg is selected from H or CH3,
Rio is selected from H, OH, or Ap-OH,
A is an alkylene oxide unit, p is 1 - 30, wherein at least of one of R7, Rs or Rw contains an OH group that forms a phosphate ester link with the anionic moiety Z of formula (II), with the proviso that at least one X of Formula (II) must be selected from H or a cationic counterion.
7. The process of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the one or more compounds of formula (I) comprises at least one compound of formula [IB]:
wherein:
R’ is a saturated or unsaturated, linear C15 alkyl,
A is an alkylene oxide unit, p is 0 - 30, n is 0 - 3, and each X is independently selected from H, a cationic counterion (preferably an alkali(ne) metal cation, ammonium, or an alkyl ammonium), or Y; or when n is 2 or 3, the terminal O-X and a second O-X jointly may be a -O- bridge to give a cyclic phosphate, wherein Y is a compound of formula (Illa),
wherein:
Re is a saturated or unsaturated, linear C15 alkyl,
Rs is selected from OH or Ap-OH,
Rg is selected from H or CH3,
Rio is selected from H, OH, or Ap-OH,
A is an alkylene oxide unit, and p is 1 - 30,
wherein at least of one of Rs or R10 contains an OH group that forms a phosphate ester link with phosphate group of formula [IB], with the proviso that at least one X must be selected from H or a cationic counterion.
8. The process of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the collector composition comprises one or more surfactants (ii) selected from cationic, anionic, non-ionic and/or amphoteric surfactants.
9. The process of claim 8, wherein the collector composition comprises one of more surfactants (ii) selected from: a) anionic surfactants selected from fatty acids, alkylphosphates, alkylsulfosuccinates, alkylsarcosinates, alkylglycinates, alkyltaurates, alkylmaleates, alkylamidocarboxylates and esters thereof, alkylhydroxamates, sulphonated fatty acids, alkylbenzensulphonates, or alkylsulfonates; b) amphoteric surfactants selected from those of formula [C]:
wherein R1 is a hydrocarbyl group with 8-22, preferably 12-18, carbon atoms; A is an alkyleneoxy group having 2-4, preferably 2, carbon atoms; p is a number 0 or 1 ; q is a number from 0 to 5, preferably 0; R2 is a hydrocarbyl group having 1 -4 carbon atoms, preferably 1 , or R2 is the group
wherein Ri, A, p and q have the same meaning as above; Y" is selected from the group consisting of COO" and SOs", preferably COO-; n is a number 1 or 2, preferably 1 ; M is a cation, which may be monovalent or divalent, and inorganic or organic, and r is a number 1 or 2;
or amphoteric surfactants selected from those of formula [D]:
wherein R2 is a hydrocarbyl group with 8-22, preferably 12-18, carbon atoms, D is - CH2- or -CH2CH2-, k is 0-4, preferably 0-3, and most preferably 0-2, and M is hydrogen or a cation, such as sodium or potassium c) nonionic surfactants selected from alkoxylates, alkyl glycosides, or alkylethanolamides; d) cationic surfactants selected from fatty amines, fatty diamines, alkyl etheramines, alkyl etherdiamines, alkyl esteramines, quaternary ammonium surfactants, polyester polyamines (PEPA), or polyester polyquats (PEPQ).
10. The process of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the collector composition comprises one or more surfactants (ii), and wherein the weight ratio of component (ii) to component (i) in the collector composition is from about 15:85 to 99:1 .
11. The process of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the collector composition further comprises a solvent.
12. The process of any one of claims 1 to 11 , wherein the process is a froth flotation process.
13. The process of any one of claims 1 -12, wherein the non-sulfidic minerals or ores comprise phosphate-containing non-sulfidic minerals or ores, carbonatitic non-sulfidic minerals or ores, and/or siliceous non-sulfidic minerals or ores, preferably selected from potash, phosphate ores (apatite ores, sedimentary phosphate rock, phosphorite), calcites, iron ores (magnetite, hematite, itabirite, goethite), magnesite, spodumene, wollastonite, fluorite,
chromite, dolomite, ilmenite, forsterite, nepheline, pyrochlore, rutile, zircon, olivine, or scheelite.
14. A collector composition comprising:
Ri is a saturated or unsaturated, linear C15 alkyl,
R2 is selected from H, -C(O)OH, C(O)-Ap-OH, or C(O)-Ap-O-Z,
Rs is selected from OH, O-Z, Ap-OH, or Ap-O-Z,
R4 is selected from H or CH3,
Rs is selected from H, OH, O-Z, Ap-OH, or Ap-O-Z,
A is an alkylene oxide unit, p is 1 - 30, and
Z is an anionic moiety, a cationic moiety, or an amphoteric moiety, with the proviso that the compound of formula (I) comprises at least one Z group; and
(ii) at least one surfactant that is not a compound of formula (I).
15. Use of a compound of formula (I) for the beneficiation of non-sulfidic minerals or non-sulfidic ores:
wherein:
Ri is a saturated or unsaturated, linear C15 alkyl,
R2 is selected from H, -C(O)OH, C(O)-Ap-OH, or C(O)-Ap-O-Z,
Rs is selected from OH, O-Z, Ap-OH, or Ap-O-Z, R4 is selected from H or CH3, R5 is selected from H, OH, O-Z, Ap-OH, or Ap-O-Z,
A is an alkylene oxide unit, p is 1 - 30, and
Z is an anionic moiety, a cationic moiety, or an amphoteric moiety, with the proviso that the compound of formula (I) comprises at least one Z group.
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EP22205668.1A EP4364852A1 (en) | 2022-11-04 | 2022-11-04 | Collector composition and flotation method |
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