WO2024067872A1 - 随机接入方法、装置及*** - Google Patents

随机接入方法、装置及*** Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024067872A1
WO2024067872A1 PCT/CN2023/123014 CN2023123014W WO2024067872A1 WO 2024067872 A1 WO2024067872 A1 WO 2024067872A1 CN 2023123014 W CN2023123014 W CN 2023123014W WO 2024067872 A1 WO2024067872 A1 WO 2024067872A1
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period
random access
association
terminal device
ssb
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PCT/CN2023/123014
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
石蒙
廖树日
窦圣跃
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华为技术有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN202310545494.0A external-priority patent/CN117835269A/zh
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Publication of WO2024067872A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024067872A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0833—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a random access method, device and system.
  • terminal devices need to access network devices through random access to complete uplink synchronization.
  • the network device Before the terminal device initiates random access, the network device will periodically broadcast a synchronization signal block (SSB). Among them, one or more SSBs broadcast by the network device are distinguished by the index number (index) of the SSB, and the period of the network device broadcasting SSB can be called the SSB period. At the same time, the network device will configure a random access configuration period (physical random access channel configuration period), configure a certain number of random access opportunities (random access channel occasion, RO) in this random access configuration period, and associate the broadcasted SSB with the RO. Among them, the period composed of one or more random access configuration periods where the RO mapped by the SSB is located is called the association period (association period) or mapping period (mapping period).
  • association period association period
  • mapping period mapping period
  • the association period of SSB starts mapping and associating from frame number 0.
  • the association period takes the minimum value of the PRACH configuration period in the configuration table, and requires that all configured SSBs and ROs in the association period be fully mapped at least once. If, within a mapping, after the entire cyclic integer multiple mapping of SSB to RO is completed, some ROs are not mapped, then these ROs will no longer establish a mapping relationship with the SSB. Further, after the terminal device receives one or more SSBs broadcast by the network device, it can select an SSB and send a preamble code on the RO associated with the SSB to request access to the network device.
  • the efficiency of the terminal device in completing random access is low and may not meet the requirements of some communication systems.
  • the starting time domain position of the current association period is the starting time domain position of the system frame with frame number 0.
  • the terminal device may not have time to send the preamble code on the RO associated with the SSB in the current mapping period, and needs to wait until the next mapping period to send the preamble code on the RO in the next mapping period, which increases the service delay.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a random access method, device and system for solving the problem of low efficiency of random access completed by terminal equipment in current random access schemes.
  • a random access method is provided, which can be executed by a terminal device, or by a component of the terminal device (such as a processor, a chip, or a chip system, etc.), or by a logic module or software that can realize all or part of the functions of the terminal device.
  • the method includes: receiving a target synchronization signal block within a synchronization signal block period from a network device; receiving first configuration information from the network device according to the target synchronization signal block, the first configuration information including a first offset value, the first offset value indicating the interval between the start time domain position of the first association period and the start time domain position of the reference system frame, the first association period being the first association period of one or more association periods corresponding to the synchronization signal block period; determining a random access opportunity associated with the target synchronization signal block within one or more association periods according to the first configuration information and the target synchronization signal block; sending a preamble to the network device at a random access opportunity in the random access opportunity associated with the target synchronization signal block.
  • the association period needs to start from the system frame with frame number 0.
  • the terminal device receives the SSB, due to some factors, such as the terminal device is located in a scenario with a large number of beams and limited resources (such as the NTN system), and for example, the two-way transmission delay and the terminal device processing delay, the terminal device may not have time to send the preamble code on the corresponding RO within the current association period, which increases the delay of random access.
  • the terminal device can determine the association period with the starting time domain position after the reference system frame according to the first offset value.
  • the starting time domain of the association period The position may be offset from the reference system frame, thereby increasing the probability that the terminal device can send a preamble on the RO within the current association period, reducing the delay of random access of the terminal device, and improving the efficiency of the terminal device in completing random access.
  • the target synchronization signal block is associated with multiple random access opportunities, and the synchronization signal block period corresponds to multiple association periods; the method also includes: according to the target synchronization signal block, receiving second configuration information from the network device, the second configuration information is used to configure the random access opportunity in the second association period; the second configuration information includes a second offset value; the second offset value indicates the interval length between the second association period and the first association period, or the second offset value indicates the interval length between the starting time domain position of the second association period and the starting time domain position of the reference system frame; according to the second configuration information, determining the starting time domain position of the second association period; determining the random access opportunity within the second association period according to the second configuration information and the starting time domain position of the second association period; according to the target synchronization signal block, determining the random access opportunity associated with the target synchronization signal block within the second association period.
  • the terminal device within one SSB cycle, multiple ROs associated with a single SSB are adjacent in the time domain. After the terminal device sends a preamble on the corresponding RO, if the RAR is not received within the RAR window, the terminal device needs to wait for the next corresponding RO to send the preamble.
  • the interval between two adjacent time domain ROs often exceeds the two-way transmission delay, the delay of terminal device processing, or the length of the RAR window. Therefore, for the terminal device, within one SSB cycle, only one of the multiple adjacent ROs can be used, and there are no multiple access opportunities.
  • one SSB cycle can correspond to multiple association cycles, and the terminal device can determine the starting time domain position within the second association cycle and the RO configuration within the second association cycle among the multiple association cycles corresponding to the SSB cycle based on the second configuration information. Therefore, multiple ROs associated with the same SSB can be distributed in different association cycles to achieve discontinuity in the time domain for different ROs associated with the same SSB.
  • the terminal device if the terminal device does not have time to send the preamble code on the corresponding RO in the current association cycle, the terminal device can send the preamble code on the corresponding RO in the next association cycle.
  • the terminal device has multiple access opportunities, which can reduce the delay of random access of the terminal device and improve the efficiency of the terminal device in completing random access.
  • the second configuration information is used to configure the random access opportunity in the second association period, including: the second configuration information is used to indicate that there is a random access opportunity in the first reference time unit within the random access configuration period included in the second association period, and the reference time unit is a time slot or a subframe; or, the second configuration information is used to indicate that within the random access configuration period included in the second association period, the number of reference time units with random access opportunities is an integer multiple of 2.
  • the current protocol stipulates that in the FR1 frequency band, the number of subframes containing ROs supported by the PRACH configuration period of a single system frame is 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10, and the subframes containing ROs are discontinuous.
  • the number of SSBs is an integer multiple of 8
  • when mapping SSBs to ROs RO resources that are not integer multiples of the number of SSBs will fail to establish an association with the SSBs, resulting in a waste of uplink resources.
  • the subframes containing ROs are scattered, the remaining time-frequency resources that can be used for uplink data transmission are discontinuous.
  • the terminal device can determine that there is an RO on the first reference time unit in the PRACH configuration period based on the third configuration information, so that the reference time unit with the RO is as early as possible in the PRACH configuration period, and the remaining continuous time-frequency resources can be used for uplink data transmission.
  • the terminal device can determine, based on the third configuration information, that the number of reference time units in which ROs exist within the PRACH configuration period is an integer multiple of 2, so as to avoid the situation where, when the number of SSBs is an integer multiple of 8, RO resources that are not an integer multiple of the number of SSBs cannot establish an association relationship with the SSB and become invalid, resulting in a waste of uplink resources.
  • the second configuration information is used to indicate that the number of reference time units of random access opportunities in the random access configuration period included in the second association period is an integer multiple of 2, including:
  • the second configuration information is used to indicate that within the random access configuration period included in the second association period, the number of reference time units with random access opportunities is an integer multiple of 2, and the reference time units with random access opportunities are continuous in the time domain. Based on this solution, continuous uplink resources can be provided for sending RO, thereby improving access performance.
  • the second configuration information is used to indicate that within the random access configuration period included in the second association period, the reference time unit in which the random access opportunity exists is the first N reference time units within the random access configuration period, where N is an integer multiple of 2. Based on this solution, continuous uplink resources can be provided for sending RO, and the remaining continuous uplink resources can be used to transmit other uplink data.
  • the first configuration information includes first information, the first information is used to configure the random access opportunity in the first association period; the second configuration information includes second information, the second information is used to configure the second association period
  • the random access timing in the first information is different from the second information.
  • the first information and the second information are used to configure the preamble format corresponding to the random access opportunity. Based on this solution, the preamble format on the RO can be different in different association periods, and the terminal device can flexibly select the preamble format of the sent preamble code.
  • the first offset value is one of the number of milliseconds, the number of seconds, the number of symbols, the number of time slots, the number of subframes, or the number of system frames. Based on this solution, multiple methods of characterizing the interval duration by the first offset value are provided, which can be compatible with the time unit in the current communication system.
  • a preamble code is sent to a network device at a random access opportunity among the random access opportunities associated with the target synchronization signal block, including: sending a preamble code to the network device at a target random access opportunity among the random access opportunities associated with the target synchronization signal block; wherein, the interval duration between the moment at which the target random access opportunity is located and the moment at which the target synchronization signal block is located does not exceed the effective duration.
  • the terminal device can constrain the RO selected for sending the preamble code to be within the validity period, thereby avoiding the situation where the SSB corresponding to the RO selected by the terminal device is not the optimal SSB at the current moment, ensuring the performance of the RO selected by the terminal device and improving the performance of sending random access requests.
  • the valid duration is preconfigured by the terminal device or the network device or the protocol, or is indicated by the network device, or the valid duration is predefined by the protocol and indicated by the network device.
  • a random access method is provided, which can be executed by a network device, or by a component of the network device (such as a processor, a chip, or a chip system, etc.), or by a logic module or software that can realize all or part of the network device functions.
  • the method includes: sending a target synchronization signal block within a synchronization signal block period to a terminal device; sending first configuration information to the terminal device, the first configuration information includes a first offset value, the first offset value indicates the interval between the start time domain position of the first association period and the start time domain position of the reference system frame, and the first association period is the first association period of one or more association periods corresponding to the synchronization signal block period; within one or more association periods, receiving a preamble from the terminal device at one of the random access opportunities associated with the target synchronization signal block.
  • the association period needs to start from the system frame with frame number 0.
  • the terminal device receives the SSB, due to some factors, such as the terminal device is located in a scenario with a large number of beams and limited resources (such as the NTN system), and for example, the two-way transmission delay and the terminal device processing delay, the terminal device may not have time to send the preamble code on the corresponding RO within the current association period, which increases the delay of random access.
  • the network device can send a first offset value indicating the interval length between the starting time domain position of the first association period and the starting time domain position of the reference system frame to the terminal device, so that the terminal device can determine the association period with the starting time domain position after the reference system frame according to the first offset value.
  • the starting time domain position of the association period can have a certain offset compared to the reference system frame, thereby increasing the probability that the terminal device can send the preamble code on the RO within the current association period, reducing the delay of random access of the terminal device, and improving the efficiency of the terminal device in completing random access.
  • the target synchronization signal block is associated with multiple random access opportunities, and the synchronization signal block period corresponds to multiple association periods; the method also includes: sending second configuration information to the terminal device, the second configuration information is used to configure the random access opportunity in the second association period, the second configuration information includes a second offset value, the second offset value indicates the interval length between the second association period and the first association period, or the second offset value indicates the interval length between the starting time domain position of the second association period and the starting time domain position of the reference system frame.
  • the terminal device within one SSB cycle, multiple ROs associated with a single SSB are adjacent in the time domain. After the terminal device sends a preamble on the corresponding RO, if it cannot receive the RAR within the RAR window, the terminal device needs to wait for the next corresponding RO to send the preamble.
  • the interval between two adjacent time domain ROs often exceeds the two-way transmission delay, the terminal device processing delay, or the length of the RAR window. Therefore, for the terminal device, within one SSB cycle, only one of the multiple adjacent ROs can be used, and there are no multiple access opportunities.
  • one SSB cycle can correspond to multiple association cycles, and the network device can send a second configuration information to the terminal device, so that the terminal device can determine the starting time domain position of the second association cycle and the second association cycle in the multiple association cycles corresponding to the SSB cycle according to the second configuration information. Therefore, multiple ROs associated with the same SSB can be distributed in different association periods to achieve discontinuity in the time domain between different ROs associated with the same SSB. In the same SSB period, if the terminal device does not have time to send a preamble on the corresponding RO in the current association period, the terminal device can send a preamble on the corresponding RO in the next association period. In other words, within one SSB period, the terminal device has multiple access opportunities, which can reduce the delay of random access of the terminal device and improve the efficiency of random access of the terminal device.
  • the second configuration information is used to indicate that there is a random access opportunity in the first subframe within the random access configuration period included in the second association period; or, the second configuration information is used to indicate that the number of subframes with random access opportunities within the random access configuration period included in the second association period is an integer multiple of 2.
  • the current protocol stipulates that the number of subframes containing RO that can be configured in the PRACH configuration period of a single system frame in the FR1 frequency band is 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10, and the subframes containing RO are discontinuous.
  • the number of SSBs is an integer multiple of 8
  • when mapping SSBs to ROs RO resources that are not integer multiples of the number of SSBs will fail to establish an association with the SSBs, resulting in a waste of uplink resources.
  • the subframes containing ROs are scattered, the remaining time-frequency resources that can be used for uplink data transmission are discontinuous.
  • the terminal device can determine that there is an RO on the first reference time unit in the PRACH configuration period based on the third configuration information, so that the reference time unit with the RO is as early as possible in the PRACH configuration period, and the remaining continuous time-frequency resources can be used for uplink data transmission.
  • the terminal device can determine, based on the third configuration information, that the number of reference time units in which ROs exist within the PRACH configuration period is an integer multiple of 2, so as to avoid the situation where, when the number of SSBs is an integer multiple of 8, RO resources that are not an integer multiple of the number of SSBs cannot establish an association relationship with the SSB and become invalid, resulting in a waste of uplink resources.
  • the second configuration information is used to indicate that the number of reference time units of random access opportunities within the random access configuration period included in the second association period is an integer multiple of 2, including: the second configuration information is used to indicate that the number of reference time units of random access opportunities within the random access configuration period included in the second association period is an integer multiple of 2, and the reference time units of random access opportunities are continuous in the time domain. Based on this solution, continuous uplink resources can be provided for sending RO, thereby improving access performance.
  • the second configuration information is used to indicate that the reference time unit in which the random access opportunity exists in the random access configuration period included in the second association period is the first N reference time units in the random access configuration period, where N is an integer multiple of 2. Based on this solution, continuous uplink resources can be provided for sending RO, and the remaining continuous uplink resources can be used to transmit other uplink data.
  • the first configuration information includes first information, the first information is used to configure the random access opportunity in the first association period, the second configuration information includes second information, the second information is used to configure the random access opportunity in the first association period, and the first information is different from the second information.
  • the first information and the second information are used to configure the preamble format corresponding to the random access opportunity. Based on this solution, the preamble format on the RO can be different in different association periods, and the terminal device can flexibly select the preamble format of the sent preamble code.
  • the first offset value is one of the number of milliseconds, the number of seconds, the number of symbols, the number of time slots, the number of subframes, or the number of system frames. Based on this solution, multiple methods of characterizing the interval duration by the first offset value are provided, which can be compatible with the time unit in the current communication system.
  • a preamble code from a terminal device is received at a random access opportunity among the random access opportunities associated with a target synchronization signal block within one or more associated periods, including: within one or more associated periods, a preamble code from a terminal device is received at a target random access opportunity among the random access opportunities associated with a target synchronization signal block; wherein, the interval duration between the moment at which the target random access opportunity is located and the moment at which the target synchronization signal block is located does not exceed the effective duration.
  • the RO used to send the preamble code can be constrained to be within the validity period, thereby avoiding the SSB corresponding to the RO used to send the preamble code not being the optimal SSB at the current moment, ensuring the performance of the RO selected by the terminal device, and improving the performance of sending random access requests.
  • the effective duration is the time period of the terminal device or network.
  • the validity period is preconfigured by the network device or protocol, or is indicated by the network device, or the validity period is predefined by the protocol and indicated by the network device.
  • a communication device for implementing the above-mentioned various methods.
  • the communication device may be the terminal device in the above-mentioned first aspect, or a device including the above-mentioned terminal device, or a device included in the above-mentioned terminal device, such as a chip; or the communication device may be the network device in the above-mentioned second aspect, or a device including the above-mentioned network device, or a device included in the above-mentioned network device.
  • the communication device includes a module, unit, or means corresponding to the above method, which can be implemented by hardware, software, or by hardware executing corresponding software.
  • the hardware or software includes one or more modules or units corresponding to the above functions.
  • a communication device comprising: a processor, the processor being used to execute instructions stored in a memory, and when the processor executes the instructions, the communication device executes the method described in any one of the above aspects.
  • the communication device may be the terminal device in the above first aspect, or a device including the above terminal device, or a device included in the above terminal device, such as a chip; or the communication device may be the network device in the above second aspect, or a device including the above network device, or a device included in the above network device.
  • the communication device further includes a memory for storing computer instructions.
  • the processor and the memory are integrated together, or the processor and the memory are separately provided.
  • the memory is coupled to the processor and is outside the communication device.
  • a communication device comprising: a processor and an interface circuit, the interface circuit being used to communicate with a module outside the communication device; the processor being used to execute the method described in any of the above aspects through a logic circuit or by running a computer program or instruction.
  • the communication device may be the terminal device described in the first aspect, or a device including the terminal device, or a device included in the terminal device, such as a chip; or the communication device may be the network device described in the second aspect, or a device including the network device, or a device included in the network device.
  • the interface circuit can be a code/data read/write interface circuit, which is used to receive computer execution instructions (the computer execution instructions are stored in a memory, may be read directly from the memory, or may pass through other devices) and transmit them to the processor so that the processor runs the computer execution instructions to execute the method described in any of the above aspects.
  • the communication device may be a chip or a chip system.
  • a computer-readable storage medium wherein instructions are stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and when the instructions are executed on a communication device, the communication device can execute the method described in any one of the above aspects.
  • the communication device can be the terminal device described in the first aspect, or a device including the terminal device, or a device included in the terminal device, such as a chip; or the communication device can be the network device described in the second aspect, or a device including the network device, or a device included in the network device.
  • a computer program product comprising instructions, which, when executed on a communication device, enables the communication device to execute the method described in any one of the above aspects.
  • the communication device may be the terminal device described in the first aspect, or a device comprising the terminal device, or a device included in the terminal device, such as a chip; or the communication device may be the network device described in the second aspect, or a device comprising the network device, or a device included in the network device.
  • a communication device for example, the communication device may be a chip or a chip system), the communication device including a processor for implementing the functions involved in any of the above aspects.
  • the communication device also includes a memory for storing necessary program instructions and data.
  • the communication device is a chip system, it may be composed of a chip, or may include a chip and other discrete devices.
  • the technical effects brought about by any design method in the third aspect to the eighth aspect can refer to the technical effects brought about by the different design methods in the first aspect to the second aspect mentioned above, and will not be repeated here.
  • a communication system comprising a terminal device and a network device.
  • the terminal device is used to execute the method described in the first aspect; the network device is used to execute the method described in the second aspect.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a random access configuration period provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the NTN system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a network device and a terminal device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG5 is another schematic diagram of the structure of a terminal device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG6 is an interactive schematic diagram of a random access method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG7 is a first interactive diagram of SSB mapping to RO provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG8 is a second interactive diagram of SSB mapping to RO provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG9 is a third interactive diagram of SSB mapping to RO provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG10 is a fourth interactive diagram of SSB mapping to RO provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG11 is an interactive schematic diagram of another random access method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another communication device provided in an embodiment of the application.
  • NTN Non-terrestrial networks
  • NTN Next Generation Terrestrial Network
  • the NTN system includes nodes such as satellites, high-altitude platforms and drones.
  • satellites In the NTN system, satellites, as access network devices, need to send beams within the coverage area so that terminal devices can complete random access (RA) to access the NTN system.
  • RA random access
  • the specific random access process is described below. Because the coverage area of satellites is generally large, under a given link budget and system resources, a single satellite needs to send a large number of beams to complete full coverage. In addition, due to the high-speed movement of satellites, the coverage and service time of each beam sent by a single satellite is limited. It is necessary to consider the access delay of terminal devices during random access, improve the access opportunities of terminal devices, and ensure service coverage.
  • the random access process generally refers to the process from when a terminal device sends a random access preamble (also referred to as a preamble) to try to access a network device, to when a basic signaling connection is established between the terminal device and the network device.
  • a random access preamble also referred to as a preamble
  • the network device can periodically broadcast different synchronization signal blocks in different communication areas, and distinguish different SSBs by the index number (index) of the SSB.
  • index the index number of the SSB.
  • different SSB indexes represent downlink synchronization signals in different beam directions, covering and serving different areas.
  • the period for the network device to broadcast SSB can be called the SSB period.
  • the network device will configure a random access configuration period (physical random access channel configuration period, PRACH configuration period) (also known as the physical random access channel configuration period, hereinafter referred to as the PRACH configuration period), configure a certain number of ROs in this PRACH configuration period (the specific implementation of configuring the PRACH configuration period is introduced below and will not be expanded here), and associate the broadcasted SSB with the RO (the specific rules for the association mapping of SSB with RO are introduced below and will not be expanded here).
  • the period consisting of one or more PRACH configuration periods where the RO mapped by the SSB is located is called the association period (association period) or mapping period (mapping period).
  • association period of SSB to RO starts from frame number 0.
  • the association period takes the minimum value of the PRACH configuration period number in the association period configuration table, and requires that all configured SSBs can be fully mapped with ROs within the association period at least once. If in a mapping, after the entire SSB to RO cyclic integer multiple mapping is completed, there are still some ROs that have not been mapped, then these ROs will no longer establish a mapping relationship with SSB.
  • association mapping between SSB and RO can also be understood as the association mapping between the index of SSB and RO.
  • association mapping between SSB and RO can also be referred to as establishing an association relationship between SSB and RO, or as mapping SSB to RO, or as establishing a mapping relationship between SSB and RO, etc.
  • association/mapping relationship between SSB and RO can also be referred to as the corresponding relationship between SSB and RO, etc.
  • association period configuration table in the above text as Table 1 as an example to exemplarily introduce how to determine the association period.
  • the association period refers to the number of PRACH configuration periods included in the association period.
  • the PRACH configuration period is 10ms
  • the number of PRACH configuration periods included in the association period can be taken from ⁇ 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 ⁇ .
  • the network device determines that when the number of PRACH configuration periods included in the association period is 1 or 2, all SSBs in the SSB period cannot be fully mapped once in the RO within the association period.
  • the number of PRACH configuration periods included in the association period is 4, that is, the duration of the association period is 40ms.
  • the network device may carry the indication information of the index of the SSB sent within the SSB period (i.e., the SSB actually sent within the SSB period) in the system message.
  • the terminal device may select an SSB and complete timing synchronization.
  • the terminal device may confirm the time-frequency position of the system information according to the information in the selected SSB, for example, confirm the time-frequency position of the system information block 1 (System Information Block 1, SIB1), thereby parsing the system message at the corresponding time-frequency position and obtaining the configuration information related to random access.
  • System Information Block 1, SIB1 System Information Block 1, SIB1
  • the terminal device establishes a mapping relationship between the SSB sent by the network device within the SSB period and the RO according to the configuration information related to random access, thereby sending the random access preamble on the corresponding RO according to the index of the selected SSB.
  • the area where the terminal device is located can be determined by the received preamble and the corresponding RO, and a random access response (RAR) can be sent to the terminal device.
  • RAR random access response
  • the terminal device can receive the corresponding RAR within the RAR window, the terminal device can establish a connection with the network device and complete the subsequent process of random access. If the terminal device does not receive the corresponding RAR within the RAR window, it is considered that the random access has failed, and the terminal device will resend the preamble code on the corresponding RO.
  • the terminal device in addition to obtaining SIB1, can also obtain system information block 19 (SIB19) to obtain the satellite's ephemeris information, and further send a preamble code on the corresponding RO based on SIB1 and the satellite's ephemeris information.
  • SIB19 system information block 19
  • random access can be divided into four-step random access (4-step random access channel, 4-step RACH) and two-step random access (2-step random access channel, 2-step RACH).
  • the two-step random access combines the steps of information exchange in the four-step random access, which reduces the steps and time required for the random access process compared with the four-step random access.
  • the PRACH configuration period is based on system frames, or radio frames, of which one system frame is currently specified to be 10ms.
  • the network device can configure the PRACH configuration period and configure the RO within the PRACH configuration period through the corresponding configuration information.
  • the following is a random access configuration table under frequency division duplexing (FDD) in frequency band 1 (Frequency range 1, FR1): Table 2, which introduces how to configure the PRACH configuration period and how to configure the RO within the PRACH configuration period.
  • FDD frequency division duplexing
  • the PRACH configuration index represents the index of the PRACH configuration.
  • the preamble format indicates the preamble format of the preamble code on the RO in the PRACH configuration period.
  • n SFN modx y, which indicates the number of system frames occupied by the PRACH configuration period, and its value range is ⁇ 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 ⁇ . In other words, the duration of the PRACH configuration period is determined by x and y.
  • the subframe number indicates the subframe number of the subframe in which the RO exists in the PRACH configuration period.
  • PRACH slot It indicates the number of time slots (slots) in which RO exists in a subframe in the PRACH configuration period, wherein the time slot in which RO exists can be referred to as PRACH slot.
  • the distribution of RO is shown in Figure 1.
  • the preamble format is C2, that is, in the PRACH configuration period, the preamble format of the preamble code on the RO is C2.
  • the subframe numbers are 2 and 7, that is, the subframe numbers with RO in the PRACH configuration period are 2 and 7.
  • each RO may have its corresponding index.
  • the index of the RO within the PRACH configuration period may be determined in ascending order starting from the first RO in the first PRACH configuration period within the associated period.
  • the indexes of the 8 ROs in the first PRACH configuration period within the associated period may be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and the indexes of the 8 ROs in the second PRACH configuration period within the associated period may be 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and the indexes of the ROs in the subsequent PRACH configuration periods may be deduced by analogy.
  • the current protocol stipulates that the number of subframes containing RO supported by the PRACH configuration period of a single system frame in the FR1 frequency band is 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10, and the subframes containing RO are dispersed as much as possible.
  • mapping rules between SSB and RO (or association rules between SSB and RO, association mapping rules between SSB and RO, etc.)
  • the mapping rule between SSB and RO is used to associate and map SSB with RO in the PRACH configuration period and establish an association relationship so that after the network device receives the preamble code on the corresponding RO, it can determine the SSB according to the index of the SSB associated with the RO and decide the beam used for downlink RAR transmission.
  • the network device can indicate the mapping rule between SSB and RO through the ssb-perRACH-OccasionAndCB-PreamblesPerSSB field in the random access related configuration information in the system message.
  • the ssb-perRACH-OccasionAndCB-PreamblesPerSSB field can be used to configure:
  • the number of SSBs corresponding to each RO is N, and the value range of N is ⁇ 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2, 4, 6, 16 ⁇ .
  • N ⁇ 1 one SSB is mapped to multiple ROs.
  • N 1, one SSB is mapped to one RO.
  • the SSB sent in the SSB period can be mapped to the RO in sequence according to the size relationship of the SSB index and the size relationship of the RO index in the PRACH configuration period.
  • the network device or terminal device can map the SSB to the RO in the following order: 1) the contention based preamble (CB Preamble) in each RO is incremented in the order of the Preamble Index; 2) when the random access channel (RACH) frequency division multiplexing (FDM) is configured (there are multiple ROs in the frequency domain), it is incremented according to the frequency domain index; 3) when multiple ROs are configured in the PRACH slot, it is incremented according to the index in the PRACH time slot; 4) when multiple PRACH slots are configured, it is incremented according to the PRACH slot index.
  • RACH random access channel
  • FDM frequency division multiplexing
  • the efficiency of the terminal device in completing random access is low and may not meet the requirements of certain communication systems.
  • the starting time domain position of the current association period is the starting time domain position of the system frame with a frame number of 0.
  • the terminal device selects the SSB, it may not have time to send a preamble code on the RO associated with the SSB in the current mapping period, and it needs to wait until the next mapping period to send a preamble code on the RO in the next mapping period, which increases the service delay.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a random access method, device and system.
  • At least one of the following or its similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single items or plural items.
  • at least one of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, or a-b-c, where a, b, c can be single or multiple.
  • the words "first”, “second” and the like are used to distinguish the same items or similar items with substantially the same functions and effects.
  • the random access method provided in the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication systems.
  • the random access method provided in the embodiments of the present application can be applied to a long term evolution (LTE) system, a NR system, a 5G system, or an NTN system, or other similar new communication systems for the future, such as a sixth-generation (6G) system, which is not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • LTE long term evolution
  • NR NR system
  • 5G system a 5G system
  • NTN network-generation
  • a communication system 20 is provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication system 20 includes at least one network device 30 and at least one terminal device 40.
  • the terminal device 40 can communicate with the network device 30 in a wireless manner.
  • different network devices 30 can communicate with each other.
  • different terminal devices 40 can communicate with each other.
  • the network device 30 and/or the terminal device 40 can be fixed or movable.
  • FIG. 2 is only a schematic diagram.
  • the communication system 20 may also include other network devices, such as the communication system 20 may also include one or more of a core network (CN) device, a wireless relay device, and a wireless backhaul device, which are not specifically limited here.
  • the network device can be connected to the core network device wirelessly or wired.
  • the core network device and the network device 30 may be independent and different physical devices, or the functions of the core network device and the logical functions of the network device 30 may be integrated on the same physical device, or the functions of part of the core network device and part of the network device 30 may be integrated on one physical device, which is not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • a terminal device receives a target synchronization signal block within a synchronization signal block period from a network device. Then, the terminal device receives first configuration information from the network device based on the target synchronization signal block; the first configuration information includes a first offset value; the first offset value indicates the interval between the start time domain position of the first association period and the start time domain position of the reference system frame; the first association period is the first association period in one or more association periods corresponding to the synchronization signal block period.
  • the terminal device determines a random access opportunity associated with the target synchronization signal block within one or more association periods based on the first configuration information and the target synchronization signal block, and the terminal device sends a preamble code to the network device at one of the random access opportunities associated with the target synchronization signal block.
  • the communication system 20 shown in FIG. 2 may be applied to the network architecture of an NTN system, which is not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of two NTN systems applicable to the communication system 20.
  • the terminal equipment and the ground base station communicate through the user-universal terrestrial radio access network-user (Uu) interface, and the satellite can realize transparent load transmission between the user and the ground base station.
  • the satellite and the NTN gateway can be regarded as the remote radio unit (RRU) of the ground base station to realize transparent forwarding of the signal, that is, the satellite only supports functions such as RF filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, and the signal waveform remains unchanged.
  • the ground base station and the core network can communicate through the next generation network (NG) interface, and exchange the non-access stratum (NAS) signaling of the core network and the service data of the terminal equipment.
  • NG next generation network
  • NAS non-access stratum
  • the satellite has some or all functions of the access network device, which can be called a satellite base station. It can provide wireless access services and schedule wireless resources for terminal devices that access the network through the satellite base station.
  • the satellite base station communicates with the terminal device through the Uu interface. Among them, the satellite base station and the core network can communicate through the NG interface.
  • the satellite base station and the core network can exchange NAS signaling and service data of the terminal device through the NG interface.
  • the satellite radio interface (SRI) interface is the feeder link between the NTN gateway and the satellite. The SRI interface can be used as part of the NG interface to realize the communication interaction between the satellite and the core network.
  • the network device in the embodiment of the present application is a device that connects a terminal device to a wireless network.
  • the network devices in the embodiments of the present application may include various forms of base stations, for example, macro base stations, micro base stations (also called small stations), relay stations, access points, transmitting points (TP), evolved NodeBs (eNodeBs), transmission reception points (TRPs), next generation NodeBs (gNBs) in 5G mobile communication systems, devices that implement base station functions in communication systems that evolve after 5G, mobile switching centers, and devices that perform base station functions in device-to-device (D2D), vehicle-to-everything (V2X), and machine-to-machine (M2M) communications; it may also be a network device in an NTN communication system, that is, it may be deployed on a high-altitude platform or a satellite; it may also be a module or unit that performs part of the functions of a base station, for example, it may be a centralized unit (CU) in a cloud radio
  • the embodiments of this application do not limit the specific technology and specific device form used by the network device. All or part of the functions of the network device can also be implemented by software functions running on hardware, or by virtualization functions instantiated on a platform (such as a cloud platform). In this application, unless otherwise specified, the network device refers to the radio access network (RAN) device.
  • RAN radio access network
  • the terminal device in the embodiment of the present application may be a device with wireless transceiver function, which may also be referred to as a terminal.
  • the terminal device may specifically refer to user equipment (UE), access terminal, subscriber unit, user station, mobile station, customer-premises equipment (CPE), remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, mobile terminal, user terminal, wireless communication device, user agent or user device, etc.
  • UE user equipment
  • CPE customer-premises equipment
  • remote terminal remote terminal, mobile device, mobile terminal, user terminal, wireless communication device, user agent or user device, etc.
  • the terminal device may also be a satellite phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a cordless phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a wireless data card, a wireless modem, a tablet computer, a computer with wireless transceiver function, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a handheld device with wireless communication function, a computing device or other processing device connected to a wireless modem, a vehicle-mounted device, a communication device carried on a high-altitude aircraft, a wearable device, a drone, a robot, a smart point of sale (POS), a machine type communication device, a terminal device in D2D, a terminal device in V2X, a virtual reality (VR) terminal device, an augmented reality (AR) terminal device, a wireless terminal in industrial control, etc.
  • SIP session initiation protocol
  • WLL wireless local loop
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • POS smart point of sale
  • machine type communication device a terminal device in D
  • the present invention relates to wireless terminals, wireless terminals in self-driving, wireless terminals in remote medical, wireless terminals in smart grids, wireless terminals in transportation safety, wireless terminals in smart cities, wireless terminals in smart homes, or terminal devices in future communication networks, etc.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific technology and specific device form adopted by the terminal device. All or part of the functions of the terminal device can also be implemented by software functions running on hardware, or by virtualization functions instantiated on a platform (such as a cloud platform).
  • the network devices and terminal devices in the embodiments of the present application can be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, handheld or vehicle-mounted; can also be deployed on the water surface; can also be deployed on aircraft, balloons and artificial satellites in the air.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not limit the application scenarios of the network devices and terminal devices.
  • the network device and the terminal device in the embodiment of the present application can communicate through the authorized spectrum, can communicate through the unlicensed spectrum, or can communicate through the authorized spectrum and the unlicensed spectrum at the same time.
  • the network device and the terminal device can communicate through the spectrum below 6 gigahertz (GHz), can communicate through the spectrum above 6 GHz, and can also communicate using the spectrum below 6 GHz and the spectrum above 6 GHz at the same time.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the spectrum resources used between the network device and the terminal device.
  • the network device and terminal device in the embodiments of the present application may also be referred to as a communication device, which may be a general device or a dedicated device, and the embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit this.
  • FIG 4 it is a schematic diagram of the structure of the network device and the terminal device provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the terminal device 40 in Figure 2 can adopt the structure of the terminal device shown in Figure 4, and the network device 30 in Figure 2 can adopt the structure of the network device shown in Figure 4.
  • the terminal device includes at least one processor 401 and at least one transceiver 403.
  • the terminal device may further include at least one memory 402, at least one output device 404 or at least one input device 405.
  • Processor 401, memory 402 and transceiver 403 are connected via a communication line.
  • the communication line may include a path to transmit information between the above components.
  • Processor 401 may be a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components or any combination thereof.
  • a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.
  • processor 401 may also include multiple CPUs, and processor 401 may be a single-core processor or a multi-core processor.
  • the processor here may refer to one or more devices, circuits or processing cores for processing data.
  • the memory 402 may be a device with a storage function. For example, it may be a read-only memory (ROM) or other types of static storage devices that can store static information and instructions, a random access memory (RAM) or other types of dynamic storage devices that can store information and instructions, or a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disc storage, optical disc storage (including compressed optical disc, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc, Blu-ray disc, etc.), a magnetic disk storage medium or other magnetic storage device, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store the desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and can be accessed by a computer, but is not limited thereto.
  • the memory 402 may exist independently and be connected to the processor 401 through a communication line.
  • the memory 402 may also be integrated with the processor 401 .
  • the memory 402 is used to store computer-executable instructions for executing the solution of the present application, and the execution is controlled by the processor 401.
  • the processor 401 is used to execute the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory 402, thereby implementing the random access method described in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the processor 401 may also perform processing-related functions in the random access method provided in the following embodiments of the present application, and the transceiver 403 is responsible for communicating with other devices or communication networks, which is not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the computer executable instructions in the embodiments of the present application may also be referred to as application code or computer program code. This embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit this.
  • the transceiver 403 may use any transceiver-like device for communicating with other devices or communication networks, such as Ethernet, wireless access network, or wireless local area network (WLAN).
  • the transceiver 403 includes a transmitter (transmitter, Tx) and a receiver (receiver, Rx).
  • the output device 404 communicates with the processor 401 and can display information in a variety of ways.
  • the output device 404 can be a liquid crystal display (LCD), a light emitting diode (LED) display device, a cathode ray tube (CRT) display device, or a projector.
  • LCD liquid crystal display
  • LED light emitting diode
  • CRT cathode ray tube
  • the input device 405 communicates with the processor 401 and can accept user input in various ways.
  • the input device 405 can be a mouse, a keyboard, a touch screen device, or a sensor device.
  • the network device includes at least one processor 301, at least one transceiver 303 and at least one network interface 304.
  • the network device may also include at least one memory 302.
  • the processor 301, the memory 302, the transceiver 303 and the network interface 304 are connected via a communication line.
  • the network interface 304 is used to connect to the core network device through a link (for example, an S1 interface), or to connect to the network interface of other network devices through a wired or wireless link (for example, an X2 interface) (not shown in Figure 4), and the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit this.
  • the relevant description of the processor 301, the memory 302 and the transceiver 303 can refer to the description of the processor 401, the memory 402 and the transceiver 403 in the terminal device, which will not be repeated here.
  • FIG5 is a specific structural form of the terminal device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the functionality of the processor 401 in FIG. 4 may be implemented by the processor 510 in FIG. 5 .
  • the function of the transceiver 403 in FIG. 4 can be implemented by the antenna 1, antenna 2, mobile communication module 550, wireless communication module 560, etc. in FIG. 5.
  • the mobile communication module 550 can provide solutions for wireless communication technologies including LTE, NR or future mobile communication applied on the terminal device.
  • the wireless communication module 560 can provide solutions for wireless communication technologies including WLAN (such as Wi-Fi network), Bluetooth (blue tooth, BT), global navigation satellite system (global navigation satellite system, GNSS), frequency modulation (frequency modulation, FM), near field communication (near field communication, NFC), infrared, etc. applied on the terminal device.
  • the antenna 1 of the terminal device is coupled with the mobile communication module 550, and the antenna 2 is coupled with the wireless communication module 560, so that the terminal device can communicate with the network and other devices through wireless communication technology.
  • the function of the memory 402 in FIG. 4 may be implemented by the internal memory 521 in FIG. 5 or an external memory connected to the external memory interface 520 .
  • the functionality of the output device 404 in FIG. 4 may be implemented by the display screen 594 in FIG. 5 .
  • the functionality of the input device 405 in FIG. 4 may be implemented by a mouse, a keyboard, a touch screen device, or the sensor module 580 in FIG. 5 .
  • the terminal device may also include one or more of an audio module 570, a camera 593, a button 590, a subscriber identification module (SIM) card interface 595, a universal serial bus (USB) interface 530, a charging management module 540, a power management module 541 and a battery 542.
  • an audio module 570 a camera 593, a button 590, a subscriber identification module (SIM) card interface 595, a universal serial bus (USB) interface 530, a charging management module 540, a power management module 541 and a battery 542.
  • SIM subscriber identification module
  • USB universal serial bus
  • the structure shown in FIG5 does not constitute a specific limitation on the terminal device.
  • the terminal device may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or split certain components, or arrange the components differently.
  • the components shown in the figure may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware.
  • Figure 6 takes a network device and a terminal device as an example to illustrate the method as the execution subject of the interaction diagram, but the present application does not limit the execution subject of the interaction diagram.
  • the network device in Figure 6 may also be a chip, a chip system, or a processor that supports the network device to implement the method, or a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the network device functions;
  • the terminal device in Figure 6 may also be a chip, a chip system, or a processor that supports the terminal device to implement the method, or a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the terminal device functions.
  • the random access method includes S601-S604:
  • the terminal device receives a target synchronization signal block within a synchronization signal block period from a network device.
  • the terminal device receives first configuration information from the network device according to the target synchronization signal block; the first configuration information includes a first offset value; the first offset value indicates the interval between the starting time domain position of the first association period and the starting time domain position of the reference system frame; the first association period is the first association period among one or more association periods corresponding to the synchronization signal block period.
  • the terminal device determines a random access opportunity associated with the target synchronization signal block within one or more associated periods based on the first configuration information and the target synchronization signal block.
  • the terminal device sends a preamble code to the network device at a random access opportunity among the random access opportunities associated with the target synchronization signal block.
  • the association period needs to start from the system frame with frame number 0.
  • the terminal device may not have time to send the preamble code on the corresponding RO in the current association period. For example, the terminal device determines that it needs to send the preamble code on the RO with index 0, but the RO with index 0 in the current association period has passed. The terminal device needs to wait until the RO with index 0 in the next association period before it can send the preamble code, which increases the delay of random access.
  • the terminal device can determine the association period with the starting time domain position after the reference system frame according to the first offset value.
  • the starting time domain position of the association period can be offset by a certain amount compared to the reference system frame, thereby increasing the probability that the terminal device can send the preamble code on the RO in the current association period, reducing the delay of random access of the terminal device, and improving the efficiency of the terminal device in completing random access.
  • the RO corresponding to the SSB can be marked with a number that is the same as the index of the SSB.
  • the RO is numbered n, and the RO can be represented as ROn.
  • the RO number is determined based on the mapping relationship with the SSB, and does not refer to the index of the RO within the PRACH configuration period, but in some cases, the value of the RO number may be the same as the value of the RO index within the PRACH configuration period.
  • the three ROs corresponding to SSB0 are RO0, RO0, and RO0.
  • the first RO0 has an index of 0 in the PRACH configuration period
  • the second RO0 has an index of 1 in the PRACH configuration period
  • the third RO0 has an index of 2.
  • the network device broadcasts one or more SSBs to the terminal devices in a certain communication area within the SSB period. After receiving the one or more SSBs broadcast by the network device, the terminal device selects a target SSB from them. Among them, the terminal device may receive all SSBs broadcast by the network device within the SSB period, or may receive part of the SSBs broadcast by the network device within the SSB period.
  • the network device may carry indication information of the index of the SSB sent within the SSB period in the system message.
  • the terminal device may select a target SSB according to a preset rule. For example, the terminal device may select an SSB with the best signal quality as the target SSB from one or more received SSBs.
  • the number of SSBs that the network device needs to send in an SSB cycle can be determined by the network device according to the needs of the communication system or service. For example, in the NTN system, the satellite covers a wide area, and the network device needs to send a large number of beams. In this case, the number of SSBs that the network device needs to send in one SSB cycle can be extended to 128 or 256.
  • the network device when the network device sends SSBs in an SSB cycle, it may send SSBs in groups of 8 SSBs.
  • the network device may send 8 SSBs every 2 system frames (20ms), requiring a total of 32 groups.
  • the network device when the network device sends SSBs in groups, it may send a group of SSBs every 2 system frames.
  • the terminal device After the terminal device selects the target SSB, it parses the target SSB, obtains the index of the target SSB and the time-frequency position of the first configuration information indicated by the target SSB, and thereby receives the first configuration information from the network device at the corresponding time-frequency position.
  • the first configuration information may be carried in a system message, for example, the first configuration information may be carried in SIB1.
  • the time-frequency position of the first configuration information acquired by the terminal device may be the time-frequency position of the search space where the system message carrying the first configuration information is located.
  • the first configuration information includes a first offset value
  • the first offset value indicates the starting time domain position of the first association period and the reference Considering the interval between the start time domain positions of the system frame, the first association period is the first association period of one or more association periods corresponding to the SSB period.
  • All SSBs included in the SSB period are completely mapped at least once with the ROs in each of the corresponding one or more association periods.
  • the first association period among the one or more association periods corresponding to the SSB period refers to the first association period after the reference system frame in the time domain among the one or more association periods corresponding to the SSB period.
  • the reference system frame may be a system frame pre-agreed between the network device and the terminal device.
  • the reference system frame may be a system frame set by the network device, in which case the network device may indicate the frame number of the reference system frame to the terminal device through the first configuration information.
  • the reference system frame may be a system frame with a frame number of 0.
  • the first offset value may be configured by a newly defined parameter.
  • the first offset value may be configured by reusing an existing parameter.
  • the first offset value may be configured by a newly defined parameter AssociationPeriod-StartFrameOffset-NTN.
  • the time granularity of the interval between the starting time domain position of the first associated period indicated by the first offset value and the starting time domain position of the reference system frame can be any unit that can represent time, such as system frame, subframe, half frame, time slot, symbol, second, millisecond or microsecond.
  • the first offset value may be the number of time units such as system frames, subframes, half frames, time slots, symbols, seconds, milliseconds or microseconds.
  • the first offset value is configured as 1 through the AssociationPeriod-StartFrameOffset-NTN ENUMERATED ⁇ 1 ⁇ parameter, and its time granularity is a system frame, then the interval duration between the start time domain position of the first association period indicated by the first offset value and the start time domain position of the reference system frame is 1 system frame.
  • the first offset value may be the interval duration between the start time domain position of the first association period and the start time domain position of the reference system frame.
  • the first offset value is configured as 1 system frame
  • the interval duration between the start time domain position of the first association period indicated by the first offset value and the start time domain position of the reference system frame is 1 system frame.
  • the interval between the start time domain position of the first association period indicated by the first offset value and the start time domain position of the reference system frame is 10 milliseconds.
  • the terminal device After the terminal device obtains the first offset value, it can determine the starting time domain position of the first association period according to the first offset value.
  • SFN association period represents the starting time domain position of the first association period
  • SFN referebce represents the reference system frame
  • SFN reference (SFN#0, frame 0) represents the reference system frame number is 0
  • RO_offset represents the first offset value
  • RO_offset may also be represented by multiple time granularities. For example, if the time granularity of the first offset value is at least one of a symbol, a time slot, or a system frame, RO_offset in the above formula (0) may also be represented as n*T symbol +m*T slot +k*T rf ; wherein T symbol represents a symbol, T slot represents a time slot, T rf represents a system frame, and n, m, and k are 0 or positive integers.
  • the terminal device After the terminal device determines the starting time domain position of the first association period, it can determine one or more association periods corresponding to the SSB period in different situations and the RO within the association period, and then determine the RO associated with the target SSB within the association period according to the target SSB.
  • the following introduces the specific implementation method of the terminal device determining the RO associated with the target SSB within one or more association periods corresponding to the SSB period according to different situations.
  • Case 1 The SSB period corresponds to one association period.
  • an association period corresponding to the SSB period is the first association period.
  • the first configuration information includes configuration information for configuring the PRACH configuration period within the first association period (hereinafter referred to as the first information).
  • the terminal device determines the first association period.
  • the specific process of RO within the connection cycle is as follows:
  • the terminal device determines the configuration of the PRACH configuration period and the RO configuration in the PRACH configuration period in the first association period according to the first information, and performs RO configuration from the starting time domain position of the first association period.
  • the terminal device maps each SSB sent by the network side in the SSB period to the corresponding RO according to the association mapping rule from SSB to RO, establishes an association relationship between SSB and RO, until all SSBs sent by the network side in the SSB period have been mapped to RO, and determines the possible values of the association period according to the association period configuration table, thereby determining the minimum value among the possible values that satisfies the complete mapping of all SSBs sent by the network side in the SSB period to RO as the first association period, and obtains the mapping relationship between RO and SSB in the first association period.
  • the terminal device can establish an association mapping relationship between the RO within the first association period and the SSB, after the terminal device determines the RO within the first association period, it can determine the RO associated with the target SSB from the RO within the first association period based on the association mapping relationship between the RO and the SSB.
  • the terminal device can obtain the index of the SSB sent by the network device during the SSB period in the system message.
  • the specific implementation of the terminal device configuring the PRACH configuration period and the RO within the PRACH configuration period according to the first information can refer to the implementation method of the terminal device configuring the PRACH configuration period according to relevant configuration information in the prior art, which will not be expanded here.
  • the association mapping rules from SSB to RO can be carried in the system message.
  • the terminal device can obtain the system message under the instruction of the target SSB, thereby obtaining the association mapping rules from SSB to RO.
  • the association mapping rules from SSB to RO may include one SSB mapped to multiple ROs (or one SSB associated with multiple ROs), multiple SSBs mapped to one RO (or multiple SSBs associated with one RO), or one SSB mapped to one RO (or one SSB associated with one RO), and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the terminal device maps each SSB included in the SSB period to the RO in the PRACH configuration period according to the SSB to RO association mapping rule
  • the SSB can be mapped to the RO in sequence according to the size relationship of the SSB index and the size relationship of the RO index in the PRACH configuration period.
  • SSB0 index is 0
  • SSB1 index is 1
  • the terminal device determines that one PRACH configuration period includes 4 ROs according to the PRACH configuration period, then starting from the starting time domain position of the first association period, the indices of the 4 ROs in the first PRACH configuration period are 0, 1, 2, and 3 respectively.
  • the indices of the 4 ROs in the second PRACH configuration period are 4, 5, 6, and 7 respectively.
  • SSB0 When the terminal device maps the SSB to the RO, according to the index of the SSB, SSB0 is first mapped to the RO, and then SSB1 is mapped to the RO.
  • the terminal device maps SSB0 to the RO in the first PRACH configuration cycle it maps them in sequence according to the RO index.
  • SSB0 is mapped to three ROs with indices 0, 1 and 2 in the first PRACH configuration cycle
  • SSB1 is mapped to the RO with index 3 in the first PRACH configuration cycle and to two ROs with indices 4 and 5 in the second configuration cycle.
  • the terminal device determines the association period corresponding to the SSB period and the RO within the association period in situation 1 in conjunction with the exemplary scenario shown in FIG. 7 .
  • the mapping rule from SSB to RO is that one SSB is associated with one RO, and the network device sends SSB0 (index is 0)-SSB7 (index is 7) in the SSB period, and the indexes of these 8 SSBs are incremented in sequence.
  • the network device sends 8 SSBs every 2 system frames. Assume that after the terminal device receives one or more SSBs among the 8 SSBs, it selects a target SSB from them, and the target SSB indicates the time-frequency position of SIB1.
  • the terminal device Under the instruction of the target SSB, the terminal device receives SIB1 at the corresponding time-frequency position, obtains the first offset value and the first information, and determines that the SSB sent in the SSB period is SSB0-SSB7.
  • the interval between the starting time domain position of the first association period indicated by the first offset value and the starting time domain position of the reference system frame (assuming that it is a system frame with a frame number of 0) is 2 system frames.
  • the terminal device determines that the starting time domain position of the first association period is the starting time domain position of the system frame with a frame number of 2.
  • the terminal device determines, based on the first information, that a PRACH configuration period in the first association period occupies a system frame, and there are 4 ROs in a PRACH configuration period.
  • the terminal device configures the PRACH configuration period, and maps the SSB to the RO in the PRACH configuration period in sequence according to the index of the SSB, and obtains the following mapping relationship: RO0 in Figure 7 is associated with SSB0, RO1 is associated with SSB1, RO2 is associated with SSB2, RO3 is associated with SSB3, RO4 is associated with SSB4, RO5 is associated with SSB5, RO6 is associated with SSB6, and RO7 is associated with SSB7.
  • the first association period is 20ms, and the first association period includes the first PRACH configuration period (system frame with frame number 2) and the second PRACH configuration period (system frame with frame number 3).
  • the end domain position of the second PRACH configuration period is the end domain position of the first association period.
  • the RO associated with SSB in the first association period is shown in Figure 7, including RO0-RO7. According to the association mapping relationship between RO and SSB in the first association period, assuming that the target SSB selected by the terminal device is SSB0, the RO associated with the target SSB in the first association period is RO0.
  • the association mapping rule from SSB to RO is that one SSB is associated with multiple ROs.
  • the terminal device can determine the RO associated with the target SSB during the first association period in the manner described in case 1 above.
  • the random access method in addition to determining the RO associated with the target SSB in the first association period, further includes the following steps:
  • the terminal device receives second configuration information from the network device according to the target SSB, where the second configuration information is used to configure the RO in the second association period; the second configuration information includes a second offset value, where the second offset value indicates the interval between the second association period and the first association period, or the second offset value indicates the interval between the starting time domain position of the second association period and the starting time domain position of the reference system frame.
  • the terminal device determines a starting time domain position of a second association period according to the second configuration information.
  • the terminal device determines the RO within the second association period according to the second configuration information and the starting time domain position of the second association period.
  • the terminal device determines the RO associated with the target SSB in the second association period according to the target SSB.
  • the second association period may be an association period different from the first association period in a plurality of association periods corresponding to the SSB period.
  • the second association period may be the second association period, the third association period, or a subsequent association period in a plurality of association periods.
  • the terminal device may determine an RO associated with the target SSB in an association period different from the first association period in a plurality of association periods corresponding to the SSB period according to the above-mentioned step of determining the RO associated with the target SSB in the second association period, thereby determining an RO associated with the target SSB in each association period in a plurality of association periods corresponding to the SSB period in combination with the RO associated with the target SSB in the first association period.
  • the RO in each association period can be associated with all SSBs in the SSB period.
  • all SSBs in the SSB period can be mapped to the RO in each association period in the multiple association periods.
  • the terminal device within one SSB cycle, multiple ROs associated with a single SSB are adjacent in the time domain. After the terminal device sends a preamble on the corresponding RO, if it cannot receive the RAR within the RAR window, the terminal device needs to wait for the next corresponding RO to send the preamble.
  • the interval between two adjacent time domain ROs often exceeds the two-way transmission delay, the delay of terminal device processing, or the length of the RAR window. Therefore, for the terminal device, only one of the multiple adjacent ROs can be used within one SSB cycle. It can be seen that the current random access method cannot give the terminal device multiple access opportunities within one SSB cycle.
  • one SSB cycle can correspond to multiple association cycles, and multiple ROs associated with the same SSB can be distributed in different association cycles to achieve discontinuity in the time domain for different ROs associated with the same SSB.
  • the terminal device if the terminal device does not have time to send the preamble code on the corresponding RO in the current association cycle, the terminal device can send the preamble code on the corresponding RO in the next association cycle.
  • the terminal device has multiple access opportunities, which can reduce the delay of random access of the terminal device and improve the efficiency of the terminal device in completing random access.
  • the terminal device can obtain the time-frequency position of the second configuration information based on the information in the target SSB, thereby receiving the second configuration information at the corresponding time-frequency position.
  • the second configuration information may be carried in a system message.
  • the second configuration information may be carried in SIB1.
  • the time-frequency position of the second configuration information acquired by the terminal device may be the time-frequency position of the search space where the system message carrying the second configuration information is located.
  • the second configuration information includes a second offset value
  • the second offset value indicates the interval duration between the second association period and the first association period
  • the second offset value may indicate the interval duration between the starting time domain position of the second association period and the starting time domain position of the first association period.
  • the second offset value indicates the interval duration between the starting time domain position of the second association period and the starting time domain position of the reference system frame.
  • the second offset value may be configured by a newly defined parameter.
  • the existing parameters may be reused to configure the first
  • the second offset value can be configured by the newly defined parameter RO_group_Offset-NTN.
  • the second offset value indicates the interval between the start time domain position of the second association period and the start time domain position of the reference system frame, the second offset value can be configured by the newly defined parameter RO_group_Offset-NTN.
  • AssociationPeriod-StartFrameOffset-NTN configures the second offset value.
  • the time granularity of the interval duration indicated by the second offset value can be any unit that can represent time, such as system frame, subframe, half frame, time slot, symbol, second, millisecond or microsecond.
  • time such as system frame, subframe, half frame, time slot, symbol, second, millisecond or microsecond.
  • the terminal device may determine the starting time domain position of the second association period according to the second offset value.
  • the terminal device can determine the starting time domain position of the second association period according to the time domain position of the first association period and the interval duration indicated by the second offset value.
  • the second offset value indicates that the interval duration between the starting time domain position of the second association period and the starting time domain position of the first association period is 2 system frames, and the starting time domain position of the first association period is the starting time domain position of the system frame with a frame number of X, then the starting time domain position of the system frame with a frame number of X+2 is the starting time domain position of the second association period.
  • the terminal device may determine the start time domain position of the second association period based on the start time domain position of the reference system frame and the interval duration indicated by the second offset value. For example, if the second offset value indicates that the interval duration between the start time domain position of the second association period and the start time domain position of the reference system frame (assuming that it is a system frame with a frame number of 0) is 4 system frames, then the start time domain position of the system frame with a frame number of 4 is the start time domain position of the second association period.
  • the terminal device may determine the RO within the second association period according to the second configuration information and the starting time domain position of the second association period.
  • the second configuration information includes information for configuring the PRACH configuration period within the second association period (hereinafter referred to as the second information).
  • the terminal device can determine the configuration of the PRACH configuration period within the second association period and the RO configuration within the PRACH configuration period according to the second information, and start the RO configuration from the starting time domain position of the second association period.
  • the terminal device maps each SSB sent by the network side within the SSB period to the corresponding RO according to the association mapping rule from SSB to RO, until all SSBs sent by the network side within the SSB period have been mapped to RO, and determines the possible values of the association period according to the association period configuration table, thereby determining the minimum value among the possible values that satisfies the complete mapping of all SSBs sent by the network side within the SSB period to RO as the second association period, and obtains the mapping relationship between RO and SSB within the first association period.
  • the terminal device can obtain the index of the SSB sent by the network device during the SSB period in the system message.
  • the specific implementation of the terminal device configuring the PRACH configuration period and the RO within the PRACH configuration period according to the second information can refer to the implementation method of the terminal device configuring the PRACH configuration period according to the relevant configuration information in the prior art, which will not be expanded here.
  • the specific implementation of the terminal device mapping each SSB included in the SSB period to the RO within the PRACH configuration period according to the association mapping rule of SSB to RO can refer to the above introduction of how the terminal device maps SSB to RO in situation 1, which will not be expanded here.
  • the first information may be different from the second information.
  • the configuration of the PRACH configuration period in the first association period may be different from the configuration of the PRACH configuration period in the second association period.
  • the preamble formats corresponding to the ROs in the PRACH configuration period may be different, the positions of the ROs in the PRACH configuration period may be different, the number of ROs in the PRACH configuration period may be different, and the like.
  • the ROs in different association periods may be independently configured, which is more flexible than using the same set of configurations, and the terminal device may choose to send the preamble code on the RO in which association period according to different situations.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the number of association periods corresponding to the SSB period in situation 2, and the number of ROs associated with the same SSB in different association periods.
  • the association mapping rule from SSB to RO is that one SSB is associated with three ROs.
  • the SSB cycle can correspond to two association cycles, namely the first association cycle and the second association cycle, wherein there are 8 ROs in the first association cycle and the second association cycle.
  • One SSB can be associated with two ROs in the first association cycle, and the 8 ROs in the first association cycle include RO0, RO0 (RO0 refers to the RO associated with SSB0), RO1 (RO1 refers to the RO associated with SSB1), RO1, RO2 (RO2 refers to the RO associated with SSB2), RO2, RO3 (RO3 refers to the RO associated with SSB3), and RO3.
  • RO0 refers to the RO associated with SSB0
  • RO1 RO1 refers to the RO associated with SSB1
  • RO1, RO2 RO2 refers to the RO associated with SSB2
  • RO2, RO3 RO3 refers to the RO associated with SSB3
  • RO3 refers to the RO associated with SSB3
  • RO3 refers to the RO associated with SSB3
  • One SSB can be associated with one RO in the second association cycle, and the second association cycle
  • the 8 ROs in the cycle include RO0, RO1, RO2, RO3 and the remaining ROs that
  • the SSB cycle may correspond to two association cycles, namely the first association cycle and the second association cycle.
  • An SSB can be associated with 2 ROs in the first association cycle, and the 8 ROs in the first association cycle include RO0, RO0, RO1, RO1, RO2, RO2, RO3, RO3.
  • An SSB can be associated with one RO in the second association cycle, and the 4 ROs in the second association cycle include RO0, RO1, RO2 and RO3.
  • the SSB cycle may correspond to three association cycles, namely the first association cycle, the second association cycle and the third association cycle.
  • One SSB is associated with 1 RO in the first association cycle, the second association cycle and the third association cycle.
  • the 8 ROs in the first association cycle include RO0, RO1, RO2, RO3 and the remaining ROs not associated with the SSB
  • the 8 ROs in the second association cycle include RO0, RO1, RO2, RO3 and the remaining ROs not associated with the SSB
  • the 8 ROs in the third association cycle include RO0, RO1, RO2, RO3 and the remaining ROs not associated with the SSB.
  • the RO is represented by the RO number in the description of this example. If the RO is represented by the index in the PRACH configuration period, the RO indexes corresponding to SSB0 are 0 and 1 respectively, the RO indexes corresponding to SSB1 are 2 and 3 respectively, the RO indexes corresponding to SSB2 are 4 and 5 respectively, the RO indexes corresponding to SSB3 are 6 and 7 respectively, the RO indexes corresponding to SSB4 are 8 and 9 respectively, the RO indexes corresponding to SSB5 are 10 and 11 respectively, the RO indexes corresponding to SSB6 are 12 and 13 respectively, and the RO indexes corresponding to SSB7 are 14 and 15 respectively.
  • the terminal device may determine the RO associated with the target SSB from the ROs within the second association period according to the association mapping relationship between the RO within the second association period and the SSB.
  • the terminal device determines the association period corresponding to the SSB period and the RO within the association period in situation 2 in combination with different exemplary scenarios.
  • the network device sends SSB0 (index is 0)-SSB255 (index is 255), and the indexes of these 256 SSBs increase in sequence.
  • the network device sends 8 SSBs in the SSB cycle every 2 system frames. Assume that the terminal device receives the first 8 SSBs in the system frame with frame number 0:
  • the terminal device can select a target SSB from one or more received SSBs, and the target SSB indicates the time-frequency position of SIB1.
  • the terminal device receives SIB1 at the corresponding time-frequency position, obtains the first offset value, the second offset value, the first information and the second information, and determines the index of the SSB sent by the network device in the SSB period.
  • Scenario 1 The interval between the start time domain position of the first association period indicated by the first offset value and the start time domain position of the reference system frame (assuming that it is a system frame with a frame number of 0) is 2 system frames.
  • the interval between the start time domain position of the second association period (assuming that the second association period is the second association period in the association period corresponding to the SSB period) and the start time domain position of the first association period is one system frame.
  • the terminal device determines the starting time domain position of the first association period as the starting time domain position of the system frame with frame number 2 based on the first offset value, and determines the starting time domain position of the second association period as the starting time domain position of the system frame with frame number 3 based on the second offset value.
  • the terminal device determines, based on the first information and the second information, that one PRACH configuration period occupies one system frame within the first association period and the second association period, and that there are eight ROs within one PRACH configuration period.
  • the terminal device configures the first PRACH configuration period in the first association period starting from the system frame with frame number 2, and maps SSB0-SSB7 to the RO in the PRACH configuration period in sequence according to the index of the SSB.
  • the terminal device configures the first PRACH configuration period in the second association period starting from the system frame with frame number 3, and maps the SSB to the RO in the PRACH configuration period in sequence according to the index of the SSB.
  • the terminal device configures the second PRACH configuration period in the first association period starting from the system frame with frame number 4, and maps SSB8-SSB15 to the RO in the PRACH configuration period in sequence according to the SSB index.
  • the terminal device configures the second PRACH configuration period in the second association period starting from the system frame with frame number 5, and maps SSB8-SSB15 to the RO in the PRACH configuration period in sequence according to the SSB index.
  • the terminal device maps other SSBs sent by the network device in the SSB cycle to the RO in the first association cycle and the RO in the second association cycle, and so on, until SSB0-SSB255 in the SSB cycle are respectively mapped to the RO in the first association cycle.
  • the mapping relationship is obtained by mapping the ROs in the first association cycle and the second association cycle as shown in FIG8.
  • ROn is associated with the SSB with index n, for example, RO1, n is 1, and RO1 is associated with SSB1.
  • the target SSB selected by the terminal device is SSB0
  • the RO associated with the target SSB in the first association cycle and the second association cycle is RO0.
  • Scenario 2 The interval between the start time domain position of the first association period indicated by the first offset value and the start time domain position of the reference system frame (assuming that it is a system frame with a frame number of 0) is 2 system frames.
  • the second offset value indicates that the interval between the start time domain position of the second association period and the start time domain position of the first association period is 33 system frames.
  • the terminal device determines the starting time domain position of the first association period as the starting time domain position of the system frame with frame number 2 based on the first offset value, and determines the starting time domain position of the second association period as the starting time domain position of the system frame with frame number 35 based on the second offset value.
  • the terminal device determines, based on the first information and the second information, that one PRACH configuration period in the first association period and the second association period occupies two system frames, and that there are eight ROs in one PRACH configuration period.
  • the terminal device configures the first PRACH configuration period in the first association period starting from the system frame with frame number 2, and maps SSB0-SSB7 to the RO in the PRACH configuration period in sequence according to the index of the SSB.
  • the terminal device configures the first PRACH configuration period in the second association period starting from the system frame with frame number 35, and maps SSB0-SSB7 to the RO in the PRACH configuration period in sequence according to the index of the SSB.
  • the terminal device configures the second PRACH configuration period in the first association period starting from the system frame with frame number 4, and maps SSB8-SSB15 to the RO in the PRACH configuration period in sequence according to the SSB index.
  • the terminal device configures the second PRACH configuration period in the second association period starting from the system frame with frame number 37, and maps SSB8-SSB15 to the RO in the PRACH configuration period in sequence according to the SSB index.
  • the terminal device maps other SSBs sent by the network device in the SSB cycle to the RO in the first association cycle and the RO in the second association cycle, and so on, until SSB0-SSB255 in the SSB cycle are completely mapped in the first association cycle and the second association cycle, respectively, to obtain the mapping relationship shown in Figure 9.
  • ROn is associated with the SSB with index n, for example, RO1, n is 1, and RO1 is associated with SSB1.
  • the target SSB selected by the terminal device is SSB0
  • the RO associated with the target SSB in the first association cycle and the second association cycle is RO0.
  • the first information and the second information are the same.
  • the following describes an exemplary scenario in which the first information is different from the second information, and the configuration of the PRACH configuration period in the first association period is different from the configuration of the PRACH configuration period in the second association period.
  • Scenario 3 The interval between the start time domain position of the first association period indicated by the first offset value and the start time domain position of the reference system frame (assuming that it is a system frame with a frame number of 0) is 2 system frames.
  • the second offset value indicates that the interval between the start time domain position of the second association period and the start time domain position of the reference system frame is 3 system frames.
  • the terminal device determines the starting time domain position of the first association period as the starting time domain position of the system frame with frame number 2 based on the first offset value, and determines the starting time domain position of the second association period as the starting time domain position of the system frame with frame number 3 based on the second offset value.
  • the terminal device determines, based on the first information, that one PRACH configuration period in the first association period occupies one system frame and that there are eight ROs in one PRACH configuration period.
  • the terminal device determines, based on the second information, that one PRACH configuration period in the second association period occupies one system frame and that there are four ROs in one PRACH configuration period.
  • the terminal device configures the first PRACH configuration period in the first association period starting from the system frame with frame number 2, and maps SSB0-SSB7 to the RO in the PRACH configuration period in sequence according to the index of the SSB.
  • the terminal device configures the first PRACH configuration period in the second association period starting from the system frame with frame number 3, and maps SSB0-SSB3 to the RO in the PRACH configuration period in sequence according to the index of the SSB.
  • the terminal device configures the second PRACH configuration period in the first association period starting from the system frame with frame number 4, and maps SSB8-SSB15 to the RO in the PRACH configuration period in sequence according to the index of the SSB.
  • the terminal device configures the second PRACH configuration period in the second association period starting from the system frame with frame number 5, and maps SSB4-SSB7 to the RO in the PRACH configuration period in sequence according to the index of the SSB.
  • the terminal device maps the received SSBs to the RO in the first association cycle and the RO in the second association cycle, and so on, until SSB0-SSB255 in the SSB cycle are completely mapped in the first association cycle and the second association cycle, respectively, to obtain the mapping relationship shown in Figure 10.
  • ROn is associated with the SSB with index n, for example, RO1, n is 1, and RO1 is associated with SSB1.
  • the target SSB selected by the terminal device is SSB0
  • the RO associated with the target SSB in the first association period and the second association period is RO0.
  • the values of the number of SSBs, offset values, number of ROs in the PRACH period, etc. are all examples, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific values.
  • the terminal device determines one or more ROs associated with the target SSB, it selects an RO from among them and sends a preamble on the RO.
  • the network device receives the preamble sent by the terminal device on the RO.
  • the terminal device can randomly select an RO from one or more ROs associated with the target SSB, or the terminal device can select an RO closest to the current time point from one or more ROs associated with the target SSB, or the terminal device can also select an RO from one or more ROs associated with the target SSB in other ways, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides another random access method, and its interaction diagram is shown in Figure 11.
  • Figure 11 uses a network device and a terminal device as an example to illustrate the method, but the present application does not limit the execution subject of the interaction diagram.
  • the network device in Figure 11 may also be a chip, a chip system, or a processor that supports the network device to implement the method, or a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the network device functions;
  • the terminal device in Figure 11 may also be a chip, a chip system, or a processor that supports the terminal device to implement the method, or a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the terminal device functions.
  • the random access method includes S1101-S1104:
  • the terminal device receives a target synchronization signal block within a synchronization signal block period from a network device.
  • the terminal device receives third configuration information from the network device according to the target synchronization signal block; the third configuration information is used to indicate that there is an RO in the first reference time unit within the PRACH configuration period, and the reference time unit is a subframe or a time slot; or, the third configuration information is used to indicate that the number of reference time units in which there are ROs within the PRACH configuration period is an integer multiple of 2.
  • the terminal device determines a random access timing associated with the target synchronization signal block based on the third configuration information and the target synchronization signal block.
  • the terminal device sends a preamble code to the network device at a random access opportunity among the random access opportunities associated with the target synchronization signal block.
  • the current protocol stipulates that in the FR1 frequency band, the number of subframes containing ROs supported by the PRACH configuration period of a single system frame is 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10, and the subframes containing ROs are discontinuous.
  • the number of SSBs is an integer multiple of 8
  • when mapping SSBs to ROs RO resources that are not integer multiples of the number of SSBs will not be able to establish an association relationship with SSBs and will become invalid, resulting in a waste of uplink resources.
  • the first 8 ROs can be mapped with 8 SSBs, and the remaining 2 RO resources have no mapped SSBs and will become invalid and cannot be used to send ROs or data transmission, resulting in a waste of resources.
  • the subframes containing ROs are dispersed, the remaining time-frequency resources that can be used for uplink data transmission are discontinuous. For uplink signaling with a large load, it is difficult to have continuous time-frequency resources that can be used for transmission, which affects access performance.
  • the terminal device can determine that there is a RO on the first reference time unit in the PRACH configuration period based on the third configuration information.
  • the reference time unit with the RO can be placed as early as possible in the PRACH configuration period, and the remaining continuous time-frequency resources can be used for uplink data transmission.
  • the terminal device can determine that the number of reference time units with RO in the PRACH configuration period is an integer multiple of 2 based on the third configuration information, so as to avoid the situation where the number of SSBs is an integer multiple of 8, because the RO resources that are not an integer multiple of the number of SSBs cannot establish an association relationship with the SSB and become invalid, resulting in a waste of uplink resources.
  • S1101 can refer to the above introduction to S601, which will not be elaborated here.
  • the third configuration information may be carried in a system message, for example, in SIB1.
  • the specific implementation of the terminal device acquiring the third configuration information according to the target SSB may refer to the above introduction to acquiring the first configuration information in S602.
  • the third configuration information may be configuration information for configuring a PRACH configuration period.
  • the third configuration information may indicate that an RO exists in the first reference time unit within the PRACH configuration period.
  • the first reference time unit is the earliest reference time unit in the time domain within the PRACH configuration period.
  • the third configuration information may indicate that the number of reference time units in which an RO exists within the PRACH configuration period is an integer multiple of 2.
  • the reference time unit may be a subframe or a time slot.
  • the third configuration information indicates that the first subframe in the PRACH configuration period has an RO.
  • the third configuration information indicates that the number of time slots in which the RO exists in the PRACH configuration period is 2, 4, 6 or 8.
  • the reference time units in which RO exists within the PRACH configuration period indicated by the third configuration information may also be continuous in the time domain.
  • the third configuration information indicates that within the PRACH configuration period, 4 subframes with indexes of 1, 2, 3, and 4 are subframes in which RO exists. Based on this solution, continuous uplink resources can be provided for sending RO, thereby improving access performance.
  • the third configuration information may indicate that the reference time unit in which the RO exists within the PRACH configuration period is the first N reference time units within the PRACH configuration period, where N is an integer multiple of 2.
  • the third configuration information indicates that the RO exists in the first 8 time slots within the PRACH configuration period.
  • the third configuration information may indicate the reference time unit in which the RO exists within the PRACH configuration period in the form of the following Table 3.
  • the PRACH configuration index 1 indicates that within the PRACH configuration period, the index of the subframe in which the RO exists is 0, that is, within the PRACH configuration period, the first subframe has the RO.
  • PRACH configuration indexes 2-4 may indicate that within the PRACH configuration period, the subframes with RO are front and continuous in the time domain, and the number of subframes with RO is an integer multiple of 2.
  • PRACH configuration index 2 indicates that within the PRACH configuration period, the indexes of the subframes with RO are 0 and 1, that is, within the PRACH configuration period, the first subframe and the second subframe have RO.
  • PRACH configuration index 3 indicates that within the PRACH configuration period, the indexes of the subframes with RO are 0, 1, 2, and 3, that is, within the PRACH configuration period, the first 4 subframes have RO.
  • PRACH configuration index 4 indicates that within the PRACH configuration period, the indexes of the subframes with RO include 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, that is, within the PRACH configuration period, the first 8 subframes have RO.
  • PRACH configuration indexes 5-9 may indicate that within the PRACH configuration period, the subframes with RO are earlier in the time domain, and the number of subframes with RO is an integer multiple of 2.
  • PRACH configuration index 5 indicates that within the PRACH configuration period, the indexes of the subframes with RO include 0 and 2, that is, within the PRACH configuration period, the first subframe and the third subframe have RO.
  • PRACH configuration index 6 indicates that within the PRACH configuration period, the indexes of the subframes with RO include 0, 2, 4, and 6, that is, within the PRACH configuration period, the first subframe, the third subframe, the fifth subframe, and the seventh subframe have RO.
  • PRACH configuration index 7 indicates that within the PRACH configuration period, the indexes of the subframes with RO include 1, 3, 5, and 7, that is, within the PRACH configuration period, the second subframe, the fourth subframe, the sixth subframe, and the eighth subframe have RO.
  • PRACH configuration index 8 indicates that the indexes of subframes with RO in the PRACH configuration period include 2, 4, 6 and 8, that is, in the PRACH configuration period, RO exists in the third subframe, the fifth subframe, the seventh subframe and the ninth subframe.
  • PRACH configuration index 9 indicates that the indexes of subframes with RO in the PRACH configuration period include 0, 3, 6 and 9, that is, in the PRACH configuration period, RO exists in the first subframe, the fourth subframe, the seventh subframe and the tenth subframe.
  • the correspondence between the PRACH configuration index and the index of the subframe in which the RO exists shown in Table 3 above is an exemplary form of a reference time unit indicating the existence of the RO given in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific form of the reference time unit indicating the existence of the RO.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific form of the correspondence between the PRACH configuration index and the index of the reference time unit of RO within the PRACH configuration period in the third configuration information.
  • the third configuration information may include any one or more rows in Table 3 above.
  • the index of the subframe where RO exists in Table 3 above can be adjusted to the index of the time slot where RO exists.
  • the third configuration information may further configure at least one of the following:
  • the preamble format on the RO the duration of the PRACH configuration period, the starting symbol position of the RO within the PRACH configuration period, the number of PRACH time slots in a subframe, the number of ROs in a PRACH time slot, and the number of symbols occupied by a RO.
  • the third configuration information may indicate the reference time unit in which the RO exists within the PRACH configuration period in the form of the following Table 4.
  • the preamble format is B4, indicating that the preamble format of the preamble code on the RO in the PRACH configuration period is B4.
  • the subframe numbers are 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7, indicating that in the PRACH configuration period, the indexes of the subframes with RO include 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7, that is, in the PRACH configuration period, the first 8 subframes have RO.
  • l 0 is 0, indicating that in the PRACH configuration period, the index of the starting symbol of RO is 0.
  • the index of the reference time unit in which the RO exists in different system frames configured by the third configuration information may be the same.
  • the PRACH configuration period is multiple system frames, the system frame for starting to configure RO can be deduced by analogy, which will not be repeated here.
  • the subframe number ⁇ 0,1,10,11 ⁇ can be understood as, within the PRACH configuration period, starting from the system frame where RO is started to be configured, the index of the subframe with RO in the first system frame is 0 and 1, and the index of the subframe with RO in the second system frame is also 0 and 1 (corresponding to subframe numbers 10 and 11).
  • the subframe numbers are ⁇ 0, 1, 2, 3, 10, 11, 12, 13 ⁇ , indicating that within the PRACH configuration period, starting from the system frame in which the RO is configured, the indexes of the subframes in which the RO exists in the first system frame are 0, 1, 2, 3, and the indexes of the subframes in which the RO exists in the second system frame are also 0, 1, 2, 3 (corresponding to subframe numbers 10, 11, 12, 13).
  • the third configuration information may also indicate the reference time unit in which the RO exists within the PRACH configuration period in the form of the following Table 5.
  • the subframe number corresponding to the PRACH configuration index refers to the subframe number in a system frame. Since Table 5 is established based on a scenario in which a system frame includes 10 subframes, the subframe numbers range from 0 to 9, and the maximum value is 9, therefore, in Table 5, the subframe number corresponding to a PRACH configuration index does not exceed 9. It can be understood that if the number of subframes included in a subsequent system frame is adjusted, for example, increased to 12 subframes or reduced to 8 subframes, the maximum value of the subframe number corresponding to the PRACH configuration index in Table 5 can also be adjusted accordingly, not exceeding the maximum value of the subframe number in a system frame.
  • the index of the reference time unit in which the RO exists in different system frames configured by the third configuration information may be the same.
  • the subframe number corresponding to the PRACH configuration index is the index of the subframe in which the RO exists in the system frame.
  • the preamble format is B4, indicating that the preamble format of the preamble code on the RO in the PRACH configuration period is B4.
  • the subframe number is 0, 1, 2, 3, indicating that within the PRACH configuration period, if the system frame includes a subframe with RO, the index of the subframe with RO includes 0, 1, 2, 3.
  • the 1st system frame and the 2nd system frame include subframes with RO, and the indexes of the subframes with RO in the 1st system frame are 0, 1, 2, 3 (corresponding to subframe numbers 0, 1, 2, 3), and the indexes of the subframes with RO in the 2nd system frame are also 0, 1, 2, 3 (corresponding to subframe numbers 0, 1, 2, 3).
  • l 0 is 0, indicating that the index of the starting symbol of RO is 0 within the PRACH configuration period. If it is 1, it means that in the PRACH configuration period, one subframe includes one PRACH time slot. If it is 1, it means that one PRACH time slot includes one RO. The value is 12, which means that one RO occupies 12 symbols.
  • the specific content in the table is only an example, the format/value of different information in the table can be adjusted, the information in the table can be deleted or added to the table, and the rows and columns in the table can also be arbitrarily combined to form a new third configuration information in the form of a table.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not limit the content and form of the third configuration information.
  • the terminal device can determine the RO configuration within the PRACH configuration period according to the third configuration information, that is, the RO configuration within each PRACH configuration period within the associated period, thereby determining the RO within the associated period, and mapping the SSB within the SSB period to the RO within the associated period. Then, the terminal device determines the RO associated with the target SSB according to the index of the target SSB. Among them, the terminal device determines the RO within the associated period according to the configuration of the PRACH configuration period, and maps the SSB within the SSB period to the RO within the associated period.
  • the terminal device determines the RO within the associated period according to the configuration of the PRACH configuration period, and maps the SSB within the SSB period to the RO within the associated period.
  • the starting time domain position of the association period can be the starting time domain position of the system frame with frame number 0.
  • the terminal device can determine the starting time domain position of the association period according to the existing protocol, thereby determining the RO within the association period in combination with the third configuration information.
  • the terminal device can determine the starting time domain position of one or more association periods (e.g., the first association period and/or the second association period) corresponding to the SSB period in a manner as shown in the method embodiment of Figure 6, thereby determining the RO within the association period in combination with the third configuration information.
  • the third configuration information may also be the first configuration information or the second configuration information.
  • the terminal device may determine, based on the first configuration information, that within the first associated period, an RO exists in the first reference time unit within the PRACH configuration period, or that the number of reference time units with RO within the PRACH configuration period is an integer multiple of 2.
  • the terminal device may determine, based on the second configuration information, that within the second associated period, an RO exists in the first reference time unit within the PRACH configuration period, or that the number of reference time units with RO within the PRACH configuration period is an integer multiple of 2.
  • the actual time unit may be different from the reference time unit in the third configuration information.
  • the terminal device may determine the time unit in which the RO exists within the PRACH configuration period according to the relationship between the reference time unit in the third configuration information and the actual time unit.
  • the present application does not limit the specific implementation of the terminal device determining the time unit in which the RO exists within the PRACH configuration period according to the third configuration information.
  • the reference time unit in which the RO exists is a subframe when the subcarrier spacing is 15kHz, one subframe corresponds to one time slot, and the third configuration information indicates that the RO exists in the first subframe within the PRACH configuration period.
  • the subcarrier spacing is 30kHz, and one subframe includes 2 time slots.
  • the terminal device can configure the two time slots included in the first subframe to have RO, or, it can also configure the first time slot of the two time slots included in the first subframe to have RO, or, it can also configure the second time slot of the two time slots included in the first subframe to have RO.
  • the terminal device determines the RO configuration within the PRACH configuration period according to the third configuration information, if the actual time unit is the same as the reference time unit in the third configuration information, the terminal device can directly determine the time unit in which the RO exists within the PRACH configuration period according to the indication of the third configuration information.
  • the reference time unit in which the RO exists is a subframe when the subcarrier spacing is 15kHz, one subframe corresponds to one time slot, and the third configuration information indicates that the RO exists in the first subframe within the PRACH configuration period.
  • the terminal device determines the RO configuration within the PRACH configuration period according to the third configuration information, the subcarrier spacing is 15kHz, and the terminal device can configure the RO to exist in the time slot corresponding to the first subframe.
  • S1104 may refer to the above introduction to S604, which will not be elaborated here.
  • the terminal device can select an SSB and select an RO corresponding to the SSB, and send the preamble on the selected RO.
  • the selected RO may not be the RO corresponding to the best SSB at the current moment. For example, in the NTN system, assuming that the target SSB selected by the terminal device in the received SSB is SSB#0, the terminal device receives SSB#0 at time t1, and determines that the RO corresponding to SSB#0 is RO#0, so the preamble is sent on RO#0 at time t2.
  • the best SSB serving the terminal device at time t2 is no longer SSB#0, which will cause the preamble sent by the terminal device on RO#0 at time t2 to be unable to be correctly received by the network side, affecting the access performance.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a solution that can constrain the RO selected by the terminal device.
  • the terminal device expects that the interval between the moment when the RO selected by the terminal device for sending the preamble (which can be called the target RO) is located and the moment when the terminal device receives the target SSB does not exceed a certain duration (this timing can be called the effective duration or validity period, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit its specific name). It can also be understood that the terminal device expects the selected RO to be within the effective duration.
  • the time at which the target RO is located may be the time at which any time domain position corresponding to the target RO is located (eg, the starting time domain position or the ending time domain position of the RO).
  • the terminal device selects the target RO whose time is within t1+T from the ROs associated with the target SSB to send the preamble code.
  • the value of the effective duration may be pre-configured by the terminal device, or may be pre-defined by the protocol.
  • the network device may pre-configure the same value of the effective duration, or the value of the effective duration may be pre-agreed by the terminal device and the network device.
  • the terminal device and the network device may pre-agreed that the effective duration is 160ms, 320ms, or 640ms.
  • the protocol may define the effective duration as 160ms, 320ms, or 640ms.
  • the value of the effective duration may also be indicated by the network device.
  • the network device may configure the effective duration to be 160ms, 320ms, or 640ms through a system message or RRC signaling.
  • the value of the effective duration may also be predefined by the protocol and indicated by the network device.
  • the network device indicates through system information that the SSB period is 160ms.
  • the terminal device determines that the effective duration is 160ms.
  • the valid duration may be less than or equal to the SSB period.
  • the validity period can be set to keep the SSB beam direction of the same SSB index unchanged in one or more SSB periods. Alternatively, it can be set to the minimum length for which the service area of the SSB beam with the same SSB index remains unchanged within one or more SSB periods.
  • the duration during which the SSB beam direction corresponding to each SSB index or the service area of the SSB beam corresponding to each SSB index remains unchanged within one or more SSB cycles may be pre-agreed upon by the network device and the terminal device, may be pre-defined by the protocol, or may be indicated by the network device to the terminal device.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific implementation method by which the terminal device determines the duration during which the SSB beam direction of the same SSB index or the service area of the SSB beam of the same SSB index remains unchanged.
  • the network device sends 64 SSBs within 160ms, wherein the beam direction of SSB0 is beam 0, serving ground area 0, and the beam direction of SSB1 is beam 1, serving ground area 1.
  • the beam direction corresponding to SSB0 in the first 160ms (1st SSB period) and the second 160ms (2nd SSB period) remains unchanged, both are beam 0, or the corresponding serving ground area remains unchanged, both are ground area 0.
  • the duration of 320ms during which the SSB beam direction or SSB beam serving ground area corresponding to SSB0 remains unchanged is the shortest among the durations during which the SSB beam directions or SSB beam serving ground areas corresponding to the 64 SSBs sent by the network device remain unchanged.
  • the effective duration can be set to the minimum time of 320ms during which the SSB beam service area or SSB beam direction of the same SSB index remains unchanged.
  • the terminal device can constrain the RO selected for sending the preamble code to be within the validity period, thereby avoiding the situation where the SSB corresponding to the RO selected by the terminal device is not the optimal SSB at the current moment, ensuring the performance of the RO selected by the terminal device and improving the performance of sending random access requests.
  • the random access method shown in Figure 6 the random access method shown in Figure 11 and the above-mentioned scheme for constraining RO within the validity period provided in the embodiment of the present application can be used in combination with each other or independently, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.
  • the methods and/or steps implemented by the terminal device may also be implemented by components (such as chips or circuits) that can be used in the terminal device.
  • the methods and/or steps implemented by the network device may also be implemented by components (such as chips or circuits) that can be used in the network device.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a communication device, which is used to implement the above various methods.
  • the communication device can be a terminal device in the above method embodiment, or a device including the above terminal device, or a component that can be used for a terminal device; or, the communication device can be a network device in the above method embodiment, or a device including the above network device, or a component that can be used for a network device.
  • the communication device includes a hardware structure and/or software module corresponding to each function.
  • the present application can be implemented in the form of hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is executed in the form of hardware or computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to exceed the scope of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application can divide the functional modules of the communication device according to the above method embodiment.
  • each functional module can be divided according to each function, or two or more functions can be integrated into one processing module.
  • the above integrated module can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional modules. It should be noted that the division of modules in the embodiment of the present application is schematic and is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation.
  • FIG12 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device 1200.
  • the communication device 1200 includes an interface module 1201 and a processing module 1202.
  • the interface module 1201 may also be referred to as a transceiver module or a transceiver unit.
  • the interface module 1201 is used to implement the transceiver function, and may be, for example, a transceiver circuit, a transceiver, a transceiver or a communication interface.
  • the interface module 1201 is used to receive a target synchronization signal block within a synchronization signal block period from a network device; the processing module 1202 is used to receive first configuration information from the network device according to the target synchronization signal block, and the first The configuration information includes a first offset value, which indicates the interval between the starting time domain position of the first association period and the starting time domain position of the reference system frame, and the first association period is the first association period of one or more association periods corresponding to the synchronization signal block period; the processing module 1202 is also used to determine the random access opportunity associated with the target synchronization signal block within one or more association periods based on the first configuration information and the target synchronization signal block; the interface module 1201 is also used to send a preamble code to the network device at a random access opportunity among the random access opportunities associated with the target synchronization signal block.
  • the target synchronization signal block is associated with multiple random access opportunities, and the synchronization signal block period corresponds to multiple association periods;
  • the interface module 1201 is also used to receive second configuration information from the network device according to the target synchronization signal block, and the second configuration information is used to configure the random access opportunity in the second association period;
  • the second configuration information includes a second offset value;
  • the second offset value indicates the interval length between the second association period and the first association period, or the second offset value indicates the interval length between the starting time domain position of the second association period and the starting time domain position of the reference system frame;
  • the processing module 1202 is also used to determine the starting time domain position of the second association period according to the second configuration information;
  • the processing module 1202 is also used to determine the random access opportunity within the second association period according to the second configuration information and the starting time domain position of the second association period;
  • the processing module 1202 is also used to determine the random access opportunity associated with the target synchronization signal block within the second association period according to the target synchronization signal block.
  • the second configuration information is used to configure the random access opportunity in the second association period, including: the second configuration information is used to indicate that there is a random access opportunity in the first reference time unit within the random access configuration period included in the second association period, and the reference time unit is a time slot or a subframe; or, the second configuration information is used to indicate that the number of reference time units for random access opportunities within the random access configuration period included in the second association period is an integer multiple of 2.
  • the second configuration information is used to indicate that the number of reference time units for random access opportunities within the random access configuration period included in the second association period is an integer multiple of 2, including: the second configuration information is used to indicate that the number of reference time units for random access opportunities within the random access configuration period included in the second association period is an integer multiple of 2, and the reference time units for random access opportunities are continuous in the time domain.
  • the second configuration information is used to indicate that the reference time unit in which there is a random access opportunity within the random access configuration period included in the second association period is the first N reference time units in the random access configuration period, where N is an integer multiple of 2.
  • the first configuration information includes first information, and the first information is used to configure the random access timing in a first association period;
  • the second configuration information includes second information, and the second information is used to configure the random access timing in a second association period; the first information is different from the second information.
  • the first information and the second information are used to configure a preamble format corresponding to a random access opportunity.
  • the first offset value is one of the number of symbols, the number of time slots, the number of subframes, or the number of system frames.
  • the interface module 1201 sends a preamble code to the network device at a random access opportunity among the random access opportunities associated with the target synchronization signal block, including: sending a preamble code to the network device at a target random access opportunity among the random access opportunities associated with the target synchronization signal block; wherein, the interval duration between the moment at which the target random access opportunity is located and the moment at which the target synchronization signal block is located does not exceed the effective duration.
  • the valid duration is preconfigured by the terminal device or the network device or the protocol, or is indicated by the network device, or the valid duration is predefined by the protocol and indicated by the network device.
  • the communication device 1200 is presented in the form of dividing various functional modules in an integrated manner.
  • the "module” here may refer to a specific ASIC, circuit, processor and memory that executes one or more software or firmware programs, integrated logic circuit, and/or other devices that can provide the above functions.
  • the communication device 1200 may take the form of the terminal device shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the processor 401 in the terminal device shown in FIG4 can call the computer execution instructions stored in the memory 402, so that the terminal device executes the random access method in the above method embodiment.
  • the functions/implementation processes of the interface module 1201 and the processing module 1202 in FIG12 can be implemented by the processor 401 in the terminal device shown in FIG4 calling the computer execution instructions stored in the memory 402.
  • the functions/implementation processes of the processing module 1202 in FIG12 can be implemented by the processor 401 in the terminal device shown in FIG4 calling the computer execution instructions stored in the memory 402
  • the functions/implementation processes of the interface module 1201 in FIG12 can be implemented by the transceiver 403 in the terminal device shown in FIG4.
  • the communication device 1200 provided in this embodiment can execute the above random access method, the technical effect that can be obtained can be Please refer to the above method embodiment, which will not be described again here.
  • FIG. 13 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device 1300.
  • the communication device 1300 includes an interface module 1301.
  • the interface module 1301 is used to implement the transceiver function, for example, it can be a transceiver circuit, a transceiver, a transceiver or a communication interface.
  • the interface module 1301 is used to send a target synchronization signal block within a synchronization signal block period to a terminal device; the interface module 1301 is also used to send first configuration information to the terminal device, the first configuration information including a first offset value, the first offset value indicating the interval between a starting time domain position of a first association period and a starting time domain position of a reference system frame, the first association period being the first association period of one or more association periods corresponding to the synchronization signal block period; the interface module 1301 is also used to receive a preamble code from the terminal device at a random access opportunity among the random access opportunities associated with the target synchronization signal block within one or more association periods.
  • the target synchronization signal block is associated with multiple random access opportunities, and the synchronization signal block period corresponds to multiple association periods; the interface module 1301 is also used to send second configuration information to the terminal device, the second configuration information is used to configure the random access opportunity in the second association period, the second configuration information includes a second offset value, the second offset value indicates the interval length between the second association period and the first association period, or the second offset value indicates the interval length between the starting time domain position of the second association period and the starting time domain position of the reference system frame.
  • the second configuration information is used to configure the random access opportunity in the second association period, including: the second configuration information is used to indicate that there is a random access opportunity in the first reference time unit within the random access configuration period included in the second association period, and the reference time unit is a subframe or a time slot; or, the second configuration information is used to indicate that the number of reference time units for random access opportunities within the random access configuration period included in the second association period is an integer multiple of 2.
  • the second configuration information is used to indicate that the number of reference time units for random access opportunities within the random access configuration period included in the second association period is an integer multiple of 2, including: the second configuration information is used to indicate that the number of reference time units for random access opportunities within the random access configuration period included in the second association period is an integer multiple of 2, and the reference time units for random access opportunities are continuous in the time domain.
  • the second configuration information is used to indicate that the reference time unit in which there is a random access opportunity within the random access configuration period included in the second association period is the first N reference time units in the random access configuration period, where N is an integer multiple of 2.
  • the first configuration information includes first information, and the first information is used to configure the random access timing in a first association period;
  • the second configuration information includes second information, and the second information is used to configure the random access timing in a second association period; the first information is different from the second information.
  • the first information and the second information are used to configure a preamble format corresponding to a random access opportunity.
  • the first offset value is one of the number of symbols, the number of time slots, the number of subframes, or the number of system frames.
  • the interface module 1301 receives a preamble code from the terminal device at a random access opportunity among the random access opportunities associated with the target synchronization signal block within one or more associated periods, including: receiving a preamble code from the terminal device at a target random access opportunity among the random access opportunities associated with the target synchronization signal block within one or more associated periods; wherein the interval duration between the moment at which the target random access opportunity is located and the moment at which the target synchronization signal block is located does not exceed the effective duration.
  • the valid duration is preconfigured by the terminal device or the network device or the protocol, or is indicated by the network device, or the valid duration is predefined by the protocol and indicated by the network device.
  • the communication device 1300 is presented in the form of dividing various functional modules in an integrated manner.
  • the "module” here may refer to a specific ASIC, circuit, processor and memory that executes one or more software or firmware programs, integrated logic circuit, and/or other devices that can provide the above functions.
  • the communication device 1300 may be in the form of the network device shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the processor 301 in the network device shown in FIG4 can call the computer execution instructions stored in the memory 302 to enable the network device to perform the random access method in the above method embodiment.
  • the function/implementation process of the interface module 1301 in FIG13 can be implemented by the processor 301 in the network device shown in FIG4 calling the computer execution instructions stored in the memory 302.
  • the function/implementation process of the interface module 1301 in FIG13 can be implemented by the processor 301 in the network device shown in FIG3
  • the transceiver 303 is used to implement the above.
  • the communication device 1300 provided in this embodiment can execute the above-mentioned random access method, the technical effects that can be obtained can refer to the above-mentioned method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.
  • one or more of the above modules or units can be implemented by software, hardware or a combination of the two.
  • the software exists in the form of computer program instructions and is stored in a memory, and the processor can be used to execute the program instructions and implement the above method flow.
  • the processor can be built into an SoC (system on chip) or an ASIC, or it can be an independent semiconductor chip.
  • SoC system on chip
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • it can further include necessary hardware accelerators, such as FPGAs, programmable logic devices (PLDs), or logic circuits that implement dedicated logic operations.
  • the hardware can be any one or any combination of a CPU, a microprocessor, a DSP chip, a microcontroller unit (MCU), an artificial intelligence processor, an ASIC, a SoC, an FPGA, a PLD, a dedicated digital circuit, a hardware accelerator or a non-integrated discrete device, which can run the necessary software or not rely on the software to execute the above method flow.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a chip system, comprising: at least one processor and an interface, wherein the at least one processor is coupled to a memory via the interface, and when the at least one processor executes a computer program or instruction in the memory, the method in any of the above method embodiments is executed.
  • the communication device also includes a memory.
  • the chip system may be composed of a chip, or may include a chip and other discrete devices, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • all or part of the embodiments may be implemented by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof.
  • all or part of the embodiments may be implemented in the form of computer program products.
  • the present application provides a computer program product including one or more computer instructions, which, when executed on a communication device, enables any method of the embodiments of the present application to be executed.
  • the computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device.
  • the computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which instructions are stored, and when the computer-readable storage medium is run on a communication device, any method of the embodiment of the present application is executed.
  • Computer instructions can be transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium.
  • the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server or data center to another website, computer, server or data center by wired (e.g., coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means.
  • Computer-readable storage media can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center, etc. that includes one or more available media integrated therein. Available media can be magnetic media (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, tapes), optical media [e.g., digital versatile discs (DVD)], or semiconductor media (e.g., solid state drives (SSD)), etc.

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Abstract

本申请提供了随机接入方法、装置及***，应用于通信技术领域。本申请提供的随机接入方法包括：接收来自网络设备的目标同步信号块和第一配置信息，第一配置信息包括第一偏移值，第一偏移值指示第一关联周期的起始时域位置与参考***帧的起始时域位置之间的间隔时长；然后，根据第一配置信息和目标同步信号块，确定一个或多个关联周期内与目标同步信号块关联的随机接入时机，最后，在目标同步信号块关联的一个随机接入时机上向网络设备发送前导码。基于本方案，关联周期的起始时域位置相比参考***帧可以有一定偏移，从而可以提高终端设备能够在当前的关联周期内的随机接入时机上发送前导码的概率，提高终端设备完成随机接入的效率。

Description

随机接入方法、装置及***
本申请要求于2022年09月30日提交国家知识产权局、申请号为202211215716.4、申请名称为“随机接入方法、装置及***”的中国专利申请的优先权，以及于2023年05月15号提交国家知识产权局、申请号为202310545494.0、申请名称为“随机接入方法、装置及***”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及随机接入方法、装置及***。
背景技术
在新空口(new radio，NR)通信***中，终端设备需要通过随机接入方式来接入网络设备，完成上行同步。
在终端设备发起随机接入前，网络设备会周期性广播同步信号块(synchronization signal block，SSB)。其中，网络设备广播的一个或多个SSB通过SSB的索引号(index)进行区分，网络设备广播SSB的周期可以称为SSB周期。同时，网络设备会配置一个随机接入配置周期(physical random access channel configuration period)，在此随机接入配置周期内配置一定数量的随机接入时机(random access channel occasion，RO)，并将广播的SSB与RO进行关联映射。其中，被SSB映射的RO所在的一个或多个随机接入配置周期组成的周期称之为关联周期(association period)或者映射周期(mapping period)。SSB的关联周期从帧号0开始映射关联，关联周期取配置表中PRACH配置周期的最小值，并要求能满足所有配置的SSB与关联周期内的RO至少完整映射一次。如果在一个映射内，整个SSB到RO的循环整数倍映射结束后，还有一些RO没有被映射到，那么这些RO将不会再和SSB建立映射关系。进一步的，终端设备接收网络设备广播的一个或多个SSB之后，可以选择一个SSB，并在该SSB关联的RO上发送前导码，以向网络设备请求接入。
但是，按照目前的随机接入方案，终端设备完成随机接入的效率较低，可能无法达到某些通信***的要求。例如，目前关联周期的起始时域位置为帧号为0的***帧的起始时域位置，这样，终端设备在选择SSB后，可能来不及在当前的映射周期内的该SSB关联的RO上发送前导码，而需要等到下一个映射周期，才能在下一个映射周期内的RO上发送前导码，增加了业务时延。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种随机接入方法、装置及***，用于解决目前的随机接入方案终端设备完成随机接入效率低的问题。
为达到上述目的，本申请的实施例采用如下技术方案：
第一方面，提供了一种随机接入方法，该方法可以由终端设备执行，也可以由终端设备的部件(例如处理器、芯片、或芯片***等)执行，还可以由能实现全部或部分终端设备功能的逻辑模块或软件实现。该方法包括：接收来自网络设备的同步信号块周期内的目标同步信号块；根据目标同步信号块，接收来自网络设备的第一配置信息，第一配置信息包括第一偏移值，第一偏移值指示第一关联周期的起始时域位置与参考***帧的起始时域位置之间的间隔时长，第一关联周期为同步信号块周期对应的一个或多个关联周期中的第一个关联周期；根据第一配置信息和目标同步信号块，确定一个或多个关联周期内与目标同步信号块关联的随机接入时机；在目标同步信号块关联的随机接入时机中的一个随机接入时机上向网络设备发送前导码。
目前，关联周期需要从帧号为0的***帧开始，终端设备接收到SSB后，基于一些因素影响，例如终端设备位于波束数量大，资源有限的场景(例如NTN***)中，又例如双向传输时延和终端设备处理时延等，终端设备可能来不及在当前的关联周期内的对应RO上发送前导码，增加了随机接入的时延。而基于本申请实施例提供的随机接入方法，终端设备可以根据第一偏移值，确定起始时域位置在参考***帧之后的关联周期，换言之，本申请实施例中，关联周期的起始时域 位置相比参考***帧可以有一定偏移，从而可以提高终端设备能够在当前的关联周期内的RO上发送前导码的概率，降低终端设备随机接入的时延，提高终端设备完成随机接入的效率。
结合上述第一方面，在一种可能的设计中，目标同步信号块关联多个随机接入时机，同步信号块周期对应多个关联周期；该方法还包括：根据目标同步信号块，接收来自网络设备的第二配置信息，第二配置信息用于配置第二关联周期中的随机接入时机；第二配置信息包括第二偏移值；第二偏移值指示第二关联周期与第一关联周期之间的间隔时长，或者，第二偏移值指示第二关联周期的起始时域位置与参考***帧的起始时域位置之间的间隔时长；根据第二配置信息，确定第二关联周期的起始时域位置；根据第二配置信息和第二关联周期的起始时域位置确定第二关联周期内的随机接入时机；根据目标同步信号块，确定第二关联周期内与目标同步信号块关联的随机接入时机。
按照目前的随机接入方法，一个SSB周期内，单SSB关联的多个RO在时域上是相邻的，而终端设备在对应的RO上发送前导码后，若在RAR窗内收不到RAR，终端设备需要等下一个对应的RO来发送前导码。但是，两个相邻的时域RO的间隔往往超过了双向传输时延、终端设备处理的时延或RAR窗的时长，因此，对于终端设备而言，在一个SSB周期内，只能使用相邻的多个RO中的一个，没有多次接入机会。而基于本申请实施例的随机接入方法，一个SSB周期可以对应多个关联周期，终端设备可以根据第二配置信息，确定SSB周期对应的多个关联周期中，第二关联周期内的起始时域位置和第二关联周期内的RO配置。因此，同一SSB关联的多个RO，可以分布在不同的关联周期内，实现同一SSB关联的不同RO在时域上不连续。同一SSB周期中，若终端设备来不及在当前的关联周期内的对应RO上发送前导码，终端设备可以在下一关联周期内的对应RO上发送前导码，换言之，一个SSB周期内，终端设备有多次接入机会，可以降低终端设备随机接入的时延，提高终端设备完成随机接入的效率。
结合上述第一方面，在一种可能的设计中，第二配置信息用于配置第二关联周期中的随机接入时机，包括：第二配置信息用于指示第二关联周期包括的随机接入配置周期内的第一个参考时间单元存在随机接入时机，参考时间单元为时隙或者子帧；或者，第二配置信息用于指示第二关联周期包括的随机接入配置周期内，存在随机接入时机的参考时间单元的数量为2的整数倍。
目前协议规定，在FR1频段内，单***帧的PRACH配置周期支持配置的包含RO的子帧数量为1、2、3、5、10，且包含RO的子帧不连续。一方面，若SSB数量为8的整数倍，在将SSB映射至RO时，非SSB数量整数倍的RO资源会不能与SSB建立关联关系而失效，造成上行资源浪费。另一方面，在包含RO的子帧分散的情况下，剩余可以用于上行数据传输的时频资源是不连续的，对于负载较大的上行信令，很难拥有连续的可以用于传输的时频资源，影响接入性能。基于本申请实施例的随机接入方法，终端设备可以基于第三配置信息，确定PRACH配置周期内的第一个参考时间单元上存在RO，使存在RO的参考时间单元在PRACH配置周期内尽量靠前，剩余的连续时频资源可以用于上行数据传输。或者，终端设备可以基于第三配置信息，确定PRACH配置周期内的存在RO的参考时间单元的数量是2的整数倍，以避免在SSB数量为8的整数倍的情况下，非SSB数量整数倍的RO资源不能与SSB建立关联关系而失效，造成上行资源浪费的情况。
结合上述第一方面，在一种可能的设计中，第二配置信息用于指示第二关联周期包括的随机接入配置周期内存在随机接入时机的参考时间单元的数量为2的整数倍，包括：
第二配置信息用于指示第二关联周期包括的随机接入配置周期内，存在随机接入时机的参考时间单元的数量为2的整数倍，且存在随机接入时机的参考时间单元在时域上是连续的。基于本方案，可以提供连续的上行资源用于发送RO，提高了接入性能。
结合上述第一方面，在一种可能的设计中，第二配置信息用于指示第二关联周期包括的随机接入配置周期内，存在随机接入时机的参考时间单元是随机接入配置周期内的前N个参考时间单元，N为2的整数倍。基于本方案，可以提供连续的上行资源用于发送RO，且剩余的连续的上行资源可以用于传输其它上行数据。
结合上述第一方面，在一种可能的设计中，第一配置信息包括第一信息，第一信息用于配置第一关联周期中的随机接入时机；第二配置信息包括第二信息，第二信息用于配置第二关联周期 中的随机接入时机；第一信息与第二信息不同。基于本申请实施例的随机接入方法，不同的关联周期内RO可以独立配置，相比于使用同一套配置，更加灵活，终端设备可以根据不同情况，选择在哪个关联周期内的RO上发送前导码。
结合上述第一方面，在一种可能的设计中，第一信息和第二信息用于配置随机接入时机对应的前导格式。基于本方案，不同的关联周期内，RO上的前导格式可以不一样，终端设备可以灵活选择发送的前导码的前导格式。
结合上述第一方面，在一种可能的设计中，第一偏移值为毫秒个数、秒个数、符号个数、时隙个数、子帧个数或者***帧个数中的一项。基于本方案，提供了多种通过第一偏移值表征间隔时长的方式，能够与当前通信***中的时间单位兼容。
结合上述第一方面，在一种可能的设计中，在目标同步信号块关联的随机接入时机中的一个随机接入时机上向网络设备发送前导码，包括：在目标同步信号块关联的随机接入时机中的目标随机接入时机上向网络设备发送前导码；其中，目标随机接入时机所在的时刻与目标同步信号块所在的时刻之间的间隔时长，不超过有效时长。
基于本方案，终端设备可以约束选择的用于发送前导码的RO在有效期内，从而避免了终端设备选择的RO对应的SSB并非当前时刻的最优SSB，保证了终端设备选择的RO的性能，提升了发送随机接入请求的性能。
在一种可能的设计中，有效时长是终端设备或网络设备或协议预配置的，或者，是网络设备指示的，或者，有效时长是由协议预定义并由网络设备指示的。
基于本方案，提供了多种有效时长的确定方式。
第二方面，提供了一种随机接入方法，该方法可以由网络设备执行，也可以由网络设备的部件(例如处理器、芯片、或芯片***等)执行，还可以由能实现全部或部分网络设备功能的逻辑模块或软件实现。该方法包括：向终端设备发送同步信号块周期内的目标同步信号块；向终端设备发送第一配置信息，第一配置信息包括第一偏移值，第一偏移值指示第一关联周期的起始时域位置与参考***帧的起始时域位置之间的间隔时长，第一关联周期为同步信号块周期对应的一个或多个关联周期中的第一个关联周期；在一个或多个关联周期内，与目标同步信号块关联的随机接入时机中的一个随机接入时机上接收来自终端设备的前导码。
目前，关联周期需要从帧号为0的***帧开始，终端设备接收到SSB后，基于一些因素影响，例如终端设备位于波束数量大，资源有限的场景(例如NTN***)中，又例如双向传输时延和终端设备处理时延等，终端设备可能来不及在当前的关联周期内的对应RO上发送前导码，增加了随机接入的时延。而基于本申请实施例提供的随机接入方法，网络设备可以向终端设备发送指示第一关联周期的起始时域位置与参考***帧的起始时域位置之间的间隔时长的第一偏移值，以使终端设备可以根据第一偏移值，确定起始时域位置在参考***帧之后的关联周期，换言之，本申请实施例中，关联周期的起始时域位置相比参考***帧可以有一定偏移，从而可以提高终端设备能够在当前的关联周期内的RO上发送前导码的概率，降低终端设备随机接入的时延，提高终端设备完成随机接入的效率。
结合上述第二方面，在一种可能的设计中，目标同步信号块关联多个随机接入时机，同步信号块周期对应多个关联周期；该方法还包括：向终端设备发送第二配置信息，第二配置信息用于配置第二关联周期中的随机接入时机，第二配置信息包括第二偏移值，第二偏移值指示第二关联周期与第一关联周期之间的间隔时长，或者，第二偏移值指示第二关联周期的起始时域位置与参考***帧的起始时域位置之间的间隔时长。
按照目前的随机接入方法，一个SSB周期内，单SSB关联的多个RO在时域上是相邻的，而终端设备在对应的RO上发送前导码后，若在RAR窗内收不到RAR，终端设备需要等下一个对应的RO来发送前导码。但是，两个相邻的时域RO的间隔往往超过了双向传输时延、终端设备处理的时延或RAR窗的时长，因此，对于终端设备而言，在一个SSB周期内，只能使用相邻的多个RO中的一个，没有多次接入机会。而基于本申请实施例的随机接入方法，一个SSB周期可以对应多个关联周期，网络设备可以向终端设备发送第二配置信息，以使终端设备可以根据第二配置信息，确定SSB周期对应的多个关联周期中，第二关联周期内的起始时域位置和第二关联周 期内的RO配置。因此，同一SSB关联的多个RO，可以分布在不同的关联周期内，实现同一SSB关联的不同RO在时域上不连续。同一SSB周期中，若终端设备来不及在当前的关联周期内的对应RO上发送前导码，终端设备可以在下一关联周期内的对应RO上发送前导码，换言之，一个SSB周期内，终端设备有多次接入机会，可以降低终端设备随机接入的时延，提高终端设备完成随机接入的效率。
结合上述第二方面，在一种可能的设计中，第二配置信息用于指示第二关联周期包括的随机接入配置周期内的第一个子帧存在随机接入时机；或者，第二配置信息用于指示第二关联周期包括的随机接入配置周期内存在随机接入时机的子帧的数量为2的整数倍。
目前协议规定，FR1频段下单***帧的PRACH配置周期支持配置的包含RO的子帧数量为1、2、3、5、10，且包含RO的子帧不连续。一方面，若SSB数量为8的整数倍，在将SSB映射至RO时，非SSB数量整数倍的RO资源会不能与SSB建立关联关系而失效，造成上行资源浪费。另一方面，在包含RO的子帧分散的情况下，剩余可以用于上行数据传输的时频资源是不连续的，对于负载较大的上行信令，很难拥有连续的可以用于传输的时频资源，影响接入性能。基于本申请实施例的随机接入方法，终端设备可以基于第三配置信息，确定PRACH配置周期内的第一个参考时间单元上存在RO，使存在RO的参考时间单元在PRACH配置周期内尽量靠前，剩余的连续时频资源可以用于上行数据传输。或者，终端设备可以基于第三配置信息，确定PRACH配置周期内的存在RO的参考时间单元的数量是2的整数倍，以避免在SSB数量为8的整数倍的情况下，非SSB数量整数倍的RO资源不能与SSB建立关联关系而失效，造成上行资源浪费的情况。
结合上述第二方面，在一种可能的设计中，第二配置信息用于指示第二关联周期包括的随机接入配置周期内存在随机接入时机的参考时间单元的数量为2的整数倍，包括：第二配置信息用于指示第二关联周期包括的随机接入配置周期内存在随机接入时机的参考时间单元的数量为2的整数倍，且存在随机接入时机的参考时间单元在时域上是连续的。基于本方案，可以提供连续的上行资源用于发送RO，提高了接入性能。
结合上述第二方面，在一种可能的设计中，第二配置信息用于指示第二关联周期包括的随机接入配置周期内存在随机接入时机的参考时间单元是随机接入配置周期内的前N个参考时间单元，N为2的整数倍。基于本方案，可以提供连续的上行资源用于发送RO，且剩余的连续的上行资源可以用于传输其它上行数据。
结合上述第二方面，在一种可能的设计中，第一配置信息包括第一信息，第一信息用于配置第一关联周期中的随机接入时机，第二配置信息包括第二信息，第二信息用于配置第一关联周期中的随机接入时机，第一信息与第二信息不同。基于本申请实施例的随机接入方法，不同的关联周期内RO可以独立配置，相比于使用同一套配置，更加灵活，终端设备可以根据不同情况，选择在哪个关联周期内的RO上发送前导码。
结合上述第二方面，在一种可能的设计中，第一信息和第二信息用于配置随机接入时机对应的前导格式。基于本方案，不同的关联周期内，RO上的前导格式可以不一样，终端设备可以灵活选择发送的前导码的前导格式。
结合上述第二方面，在一种可能的设计中，第一偏移值为毫秒个数、秒个数、符号个数、时隙个数、子帧个数或者***帧个数中的一项。基于本方案，提供了多种通过第一偏移值表征间隔时长的方式，能够与当前通信***中的时间单位兼容。
结合上述第二方面，在一种可能的设计中，在一个或多个关联周期内，与目标同步信号块关联的随机接入时机中的一个随机接入时机上接收来自终端设备的前导码，包括：在一个或多个关联周期内，与目标同步信号块关联的随机接入时机中的目标随机接入时机上接收来自终端设备的前导码；其中，目标随机接入时机所在的时刻与目标同步信号块所在的时刻之间的间隔时长，不超过有效时长。
基于本方案，可以约束用于发送前导码的RO在有效期内，从而避免了用于发送前导码的RO对应的SSB并非当前时刻的最优SSB，保证了终端设备选择的RO的性能，提升了发送随机接入请求的性能。
结合上述第二方面，在一种可能的设计中，在一种可能的设计中，有效时长是终端设备或网 络设备或协议预配置的，或者，是网络设备指示的，或者，有效时长是由协议预定义并由网络设备指示的。
基于本方案，提供了多种有效时长的确定方式。
第三方面，提供了一种通信装置用于实现上述各种方法。该通信装置可以为上述第一方面中的终端设备，或者包含上述终端设备的装置，或者上述终端设备中包含的装置，比如芯片；或者，该通信装置可以为上述第二方面中的网络设备，或者包含上述网络设备的装置，或者上述网络设备中包含的装置。
所述通信装置包括实现上述方法相应的模块、单元、或手段(means)，该模块、单元、或means可以通过硬件实现，软件实现，或者通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。该硬件或软件包括一个或多个与上述功能相对应的模块或单元。
第四方面，提供了一种通信装置，包括：处理器，该处理器用于执行存储器存储的指令，当该处理器执行该指令时，以使该通信装置执行上述任一方面所述的方法。该通信装置可以为上述第一方面中的终端设备，或者包含上述终端设备的装置，或者上述终端设备中包含的装置，比如芯片；或者，该通信装置可以为上述第二方面中的网络设备，或者包含上述网络设备的装置，或者上述网络设备中包含的装置。
一种可能的设计中，该通信装置还包括存储器，该存储器用于存储计算机指令。可选的，处理器和存储器集成在一起，或者，处理器和存储器分开设置。
一种可能的设计中，该存储器与处理器耦合，且在该通信装置之外。
第五方面，提供了一种通信装置，包括：处理器和接口电路，该接口电路用于与该通信装置之外的模块通信；该处理器用于通过逻辑电路，或者通过运行计算机程序或指令执行上述任一方面所述的方法。该通信装置可以为上述第一方面中的终端设备，或者包含上述终端设备的装置，或者上述终端设备中包含的装置，比如芯片；或者，该通信装置可以为上述第二方面中的网络设备，或者包含上述网络设备的装置，或者上述网络设备中包含的装置。
或者，该接口电路可以为代码/数据读写接口电路，该接口电路用于接收计算机执行指令(计算机执行指令存储在存储器中，可能直接从存储器读取，或可能经过其他器件)并传输至该处理器，以使该处理器运行计算机执行指令以执行上述任一方面所述的方法。
在一些可能的设计中，该通信装置可以为芯片或芯片***。
第六方面，提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，该计算机可读存储介质中存储有指令，当其在通信装置上运行时，使得通信装置可以执行上述任一方面所述的方法。该通信装置可以为上述第一方面中的终端设备，或者包含上述终端设备的装置，或者上述终端设备中包含的装置，比如芯片；或者，该通信装置可以为上述第二方面中的网络设备，或者包含上述网络设备的装置，或者上述网络设备中包含的装置。
第七方面，提供了一种包含指令的计算机程序产品，当其在通信装置上运行时，使得通信装置可以执行上述任一方面所述的方法。该通信装置可以为上述第一方面中的终端设备，或者包含上述终端设备的装置，或者上述终端设备中包含的装置，比如芯片；或者，该通信装置可以为上述第二方面中的网络设备，或者包含上述网络设备的装置，或者上述网络设备中包含的装置。
第八方面，提供了一种通信装置(例如，该通信装置可以是芯片或芯片***)，该通信装置包括处理器，用于实现上述任一方面中所涉及的功能。在一种可能的设计中，该通信装置还包括存储器，该存储器，用于保存必要的程序指令和数据。该通信装置是芯片***时，可以由芯片构成，也可以包含芯片和其他分立器件。
其中，第三方面至第八方面中任一种设计方式所带来的技术效果可参见上述第一方面至第二方面中不同设计方式所带来的技术效果，此处不再赘述。
第九方面，提供一种通信***，该通信***包括终端设备和网络设备。终端设备，用于执行上述第一方面所述的方法；网络设备，用于执行上述第二方面所述的方法。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种随机接入配置周期的示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种通信***的结构示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的NTN***的架构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的网络设备和终端设备的结构示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的终端设备的另一种结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的一种随机接入方法的交互示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的SSB映射至RO的交互示意图一；
图8为本申请实施例提供的SSB映射至RO的交互示意图二；
图9为本申请实施例提供的SSB映射至RO的交互示意图三；
图10为本申请实施例提供的SSB映射至RO的交互示意图四；
图11为本申请实施例提供的另一种随机接入方法的交互示意图；
图12为申请实施例提供的一种通信装置的结构示意图；
图13为申请实施例提供的另一种通信装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了方便理解本申请实施例的技术方案，首先给出本申请相关技术及术语的简要介绍如下。
1、非地面通信网络(non-terrestrial networks，NTN)
为了支持更广的业务覆盖，网络设备可能需要为更大的通信区域提供网络服务。目前，为实现此目标，正在研究NTN***。NTN***中，可以将卫星作为接入网设备(如基站)，为地面移动通信***无法完全覆盖的区域(例如海洋、森林等区域)提供网络服务。NTN***包括卫星、高空平台和无人机等节点。
在NTN***中，卫星作为接入网设备，需要在覆盖区域内发送波束，以使终端设备完成随机接入(random access，RA)来接入NTN***，其具体的随机接入过程在下文进行介绍。因为卫星的覆盖区域一般较大，在给定的链路预算和***资源下，单颗卫星需要发送大量的波束来完成全覆盖，并且，由于卫星的高速移动，单颗卫星所发送的每个波束的覆盖和服务的时间有限，需要考虑随机接入过程中终端设备的接入时延，提高终端设备的接入机会，保障服务覆盖。
2、随机接入
随机接入过程，一般指的是终端设备发送随机接入前导码(random access preamble)(也可以简称为前导码)，开始尝试接入网络设备，到终端设备与网络设备间建立起基本的信令连接之前的过程。
目前，在终端设备发起随机接入前，网络设备可以在不同的通信区域周期性广播不同的同步信号块，并通过SSB的索引号(index)区分不同的SSB。一般地，不同的SSB index表示不同波束(beam)方向的下行同步信号，覆盖和服务不同的区域。其中，网络设备广播SSB的周期可以称为SSB周期。同时，网络设备会配置一个随机接入配置周期(physical random access channel configuration period，PRACH configuration period)(也可以称为物理随机接入信道配置周期，以下可以简称为PRACH配置周期)，在此PRACH配置周期内配置一定数量的RO(配置PRACH配置周期的具体实现在下文进行介绍，在此不再展开)，并将广播的SSB与RO进行关联映射(SSB与RO进行关联映射的具体规则在下文进行介绍，在此不再展开)。被SSB映射的RO所在的一个或多个PRACH配置周期组成的周期称之为关联周期(association period)或者映射周期(mapping period)。SSB到RO的关联周期从帧号0开始映射，关联周期取关联周期配置表中PRACH配置周期数的最小值，并要求能满足所有配置的SSB与关联周期内的RO至少完整映射一次。如果在一个映射内，整个SSB到RO的循环整数倍映射结束后，还有一些RO没有被映射到，那么这些RO将不会再和SSB建立映射关系。
其中，SSB与RO关联映射，也可以理解为SSB的index与RO进行关联映射。
本申请实施例中，SSB与RO进行关联映射也可以称为SSB与RO建立关联关系，或称为SSB映射至RO，或称为SSB与RO建立映射关系等。其中，SSB与RO的关联/映射关系，也可以称为SSB与RO的对应关系等。
以下以上文中的关联周期配置表为下表1为示例，对确定关联周期进行示例性的介绍。
表1

表1中，关联周期(PRACH配置周期数)指关联周期包括的PRACH配置周期的数量。示例性的，假设PRACH配置周期为10ms，则根据表1可知，关联周期包括的PRACH配置周期数可以从{1,2,4,8,16}中取值。网络设备确定出，关联周期包括的PRACH配置周期数取1或者2时，SSB周期内的所有SSB不能在关联周期内的RO完整映射一次，关联周期包括的PRACH配置周期数取4时，SSB周期内的所有SSB可以在关联周期内的RO完整映射一次，因此，关联周期包括的PRACH配置周期数取4，即关联周期的时长为40ms。
网络设备可以将指示在SSB周期内发送的SSB(即SSB周期内实际发送的SSB)的index的指示信息，携带在***消息中。终端设备在接收到网络设备广播的一个或多个SSB之后，可以选择一个SSB并完成定时同步，终端设备可以根据选择的SSB中的信息确认***信息的时频位置，例如确认***消息块1(System Information Block1，SIB1)的时频位置，从而在对应的时频位置解析***消息，获取与随机接入相关的配置信息。然后，终端设备根据随机接入相关的配置信息，建立网络设备在SSB周期内发送的SSB与RO的映射关系，从而根据选择的SSB的index，在对应的RO上发送随机接入前导码。对于网络设备而言，可以通过所接收的前导码以及对应的RO确定终端设备所处的区域，并向终端设备发送随机接入响应(random access response，RAR)。如果终端设备可以在RAR窗内接收到对应的RAR，终端设备可以与网络设备建立连接，完成随机接入的后续流程。如果终端设备在RAR窗内没有接收到对应的RAR，则认为随机接入失败，终端设备会重新在对应的RO上发送前导码。
特别地，在NTN***中，终端设备除了获取SIB1，还可以获取***信息块19(system information block19，SIB19)，从而获得卫星的星历信息，并进一步根据SIB1和卫星的星历信息在对应的RO上发送前导码。
根据上述随机接入过程中，终端设备与网络设备间交互信息的步骤的不同，可以将随机接入分为四步随机接入(4-step random access channel，4-step RACH)和两步随机接入(2-step random access channel，2-step RACH)，两步随机接入将四步随机接入中交互信息的步骤进行了合并，比起四步随机接入减少了随机接入过程所需的步骤和时间。
3、PRACH配置周期
NR***中，PRACH配置周期以***帧，或称无线帧(frame)为单位。其中，目前规定一个***帧为10ms。
网络设备可以通过对应的配置信息来配置PRACH配置周期以及在PRACH配置周期内配置RO，以下结合频段1(Frequency range 1，FR1)频分双工(frequency division duplexing，FDD)下的随机接入配置表：表2，对如何配置PRACH配置周期以及如何配置PRACH配置周期内的RO进行介绍。
表2

以下对表2中各参数进行介绍。
上述表2中，PRACH配置索引表示该PRACH配置的索引。
前导格式，表示该PRACH配置周期中，RO上的前导码的前导格式。
nSFNmodx＝y，表示该PRACH配置周期占用的***帧的数量，其取值范围为{1,2,4,8,16}。换言之，PRACH配置周期的时长是由x,y确定的。
子帧号，表示该PRACH配置周期中，存在RO的子帧(subframe)的子帧号。
l0，表示该PRACH配置周期中，RO的起始符号(symbol)位置。
表示该PRACH配置周期中，一个子帧中存在RO的时隙(slot)的数量，其中，可以将存在RO的时隙简称为PRACH slot。
表示一个PRACH slot中RO的数量。
表示一个RO占用的符号的数量。
以表2中PRACH配置索引index为251为例进行说明。该index为251的PRACH配置周期中，RO的分布如图1所示，具体地，前导格式为C2，即该PRACH配置周期中，RO上的前导码的前导格式为C2。将x＝1和y＝0代入nSFNmodx＝y，满足该公式的的nSFN值为1，即该PRACH配置周期占用1个***帧。子帧号为2、7，即该PRACH配置周期中存在RO的子帧号为2、7。即该PRACH配置周期中，存在RO中的子帧中包括两个PRACH slot，且RACH slot的子载波间隔(Sub-Carrier Spacing，SCS)为30kHz，得到一个存在RO的子帧对应2个PRACH slot。即该PRACH配置周期中，每个RACH slot中可以配置2个RO。l0＝0，即该PRACH配置周期中的每个RACH slot中，RO的起始符号为符号0。即每个RO占用6个符号。综上，该PRACH配置周期内可以配置8个RO：RO0、RO1、RO2、RO3、RO4、RO5、RO6、RO7，每个RO占用6个符号。
可选的，在PRACH配置周期内，每个RO可以有其对应的索引(index)。具体地，RO在PRACH配置周期内的索引，可以是从关联周期内的第一个PRACH配置周期中的第一个RO开始，按照从小到大的顺序确定的。以按照表2中PRACH配置索引index＝251对应的配置信息，配置关联周期内的PRACH配置周期为例，关联周期内第一个PRACH配置周期中的8个RO的index可以是0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7，关联周期内第二个PRACH配置周期中的8个RO的index可以是8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15，之后的PRACH配置周期内的RO的index以此类推。
此外，目前协议规定FR1频段下单***帧的PRACH配置周期支持配置的包含RO的子帧数量为1、2、3、5、10，且包含RO的子帧尽量分散。
4、SSB与RO的映射规则(或称为SSB与RO的关联规则、SSB与RO的关联映射规则等)
SSB与RO的映射规则用于将SSB与PRACH配置周期中的RO进行关联映射，建立关联关系，以使网络设备在对应的RO上接收到前导码后，可以根据与该RO关联的SSB的index，确定SSB，决定用于下行发送RAR的波束。
目前，网络设备可以通过***消息中，随机接入相关的配置信息中的ssb-perRACH-OccasionAndCB-PreamblesPerSSB字段，来指示SSB与RO的映射规则。
具体地，ssb-perRACH-OccasionAndCB-PreamblesPerSSB字段可以用于配置：
每个RO对应的SSB个数N，N的取值范围为{1/8,1/4,1/2,1,2,4,6,16}。
根据每个RO对应的SSB个数N的不同取值，SSB映射至RO有以下多种不同的情况：
(1)、N<1，一个SSB映射至多个RO。
(2)、N＝1，一个SSB映射至一个RO。
(3)、N>1，多个SSB映射至一个RO。
网络设备或者终端设备在根据SSB与RO的映射规则，将SSB映射至RO时，可以根据SSB的index的大小关系以及RO在PRACH配置周期内的index的大小关系，将SSB周期内发送的SSB依次映射至RO。
具体地，网络设备或者终端设备可以按照以下顺序，将SSB映射至RO：1)每个RO中的基于竞争的前导码(contention based preamble，CB Preamble)按照Preamble Index次序递增；2)当配置随机接入信道(random access channel，RACH)频分多路复用(Frequency-division multiplexing，FDM)时(频域有多个RO)，按照频域索引递增；3)当配置PRACH slot内，多个RO时，按照PRACH时隙内索引递增；4)当配置多个PRACH slot时，按照PRACH slot索引递增。
以上介绍了目前的随机接入方案的相关技术。但是，按照目前的随机接入方案，终端设备完成随机接入的效率较低，可能无法达到某些通信***的要求。例如，目前关联周期的起始时域位置为帧号为0的***帧的起始时域位置，这样，终端设备在选择SSB后，可能来不及在当前的映射周期内的该SSB关联的RO上发送前导码，而需要等到下一个映射周期，才能在下一个映射周期内的RO上发送前导码，增加了业务时延。为了提高终端设备完成随机接入的效率，本申请实施例提供了随机接入方法、装置及***。
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行描述。其中，在本申请的描述中，除非另有说明，“/”表示前后关联的对象是一种“或”的关系，例如，A/B可以表示A或B；本申请中的“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况，其中A，B可以是单数或者复数。并且，在本申请的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”是指两个或多于两个。“以下至少一项(个)”或其类似表达，是指的这些项中的任意组合，包括单项(个)或复数项(个)的任意组合。例如，a，b，或c中的至少一项(个)，可以表示：a，b，c，a-b，a-c，b-c，或a-b-c，其中a，b，c可以是单个，也可以是多个。另外，为了便于清楚描述本申请实施例的技术方案，在本申请的实施例中，采用了“第一”、“第二”等字样对功能和作用基本相同的相同项或相似项进行区分。本领域技术人员可以理解“第一”、“第二”等字样并不对数量和执行次序进行限定，并且“第一”、“第二”等字样也并不限定一定不同。同时，在本申请实施例中，“示例性的”或者“例如”等词用于表示作例子、例证或说明。本申请实施例中被描述为“示例性的”或者“例如”的任何实施例或设计方案不应被解释为比其它实施例或设计方案更优选或更具优势。确切而言，使用“示例性的”或者“例如”等词旨在以具体方式呈现相关概念，便于理解。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例描述的网络架构以及业务场景是为了更加清楚的说明本申请实施例的技术方案，并不构成对于本申请实施例提供的技术方案的限定，本领域普通技术人员可知，随着网络架构的演变和新业务场景的出现，本申请实施例提供的技术方案对于类似的技术问题，同样适用。
本申请实施例提供的随机接入方法可以适用于各种通信***。例如，本申请实施例提供的随机接入方法可以应用于长期演进(long term evolution，LTE)***、NR***、5G***，或者NTN***，或者其他面向未来的类似新通信***，例如第6代(sixth-generation，6G)***，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。此外，术语“***”可以和“网络”相互替换。
如图2所示，为本申请实施例提供的一种通信***20。该通信***20包括至少一个网络设备30，以及至少一个终端设备40。其中，终端设备40可以通过无线的方式与网络设备30通信。可选的，不同的网络设备30之间可以相互通信。可选的，不同的终端设备40之间可以相互通信。网络设备30和/或终端设备40可以是固定位置的，也可以是可移动的。
需要说明的是，图2仅是示意图，虽然未示出，但是该通信***20中还可以包括其它网络设备，如该通信***20还可以包括核心网(core network，CN)设备、无线中继设备和无线回传设备中的一个或多个，在此不做具体限定。其中，网络设备可以通过无线或有线方式与核心网设备连接。核心网设备与网络设备30可以是独立的不同的物理设备，也可以是将核心网设备的功能与网络设备30的逻辑功能集成在同一个物理设备上，还可以是一个物理设备上集成了部分核心网设备的功能和部分的网络设备30的功能，本申请实施例对此不做具体限定。
以图2所示的网络设备30与任一终端设备40进行交互为例，本申请实施例提供的随机接入 方法中，终端设备接收来自网络设备的同步信号块周期内的目标同步信号块。然后，终端设备根据目标同步信号块，接收来自网络设备的第一配置信息；第一配置信息包括第一偏移值；第一偏移值指示第一关联周期的起始时域位置与参考***帧的起始时域位置之间的间隔时长；第一关联周期为同步信号块周期对应的一个或多个关联周期中的第一个关联周期。之后，终端设备根据第一配置信息和目标同步信号块，确定一个或多个关联周期内与目标同步信号块关联的随机接入时机，终端设备在目标同步信号块关联的随机接入时机中的一个随机接入时机上向网络设备发送前导码。
该方案的具体实现和技术效果将在后续方法实施例中详细描述，在此不予赘述。
可选的，图2所示的通信***20可以应用于NTN***的网络架构中，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。
示例性的，图3是适用于通信***20的两种NTN***的架构示意图。如图3中的3-1所示的NTN网络架构中，终端设备与地面基站通过用户-通用陆地无线接入网络(universal terrestrial radio access network-user，Uu)接口进行通信，卫星可以实现用户与地面基站之间的透明载荷传输，卫星与NTN网关可以认为是地面基站的拉远无线单元(remote radio unit，RRU)，实现信号的透明转发，即卫星仅支持射频滤波、频率转换和放大等功能，信号波形不变。其中，地面基站和核心网之间可以通过下一代网络(next generation，NG)接口通信，交互核心网的非接入层(non-access stratum，NAS)信令以及终端设备的业务数据等。
如图3中的3-2所示的另一种NTN网络架构中，卫星具有接入网设备的部分或全部功能，可以称为卫星基站，可以提供无线接入服务，为通过该卫星基站接入网络的终端设备调度无线资源。卫星基站与终端设备通过Uu接口进行通信。其中，卫星基站和核心网之间可以通过NG接口通信，卫星基站和核心网可以通过NG接***互NAS信令，以及终端设备的业务数据。卫星无线接口(satellite radio interface，SRI)接口为NTN网关与卫星之间的馈线链路，SRI接口可以作为NG接口的一部分实现卫星与核心网之间的通信交互。
可选的，本申请实施例中的网络设备，是一种将终端设备接入到无线网络的设备。本申请实施例中的网络设备可以包括各种形式的基站(base station)，例如，可以是宏基站、微基站(也称为小站)、中继站、接入点、发射点(transmitting point，TP)、演进型基站(evolved NodeB，eNodeB)、发送接收点(transmission reception point，TRP)、5G移动通信***中的下一代基站(next generation NodeB，gNB)、5G之后演进的通信***中实现基站功能的设备、移动交换中心以及设备到设备(Device-to-Device，D2D)、车辆外联(vehicle-to-everything，V2X)、机器到机器(machine-to-machine，M2M)通信中承担基站功能的设备等；也可以是NTN通信***中的网络设备，即可以部署于高空平台或者卫星；也可以是完成基站部分功能的模块或单元，例如，可以是云接入网(cloud radio access network，C-RAN)***中的集中式单元(central unit，CU)，也可以是分布式单元(distributed unit，DU)。本申请的实施例对网络设备所采用的具体技术和具体设备形态不做限定。网络设备的全部或部分功能也可以通过在硬件上运行的软件功能来实现，或者通过平台(例如云平台)上实例化的虚拟化功能来实现。在本申请中，如果无特殊说明，网络设备指无线接入网(radio access network，RAN)设备。
可选的，本申请实施例中的终端设备，可以是一种具有无线收发功能的设备，也可以称为终端(terminal)。终端设备具体可以指用户设备(user equipment，UE)、接入终端、用户单元(subscriber unit)、用户站、移动台(mobile station)、客户终端设备(customer-premises equipment，CPE)、远方站、远程终端、移动设备、移动终端、用户终端、无线通信设备、用户代理或用户装置等。终端设备还可以是卫星电话、蜂窝电话、智能手机、无绳电话、会话启动协议(session initiation protocol，SIP)电话、无线数据卡、无线调制解调器、平板电脑、带无线收发功能的电脑、无线本地环路(wireless local loop，WLL)站、个人数字处理(personal digital assistant，PDA)、具有无线通信功能的手持设备、计算设备或连接到无线调制解调器的其它处理设备、车载设备、高空飞机上搭载的通信设备、可穿戴设备、无人机、机器人、智能销售点(point ofsale，POS)机、机器类型通信设备、D2D中的终端设备、V2X中的终端设备、虚拟现实(virtual reality，VR)终端设备、增强现实(augmented reality，AR)终端设备、工业控制(industrial control)中的无线终 端、无人驾驶(selfdriving)中的无线终端、远程医疗(remote medical)中的无线终端、智能电网(smart grid)中的无线终端、运输安全(transportation safety)中的无线终端、智慧城市(smart city)中的无线终端、智慧家庭(smart home)中的无线终端或者未来通信网络中的终端设备等等。本申请的实施例对终端设备所采用的具体技术和具体设备形态不做限定。终端设备的全部或部分功能也可以通过在硬件上运行的软件功能来实现，或者通过平台(例如云平台)上实例化的虚拟化功能来实现。
可选的，本申请实施例中的网络设备和终端设备可以部署在陆地上，包括室内或室外、手持或车载；也可以部署在水面上；还可以部署在空中的飞机、气球和人造卫星上。本申请的实施例对网络设备和终端设备的应用场景不做限定。
可选的，本申请实施例中的网络设备和终端设备之间可以通过授权频谱进行通信，也可以通过免授权频谱进行通信，也可以同时通过授权频谱和免授权频谱进行通信。网络设备和终端设备之间可以通过6千兆赫(gigahertz，GHz)以下的频谱进行通信，也可以通过6GHz以上的频谱进行通信，还可以同时使用6GHz以下的频谱和6GHz以上的频谱进行通信。本申请的实施例对网络设备和终端设备之间所使用的频谱资源不做限定。
可选的，本申请实施例中的网络设备与终端设备也可以称之为通信装置，其可以是一个通用设备或者是一个专用设备，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。
可选的，如图4所示，为本申请实施例提供的网络设备和终端设备的结构示意图。图2中的终端设备40可以采用如图4所示的终端设备的结构，图2中的网络设备30可以采用如图4所示的网络设备的结构。
其中，终端设备包括至少一个处理器401和至少一个收发器403。可选的，终端设备还可以包括至少一个存储器402、至少一个输出设备404或至少一个输入设备405。
处理器401、存储器402和收发器403通过通信线路相连接。通信线路可包括一个通路，在上述组件之间传送信息。
处理器401可以是通用中央处理单元(central processing unit，CPU)，还可以是其它通用处理器、数字信号处理器(digital signal processor，DSP)、专用集成电路(application specific integrated circuit，ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array，FPGA)或者其它可编程逻辑器件、晶体管逻辑器件，硬件部件或者其任意组合。通用处理器可以是微处理器，也可以是任何常规的处理器。在具体实现中，作为一种实施例，处理器401也可以包括多个CPU，并且处理器401可以是单核处理器或多核处理器。这里的处理器可以指一个或多个设备、电路或用于处理数据的处理核。
存储器402可以是具有存储功能的装置。例如可以是只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)或可存储静态信息和指令的其他类型的静态存储设备、随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)或者可存储信息和指令的其他类型的动态存储设备，也可以是可编程只读存储器(programmable ROM，PROM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(erasable PROM，EPROM)、电可擦可编程只读存储器(electrically erasable programmable read-only memory，EEPROM)、只读光盘(compact disc read-only memory，CD-ROM)或其他光盘存储、光碟存储(包括压缩光碟、激光碟、光碟、数字通用光碟、蓝光光碟等)、磁盘存储介质或者其他磁存储设备、或者能够用于携带或存储具有指令或数据结构形式的期望的程序代码并能够由计算机存取的任何其他介质，但不限于此。存储器402可以是独立存在，通过通信线路与处理器401相连接。存储器402也可以和处理器401集成在一起。
其中，存储器402用于存储执行本申请方案的计算机执行指令，并由处理器401来控制执行。具体的，处理器401用于执行存储器402中存储的计算机执行指令，从而实现本申请实施例中所述的随机接入方法。
或者，可选的，本申请实施例中，也可以是处理器401执行本申请下述实施例提供的随机接入方法中的处理相关的功能，收发器403负责与其他设备或通信网络通信，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。
可选的，本申请实施例中的计算机执行指令也可以称之为应用程序代码或者计算机程序代码， 本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。
收发器403可以使用任何收发器一类的装置，用于与其他设备或通信网络通信，如以太网、无线接入网、或者无线局域网(wireless local area networks，WLAN)等。收发器403包括发射机(transmitter，Tx)和接收机(receiver，Rx)。
输出设备404和处理器401通信，可以以多种方式来显示信息。例如，输出设备404可以是液晶显示器(liquid crystal display，LCD)，发光二级管(light emitting diode，LED)显示设备，阴极射线管(cathode ray tube，CRT)显示设备，或投影仪(projector)等。
输入设备405和处理器401通信，可以以多种方式接受用户的输入。例如，输入设备405可以是鼠标、键盘、触摸屏设备或传感设备等。
网络设备包括至少一个处理器301、至少一个收发器303和至少一个网络接口304。可选的，网络设备还可以包括至少一个存储器302。其中，处理器301、存储器302、收发器303和网络接口304通过通信线路相连接。网络接口304用于通过链路(例如S1接口)与核心网设备连接，或者通过有线或无线链路(例如X2接口)与其它网络设备的网络接口进行连接(图4中未示出)，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。另外，处理器301、存储器302和收发器303的相关描述可参考终端设备中处理器401、存储器402和收发器403的描述，在此不再赘述。
结合图4所示的终端设备的结构示意图，示例性的，图5为本申请实施例提供的终端设备的一种具体结构形式。
其中，在一些实施例中，图4中的处理器401的功能可以通过图5中的处理器510实现。
在一些实施例中，图4中的收发器403的功能可以通过图5中的天线1，天线2，移动通信模块550，无线通信模块560等实现。移动通信模块550可以提供应用在终端设备上的包括LTE、NR或者未来移动通信等无线通信技术的解决方案。无线通信模块560可以提供应用在终端设备上的包括WLAN(如Wi-Fi网络)，蓝牙(blue tooth，BT)，全球导航卫星***(global navigation satellite system，GNSS)，调频(frequency modulation，FM)，近距离无线通信(near field communication，NFC)，红外等无线通信技术的解决方案。在一些实施例中，终端设备的天线1和移动通信模块550耦合，天线2和无线通信模块560耦合，使得终端设备可以通过无线通信技术与网络以及其他设备通信。
在一些实施例中，图4中的存储器402的功能可以通过图5中的内部存储器521或者外部存储器接口520连接的外部存储器等实现。
在一些实施例中，图4中的输出设备404的功能可以通过图5中的显示屏594实现。
在一些实施例中，图4中的输入设备405的功能可以通过鼠标、键盘、触摸屏设备或图5中的传感器模块580来实现。
在一些实施例中，如图5所示，该终端设备还可以包括音频模块570、摄像头593、按键590、用户识别模块(subscriber identity module，SIM)卡接口595、通用串行总线(universal serial bus，USB)接口530、充电管理模块540、电源管理模块541和电池542中的一个或多个。
可以理解的是，图5所示的结构并不构成对终端设备的具体限定。比如，在本申请另一些实施例中，终端设备可以包括比图示更多或更少的部件，或者组合某些部件，或者拆分某些部件，或者不同的部件布置。图示的部件可以以硬件，软件或软件和硬件的组合实现。
下面将结合图1至图5，以图2所示的网络设备30与任一终端设备40进行交互为例，对本申请实施例提供的随机接入方法进行展开说明。
需要说明的是，本申请下述实施例中各个网元之间的消息名字或消息中各参数的名字等只是一个示例，具体实现中也可以是其他的名字，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。
如图6所示，为本申请实施例提供的一种随机接入方法。图6中以网络设备和终端设备作为该交互示意的执行主体为例来示意该方法，但本申请并不限制该交互示意的执行主体。例如，图6中的网络设备也可以是支持该网络设备实现该方法的芯片、芯片***、或处理器，还可以是能实现全部或部分网络设备功能的逻辑模块或软件；图6中的终端设备也可以是支持该终端设备实现该方法的芯片、芯片***、或处理器，还可以是能实现全部或部分终端设备功能的逻辑模块或软件。该随机接入方法包括S601-S604：
S601、终端设备接收来自网络设备的同步信号块周期内的目标同步信号块。
S602、终端设备根据目标同步信号块，接收来自网络设备的第一配置信息；第一配置信息包括第一偏移值；第一偏移值指示第一关联周期的起始时域位置与参考***帧的起始时域位置之间的间隔时长；第一关联周期为同步信号块周期对应的一个或多个关联周期中的第一个关联周期。
S603、终端设备根据第一配置信息和目标同步信号块，确定一个或多个关联周期内与目标同步信号块关联的随机接入时机。
S604、终端设备在目标同步信号块关联的随机接入时机中的一个随机接入时机上向网络设备发送前导码。
目前，关联周期需要从帧号为0的***帧开始，终端设备接收到SSB后，基于一些因素影响，例如终端设备位于波束数量大，资源有限的场景(例如NTN***)中，又例如双向传输时延和终端设备处理时延等，终端设备可能来不及在当前的关联周期内的对应RO上发送前导码。例如，终端设备确定需要在index为0的RO上发送前导码，但当前的关联周期内index为0的RO已经过去，终端设备需要等待至下一个关联周期内index为0的RO，才可以发送前导码，增加了随机接入的时延。而基于本申请实施例提供的随机接入方法，终端设备可以根据第一偏移值，确定起始时域位置在参考***帧之后的关联周期，换言之，本申请实施例中，关联周期的起始时域位置相比参考***帧可以有一定偏移，从而可以提高终端设备能够在当前的关联周期内的RO上发送前导码的概率，降低终端设备随机接入的时延，提高终端设备完成随机接入的效率。
需要说明的是，在本申请实施例中，由于RO需要按照与SSB的映射规则与SSB进行关联，为了便于直观理解，可以给与SSB对应的RO标注一个与SSB的index相同的编号，例如，对于与index为n的SSB关联的RO，该RO编号为n，该RO可以表征为ROn。RO的编号是根据与SSB的映射关系确定的，并非指PRACH配置周期内RO的index，但在某些情况下，RO的编号的值可能与PRACH配置周期内RO的index的值相同。
示例性的，假设一个SSB在关联周期内对应3个RO，则一个关联周期内，SSB0对应的3个RO为RO0，RO0，RO0。其中，第一个RO0在PRACH配置周期内的index为0，第二个RO0在PRACH配置周期内的index为1，第三个RO0的index为2。
对于S601，网络设备在SSB周期内，向一定通信区域内的终端设备广播一个或多个SSB。终端设备接收到网络设备广播的一个或多个SSB后，从中选择一个目标SSB。其中，终端设备可能接收到SSB周期内网络设备广播的全部SSB，也可能接收到SSB周期内网络设备广播的部分SSB。
可选的，网络设备可以将指示在SSB周期内发送的SSB的index的指示信息，携带在***消息中。
可选的，终端设备可以按照预设规则选择目标SSB，例如，终端设备可以从接收到的一个或多个SSB中，选择信号质量最好的SSB作为目标SSB。
可选的，网络设备在SSB周期内需要发送的SSB的数量，可以是网络设备按照通信***或者业务的需求确定的。例如，在NTN***中，卫星的覆盖面积较广，网络设备需要发送的波束数量较大，这种情况下，网络设备在一个SSB周期内需要发送的SSB的数量可以拓展至128或者256个。
可选的，网络设备在SSB周期内发送SSB时，可以以8个SSB为一组，按组发送SSB。示例性的，当一个SSB周期内需要发送的SSB数量为128时，网络设备可以每2个***帧(20ms)发8个SSB，共需要32组。进一步地，网络设备按组发送SSB时，可以每2个***帧发送一组SSB。
对于S602，终端设备选择目标SSB后，解析目标SSB，获取目标SSB的索引(index)以及目标SSB指示的第一配置信息的时频位置，从而在对应的时频位置，接收来自网络设备的第一配置信息。
其中，可选的，第一配置信息可以承载在***消息中，例如，第一配置信息可以承载在SIB1中。进一步地，终端设备获取的第一配置信息的时频位置，可以是承载第一配置信息的***消息所位于的搜索空间(search space)的时频位置。
S602中，第一配置信息包括第一偏移值，第一偏移值指示第一关联周期的起始时域位置与参 考***帧的起始时域位置之间的间隔时长，第一关联周期为SSB周期对应的一个或多个关联周期中的第一个关联周期。以下进行具体介绍。
其中，SSB周期包括的所有SSB，与对应的一个或多个关联周期中的每个关联周期内的RO至少完整映射一次。
其中，SSB周期对应的一个或多个关联周期中的第一个关联周期，指SSB周期对应的一个或多个关联周期中，时域上在参考***帧后的第一个关联周期。
其中，可选的，参考***帧可以是网络设备与终端设备预先约定的一个***帧。或者，参考***帧可以是网络设备设置的一个***帧，在该情况下，网络设备可以通过第一配置信息指示终端设备参考***帧的帧号。示例性的，参考***帧可以是帧号为0的***帧。
其中，可选的，可以由新定义的参数配置第一偏移值。或者，可以复用现有的参数来配置第一偏移值。示例性的，可以通过新定义的参数AssociationPeriod-StartFrameOffset-NTN配置第一偏移值。
可选的，第一偏移值指示的第一关联周期的起始时域位置与参考***帧的起始时域位置之间的间隔时长的时间粒度可以为***帧、子帧、半帧、时隙、符号、秒、毫秒或者微秒等任意可以表示时间的单位。
进一步地，第一偏移值可以为***帧、子帧、半帧、时隙、符号、秒、毫秒或者微秒等时间单位的数量。例如，第一配置信息中，通过AssociationPeriod-StartFrameOffset-NTN ENUMERATED{1}参数，配置第一偏移值为1，其时间粒度为***帧，则第一偏移值指示的第一关联周期的起始时域位置与参考***帧的起始时域位置之间的间隔时长为1个***帧。或者，第一偏移值可以为第一关联周期的起始时域位置与参考***帧的起始时域位置之间的间隔时长。例如，通过AssociationPeriod-StartFrameOffset-NTN ENUMERATED{rf1}参数，配置第一偏移值为1个***帧，则第一偏移值指示的第一关联周期的起始时域位置与参考***帧的起始时域位置之间的间隔时长为1个***帧。又例如，通过AssociationPeriod-StartFrameOffset-NTN ENUMERATED{ms10}参数，配置第一偏移值为10个毫秒，则第一偏移值指示的第一关联周期的起始时域位置与参考***帧的起始时域位置之间的间隔时长为10毫秒。
对于S603，终端设备获取到第一偏移值后，可以根据第一偏移值确定第一关联周期的起始时域位置。
一种可能的实现方式中，假设参考***帧是帧号为0的***帧，第一关联周期的起始时域位置可以满足如下关系：
SFNassociation period＝SFNrefernnce(SFN#0，frame0)+RO_offset；
公式(0)
上述公式(0)中，SFNassociation period表示第一关联周期的起始时域位置，SFNreferebce表示参考***帧，SFNreference(SFN#0，frame 0)表示参考***帧号为0，RO_offset表示第一偏移值。
例如，假设参考***帧为帧号为0的***帧，RO_offset＝2，RO_offset的时间粒度为***帧，则SFNassociation period＝0+2＝2，即第一关联周期的起始时域位置为帧号为2的***帧的起始时域位置。
进一步的，RO_offset也可以通过多项时间粒度表征。例如，若第一偏移值的时间粒度为符号、时隙或者***帧中的至少一项，上述公式(0)中的RO_offset也可以表示为n*Tsymbol+m*Tslot+k*Trf；其中，Tsymbol表示符号，Tslot表示时隙，Trf表示***帧，n、m、k为0或者正整数。
终端设备确定第一关联周期的起始时域位置后，可以确定不同情况下SSB周期对应的一个或多个关联周期以及关联周期内的RO，再根据目标SSB，确定关联周期内与目标SSB关联的RO。以下根据不同情况，对终端设备确定SSB周期对应的一个或多个关联周期内，与目标SSB关联的RO的具体实现方式进行介绍。
情况1：SSB周期对应一个关联周期。
情况1中，SSB周期对应的一个关联周期即为第一关联周期。第一配置信息中包括用于配置第一关联周期内的PRACH配置周期的配置信息(以下简称为第一信息)，终端设备确定第一关 联周期内的RO的具体过程如下：
终端设备根据第一信息，确定第一关联周期内PRACH配置周期的配置和PRACH配置周期内的RO配置，并从第一关联周期的起始时域位置开始进行RO配置。终端设备按照SSB到RO的关联映射规则，将SSB周期内网络侧发送的每个SSB映射到对应的RO，建立SSB与RO的关联关系，直至SSB周期内网络侧发送的所有SSB均已映射至RO，并根据关联周期配置表确定关联周期的可取值，从而将可取值中，满足SSB周期内网络侧发送的所有SSB完整映射至RO的最小值，确定为第一关联周期，并得到第一关联周期内RO与SSB的映射关系。
因为上述终端设备确定第一关联周期内的RO的过程中，终端设备可以建立第一关联周期内的RO与SSB的关联映射关系，所以终端设备确定第一关联周期内的RO后，可以根据RO与SSB的关联映射关系，从第一关联周期内的RO中确定与目标SSB关联的RO。
其中，终端设备可以在***消息中，获取到网络设备在SSB周期内发送的SSB的index。
其中，终端设备根据第一信息，配置PRACH配置周期以及PRACH配置周期内的RO的具体实现可以参考现有技术中终端设备根据相关配置信息配置PRACH配置周期的实现方式，在此不再展开。
其中，SSB到RO的关联映射规则，可以承载在***消息中。终端设备可以在目标SSB的指示下，获取***消息，从而获取SSB到RO的关联映射规则。其中，SSB到RO的关联映射规则可以包括一个SSB映射至多个RO(或称为一个SSB关联多个RO)，多个SSB映射至一个RO(或称为多个SSB关联一个RO)或者一个SSB映射至一个RO(或称为一个SSB关联一个RO)，本申请实施例对此不作限制。
其中，一种可能的实现中，终端设备按照SSB到RO的关联映射规则，将SSB周期内包括的每个SSB映射至PRACH配置周期内的RO时，可以根据SSB的index的大小关系，以及RO在PRACH配置周期内的index的大小关系，将SSB依次映射至RO。例如，SSB周期内有2个SSB：SSB0(index为0)和SSB1(index为1)，其中，SSB到RO的关联映射规则为一个SSB映射至3个RO，终端设备根据PRACH配置周期，确定一个PRACH配置周期内包括4个RO，则从第一关联周期的起始时域位置开始，第一个PRACH配置周期内的4个RO的index分别为0，1，2，3。第二个PRACH配置周期内的4个RO的index分别为4，5，6，7。终端设备将SSB映射至RO时，按照SSB的index，先将SSB0映射至RO，再将SSB1映射至RO。终端设备将SSB0映射至第一个PRACH配置周期内的RO时，按照RO的index依次进行映射，将SSB0映射至第一个PRACH配置周期内index分别为0，1和2的3个RO，再将SSB1映射至第一个PRACH配置周期内的index为3的RO，以及第二个配置周期内的index分别为4和5的2个RO。
为了便于理解，以下结合图7所示的示例性场景，对情况1中，终端设备如何确定SSB周期对应的关联周期以及关联周期内的RO进行介绍。
假设SSB至RO的映射规则为一个SSB关联一个RO，且SSB周期内网络设备发送SSB0(index为0)-SSB7(index为7)，这8个SSB的index依次递增。网络设备每2个***帧发送8个SSB。假设终端设备接收到这8个SSB中的一个或多个SSB后，从中选择一个目标SSB，目标SSB指示SIB1的时频位置。终端设备在目标SSB的指示下，在对应时频位置接收SIB1，获取第一偏移值和第一信息，并确定SSB周期内发送的SSB为SSB0-SSB7。其中，第一偏移值指示的第一关联周期的起始时域位置与参考***帧(假设是帧号为0的***帧)的起始时域位置之间的间隔时长为2个***帧。终端设备根据第一偏移值，确定第一关联周期的起始时域位置为帧号为2的***帧的起始时域位置。同时，终端设备根据第一信息，确定第一关联周期内一个PRACH配置周期占用一个***帧，一个PRACH配置周期内存在4个RO。终端设备从帧号为2的***帧开始，配置PRACH配置周期，并按照SSB的index，依次将SSB映射至PRACH配置周期内的RO上，得到如下映射关系：图7中的RO0与SSB0关联映射，RO1与SSB1关联映射，RO2与SSB2关联映射，RO3与SSB3关联映射，RO4与SSB4关联映射，RO5与SSB5关联映射，RO6与SSB6关联映射，RO7与SSB7关联映射。即将SSB周期中的SSB0-SSB7完整映射一次，需要8个RO，2个PRACH配置周期。且根据关联周期配置表(见表1)，确定PRACH配置周期时长为10ms时，关联周期候选取值为{1,2,4,8,16}，因此，满足所有SSB至少完整映射一次的最小取值为2， 第一关联周期取20ms，第一关联周期包括第一个PRACH配置周期(帧号为2的***帧)和第二个PRACH配置周期(帧号为3的***帧)，第二个PRACH配置周期的结束时域位置即为第一关联周期的结束时域位置。第一关联周期内与SSB关联的RO如图7所示，包括RO0-RO7。根据第一关联周期内RO与SSB的关联映射关系，假设终端设备选择的目标SSB是SSB0，则第一关联周期内与目标SSB关联的RO是RO0。
情况2：SSB周期对应多个关联周期。
情况2中，SSB到RO的关联映射规则为一个SSB关联多个RO。
情况2中，终端设备可以按照上述情况1中介绍的方式，确定第一关联周期内与目标SSB关联的RO。
一种可能的实现方式中，除确定第一关联周期内与目标SSB关联的RO之外，本申请实施例提供的随机接入方法还包括以下步骤：
S6031、终端设备根据目标SSB，接收来自网络设备的第二配置信息，第二配置信息用于配置第二关联周期中的RO；第二配置信息包括第二偏移值，第二偏移值指示第二关联周期与第一关联周期之间的间隔时长，或者，第二偏移值指示第二关联周期的起始时域位置与参考***帧的起始时域位置之间的间隔时长。
S6032、终端设备根据第二配置信息，确定第二关联周期的起始时域位置。
S6033、终端设备根据第二配置信息和第二关联周期的起始时域位置确定第二关联周期内的RO。
S6034、终端设备根据目标SSB，确定第二关联周期内与目标SSB关联的RO。
其中，第二关联周期可以是SSB周期对应的多个关联周期中，与第一关联周期不同的某一关联周期，示例性的，第二关联周期可以是多个关联周期中的第二个关联周期、第三个关联周期或者之后的关联周期。换言之，终端设备根据上述确定第二关联周期内与目标SSB关联的RO的步骤，可以确定SSB周期对应的多个关联周期中，与第一关联周期不同的某一关联周期内与目标SSB关联的RO，从而可以结合第一关联周期内与目标SSB关联的RO，确定SSB周期对应多个关联周期中，每个关联周期内与目标SSB关联的RO。
其中，SSB周期对应的多个关联周期中，每个关联周期内的RO可以与SSB周期内的所有SSB关联。换言之，SSB周期内的所有SSB，均可以映射至多个关联周期中的每个关联周期内的RO。
按照目前的随机接入方法，一个SSB周期内，单SSB关联的多个RO在时域上是相邻的，而终端设备在对应的RO上发送前导码后，若在RAR窗内收不到RAR，终端设备需要等下一个对应的RO来发送前导码。但是，两个相邻的时域RO的间隔往往超过了双向传输时延、终端设备处理的时延或RAR窗的时长，因此，对于终端设备而言，在一个SSB周期内，只能使用相邻的多个RO中的一个。可见，目前的随机接入方法，不能在一个SSB周期内给终端设备多次接入机会。而基于本申请实施例的随机接入方法，一个SSB周期可以对应多个关联周期，同一SSB关联的多个RO，可以分布在不同的关联周期内，实现同一SSB关联的不同RO在时域上不连续。同一SSB周期中，若终端设备来不及在当前的关联周期内的对应RO上发送前导码，终端设备可以在下一关联周期内的对应RO上发送前导码，换言之，一个SSB周期内，终端设备有多次接入机会，可以降低终端设备随机接入的时延，提高终端设备完成随机接入的效率。
S6031中，终端设备可以根据目标SSB中的信息，获取第二配置信息的时频位置，从而在对应的时频位置，接收到第二配置信息。
可选的，第二配置信息可以承载在***消息中。例如，第二配置信息可以承载在SIB1中。进一步地，终端设备获取的第二配置信息的时频位置，可以是承载第二配置信息的***消息所位于的搜索空间的时频位置。
S6031中，第二配置信息包括第二偏移值，第二偏移值指示第二关联周期与第一关联周期之间的间隔时长，例如，第二偏移值可以指示第二关联周期的起始时域位置与第一关联周期的起始时域位置之间的间隔时长。或者，第二偏移值指示第二关联周期的起始时域位置与参考***帧的起始时域位置之间的间隔时长。
其中，可选的，可以由新定义的参数配置第二偏移值。或者，可以复用现有的参数来配置第 二偏移值。示例性的，若第二偏移值指示第二关联周期与第一关联周期之间的间隔时长，可以通过新定义的参数RO_group_Offset-NTN配置第二偏移值。若第二偏移值指示第二关联周期的起始时域位置与参考***帧的起始时域位置之间的间隔时长，可以通过新定义的参数
AssociationPeriod-StartFrameOffset-NTN配置第二偏移值。
可选的，第二偏移值指示的间隔时长的时间粒度可以为***帧、子帧、半帧、时隙、符号、秒、毫秒或者微秒等任意可以表示时间的单位，具体可以参考上文对第一偏移值的介绍，在此不再展开。
S6032中，终端设备可以根据第二偏移值确定第二关联周期的起始时域位置。
具体地，在第二偏移值指示第二关联周期与第一关联周期之间的间隔时长的情况中，终端设备可以根据第一关联周期的时域位置以及第二偏移值指示的间隔时长，确定第二关联周期的起始时域位置。例如，第二偏移值指示第二关联周期的起始时域位置与第一关联周期的起始时域位置之间的间隔时长为2个***帧，第一关联周期的起始时域位置是帧号为X的***帧的起始时域位置，则帧号为X+2的***帧的起始时域位置是第二关联周期的起始时域位置。
或者，在第二偏移值指示第二关联周期的起始时域位置与参考***帧的起始时域位置之间的间隔时长的情况中，终端设备可以根据参考***帧的起始时域位置以及第二偏移值指示的间隔时长，确定第二关联周期的起始时域位置。例如，第二偏移值指示第二关联周期的起始时域位置与参考***帧(假设是帧号为0的***帧)的起始时域位置之间的间隔时长为4个***帧，则帧号为4的***帧的起始时域位置是第二关联周期的起始时域位置。
S6033中，终端设备确定第二关联周期的起始时域位置后，终端设备可以根据第二配置信息和第二关联周期的起始时域位置确定第二关联周期内的RO。
具体地，第二配置信息包括用于配置第二关联周期内的PRACH配置周期的信息(以下简称为第二信息)，终端设备可以根据第二信息，确定第二关联周期内PRACH配置周期的配置和PRACH配置周期内的RO配置，并从第二关联周期的起始时域位置开始进行RO配置。终端设备按照SSB到RO的关联映射规则，将SSB周期内网络侧发送的每个SSB映射到对应的RO，直至SSB周期内网络侧发送的所有SSB均已映射至RO，并根据关联周期配置表确定关联周期的可取值，从而将可取值中，满足SSB周期内网络侧发送的所有SSB完整映射至RO的最小值，确定为第二关联周期，并得到第一关联周期内RO与SSB的映射关系。
其中，终端设备可以在***消息中，获取到网络设备在SSB周期内发送的SSB的index。
其中，终端设备根据第二信息，配置PRACH配置周期以及PRACH配置周期内的RO的具体实现可以参考现有技术中终端设备根据相关配置信息配置PRACH配置周期的实现方式，在此不再展开。终端设备按照SSB到RO的关联映射规则，将SSB周期内包括的每个SSB映射至PRACH配置周期内的RO的具体实现可以参考上文对情况1中终端设备如何将SSB映射至RO的介绍，在此不再展开。
可选的，第一信息可以与第二信息不同。换言之，第一关联周期内PRACH配置周期的配置，可以与第二关联周期内PRACH配置周期的配置不同。示例性的，可以是PRACH配置周期内RO对应的前导格式不同、PRACH配置周期中RO的位置不同，PRACH配置周期中RO的数量不同等。换言之，基于本申请实施例的随机接入方法，不同的关联周期内RO可以独立配置，相比于使用同一套配置，更加灵活，终端设备可以根据不同情况，选择在哪个关联周期内的RO上发送前导码。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例对情况2中，SSB周期所对应的关联周期的数量，以及同一SSB在不同的关联周期内所关联的RO的数量，均不做限制。
示例性的，假设SSB周期包括SSB0、SSB1、SSB2和SSB3，SSB到RO的关联映射规则为一个SSB关联3个RO。一种可能的情况中，SSB周期可以对应2个关联周期，分别为第一关联周期和第二关联周期，其中，第一关联周期和第二关联周期内均有8个RO。一个SSB可以在第一关联周期内关联2个RO，则第一关联周期内的8个RO包括RO0、RO0(RO0指关联SSB0的RO)、RO1(RO1指关联SSB1的RO)、RO1、RO2(RO2指关联SSB2的RO)、RO2、RO3(RO3指关联SSB3的RO)、RO3。一个SSB可以在第二关联周期内关联一个RO，则第二关联 周期内的8个RO包括RO0、RO1、RO2、RO3以及其余未关联至SSB的RO。当然，也可以为一个SSB在第一关联周期内关联1个RO，在第二关联周期内关联2个RO。或者，上述示例的另一种可能的情况中，SSB周期可以对应2个关联周期，分别为第一关联周期和第二关联周期。其中，第一关联周期内有8个RO，第二关联周期内有4个RO。一个SSB可以在第一关联周期内关联2个RO，则第一关联周期内的8个RO包括RO0、RO0、RO1、RO1、RO2、RO2、RO3、RO3。一个SSB可以在第二关联周期内关联一个RO，则第二关联周期内的4个RO包括RO0、RO1、RO2和RO3。
或者，上述示例的另一种可能的情况中，SSB周期可以对应3个关联周期，分别为第一关联周期、第二关联周期和第三关联周期。其中，第一关联周期、第二关联周期和第三关联周期内均有8个RO。一个SSB在第一关联周期、第二关联周期以及第三关联周期内，均关联1个RO，则第一关联周期内的8个RO包括RO0、RO1、RO2、RO3以及其余未关联至SSB的RO，第二关联周期内的8个RO包括RO0、RO1、RO2、RO3以及其余未关联至SSB的RO，第三关联周期内的8个RO包括RO0、RO1、RO2、RO3以及其余未关联至SSB的RO。
其中，为了体现与SSB的关联关系，对该示例的说明中RO以RO的编号表征，如果用RO在PRACH配置周期内的index表征，则SSB0对应的RO的index分别为0、1，SSB1对应的RO的index分别为2、3，SSB2对应的RO的index分别为4、5，SSB3对应的RO的index分别为6、7，SSB4对应的RO的index分别为8、9，SSB5对应的RO的index分别为10、11，SSB6对应的RO的index分别为12、13，SSB7对应的RO的index分别为14、15。
S6034中，终端设备确定第二关联周期内的RO后，终端设备可以根据第二关联周期内的RO与SSB的关联映射关系，从第二关联周期内的RO中确定与目标SSB关联的RO。
为了便于理解，以下结合不同的示例性场景，对情况2中，终端设备如何确定SSB周期对应的关联周期以及关联周期内的RO进行介绍。
示例性的，假设SSB至RO的映射规则为一个SSB关联两个RO。SSB周期内网络设备发送SSB0(index为0)-SSB255(index为255)，这256个SSB的index依次递增。网络设备每2个***帧发送SSB周期中的8个SSB。假设终端设备在帧号为0的***帧内接收到前8个SSB：
SSB0-SSB7，终端设备可以从收到的一个或多个SSB中选择一个目标SSB，目标SSB指示SIB1的时频位置。终端设备在目标SSB的指示下，在对应时频位置接收SIB1，获取第一偏移值、第二偏移值、第一信息和第二信息，并确定网络设备在SSB周期内发送的SSB的index。
场景一：第一偏移值指示的第一关联周期的起始时域位置与参考***帧(假设是帧号为0的***帧)的起始时域位置之间的间隔时长为2个***帧。第二偏移值指示第二关联周期(假设第二关联周期是SSB周期对应的关联周期中的第二个关联周期)的起始时域位置与第一关联周期的起始时域位置的间隔时长是一个***帧。
终端设备根据第一偏移值，确定第一关联周期的起始时域位置为帧号为2的***帧的起始时域位置，并根据第二偏移值，确定第二关联周期的起始时域位置为帧号为3的***帧的起始时域位置。
终端设备根据第一信息和第二信息，确定第一关联周期和第二关联周期内一个PRACH配置周期占用一个***帧，一个PRACH配置周期内存在8个RO。
如图8所示，终端设备从帧号为2的***帧开始，配置第一关联周期内的第一个PRACH配置周期，并按照SSB的index，依次将SSB0-SSB7映射至该PRACH配置周期内的RO上。该PRACH配置周期配置完成后，终端设备从帧号为3的***帧开始，配置第二关联周期内的第一个PRACH配置周期，并按照SSB的index，依次将SSB映射至该PRACH配置周期内的RO上。
然后，终端设备从帧号为4的***帧开始，配置第一关联周期内的第二个PRACH配置周期，并按照SSB的index，依次将SSB8-SSB15映射至该PRACH配置周期内的RO上。该PRACH配置周期配置完成后，终端设备从帧号为5的***帧开始，配置第二关联周期内的第二个PRACH配置周期，并按照SSB的index，依次将SSB8-SSB15映射至该PRACH配置周期内的RO上。
进一步地，终端设备将SSB周期内网络设备发送的其他SSB映射至第一关联周期内的RO和第二关联周期内的RO的实现依次类推，直至将SSB周期中的SSB0-SSB255分别在第一关联周期 和第二关联周期中完整映射，得到如图8所示的映射关系。图8中ROn与index为n的SSB关联，例如RO1，n为1，RO1与SSB1关联映射。假设终端设备选择的目标SSB是SSB0，则第一关联周期和第二关联周期内与目标SSB关联的RO是RO0。
场景二：第一偏移值指示的第一关联周期的起始时域位置与参考***帧(假设是帧号为0的***帧)的起始时域位置之间的间隔时长为2个***帧。第二偏移值指示第二关联周期的起始时域位置与第一关联周期的起始时域位置的间隔时长是33个***帧。
终端设备根据第一偏移值，确定第一关联周期的起始时域位置为帧号为2的***帧的起始时域位置，并根据第二偏移值，确定第二关联周期的起始时域位置为帧号为35的***帧的起始时域位置。
终端设备根据第一信息和第二信息，确定第一关联周期和第二关联周期内一个PRACH配置周期占用2个***帧，一个PRACH配置周期内存在8个RO。
如图9所示，终端设备从帧号为2的***帧开始，配置第一关联周期内的第一个PRACH配置周期，并按照SSB的index，依次将SSB0-SSB7映射至该PRACH配置周期内的RO上。该PRACH配置周期配置完成后，终端设备从帧号为35的***帧开始，配置第二关联周期内的第一个PRACH配置周期，并按照SSB的index，依次将SSB0-SSB7映射至该PRACH配置周期内的RO上。
然后，终端设备从帧号为4的***帧开始，配置第一关联周期内的第二个PRACH配置周期，并按照SSB的index，依次将SSB8-SSB15映射至该PRACH配置周期内的RO上。该PRACH配置周期配置完成后，终端设备从帧号为37的***帧开始，配置第二关联周期内的第二个PRACH配置周期，并按照SSB的index，依次将SSB8-SSB15映射至该PRACH配置周期内的RO上。
进一步地，终端设备将SSB周期内网络设备发送的其他SSB映射至第一关联周期内的RO和第二关联周期内的RO的实现依次类推，直至将SSB周期中的SSB0-SSB255分别在第一关联周期和第二关联周期中完整映射，得到如图9所示的映射关系。图9中ROn与index为n的SSB关联，例如RO1，n为1，RO1与SSB1关联映射。假设终端设备选择的目标SSB是SSB0，则第一关联周期和第二关联周期内与目标SSB关联的RO是RO0。
上述场景一和场景二中，第一信息和第二信息相同，以下介绍第一信息与第二信息不同，第一关联周期内PRACH配置周期的配置与第二关联周期内PRACH配置周期的配置不同的示例性场景。
场景三：第一偏移值指示的第一关联周期的起始时域位置与参考***帧(假设是帧号为0的***帧)的起始时域位置之间的间隔时长为2个***帧。第二偏移值指示第二关联周期的起始时域位置与参考***帧的起始时域位置之间的间隔时长是3个***帧。
终端设备根据第一偏移值，确定第一关联周期的起始时域位置为帧号为2的***帧的起始时域位置，并根据第二偏移值，确定第二关联周期的起始时域位置为帧号为3的***帧的起始时域位置。
终端设备根据第一信息，确定第一关联周期内一个PRACH配置周期占用1个***帧，一个PRACH配置周期内存在8个RO。终端设备根据第二信息，确定第二关联周期内一个PRACH配置周期占用1个***帧，一个PRACH配置周期内存在4个RO。
如图10所示，终端设备从帧号为2的***帧开始，配置第一关联周期内的第一个PRACH配置周期，并按照SSB的index，依次将SSB0-SSB7映射至该PRACH配置周期内的RO上。该PRACH配置周期配置完成后，终端设备从帧号为3的***帧开始，配置第二关联周期内的第一个PRACH配置周期，并按照SSB的index，依次将SSB0-SSB3映射至该PRACH配置周期内的RO上。
然后，终端设备从帧号为4的***帧开始，配置第一关联周期内的第二个PRACH配置周期，并按照SSB的index，依次将SSB8-SSB15映射至该PRACH配置周期内的RO上。该PRACH配置周期配置完成后，终端设备从帧号为5的***帧开始，配置第二关联周期内的第二个PRACH配置周期，并按照SSB的index，依次将SSB4-SSB7映射至该PRACH配置周期内的RO上。
进一步地，假设之后终端设备在SSB周期内接收到其他SSB，终端设备将接收到的SSB映射至第一关联周期内的RO和第二关联周期内的RO的实现依次类推，直至将SSB周期中的SSB0-SSB255分别在第一关联周期和第二关联周期中完整映射，得到如图10所示的映射关系。图 10中ROn与index为n的SSB关联，例如RO1，n为1，RO1与SSB1关联映射。假设终端设备选择的目标SSB是SSB0，则第一关联周期和第二关联周期内与目标SSB关联的RO是RO0。
需要说明的是，上述对示例性场景的说明中，SSB数量、偏移值、PRACH周期内的RO数量等取值均为示例，本申请实施例对具体数值不做限定。
对于S604，终端设备确定与目标SSB关联的一个或多个RO后，从中选择一个RO，在该RO上发送前导码。相对应的，网络设备在该RO上接收终端设备发送的前导码。
其中，可选的，终端设备可以从目标SSB关联的一个或多个RO中随机选择一个RO，或者，终端设备可以从目标SSB关联的一个或多个RO中，选择离当前时间点最近的RO，或者，终端设备也可以通过其他方式从目标SSB关联的一个或多个RO中选择一个RO，本申请实施例对此不做限制。
本申请实施例还提供另一种随机接入方法，其交互示意如图11所示。图11中以网络设备和终端设备作为该交互示意的执行主体为例来示意该方法，但本申请并不限制该交互示意的执行主体。例如，图11中的网络设备也可以是支持该网络设备实现该方法的芯片、芯片***、或处理器，还可以是能实现全部或部分网络设备功能的逻辑模块或软件；图11中的终端设备也可以是支持该终端设备实现该方法的芯片、芯片***、或处理器，还可以是能实现全部或部分终端设备功能的逻辑模块或软件。该随机接入方法包括S1101-S1104：
S1101、终端设备接收来自网络设备的同步信号块周期内的目标同步信号块。
S1102、终端设备根据目标同步信号块，接收来自网络设备的第三配置信息；第三配置信息用于指示PRACH配置周期内的第一个参考时间单元存在RO，参考时间单元为子帧或者时隙；或者，第三配置信息用于指示PRACH配置周期内存在RO的参考时间单元的数量为2的整数倍。
S1103、终端设备根据第三配置信息和目标同步信号块，确定与目标同步信号块关联的随机接入时机。
S1104、终端设备在目标同步信号块关联的随机接入时机中的一个随机接入时机上向网络设备发送前导码。
目前协议规定，FR1频段下，单***帧的PRACH配置周期支持配置的包含RO的子帧数量为1、2、3、5、10，且包含RO的子帧不连续。一方面，若SSB数量为8的整数倍，在将SSB映射至RO时，非SSB数量整数倍的RO资源会不能与SSB建立关联关系而失效，造成上行资源浪费。举例来说，将8个SSB按照一对一的映射规则映射至10个RO时，前8个RO可以和8个SSB进行映射，剩下的2个RO资源没有映射的SSB，会失效，不能用于发送RO，也不能用于数据传输，造成了资源浪费。另一方面，在包含RO的子帧分散的情况下，剩余可以用于上行数据传输的时频资源是不连续的，对于负载较大的上行信令，很难拥有连续的可以用于传输的时频资源，影响接入性能。
基于本申请实施例的随机接入方法，终端设备可以基于第三配置信息，确定PRACH配置周期内的第一个参考时间单元上存在RO，换言之，可以使存在RO的参考时间单元在PRACH配置周期内尽量靠前，剩余的连续时频资源可以用于上行数据传输。或者，终端设备可以基于第三配置信息，确定PRACH配置周期内的存在RO的参考时间单元的数量是2的整数倍，以避免在SSB数量为8的整数倍的情况下，因为非SSB数量整数倍的RO资源不能与SSB建立关联关系而失效，造成上行资源浪费的情况。
S1101的具体实现可以参考上文对S601的介绍，在此不再展开。
S1102中，第三配置信息可以承载在***消息中，例如，可以承载在SIB1中。终端设备根据目标SSB，获取第三配置信息的具体实现可以参考上文对S602中获取第一配置信息的介绍。
其中，第三配置信息可以是用于配置PRACH配置周期的配置信息。具体他，第三配置信息可以指示PRACH配置周期内的第一个参考时间单元存在RO。其中，第一个参考时间单元是PRACH配置周期内时域上最早的参考时间单元。或者，第三配置信息可以指示PRACH配置周期内存在RO的参考时间单元的数量为2的整数倍。
其中，参考时间单元可以是子帧或者时隙。例如，第三配置信息指示PRACH配置周期内第一个子帧存在RO。又例如，第三配置信息指示PRACH配置周期内存在RO的时隙的数量为2、4、 6或者8个。
可选的，若第三配置信息指示PRACH配置周期内存在RO的参考时间单元的数量为2的整数倍，第三配置信息指示的PRACH配置周期内存在RO的参考时间单元在时域上还可以是连续的。例如，第三配置信息指示PRACH配置周期内，index分别为1、2、3、4的4个子帧是存在RO的子帧。基于本方案，可以提供连续的上行资源用于发送RO，提高了接入性能。
进一步地，第三配置信息可以指示PRACH配置周期内存在RO的参考时间单元是PRACH配置周期内的前N个参考时间单元，其中，N为2的整数倍。例如，第三配置信息指示PRACH配置周期内，前8个时隙上存在RO。基于本方案，可以提供连续的上行资源用于发送RO，且剩余的连续的上行资源可以用于传输其它上行数据，如随机接入过程中的消息3(message3，Msg3)、消息5(message5，Msg5)、UE能力信息等上行数据。
示例性的，假设参考时间单元是子帧，第三配置信息可以通过下表3的形式来指示PRACH配置周期内存在RO的参考时间单元。
表3
上表3中，PRACH配置索引1指示PRACH配置周期内，存在RO的子帧的索引是0，即PRACH配置周期内，第一个子帧存在RO。
上表3中，PRACH配置索引2-4可以指示PRACH配置周期内，存在RO的子帧在时域上靠前且连续，且存在RO的子帧数量为2的整数倍。具体地，PRACH配置索引2指示PRACH配置周期内，存在RO的子帧的索引是0和1，即PRACH配置周期内，第一个子帧和第二个子帧存在RO。PRACH配置索引3指示PRACH配置周期内，存在RO的子帧的索引是0、1、2、3，即PRACH配置周期内，前4个子帧存在RO。PRACH配置索引4指示PRACH配置周期内，存在RO的子帧的索引包括0、1、2、3、4、5、6和7，即PRACH配置周期内，前8个子帧存在RO。
上表3中，PRACH配置索引5-9可以指示PRACH配置周期内，存在RO的子帧在时域上靠前，且存在RO的子帧数量为2的整数倍。具体地，PRACH配置索引5指示PRACH配置周期内，存在RO的子帧的索引包括0和2，即PRACH配置周期内，第一个子帧和第三个子帧存在RO。PRACH配置索引6指示PRACH配置周期内，存在RO的子帧的索引包括0、2、4和6，即PRACH配置周期内，第一个子帧、第三个子帧、第五个子帧和第七个子帧存在RO。PRACH配置索引7指示PRACH配置周期内，存在RO的子帧的索引包括1、3、5和7，即PRACH配置周期内，第二个子帧、第四个子帧、第六个子帧和第八个子帧存在RO。PRACH配置索引8指示PRACH配置周期内，存在RO的子帧的索引包括2、4、6和8，即PRACH配置周期内，第三个子帧、第五个子帧、第七个子帧和第九个子帧存在RO。PRACH配置索引9指示PRACH配置周期内，存在RO的子帧的索引包括0、3、6和9，即PRACH配置周期内，第一个子帧、第四个子帧、第七个子帧和第十个子帧存在RO。
需要说明是，上表3所示的PRACH配置索引与存在RO的子帧的索引的对应关系，是本申请实施例给出的一种示例性指示存在RO的参考时间单元的形式，本申请实施例对指示存在RO的参考时间单元的具体形式不作限制。
需要说明的是，假设第三配置信息通过PRACH配置索引与PRACH配置周期内存在RO的参考时间单元的索引的对应关系，指示PRACH配置周期内存在RO的参考时间单元，本申请实施例对第三配置信息中，PRACH配置索引与PRACH配置周期内存在RO的参考时间单元的索引的对应关系的具体形式，不做限制，例如，第三配置信息可以包括上表3中的任意一行或多行，又例如，上表3中存在RO的子帧的索引，可以调整为存在RO的时隙的索引。
可选的，第三配置信息还可以配置以下至少一项：
RO上的前导格式(preamble format)、PRACH配置周期的时长、PRACH配置周期内RO的起始符号位置、一个子帧内PRACH时隙的数量、一个PRACH时隙内RO的数量、一个RO占用的符号数。
示例性的，假设参考时间单元是子帧，第三配置信息可以通过下表4的形式来指示PRACH配置周期内存在RO的参考时间单元。
表4
表4中，PRACH配置索引、前导格式、nSFNmodx＝y，子帧号，l0，的意义，可以参考上文对表1的介绍，在此不再展开。
表4中，PRACH配置索引与前导格式、nSFNmodx＝y，子帧号，l0，存在对应关系，第三配置信息不仅可以通过如表4所示的PRACH配置索引与子帧号的对应关系，指示PRACH配置周期内存在RO的子帧，还可以通过PRACH配置索引与前导格式、nSFNmodx＝y，l0，的对应关系，配置PRACH配置周期的其他配置。
以表4中PRACH配置索引为3的一行对应的PRACH配置周期为例，其中前导格式为B4，表示该PRACH配置周期内的RO上前导码的前导格式为B4。x＝2，y＝0，即nSFNmod2＝0，表示PRACH配置周期为2个***帧。子帧号为0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7，表示该PRACH配置周期内，存在RO的子帧的索引包括0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7，即PRACH配置周期内，前8个子帧存在RO。l0为0，表示PRACH配置周期内，RO的起始符号的索引为0。为1，表示PRACH配置周期中，一个子帧包括1 个PRACH时隙。为1，表示一个PRACH时隙包括1个RO。为12,表示一个RO占用12个符号。
可选的，在PRACH配置周期包括多个***帧的情况下，第三配置信息配置的不同的***帧内存在RO的参考时间单元的索引可以相同。
示例性的，以表4中PRACH配置索引为11的一行对应的PRACH配置周期为例，子帧号为{0,1,10,11}，表示PRACH配置周期内存在RO的子帧的索引为0,1,10,11，nSFNmodx＝y中x＝4，表示该PRACH配置周期有4个***帧。并且，y＝0，nSFNmod4＝0表示PRACH配置周期为4个***帧，每4个***帧中的第1个***帧为开始配置RO的***帧。此外，当x＝4，y＝1时，nSFNmod4＝1表示PRACH配置周期为4个***帧，每4个***帧中的第2个***帧为开始配置RO资源的***帧。当x＝4，y＝2时，nSFNmod4＝2表示PRACH配置周期为4个***帧，每4个***帧中的第3个***帧为开始配置RO的***帧，类似地，PRACH配置周期为多个***帧时，开始配置RO的***帧可以以此类推，在此不再赘述。子帧号为{0,1,10,11}可以理解为，PRACH配置周期内，从开始配置RO的***帧起，第一个***帧中存在RO的子帧的索引为0和1，第二个***帧中存在RO的子帧的索引也为0和1(对应子帧号10和11)。同理，以表4中PRACH配置索引为5的一行对应的PRACH配置周期为例，子帧号为{0,1,2,3,10,11,12,13}，表示PRACH配置周期内，从开始配置RO的***帧起，第一个***帧中存在RO的子帧的索引为0，1,2,3，第二个***帧中存在RO的索引同样为0,1,2,3(对应子帧号10,11,12,13)。
又例如，假设参考时间单元是子帧，第三配置信息还可以通过下表5的形式来指示PRACH配置周期内存在RO的参考时间单元。
表5
表5中，PRACH配置索引、前导格式、nSFNmodx＝y，子帧号，l0，的意义，可以参考上文对表1的介绍，在此不再展开。
表5中，PRACH配置索引与前导格式、nSFNmodx＝y，子帧号，l0， 存在对应关系，第三配置信息不仅可以通过如表4所示的PRACH配置索引与子帧号的对应关系，指示PRACH配置周期内存在RO的子帧，还可以通过PRACH配置索引与前导格式、nSFNmodx＝y，l0，的对应关系，配置PRACH配置周期的其他配置。
表5中，PRACH配置索引对应的子帧编号，指一个***帧内的子帧编号。由于表5是基于一个***帧包括10个子帧，子帧编号从0到9，最大值为9的场景建立的，因此，表5中，一个PRACH配置索引对应的子帧编号不超过9。可以理解的是，若后续一个***帧包括的子帧数量进行了调整，例如增加至12个子帧或减少至8个子帧，表5中，PRACH配置索引对应的子帧编号的最大值，也可以进行相应的调整，不超过一个***帧中子帧编号的最大值。
可选的，在PRACH配置周期包括多个***帧的情况下，第三配置信息配置的不同的***帧内存在RO的参考时间单元的索引可以相同。以表5为例，若某一PRACH配置索引对应的PRACH配置周期包括多个***帧，该PRACH配置索引对应的子帧号，即是***帧内存在RO的子帧的索引。
以表5中PRACH配置索引为5的一行对应的PRACH配置周期为例，其中前导格式为B4，表示该PRACH配置周期内的RO上前导码的前导格式为B4。x＝4，表示PRACH配置周期为4个***帧。y＝0或1，y＝0时，nSFNmod4＝0表示每4个***帧中的第1个***帧包括存在RO的子帧，y＝1时，nSFNmod4＝1表示每4个***帧中的第2个***帧包括存在RO的子帧。子帧号为0,1,2,3，表示该PRACH配置周期内，***帧若包括存在RO的子帧，存在RO的子帧的索引包括0,1,2,3。即每4个***帧中，第1个***帧和第2个***帧包括存在RO的子帧，且第1个***帧内存在RO的子帧的索引为0,1,2,3(对应子帧号0,1,2,3)，第2个***帧内存在RO的子帧的索引同样为0,1,2,3(对应子帧号0,1,2,3)。
此外，PRACH配置索引为5的一行中，l0为0，表示PRACH配置周期内，RO的起始符号的索引为0。为1，表示PRACH配置周期中，一个子帧包括1个PRACH时隙。为1，表示一个PRACH时隙包括1个RO。为12,表示一个RO占用12个符号。
可以理解的是，上述实施例示出的表格形式的第三配置信息的示例(例如表3、表4或表5)中，表格中的具体内容仅为示例，表格内不同信息的格式/取值可以进行调整，可以删除表格中的信息或往表格中增加信息，表格中的行和列也可以任意组合，来形成新的表格形式的第三配置信息。本申请实施例对第三配置信息的内容和形式不作限制。
S1103中，终端设备可以根据第三配置信息确定PRACH配置周期内的RO配置，即关联周期内每个PRACH配置周期内的RO配置，从而确定关联周期内的RO，并将SSB周期内的SSB映射至关联周期内的RO。然后，终端设备根据目标SSB的index确定与目标SSB关联的RO。其中，终端设备根据PRACH配置周期的配置，在关联周期内确定RO，并将SSB周期内的SSB映射至关联周期内的RO的具体实现，可以参考上文对S603中相应内容的介绍，在此不再展开。
其中，可选的，关联周期的起始时域位置可以是帧号为0的***帧的起始时域位置。换言之，终端设备可以按照现有协议，确定关联周期的起始时域位置，从而结合第三配置信息确定关联周期内的RO。或者，终端设备可以按照如图6所示的方法实施例中的方式，确定SSB周期对应的一个或多个关联周期(例如第一关联周期和/或第二关联周期)的起始时域位置，从而结合第三配置信息确定关联周期内的RO。
需要说明的是，若终端设备按照如图6所示的随机接入方法中的方式，确定SSB周期对应的一个或多个关联周期的起始时域位置，第三配置信息也可以是第一配置信息或者第二配置信息。例如，在第三配置信息是第一配置信息的情况下，终端设备可以根据第一配置信息，确定第一关联周期内，PRACH配置周期内的第一个参考时间单元存在RO，或者，PRACH配置周期内存在RO的参考时间单元的数量为2的整数倍。在第三配置信息是第二配置信息的情况下，终端设备可以根据第二配置信息，确定第二关联周期内，PRACH配置周期内的第一个参考时间单元存在RO，或者，PRACH配置周期内存在RO的参考时间单元的数量为2的整数倍。
其中，可选的，终端设备根据第三配置信息确定PRACH配置周期内的RO配置时，实际的时间单元可以与第三配置信息中的参考时间单元不同。在该情况下，终端设备可以根据第三配置信息中的参考时间单元，与实际的时间单元的关系，确定PRACH配置周期内存在RO的时间单 元。本申请对该情况下，终端设备根据第三配置信息，确定PRACH配置周期内存在RO的时间单元的具体实现不做限制。
示例性的，第三配置信息中，存在RO的参考时间单元，是子载波间隔为15kHz时的子帧，一个子帧对应一个时隙，第三配置信息指示PRACH配置周期内，第一个子帧存在RO。终端设备根据第三配置信息确定PRACH配置周期内的RO配置时，子载波间隔为30kHz，一个子帧包括2个时隙，终端设备可以配置第一个子帧包括的两个时隙均存在RO，或者，也可以配置第一个子帧包括的两个时隙中，第一个时隙存在RO，或者，也可以配置第一个子帧包括的两个时隙中，第二个时隙存在RO。
可选的，终端设备根据第三配置信息确定PRACH配置周期内的RO配置时，若实际的时间单元与第三配置信息中的参考时间单元相同，终端设备可以直接根据第三配置信息的指示，确定PRACH配置周期内存在RO的时间单元。
示例性的，第三配置信息中，存在RO的参考时间单元，是子载波间隔为15kHz时的子帧，一个子帧对应一个时隙，第三配置信息指示PRACH配置周期内，第一个子帧存在RO。终端设备根据第三配置信息确定PRACH配置周期内的RO配置时，子载波间隔为15kHz，终端设备可以配置第一个子帧对应的时隙存在RO。
S1104的具体实现可以参考上文对S604的介绍，在此不再展开。
在随机接入流程中，终端设备可以选择SSB，并选择SSB对应的一个RO，在选择的RO上发送前导码。不过，在某些情况下，终端设备在通过选择的RO发送前导码时，选择的RO可能不是当前时刻的最佳SSB对应的RO。例如，在NTN***中，假设终端设备在接收到的SSB中选择的目标SSB是SSB#0，终端设备在t1时刻接收到SSB#0，并确定SSB#0对应的RO是RO#0，从而在t2时刻的RO#0上发送前导码。不过，由于卫星高速移动或终端设备位置移动等因素，可能会出现t2时刻与t1时刻间隔过长，超过了SSB周期，比如t2-t1＝1s，而SSB周期为640ms，1s>640ms，导致在t2时刻服务终端设备的SSB波束发生变化，换言之，t2时刻服务终端设备的最优SSB已经不是SSB#0，这会导致终端设备在t2时刻的RO#0上发送的前导码无法被网络侧正确接收，影响接入性能。
基于上述问题，可选的，本申请实施例还提供一种可以对终端设备选择的RO进行约束的方案。本方案中，终端设备期望，终端设备选择的用于发送前导码的RO(可以称为目标RO)所位于的时刻，与终端设备接收到目标SSB的时刻之间的间隔时长，不超过一定时长(这一定时长可以称为有效时长或有效期，本申请实施例对其具体名称不作限制)。也可以理解为，终端设备期望选择的RO在有效时长内。
可选的，目标RO所在的时刻，可以是目标RO对应的任一时域位置(例如RO的起始时域位置或是结束时域位置)所在的时刻。
示例性的，假设有效时长为T，终端设备接收到目标SSB的时刻为t1，终端设备在与目标SSB关联的RO中，选择所在时刻在t1+T之内的目标RO来发送前导码。
以下介绍几种有效时长的确定方式：
可选的，有效时长的取值可以是终端设备预先配置的，或者，可以是协议预定义的。其中，对于终端设备预配置有效时长的取值的情况，网络设备可以预配置相同的有效时长的取值，或者说，有效时长的取值可以是终端设备和网络设备预先约定好的。例如，终端设备和网络设备可以预先约定有效时长为160ms、320ms或者640ms。或者，协议可以定义有效时长为160ms、320ms或者640ms。
可选的，有效时长的取值也可以是网络设备指示的。例如，网络设备可以通过***消息或RRC信令配置有效时长为160ms、320ms、640ms。
可选的，有效时长的取值也可以是由协议预定义并由网络设备指示的。例如，假设协议定义有效时长为SSB周期，网络设备通过***信息指示SSB周期为160ms。从而终端设备确定有效时长为160ms。
可选的，有效时长可以小于或等于SSB周期。
可选的，有效时长可以设置为一个或多个SSB周期内相同SSB索引的SSB波束方向保持不 变的最小时长，或者，可以设置为一个或多个SSB周期内相同SSB索引的SSB波束的服务区域保持不变的最小时长。
其中，可选的，一个或多个SSB周期内，每个SSB索引对应的SSB波束方向或者每个SSB索引对应SSB波束的服务区域保持不变的时长，可以是网络设备和终端设备预先约定的，也可以是协议预定义的，也可以是网络设备指示给终端设备的，本申请实施例对终端设备确定相同SSB索引的SSB波束方向或者相同SSB索引的SSB波束的服务区域保持不变的时长的具体实现方式不作限制。
示例性的，假设SSB周期为160ms，网络设备在160ms内发送64个SSB，其中，SSB0的波束方向为波束0，服务地面区域0，SSB1的波束方向为波束1，服务地面区域1。假设320ms(2个SSB周期)内，SSB0在第一个160ms(第1个SSB周期)内和第二个160ms(第2个SSB周期)内对应的波束方向不变，均为波束0，或者对应的服务地面区域不变，均为地面区域0。且SSB0对应的SSB波束方向或者SSB波束服务地面区域保持不变的时长320ms，在网络设备发送的64个SSB分别对应的SSB波束方向或者SSB波束服务地面区域保持不变的时长中，是最小的。在这样的场景中，有效时长可以设置为相同SSB索引的SSB波束服务区域或SSB波束方向保持不变的最小时间320ms。
需要说明的是，上述对有效时长的取值的说明中，有效时长的具体数值仅为举例，本申请对有效时长的具体数值不作限制。
基于本方案，终端设备可以约束选择的用于发送前导码的RO在有效期内，从而避免了终端设备选择的RO对应的SSB并非当前时刻的最优SSB，保证了终端设备选择的RO的性能，提升了发送随机接入请求的性能。
可选的，本申请实施例提供的如图6所示的随机接入方法、如图11所示的随机接入方法和上述约束RO在有效期内的方案，可以相互结合应用，也可以独立应用，本申请实施例对此不作限制。
可以理解的是，以上各个实施例中，由终端设备实现的方法和/或步骤，也可以由可用于终端设备的部件(例如芯片或者电路)实现。由网络设备实现的方法和/或步骤，也可以由可用于网络设备的部件(例如芯片或者电路)实现。
上述主要从各个设备之间交互的角度对本申请实施例提供的方案进行了介绍。相应的，本申请实施例还提供了通信装置，该通信装置用于实现上述各种方法。该通信装置可以为上述方法实施例中的终端设备，或者包含上述终端设备的装置，或者为可用于终端设备的部件；或者，该通信装置可以为上述方法实施例中的网络设备，或者包含上述网络设备的装置，或者为可用于网络设备的部件。可以理解的是，该通信装置为了实现上述功能，其包含了执行各个功能相应的硬件结构和/或软件模块。本领域技术人员应该很容易意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，本申请能够以硬件或硬件和计算机软件的结合形式来实现。某个功能究竟以硬件还是计算机软件驱动硬件的方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
本申请实施例可以根据上述方法实施例中对通信装置进行功能模块的划分，例如，可以对应各个功能划分各个功能模块，也可以将两个或两个以上的功能集成在一个处理模块中。上述集成的模块既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能模块的形式实现。需要说明的是，本申请实施例中对模块的划分是示意性的，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式。
以通信装置为上述方法实施例中的终端设备为例，图12示出了一种通信装置1200的结构示意图。该通信装置1200包括接口模块1201和处理模块1202。所述接口模块1201，也可以称为收发模块或收发单元，接口模块1201用以实现收发功能，例如可以是收发电路，收发机，收发器或者通信接口。
在一种可能的设计中，接口模块1201，用于接收来自网络设备的同步信号块周期内的目标同步信号块；处理模块1202，用于根据目标同步信号块，接收来自网络设备的第一配置信息，第一 配置信息包括第一偏移值，第一偏移值指示第一关联周期的起始时域位置与参考***帧的起始时域位置之间的间隔时长，第一关联周期为同步信号块周期对应的一个或多个关联周期中的第一个关联周期；处理模块1202，还用于根据第一配置信息和目标同步信号块，确定一个或多个关联周期内与目标同步信号块关联的随机接入时机；接口模块1201，还用于在目标同步信号块关联的随机接入时机中的一个随机接入时机上向网络设备发送前导码。
在一种可能的设计中，目标同步信号块关联多个随机接入时机，同步信号块周期对应多个关联周期；接口模块1201，还用于根据目标同步信号块，接收来自网络设备的第二配置信息，第二配置信息用于配置第二关联周期中的随机接入时机；第二配置信息包括第二偏移值；第二偏移值指示第二关联周期与第一关联周期之间的间隔时长，或者，第二偏移值指示第二关联周期的起始时域位置与参考***帧的起始时域位置之间的间隔时长；处理模块1202，还用于根据第二配置信息，确定第二关联周期的起始时域位置；处理模块1202，还用于根据第二配置信息和第二关联周期的起始时域位置确定第二关联周期内的随机接入时机；处理模块1202，还用于根据目标同步信号块，确定第二关联周期内与目标同步信号块关联的随机接入时机。
在一种可能的设计中，第二配置信息用于配置第二关联周期中的随机接入时机，包括：第二配置信息用于指示第二关联周期包括的随机接入配置周期内的第一个参考时间单元存在随机接入时机，参考时间单元为时隙或者子帧；或者，第二配置信息用于指示第二关联周期包括的随机接入配置周期内存在随机接入时机的参考时间单元的数量为2的整数倍。
在一种可能的设计中，第二配置信息用于指示第二关联周期包括的随机接入配置周期内存在随机接入时机的参考时间单元的数量为2的整数倍，包括：第二配置信息用于指示第二关联周期包括的随机接入配置周期内存在随机接入时机的参考时间单元的数量为2的整数倍，且存在随机接入时机的参考时间单元在时域上是连续的。
在一种可能的设计中，第二配置信息用于指示第二关联周期包括的随机接入配置周期内存在随机接入时机的参考时间单元是随机接入配置周期内的前N个参考时间单元，N为2的整数倍。
在一种可能的设计中，第一配置信息包括第一信息，第一信息用于配置第一关联周期中的随机接入时机；第二配置信息包括第二信息，第二信息用于配置第二关联周期中的随机接入时机；第一信息与第二信息不同。
在一种可能的设计中，第一信息和第二信息用于配置随机接入时机对应的前导格式。
在一种可能的设计中，第一偏移值为符号个数、时隙个数、子帧个数或者***帧个数中的一项。
在一种可能的设计中，接口模块1201在目标同步信号块关联的随机接入时机中的一个随机接入时机上向网络设备发送前导码，包括：在目标同步信号块关联的随机接入时机中的目标随机接入时机上向网络设备发送前导码；其中，目标随机接入时机所在的时刻与目标同步信号块所在的时刻之间的间隔时长，不超过有效时长。
在一种可能的设计中，有效时长是终端设备或网络设备或协议预配置的，或者，是网络设备指示的，或者，有效时长是由协议预定义并由网络设备指示的。
在本实施例中，该通信装置1200以采用集成的方式划分各个功能模块的形式来呈现。这里的“模块”可以指特定ASIC，电路，执行一个或多个软件或固件程序的处理器和存储器，集成逻辑电路，和/或其他可以提供上述功能的器件。
在一个简单的实施例中，本领域的技术人员可以想到该通信装置1200可以采用图4所示的终端设备的形式。
比如，图4所示的终端设备中的处理器401可以通过调用存储器402中存储的计算机执行指令，使得终端设备执行上述方法实施例中的随机接入方法。具体的，图12中的接口模块1201和处理模块1202的功能/实现过程可以通过图4所示的终端设备中的处理器401调用存储器402中存储的计算机执行指令来实现。或者，图12中的处理模块1202的功能/实现过程可以通过图4所示的终端设备中的处理器401调用存储器402中存储的计算机执行指令来实现，图12中的接口模块1201的功能/实现过程可以通过图4所示的终端设备中的收发器403来实现。
由于本实施例提供的通信装置1200可执行上述随机接入方法，因此其所能获得的技术效果可 参考上述方法实施例，在此不再赘述。
以通信装置为上述方法实施例中的网络设备为例，图13示出了一种通信装置1300的结构示意图。该通信装置1300包括接口模块1301。接口模块1301用以实现收发功能，例如可以是收发电路，收发机，收发器或者通信接口。
在一种可能的设计中，接口模块1301，用于向终端设备发送同步信号块周期内的目标同步信号块；接口模块1301，还用于向终端设备发送第一配置信息，第一配置信息包括第一偏移值，第一偏移值指示第一关联周期的起始时域位置与参考***帧的起始时域位置之间的间隔时长，第一关联周期为同步信号块周期对应的一个或多个关联周期中的第一个关联周期；接口模块1301，还用于在一个或多个关联周期内，与目标同步信号块关联的随机接入时机中的一个随机接入时机上接收来自终端设备的前导码。
在一种可能的设计中，目标同步信号块关联多个随机接入时机，同步信号块周期对应多个关联周期；接口模块1301，还用于向终端设备发送第二配置信息，第二配置信息用于配置第二关联周期中的随机接入时机，第二配置信息包括第二偏移值，第二偏移值指示第二关联周期与第一关联周期之间的间隔时长，或者，第二偏移值指示第二关联周期的起始时域位置与参考***帧的起始时域位置之间的间隔时长。
在一种可能的设计中，第二配置信息用于配置第二关联周期中的随机接入时机，包括：第二配置信息用于指示第二关联周期包括的随机接入配置周期内的第一个参考时间单元存在随机接入时机，参考时间单元为子帧或者时隙；或者，第二配置信息用于指示第二关联周期包括的随机接入配置周期内存在随机接入时机的参考时间单元的数量为2的整数倍。
在一种可能的设计中，第二配置信息用于指示第二关联周期包括的随机接入配置周期内存在随机接入时机的参考时间单元的数量为2的整数倍，包括：第二配置信息用于指示第二关联周期包括的随机接入配置周期内存在随机接入时机的参考时间单元的数量为2的整数倍，且存在随机接入时机的参考时间单元在时域上是连续的。
在一种可能的设计中，第二配置信息用于指示第二关联周期包括的随机接入配置周期内存在随机接入时机的参考时间单元是随机接入配置周期内的前N个参考时间单元，N为2的整数倍。
在一种可能的设计中，第一配置信息包括第一信息，第一信息用于配置第一关联周期中的随机接入时机；第二配置信息包括第二信息，第二信息用于配置第二关联周期中的随机接入时机；第一信息与第二信息不同。
在一种可能的设计中，第一信息和第二信息用于配置随机接入时机对应的前导格式。
在一种可能的设计中，第一偏移值为符号个数、时隙个数、子帧个数或者***帧个数中的一项。
在一种可能的设计中，接口模块1301在一个或多个关联周期内，与目标同步信号块关联的随机接入时机中的一个随机接入时机上接收来自终端设备的前导码，包括：在一个或多个关联周期内，与目标同步信号块关联的随机接入时机中的目标随机接入时机上接收来自终端设备的前导码；其中，目标随机接入时机所在的时刻与目标同步信号块所在的时刻之间的间隔时长，不超过有效时长。
在一种可能的设计中，有效时长是终端设备或网络设备或协议预配置的，或者，是网络设备指示的，或者，有效时长是由协议预定义并由网络设备指示的。
在本实施例中，该通信装置1300以采用集成的方式划分各个功能模块的形式来呈现。这里的“模块”可以指特定ASIC，电路，执行一个或多个软件或固件程序的处理器和存储器，集成逻辑电路，和/或其他可以提供上述功能的器件。
在一个简单的实施例中，本领域的技术人员可以想到该通信装置1300可以采用图4所示的网络设备的形式。
比如，图4所示的网络设备中的处理器301可以通过调用存储器302中存储的计算机执行指令，使得网络设备执行上述方法实施例中的随机接入方法。具体的，图13中的接口模块1301的功能/实现过程可以通过图4所示的网络设备中的处理器301调用存储器302中存储的计算机执行指令来实现。或者，图13中的接口模块1301的功能/实现过程可以通过图3所示的网络设备中的 收发器303来实现。
由于本实施例提供的通信装置1300可执行上述随机接入方法，因此其所能获得的技术效果可参考上述方法实施例，在此不再赘述。
需要说明的是，以上模块或单元的一个或多个可以软件、硬件或二者结合来实现。当以上任一模块或单元以软件实现的时候，所述软件以计算机程序指令的方式存在，并被存储在存储器中，处理器可以用于执行所述程序指令并实现以上方法流程。该处理器可以内置于SoC(片上***)或ASIC，也可是一个独立的半导体芯片。该处理器内处理用于执行软件指令以进行运算或处理的核外，还可进一步包括必要的硬件加速器，如FPGA、可编程逻辑器件(programmable logic device，PLD)、或者实现专用逻辑运算的逻辑电路。
当以上模块或单元以硬件实现的时候，该硬件可以是CPU、微处理器、DSP芯片、微控制单元(microcontroller unit，MCU)、人工智能处理器、ASIC、SoC、FPGA、PLD、专用数字电路、硬件加速器或非集成的分立器件中的任一个或任一组合，其可以运行必要的软件或不依赖于软件以执行以上方法流程。
可选的，本申请实施例还提供了一种芯片***，包括：至少一个处理器和接口，该至少一个处理器通过接口与存储器耦合，当该至少一个处理器执行存储器中的计算机程序或指令时，使得上述任一方法实施例中的方法被执行。在一种可能的实现方式中，该通信装置还包括存储器。可选的，该芯片***可以由芯片构成，也可以包含芯片和其他分立器件，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。
在上述实施例中，可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现。当使用软件程序实现时，可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式来实现。
本申请提供一种计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机指令，当其在通信装置上运行时，使得本申请实施例的任一方法被执行。
在计算机上加载和执行计算机程序指令时，全部或部分地产生按照本申请实施例所述的流程或功能。所述计算机可以是通用计算机、专用计算机、计算机网络、或者其他可编程装置。
计算机指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中。本申请实施例提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，该计算机可读存储介质中存储有指令，当其在通信装置上运行时，使得本申请实施例的任一方法被执行。
计算机指令可以从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一个计算机可读存储介质传输，例如，所述计算机指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或者数据中心通过有线(例如同轴电缆、光纤、数字用户线(digital subscriber line，DSL))或无线(例如红外、无线、微波等)方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心进行传输。计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质或者是包含一个或多个可以用介质集成的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。可用介质可以是磁性介质(例如，软盘、硬盘、磁带)，光介质[例如，数字通用光盘(digital versatile disc，DVD)]、或者半导体介质(例如固态硬盘(solid state drive，SSD))等。
尽管在此结合各实施例对本申请进行了描述，然而，在实施所要求保护的本申请过程中，本领域技术人员通过查看所述附图、公开内容、以及所附权利要求书，可理解并实现所述公开实施例的其他变化。在权利要求中，“包括”(comprising)一词不排除其他组成部分或步骤，“一”或“一个”不排除多个的情况。单个处理器或其他单元可以实现权利要求中列举的若干项功能。相互不同的从属权利要求中记载了某些措施，但这并不表示这些措施不能组合起来产生良好的效果。
尽管结合具体特征及其实施例对本申请进行了描述，显而易见的，在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可对其进行各种修改和组合。相应地，本说明书和附图仅仅是所附权利要求所界定的本申请的示例性说明，且视为已覆盖本申请范围内的任意和所有修改、变化、组合或等同物。倘若本申请的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本申请也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (22)

  1. 一种随机接入方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    接收来自网络设备的同步信号块周期内的目标同步信号块；
    根据所述目标同步信号块，接收来自所述网络设备的第一配置信息；所述第一配置信息包括第一偏移值；所述第一偏移值指示第一关联周期的起始时域位置与参考***帧的起始时域位置之间的间隔时长；所述第一关联周期为所述同步信号块周期对应的一个或多个关联周期中的第一个关联周期；
    根据所述第一配置信息和所述目标同步信号块，确定所述一个或多个关联周期内与所述目标同步信号块关联的随机接入时机；
    在所述目标同步信号块关联的随机接入时机中的一个随机接入时机上向所述网络设备发送前导码。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述目标同步信号块关联多个随机接入时机，所述同步信号块周期对应多个关联周期；所述方法还包括：
    根据目标同步信号块，接收来自所述网络设备的第二配置信息，所述第二配置信息用于配置第二关联周期中的随机接入时机；所述第二配置信息包括第二偏移值；所述第二偏移值指示所述第二关联周期与所述第一关联周期之间的间隔时长，或者，所述第二偏移值指示所述第二关联周期的起始时域位置与所述参考***帧的起始时域位置之间的间隔时长；
    根据所述第二配置信息，确定所述第二关联周期的起始时域位置；
    根据所述第二配置信息和所述第二关联周期的起始时域位置确定所述第二关联周期内的随机接入时机；
    根据所述目标同步信号块，确定所述第二关联周期内与所述目标同步信号块关联的随机接入时机。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二配置信息用于配置第二关联周期中的随机接入时机，包括：
    所述第二配置信息用于指示所述第二关联周期包括的随机接入配置周期内的第一个参考时间单元存在随机接入时机；所述参考时间单元为时隙或者子帧；
    或者，所述第二配置信息用于指示所述第二关联周期包括的随机接入配置周期内，存在随机接入时机的参考时间单元的数量为2的整数倍。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二配置信息用于指示所述第二关联周期包括的随机接入配置周期内，存在随机接入时机的参考时间单元的数量为2的整数倍，包括：
    所述第二配置信息用于指示所述第二关联周期包括的随机接入配置周期内，存在随机接入时机的参考时间单元的数量为2的整数倍，且所述存在随机接入时机的参考时间单元在时域上是连续的。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二配置信息用于指示所述第二关联周期包括的随机接入配置周期内，存在随机接入时机的参考时间单元是所述随机接入配置周期内的前N个参考时间单元，N为2的整数倍。
  6. 根据权利要求2-5任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一配置信息包括第一信息，所述第一信息用于配置所述第一关联周期中的随机接入时机；所述第二配置信息包括第二信息，所述第二信息用于配置所述第二关联周期中的随机接入时机；所述第一信息与所述第二信息不同。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信息和所述第二信息用于配置随机接入时机对应的前导格式。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一偏移值为毫秒个数、秒个数、符号个数、时隙个数、子帧个数或者***帧个数中的一项。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述在所述目标同步信号块关联的随机接入时机中的一个随机接入时机上向所述网络设备发送前导码，包括：
    在所述目标同步信号块关联的随机接入时机中的目标随机接入时机上向所述网络设备发送前导码；其中，所述目标随机接入时机所在的时刻与所述目标同步信号块所在的时刻之间的间隔时 长，不超过有效时长。
  10. 一种随机接入方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    向终端设备发送同步信号块周期内的目标同步信号块；
    向所述终端设备发送第一配置信息；所述第一配置信息包括第一偏移值；所述第一偏移值指示第一关联周期的起始时域位置与参考***帧的起始时域位置之间的间隔时长；所述第一关联周期为所述同步信号块周期对应的一个或多个关联周期中的第一个关联周期；
    在所述一个或多个关联周期内，与所述目标同步信号块关联的随机接入时机中的一个随机接入时机上接收来自所述终端设备的前导码。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述目标同步信号块关联多个随机接入时机，所述同步信号块周期对应多个关联周期；所述方法还包括：
    向所述终端设备发送第二配置信息，所述第二配置信息用于配置第二关联周期中的随机接入时机；所述第二配置信息包括第二偏移值；所述第二偏移值指示所述第二关联周期与所述第一关联周期之间的间隔时长，或者，所述第二偏移值指示所述第二关联周期的起始时域位置与所述参考***帧的起始时域位置之间的间隔时长。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二配置信息用于指示所述第二关联周期包括的随机接入配置周期内的第一个参考时间单元存在随机接入时机；所述参考时间单元为时隙或者子帧；
    或者，所述第二配置信息用于指示所述第二关联周期包括的随机接入配置周期内，存在随机接入时机的参考时间单元的数量为2的整数倍。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二配置信息用于指示所述第二关联周期包括的随机接入配置周期内，存在随机接入时机的参考时间单元的数量为2的整数倍，包括：
    所述第二配置信息用于指示所述第二关联周期包括的随机接入配置周期内，存在随机接入时机的参考时间单元的数量为2的整数倍，且所述存在随机接入时机的参考时间单元在时域上是连续的。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二配置信息用于指示所述第二关联周期包括的随机接入配置周期内，存在随机接入时机的参考时间单元是所述随机接入配置周期内的前N个参考时间单元，N为2的整数倍。
  15. 根据权利要求11-14任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一配置信息包括第一信息，所述第一信息用于配置所述第一关联周期中的随机接入时机；所述第二配置信息包括第二信息，所述第二信息用于配置所述第一关联周期中的随机接入时机；所述第一信息与所述第二信息不同。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信息和所述第二信息用于配置随机接入时机对应的前导格式。
  17. 根据权利要求10-16任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一偏移值为毫秒个数、秒个数、符号个数、时隙个数、子帧个数或者***帧个数中的一项。
  18. 根据权利要求10-17任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述在所述一个或多个关联周期内，与所述目标同步信号块关联的随机接入时机中的一个随机接入时机上接收来自所述终端设备的前导码，包括：
    在所述一个或多个关联周期内，与所述目标同步信号块关联的随机接入时机中的目标随机接入时机上接收来自所述终端设备的前导码；其中，所述目标随机接入时机所在的时刻与所述目标同步信号块所在的时刻之间的间隔时长，不超过有效时长。
  19. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括：用于实现权利要求1-9任一项所述的方法的模块或单元；或者，用于实现权利要求10-18任一项所述的方法的模块或单元。
  20. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，所述通信装置包括：处理器，所述处理器与存储器耦合，所述存储器用于存储计算机执行指令，所述处理器用于执行所述存储器存储的所述指令；当所述指令被所述处理器运行时，使得所述通信装置执行权利要求1-9中任一项所述的方法，或者，使得所述通信装置实现权利要求10-18中任一项所述的方法。
  21. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，其上存储有计算机程序，当所述计算机程序被计 算机执行时使得权利要求1-9中任一项所述的方法被执行，或者，使得权利要求10-18中任一项所述的方法被执行。
  22. 一种通信***，其特征在于，所述通信***包括终端设备和网络设备；所述终端设备，用于执行权利要求1-9中任一项所述的方法；所述网络设备，用于执行权利要求10-18中任一项所述的方法。
PCT/CN2023/123014 2022-09-30 2023-09-28 随机接入方法、装置及*** WO2024067872A1 (zh)

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