WO2024055857A1 - Antenna and electronic device - Google Patents

Antenna and electronic device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024055857A1
WO2024055857A1 PCT/CN2023/116725 CN2023116725W WO2024055857A1 WO 2024055857 A1 WO2024055857 A1 WO 2024055857A1 CN 2023116725 W CN2023116725 W CN 2023116725W WO 2024055857 A1 WO2024055857 A1 WO 2024055857A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
unit
antenna
circuit board
feed unit
conductor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/116725
Other languages
French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
许志玮
宇恩佐
戴祯坊
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Publication of WO2024055857A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024055857A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/44—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas using equipment having another main function to serve additionally as an antenna, e.g. means for giving an antenna an aesthetic aspect
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular, to an antenna and an electronic device.
  • wearable devices can realize different functions through the Internet, such as obtaining weather temperature information, location information, etc. Most of these functions are inseparable from the positioning function.
  • positioning is generally performed by setting up a GPS antenna in the wearable device.
  • the existing GPS antenna is generally designed on the metal shell of the wearable device, with the metal shell serving as the radiator.
  • this antenna form fails to consider the elliptical polarization characteristics of satellite positioning or communication, making it difficult to achieve better positioning accuracy.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide an antenna and electronic equipment to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art that the antenna is designed on the metal shell of the wearable device, resulting in poor elliptical polarization characteristics and poor positioning accuracy for satellite positioning or communication. .
  • a first aspect of the present application provides an antenna, which includes:
  • a feed unit the conductor is electrically connected to the circuit board through the feed unit;
  • a grounding unit the conductor is connected to the circuit board through the grounding unit to achieve grounding
  • the central angle of the feeding unit and the grounding unit relative to the center of the circuit board is 75° to 105°.
  • the antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application can make the phase difference of the two resonant modes generated to be 90° ⁇ 20° by making the central angle of the feed unit and the ground unit relative to the center of the circuit board 75° to 105°. This can produce elliptical polarization conditions, enabling the antenna to have right-handed elliptical polarization characteristics required for satellite positioning or left-handed elliptical polarization characteristics required for satellite communications.
  • the circuit board is connected to the conductor through a plurality of metal connectors, one of the two adjacent metal connectors is the feed unit, and the other is the grounding unit. unit.
  • the metal connector can be used to connect and fix the conductor and the circuit board, and can also be used as a feed unit or a ground unit to realize the feed function or the ground function, so that the antenna can achieve elliptical polarization while also being able to It has a relatively simple structure, realizes miniaturization and thinning of the antenna, and facilitates placement in electronic equipment.
  • the metal connecting member is a screw or a spring piece.
  • the use of screws or spring clips can not only achieve reliable connection between the circuit board and the conductor, but also facilitate the construction of a feed unit or a grounding unit.
  • a first current path is formed on one side of the feed unit and the ground unit on the conductor, and a first current path is formed on the other side of the feed unit and the ground unit.
  • There is a second current path and the first current path is longer than the second current path; within the set frequency band, the antenna excites the first resonance on the side where the first current path is located, and the first resonance is generated on the side where the first current path is located.
  • the side where the second current path is located excites a second resonance, and the current directions corresponding to the first resonance and the second resonance are orthogonal to each other, so that the antenna forms an elliptically polarized antenna.
  • the set frequency band is 1500MHz ⁇ 2200MHz.
  • the phase difference between the two modes is between 90° ⁇ 20°, that is, the currents of the two modes are orthogonal and the phase difference is 90° ⁇ 20°, which can produce elliptical polarization conditions.
  • a central angle between the feed unit and the ground unit relative to the center of the circuit board is 90°.
  • the phase difference between the two resonant modes can be about 90°.
  • the ground unit is connected to the conductor through a tuning device. This allows the axial ratio of the antenna to be tuned by the tuning device.
  • the central angle of the feeding unit and the grounding unit relative to the center of the circuit board is greater than or equal to 75° and less than 90°, and the axial ratio frequency point of the antenna is passed through the tuning
  • the device is arranged in the GPS frequency band; the ground unit and the feed unit are arranged along a first rotational direction to produce a right-handed elliptical polarization, or the grounding unit and the feeding unit are arranged along a second rotational direction to produce a left-hand elliptical polarization.
  • Polarization the first handedness is opposite to the second handedness.
  • the central angle of the feeding unit and the grounding unit relative to the center of the circuit board is greater than 90° and less than or equal to 105°, and the axial ratio frequency point of the antenna is passed through the tuning
  • the device is set in the GPS frequency band; the ground unit and the feed unit are arranged along the second rotation direction to produce a right-handed elliptical polarization, or the ground unit and the feed unit are arranged along the first rotation direction to produce a left-hand elliptical polarization.
  • Polarization; the second handedness is opposite to the first handedness.
  • the tuning device is an inductor. This makes it easy to configure an inductor with a corresponding inductance value for the grounding unit.
  • the feed unit is connected to an impedance matching circuit. This makes it easy to configure the corresponding impedance for the feed unit.
  • the shape of the conductor and/or the circuit board is circular or polygonal.
  • the diameter of the conductor and/or the circuit board is greater than 40 mm.
  • a second aspect of this application also provides an electronic device, which includes the antenna provided in the first aspect of this application.
  • the electronic device includes a metal frame, and the metal frame is at least partially the conductor. This eliminates the need to provide a separate conductor, allowing the antenna structure to be thinned, thereby reducing the thickness of the electronic device.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is another structural schematic diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is a graph of two resonance modes of the antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a current distribution diagram of the first resonance mode in an antenna structure
  • Figure 5 is a current distribution diagram of the second resonance mode in an antenna structure
  • Figure 6 is a current distribution diagram of the first resonance mode in another antenna structure
  • Figure 7 is a current distribution diagram of the second resonance mode in another antenna structure
  • Figure 8 is a graph of the phase difference between the second resonance mode and the first resonance mode
  • Figure 9 is the current distribution diagram (1) when the grounding unit and the feed unit are arranged counterclockwise;
  • Figure 10 is the current distribution diagram when the grounding unit and the feed unit are arranged clockwise;
  • Figure 11 is the S11 curve of the antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 12 shows the S11 curve of the antenna when the tuning device has different inductance values
  • Figure 13 is a graph of the axial ratio of the antenna when the tuning device has different inductance values
  • Figure 14 is the current distribution diagram (2) when the grounding unit and the feed unit are configured counterclockwise;
  • Figure 15 is an axial ratio curve diagram of the antenna
  • Figure 16 is the S11 curve when the antenna is configured with a tuning device for the ground unit and an impedance matching circuit for the feed unit;
  • Figure 17 is a graph of the axial ratio of the antenna when it is configured with a tuning device for the ground unit and an impedance matching circuit for the feed unit;
  • Figure 18 is a current distribution diagram when the antenna is configured with a tuning device for the ground unit and an impedance matching circuit for the feed unit, and the ground unit and feed unit are arranged counterclockwise;
  • Figure 19 is the S11 curve of the antenna when the central angle of the feed unit and the ground unit relative to the center of the circuit board is less than 90°, and the tuning device has different inductance values;
  • Figure 20 is a graph of the axial ratio of the antenna when the central angle of the feed unit and the ground unit relative to the center of the circuit board is less than 90° and the tuning device has different inductance values;
  • Figure 21 is the S11 curve when the central angle of the antenna between the feed unit and the ground unit relative to the center of the circuit board is less than 90° and the impedance matching circuit is not straight-through;
  • Figure 22 is a graph of the axial ratio of the antenna when the central angle of the feed unit and the ground unit relative to the center of the circuit board is less than 90° and the impedance matching circuit is not straight-through;
  • Figure 23 shows that the central angle of the antenna between the feed unit and the ground unit relative to the center of the circuit board is less than 90°, and the ground unit and the feed unit are Current distribution diagram in counterclockwise configuration;
  • Figure 24 is a graph of the axial ratio of the antenna when the central angle of the feed unit and the ground unit relative to the center of the circuit board is greater than 90° and the tuning device has different inductance values;
  • Figure 25 is the S11 curve of the antenna when the central angle of the feed unit and the ground unit relative to the center of the circuit board is greater than 90°, and the tuning device and impedance matching circuit are configured;
  • Figure 26 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna when the central angle of the feed unit and the ground unit relative to the center of the circuit board is greater than 90°, and the ground unit and the feed unit are arranged clockwise.
  • connection can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection.
  • Connection, or electrical connection may be direct or indirect through an intermediary.
  • wearable devices can realize different functions through the Internet, such as real-time monitoring of human heartbeat, sleep status, obtaining weather temperature information, location information, etc. Most of these functions are inseparable from location positioning functions.
  • positioning is usually performed by setting up a GPS antenna in a wearable device.
  • the existing GPS antenna is generally designed on the metal shell of the wearable device, with the metal shell serving as the radiator.
  • this antenna form fails to consider the elliptical polarization characteristics of satellite positioning or communication, making it difficult to achieve better positioning accuracy.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device and an antenna.
  • the antenna can be applied to the electronic device to realize the transmission or reception of wireless signals.
  • the electronic device can be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a handheld computer, a notebook computer, an ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), a netbook, a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (personal digital assistant) digital assistant (PDA), augmented reality (AR) equipment, virtual reality (VR) equipment, artificial intelligence (artificial intelligence, AI) equipment, and satellite positioning or communication systems used by wearable devices, such as: GPS, GNSS, Tiantong-1 satellite communication, vehicle-mounted equipment, smart home equipment and/or smart city equipment.
  • the embodiments of this application do not place special restrictions on the specific types of electronic equipment.
  • the embodiment of the present application takes the electronic device as a wearable device as an example for description.
  • the antenna includes a conductor 11, a circuit board 2, a feed unit 7 and a grounding unit 8.
  • the conductor 11 is electrically connected to the circuit board 2 through the feed unit 7.
  • the conductor 11 is connected to the circuit board 2 through the ground unit 8 to achieve grounding.
  • the central angle of the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8 relative to the center of the circuit board 2 is 75° to 105°.
  • both the feeding unit 7 and the grounding unit 8 can be located near the edge of the circuit board 2, thereby ensuring that the circuit board 2 has There is a large space for arranging various electronic components, and the circuit board 2 can be a printed circuit board 2 (Printed Circuit Board, PCB).
  • the feeding unit 7 can feed the antenna, so that the conductor 11 can radiate energy to the outside.
  • the ground unit 8 can realize the grounding of the antenna.
  • the electronic device may include a metal frame, which may at least partially serve as the conductor 11 of the antenna. There is no need to separately provide the conductor 11, thereby thinning the antenna structure and thus the thickness of the electronic device. thickness.
  • the circuit board 2 has a geometric center, and the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8 can be arranged on a circle with the geometric center as the center.
  • the connection between the feed unit 7 and the center of the circle is the same as the connection between the feed unit 7 and the center of the circle.
  • the angle between them is the central angle between the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8 relative to the center of the circuit board 2.
  • the central angle can range from 75° to 105°. Within this angle range, the power supply unit 7
  • Two resonance modes can be generated respectively on both sides of the grounding unit 8 and the grounding unit 8 .
  • the current phase between the feeding unit 7 and the grounding unit 8 is opposite, showing a differential mode, while on the other side of the feeding unit 7 and the grounding unit 8,
  • the current phases between the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8 are the same and exhibit a common mode. Therefore, the currents of the two resonant modes are orthogonal to each other and then close to orthogonality, and the phase difference is between 90° ⁇ 20°, that is, the two orthogonal modes can produce elliptical polarization conditions.
  • the phase difference between the two generated resonant modes can be within 90° ⁇ 20°, which can produce elliptical polarization conditions and enable the antenna to have right-handed elliptical polarization characteristics required for satellite positioning or left-handed elliptical polarization characteristics required for satellite communications.
  • the circuit board 2 is connected to the conductor 11 through a plurality of metal connectors.
  • One of the two adjacent metal connectors is the feed unit 7 and the other is the ground unit 8 .
  • this metal connector can be used to connect and fix the conductor 11 and the circuit board 2, and can also be used as the feed unit 7 or the ground unit 8 to realize the feed function or the ground function, so that the antenna can achieve elliptical polarization at the same time , and can have a relatively simple structure, realize miniaturization and thinning of the antenna, and facilitate placement in electronic equipment.
  • the plurality of metal connectors can be evenly distributed on the circumference with the center of the circuit board 2 as the center when any two adjacent metal connectors meet the above-mentioned central angle of 75° to 105°, so that the actual layout can be achieved
  • any two adjacent metal connectors are selected as the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8 respectively, which facilitates the flexible arrangement of antennas in electronic equipment.
  • each metal connector can be a first metal connector 3, a second metal connector 4, a third metal connector 5 and a fourth metal connector 6 respectively.
  • the connecting piece 3, the second metal connecting piece 4, the third metal connecting piece 5 and the fourth metal connecting piece 6 can be arranged counterclockwise or clockwise. In this embodiment, for convenience of explanation, the figures in Figures 1 and 2 are used The counterclockwise arrangement is used as an example for illustration.
  • the first metal connector 3 and the second metal connector 4 are two adjacent metal connectors.
  • the first metal connector 3 can be used as the feed unit 7 and the second metal connector 4 can be used as the grounding unit 8.
  • the first metal connector 3 can also be used as the grounding unit 8 and the second metal connector 4 can be used as the power feeding unit 7 .
  • the second metal connector 4 and the third metal connector 5, the third metal connector 5 and the fourth metal connector 6, the fourth metal connector 6 and the first metal connector 3 are also adjacent respectively.
  • the two metal connectors can each constitute the feeding unit 7 or the grounding unit 8 respectively.
  • the first resonance mode is generated on one side of the two adjacent metal connectors and the second resonance mode is generated on the other side.
  • the current flows corresponding to the two resonant modes are orthogonal or close to orthogonal, as shown in Figures 4 and 5 and Figures 6 and 7, which can produce elliptical polarization conditions, allowing the antenna to have the capabilities required for satellite positioning Right-hand polarization characteristics or left-hand polarization characteristics required for satellite communications.
  • the metal connecting piece may be a screw or a spring piece, or a combination of a screw and a spring piece.
  • the use of screws or elastic pieces can not only achieve reliable connection between the circuit board 2 and the conductor 11, but also facilitate the construction of the feed unit 7 or the ground unit 8.
  • a first current path is formed on one side of the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8 on the conductor 11
  • a first current path is formed on the other side of the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8 .
  • the second current path, the first current path is longer than the second current path.
  • the antenna excites the first resonance on the side where the first current path is located, and the second resonance on the side where the second current path is located.
  • the current directions corresponding to the first resonance and the second resonance are mutually exclusive. Orthogonally, the antenna forms an elliptically polarized antenna.
  • Figure 4 shows the current distribution in the first resonance mode
  • Figure 5 shows the current distribution in the second resonance mode
  • the current direction on the circuit board 2 shown in Figure 4 is mainly downward.
  • the current direction on the circuit board 2 shown in Figure 5 is mainly to the right, so the downward and right current directions are close to orthogonal, resulting in a circular polarization condition.
  • Figure 6 shows the current distribution in the first resonance mode
  • Figure 7 shows the current distribution in the second resonance mode
  • the current direction on the circuit board 2 shown in Figure 6 is mainly up
  • the current direction on the circuit board 2 shown in Figure 7 is mainly to the left, so the upward and left current directions are nearly orthogonal, resulting in a circular polarization condition.
  • the antenna excites the first resonance mode (1 ⁇ mode) on one side of the first current path.
  • the current corresponding to the first resonance has an opposite phase between the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8, showing a differential mode.
  • the antenna excites a second resonance mode (0.5 ⁇ mode) on one side of the second current path.
  • the current corresponding to the second resonance has the same current phase between the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8 and presents a common mode.
  • the two resonant modes are electrically orthogonal or nearly orthogonal to each other.
  • the phase difference curve of the second resonant mode and the first resonant mode shown in Figure 8 is obtained by calculating the difference between the characteristic angles of the second resonant curve and the first resonant curve in Figure 3.
  • the two The phase difference between the two modes is between 90° ⁇ 20°, that is, the currents in the two modes are orthogonal and the phase difference is 90° ⁇ 20°, which can produce elliptical polarization conditions.
  • the frequency band set above is 1500MHz ⁇ 2200MHz, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 8.
  • the phase difference between the two modes is between 90° ⁇ 20°, that is, the currents in the two modes are orthogonal and phase-free.
  • the difference is 90° ⁇ 20°, which can produce elliptical polarization conditions.
  • the first resonant frequency with a characteristic angle of 180° is 1654MHz
  • the second resonant frequency is 2015MHz, which can meet the requirements of satellite positioning after forming elliptical polarization.
  • the central angle of the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8 relative to the center of the circuit board 2 is 90°.
  • the first metal connector 3 is the ground unit 8 and the second metal connector 4 is the feed unit 7.
  • the circuit board at the resonance point The current on 2 rotates counterclockwise and is right-hand polarized.
  • the ground unit 8 and the feed unit 7 are arranged clockwise, that is, the first metal connector 3 is the feed unit 7 and the second metal connector 4 is the ground unit 8.
  • the circuit board at the resonance point The current on 2 rotates clockwise and is left-handed polarization.
  • FIG 11 is an S11 graph of the antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the S11 graph shows the S11 when the central angle between the ground unit 8 and the feed unit 7 relative to the center of the circuit board 2 is 90°.
  • the structure of the circuit board 2 is symmetrical, and each metal connector is symmetrically distributed.
  • the S11 diagram shown in Figure 11 contains two mutually orthogonal characteristic modes, and the phase difference is about 90°.
  • grounding unit 8 and the feeding unit 7 When configured counterclockwise, right-hand polarization can be generated, and when the ground unit 8 and feed unit 7 are configured clockwise, left-hand polarization can be generated, so that the antenna meets the requirements of satellite positioning.
  • the ground unit 8 is connected to the conductor 11 through a tuning device.
  • the matching circuit of the feeding unit 7 is straight-through
  • the grounding unit 8 is connected to the conductor 11 through the tuning device.
  • the inductance value of the tuning device changes, the S11 and axial ratio of the antenna decrease in frequency as the inductance value increases. That is, the axial ratio of the antenna can be tuned by a tuning device.
  • Figure 12 is the S11 curve of the antenna when the tuning device has different inductance values.
  • curve a represents the antenna S11 when the inductance value of the tuning device is 0
  • curve b represents the S11 of the antenna when the inductance value of the tuning device is 3nH.
  • Antenna S11, curve c indicates that the tuning device is the antenna S11 when the inductance value is 6nH. It can be seen that as the inductance value of the tuning device increases, the frequency corresponding to S11 of the resonance point of the curve gradually decreases, that is, it can be achieved by tuning the device. Tune.
  • Figure 13 is a graph of the axial ratio of the antenna when the tuning device has different inductance values.
  • Curve f represents the antenna axial ratio when the inductance value of the tuning device is 0.
  • Curve g represents the antenna axial ratio when the inductance value of the tuning device is 3nH.
  • Curve h represents the axial ratio of the antenna when the inductance value of the tuning device is 6nH. It can be seen that as the inductance value of the tuning device increases, the axial ratio of the resonance point of the curve corresponding to the frequency gradually decreases, that is, tuning can be achieved through the tuning device. .
  • the tuning device can be an inductor, and of course it can also be other devices with different inductance values.
  • the shape of the conductor 11 and/or the circuit board 2 may be circular or polygonal, and the polygonal shape may be a square, a rectangle, a pentagon, a hexagon, etc.
  • the circuit board 2 and the conductor 11 are both circular; as shown in Figure 2, the conductor 11 and the circuit board 2 are both square.
  • the antenna has the same current distribution, that is, when the ground unit 8 and the feed unit 7 are arranged counterclockwise, the current on the circuit board 2 at the resonance point is counterclockwise. Rotation, right-handed polarization. When the grounding unit 8 and the feeding unit 7 are arranged clockwise, the current on the circuit board 2 at the resonance point rotates clockwise and is left-handed polarization.
  • the diameters of the conductor 11 and the circuit board 2 are greater than 40 mm, the elliptical polarization effect of the antenna can be achieved.
  • the diameters of the conductor 11 and the circuit board 2 may be 40 mm to 50 mm.
  • Figure 14 is the current distribution diagram (2) when the grounding unit 8 and the feed unit 7 are arranged counterclockwise. As shown in Figures 2 and 14, when the conductor 11 and the circuit board 2 are both square, and When the grounding unit 8 and the feeding unit 7 are arranged counterclockwise, the current on the circuit board 2 at the resonance point rotates counterclockwise and is right-handedly polarized.
  • Figure 15 is an axial ratio curve of the antenna, as shown in Figure 2, Figure 14 and Figure 15.
  • the curve shown in Figure 15 is the axial ratio curve when the inductance value of the tuning device is 3.9nH.
  • the feeding unit 7 is connected with an impedance matching circuit.
  • Figure 16 shows the antenna configuring the tuning device to the ground unit 8 and the antenna to the feed
  • the S11 curve when the electrical unit 7 is configured with an impedance matching circuit is shown in Figure 16.
  • the grounding unit 8 makes the antenna have a lower axial ratio in the GPS frequency band by changing the inductance value of the tuning device
  • the feeding unit can be 7 Configure the impedance matching circuit to make the antenna have better S11.
  • curve i is the S11 curve when the inductance value of the tuning device is 3nH
  • curve j is the S11 curve when the inductance value of the tuning device is 3nH and the inductance value of the impedance matching circuit is 4.5nH. Comparing curve i and curve j, it can be seen that by configuring the impedance matching circuit for the feed unit 7, the antenna can have better S11.
  • Curve k is the S11 curve when the inductance value of the tuning device is 6nH.
  • Curve l is the S11 curve when the inductance value of the tuning device is 6nH and the inductance value of the impedance matching circuit is 5.6nH. Comparison between curve k and curve l It can be seen that by configuring the impedance matching circuit for the feeding unit 7, the antenna can have better S11.
  • Figure 17 is an axial ratio curve diagram of the antenna when the tuning device is configured for the ground unit 8 and the impedance matching circuit is configured for the feed unit 7.
  • Figure 17 shows that the central angle between the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8 is 90°.
  • the axis ratio curve corresponding to the situation.
  • Curve m is the axial ratio curve when the inductance value of the tuning device is 3nH.
  • Curve n is the axial ratio curve when the inductance value of the tuning device is 3nH and the inductance value of the impedance matching circuit is 4.5nH. From the curve m and the curve From the comparison of n, it can be seen that the curve m and the curve n completely overlap.
  • Curve o is the axial ratio curve when the inductance value of the tuning device is 6nH.
  • Curve p is the axial ratio curve when the inductance value of the tuning device is 6nH and the inductance value of the impedance matching circuit is 5.6nH.
  • Curve o and curve Comparing p it can be seen that the curve o and the curve p completely overlap. It can be seen that when the impedance matching circuit of the feed unit 7 is adjusted, the axial ratio does not change because the impedance matching circuit of the feed unit 7 is configured.
  • Figure 18 is a current distribution diagram when the antenna is configured with a tuning device for the ground unit 8 and an impedance matching circuit for the feed unit 7, and the ground unit 8 and the feed unit 7 are arranged counterclockwise. As shown in Figure 18, when the ground When unit 8 and feed unit 7 are configured with tuning devices and impedance matching circuits respectively, the current distribution on the GPS band circuit board 2 is counterclockwise, resulting in right-handed elliptical polarization, which can achieve better performance in satellite positioning functions. positioning accuracy.
  • the central angle of the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8 relative to the center of the circuit board 2 is greater than or equal to 75° and less than 90°, and the axial ratio frequency point of the antenna is set in the GPS frequency band through a tuning device; grounding The unit 8 and the feed unit 7 are arranged along the first rotation direction to produce right-handed elliptical polarization, or the ground unit 8 and the feed unit 7 are arranged along the second rotation direction to produce left-hand elliptical polarization; the first rotation direction and the second rotation direction are To the opposite. In this embodiment, the first rotation direction is counterclockwise, and the second rotation direction is clockwise.
  • the central angle between the ground unit 8 and the feed unit 7 will be less than 90°.
  • this embodiment takes the central angle as 75° as an example.
  • the impedance matching circuit of the feed unit 7 is straight-through, the ground unit 8 is connected to the conductor 11 through the tuning device.
  • the inductance value of the tuning device changes, the frequency corresponding to the S11 and the axial ratio of the antenna can change with the inductance of the tuning device. It decreases as the value increases, so that it can be tuned by the tuning device. Whether the feed unit 7 is configured with an impedance matching circuit does not affect the axial ratio of the antenna.
  • Figure 19 shows the S11 curve when the central angle of the antenna between the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8 relative to the center of the circuit board 2 is less than 90°, the tuning device has different inductance values, and the impedance matching circuit of the feed unit 7 is straight-through.
  • Figure 19 specifically shows the antenna S11 curve when the above-mentioned central angle is 75°.
  • the curve q represents the antenna S11 when the inductance value of the tuning device is 0
  • the curve r represents the tuning device with an inductance value of Antenna S11 at 3nH
  • curve s indicates that the tuning device is the antenna S11 when the inductance value is 4.5nH. It can be seen that as the inductance value of the tuning device increases, the corresponding frequency of S11 at the resonance point of the curve gradually decreases, that is, it can Tuning is achieved through tuning devices.
  • Figure 20 shows the axis ratio of the antenna when the central angle of the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8 relative to the center of the circuit board 2 is less than 90°, the tuning device has different inductance values, and the impedance matching circuit of the feed unit 7 is straight-through.
  • Curve chart, Figure 20 specifically shows the antenna axis ratio curve when the above-mentioned central angle is 75°, as shown in Figure 20, the curve t represents the antenna axis ratio when the inductance value of the tuning device is 0, and the curve u represents the tuning device.
  • the antenna axis ratio when the inductance value is 3nH.
  • the curve v represents the antenna axis ratio when the tuning device is an inductance value of 6nH. It can be seen that as the inductance value of the tuning device increases, the axial ratio of the resonance point of the curve corresponds to the frequency gradually. Reduced, that is, tuning can be achieved through tuning devices.
  • Figure 21 is the S11 curve of the antenna when the central angle of the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8 relative to the center of the circuit board 2 is less than 90° and the impedance matching circuit is not straight-through. Specifically, Figure 21 specifically shows the above central angle. is the S11 curve of the antenna at 75°, as shown in Figure 21. Curve w is the S11 curve with only the 4.5nH tuning device configured for the ground unit 8. Curve x is the S11 curve with both the 4.5nH tuning device configured for the ground unit 8 and the feed. The S11 curve of the electrical unit 7 is configured with a 3.9nH impedance matching circuit. From the comparison of curve w and curve x, it can be seen that configuring a non-through impedance matching circuit can make the S11 of the antenna better and have lower loss.
  • Figure 22 is an axial ratio curve of the antenna when the central angle of the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8 relative to the center of the circuit board 2 is less than 90° and the impedance matching circuit is not straight-through.
  • Figure 22 specifically shows the above-mentioned center of the circle.
  • the antenna S11 curve when the angle is 75° is shown in Figure 22.
  • Curve y is the axial ratio curve of only configuring the 4.5nH tuning device for the grounding unit 8.
  • Curve z is the axial ratio curve for configuring the 4.5nH tuning device for the grounding unit 8.
  • the axial ratio curve of the 3.9nH impedance matching circuit configured in the feed unit 7 can be seen from the comparison of curve y and curve z. Curve y It completely coincides with the curve z. That is to say, whether the impedance matching circuit is configured in the feed unit 7 does not affect the antenna axis ratio, so that the antenna can achieve good elliptical polarization while having lower loss, which has great advantages in the
  • Figure 23 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna when the central angle of the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8 relative to the center of the circuit board 2 is less than 90°, and the ground unit 8 and the feed unit 7 are arranged counterclockwise. Specifically, Figure 23 It specifically shows the current distribution on the circuit board 2 when the above-mentioned central angle is 75°. As shown in Figure 23, when the grounding unit 8 and the feed unit 7 are configured with tuning devices and impedance matching circuits respectively, in the GPS frequency band The current distribution on the circuit board 2 is counterclockwise, resulting in right-handed elliptical polarization, which can achieve better positioning accuracy in the satellite positioning function.
  • the central angle of the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8 relative to the center of the circuit board 2 is greater than 90° and less than or equal to 105°, and the axial ratio frequency point of the antenna is set in the GPS frequency band through a tuning device; grounding The unit 8 and the feeding unit 7 are arranged along the second rotating direction to produce right-handed elliptical polarization, or the grounding unit 8 and the feeding unit 7 are arranged along the first rotating direction to produce left-handed elliptical polarization; the second rotating direction is the same as the first rotating direction. To the opposite. In this embodiment, the first rotation direction is counterclockwise, and the second rotation direction is clockwise.
  • the corresponding central angle between the ground unit 8 and the feed unit 7 is greater than 90°, the lowest frequency point of the axial ratio is tuned to the GPS frequency band through the tuning device, so that the ground unit 8 and the feed unit 7 are configured clockwise.
  • Right-handed elliptical polarization can be produced. This is different from the above-mentioned situation where the corresponding central angle between the ground unit 8 and the feed unit 7 is less than 90°.
  • the ground unit 8 and the feed unit 7 are arranged counterclockwise, right-handed elliptical polarization can be generated.
  • this embodiment takes the central angle of 105° as an example.
  • Figure 24 is a graph of the axial ratio of the antenna when the central angle of the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8 relative to the center of the circuit board 2 is greater than 90°, and the tuning device has different inductance values. Specifically, Figure 24 specifically shows the above The antenna axis ratio curve when the central angle is 105°. As shown in Figure 24, curve A represents the antenna axis ratio when the inductance value of the tuning device is 0, curve B represents the antenna axis ratio when the inductance value of the tuning device is 3nH, and curve C represents the antenna axis ratio when the inductance value of the tuning device is 7.6nH.
  • Figure 25 is the S11 curve of the antenna when the central angle of the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8 relative to the center of the circuit board 2 is greater than 90°, and the tuning device and the impedance matching circuit are configured. Specifically, Figure 25 specifically shows When the above-mentioned central angle is 105°, and the grounding unit 8 is configured with a 7.6nH tuning device, and the feed unit 7 is configured with a 4.5nH impedance matching circuit connected in series, the antenna S11 curve can be achieved, so that the antenna can have a better S11.
  • Figure 26 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna when the central angle of the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8 relative to the center of the circuit board 2 is greater than 90°, and the ground unit 8 and the feed unit 7 are arranged clockwise. Specifically, Figure 26 specifically shows the current distribution on the circuit board 2 when the above-mentioned central angle is 105°. As shown in Figure 26, the tuning device and the impedance matching circuit are configured in the ground unit 8 and the feed unit 7 respectively. Under the condition, the current distribution on the GPS band circuit board 2 is counterclockwise, resulting in right-handed elliptical polarization, which can achieve better positioning accuracy in the satellite positioning function.

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Abstract

The present application provides an antenna and an electronic device. The antenna comprises a conductor, a circuit board, a feed unit and a ground unit; the conductor is electrically connected to the circuit board by means of the feed unit, and the conductor is connected to the circuit board by means of the ground unit to realize grounding. The central angle of the feed unit and the ground unit relative to the center of the circuit board is 75°-105°. According to the antenna provided by embodiments of the present application, the central angle of the feed unit and the ground unit relative to the center of the circuit board is 75°-105°, such that a phase difference between two generated resonance modes may be 90°±20°, and thus an elliptical polarization condition can be generated and the antenna can have a right-hand elliptical polarization characteristic required by satellite positioning or a left-hand elliptical polarization characteristic required by satellite communication.

Description

天线及电子设备Antennas and electronic equipment
本发明要求于2022年09月15日提交中国专利局、申请号为202211124604.8、申请名称为“天线及电子设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the China Patent Office on September 15, 2022, with the application number 202211124604.8 and the application name "Antenna and Electronic Equipment", the entire content of which is incorporated into this application by reference.
技术领域Technical field
本申请涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种天线及电子设备。The present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular, to an antenna and an electronic device.
背景技术Background technique
随着移动通信技术的发展，穿戴装置可以通过互联网实现不同的功能，例如获取天气温度信息、位置信息等。这些功能大多离不开位置定位功能，现有一般通过在穿戴设备内设置GPS天线进行定位。而现有的GPS天线一般设计在穿戴设备的金属外壳上，以该金属外壳作为辐射体。但这种天线形式未能考虑卫星定位或通讯的椭圆极化特性，难以实现较佳的定位精度。With the development of mobile communication technology, wearable devices can realize different functions through the Internet, such as obtaining weather temperature information, location information, etc. Most of these functions are inseparable from the positioning function. Currently, positioning is generally performed by setting up a GPS antenna in the wearable device. The existing GPS antenna is generally designed on the metal shell of the wearable device, with the metal shell serving as the radiator. However, this antenna form fails to consider the elliptical polarization characteristics of satellite positioning or communication, making it difficult to achieve better positioning accuracy.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本申请的目的在于提供一种天线及电子设备，以解决上述现有技术中天线因设计在穿戴设备的金属外壳上，而导致卫星定位或通讯的椭圆极化特性不佳，定位精度差的问题。The purpose of this application is to provide an antenna and electronic equipment to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art that the antenna is designed on the metal shell of the wearable device, resulting in poor elliptical polarization characteristics and poor positioning accuracy for satellite positioning or communication. .
本申请的第一方面提供了一种天线，其中，包括：A first aspect of the present application provides an antenna, which includes:
导电体；electrical conductor;
电路板；circuit board;
馈电单元，所述导电体通过所述馈电单元与所述电路板电连接；A feed unit, the conductor is electrically connected to the circuit board through the feed unit;
接地单元，所述导电体通过所述接地单元连接于所述电路板实现接地；A grounding unit, the conductor is connected to the circuit board through the grounding unit to achieve grounding;
其中，所述馈电单元和所述接地单元相对于所述电路板的中心的圆心角为75°～105°。Wherein, the central angle of the feeding unit and the grounding unit relative to the center of the circuit board is 75° to 105°.
本申请实施例提供的天线，通过使馈电单元和接地单元相对于电路板的中心的圆心角为75°～105°，可以使产生的两种谐振模式的相位差在90°±20°，从而可以产生椭圆极化条件，能够使天线具有卫星定位所需的右旋椭圆极化特性或卫星通讯所需的左旋椭圆极化特性。The antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application can make the phase difference of the two resonant modes generated to be 90°±20° by making the central angle of the feed unit and the ground unit relative to the center of the circuit board 75° to 105°. This can produce elliptical polarization conditions, enabling the antenna to have right-handed elliptical polarization characteristics required for satellite positioning or left-handed elliptical polarization characteristics required for satellite communications.
在一种可能的设计中，所述电路板通过多个金属连接件与所述导电体连接，相邻两个所述金属连接件中的一个为所述馈电单元，另一个为所述接地单元。In a possible design, the circuit board is connected to the conductor through a plurality of metal connectors, one of the two adjacent metal connectors is the feed unit, and the other is the grounding unit. unit.
其中，该多个金属连接件中存在相邻两个金属连接件能够满足上述75°～105°的圆心角，从而可以使其中的一个金属连接件作为馈电单元，另一个金属连接件作为接地结构，该金属连接件既可以用于导电体和电路板的连接固定，又可以作为馈电单元或接地单元，实现馈电功能或接地功能，使该天线在实现椭圆极化的同时，又能具有较简单的结构，实现天线的小型化、薄型化，便于在电子设备中布置。Among the plurality of metal connectors, there are two adjacent metal connectors that can meet the above-mentioned central angle of 75° to 105°, so that one of the metal connectors can be used as the feed unit and the other metal connector can be used as the grounding unit. structure, the metal connector can be used to connect and fix the conductor and the circuit board, and can also be used as a feed unit or a ground unit to realize the feed function or the ground function, so that the antenna can achieve elliptical polarization while also being able to It has a relatively simple structure, realizes miniaturization and thinning of the antenna, and facilitates placement in electronic equipment.
在一种可能的设计中，所述金属连接件为螺钉或弹片。采用螺钉或弹片既可以实现电路板和导电体的可靠连接，又便于构造成馈电单元或接地单元。In a possible design, the metal connecting member is a screw or a spring piece. The use of screws or spring clips can not only achieve reliable connection between the circuit board and the conductor, but also facilitate the construction of a feed unit or a grounding unit.
在一种可能的设计中，所述导电体上在所述馈电单元和所述接地单元的一侧形成有第一电流路径，在所述馈电单元和所述接地单元的另一侧形成有第二电流路径，所述第一电流路径长于所述第二电流路径；在设定的频段内，所述天线在所述第一电流路径所在的一侧激励出第一谐振，在所述第二电流路径所在的一侧激励出第二谐振，所述第一谐振与所述第二谐振对应的电流方向相互正交，使所述天线构成椭圆极化天线。In a possible design, a first current path is formed on one side of the feed unit and the ground unit on the conductor, and a first current path is formed on the other side of the feed unit and the ground unit. There is a second current path, and the first current path is longer than the second current path; within the set frequency band, the antenna excites the first resonance on the side where the first current path is located, and the first resonance is generated on the side where the first current path is located. The side where the second current path is located excites a second resonance, and the current directions corresponding to the first resonance and the second resonance are orthogonal to each other, so that the antenna forms an elliptically polarized antenna.
在一种可能的设计中，所述设定的频段为1500MHz～2200MHz。在该频段内，两种模式的相位差在90°±20°之间，即两种模式电流正交且相位差为90°±20°，可以产生椭圆极化条件。In a possible design, the set frequency band is 1500MHz~2200MHz. In this frequency band, the phase difference between the two modes is between 90°±20°, that is, the currents of the two modes are orthogonal and the phase difference is 90°±20°, which can produce elliptical polarization conditions.
在一种可能的设计中，所述馈电单元和所述接地单元相对于所述电路板的中心的圆心角为90°。从而可以使两种谐振模式相位差约为90°，当接地单元和馈电单元逆时针配置时可以产生右旋极化，当接地单元和馈电单元顺时针配置时可以产生左旋极化，使天线满足卫星定位的要求。In one possible design, a central angle between the feed unit and the ground unit relative to the center of the circuit board is 90°. As a result, the phase difference between the two resonant modes can be about 90°. When the ground unit and the feed unit are configured counterclockwise, right-hand polarization can be generated. When the ground unit and the feed unit are configured clockwise, left-hand polarization can be generated, so that The antenna meets the requirements of satellite positioning.
在一种可能的设计中，所述接地单元通过调谐器件连接于所述导电体。从而可以使天线的轴比能够通过调谐器件进行调谐。 In a possible design, the ground unit is connected to the conductor through a tuning device. This allows the axial ratio of the antenna to be tuned by the tuning device.
在一种可能的设计中，所述馈电单元和所述接地单元相对于所述电路板的中心的圆心角大于等于75°且小于90°，所述天线的轴比频率点通过所述调谐器件设置于GPS频段；所述接地单元与所述馈电单元沿第一旋向配置以产生右手椭圆极化，或者所述接地单元与所述馈电单元沿第二旋向配置以产生左手椭圆极化；所述第一旋向与所述第二旋向相反。In a possible design, the central angle of the feeding unit and the grounding unit relative to the center of the circuit board is greater than or equal to 75° and less than 90°, and the axial ratio frequency point of the antenna is passed through the tuning The device is arranged in the GPS frequency band; the ground unit and the feed unit are arranged along a first rotational direction to produce a right-handed elliptical polarization, or the grounding unit and the feeding unit are arranged along a second rotational direction to produce a left-hand elliptical polarization. Polarization; the first handedness is opposite to the second handedness.
在一种可能的设计中，所述馈电单元和所述接地单元相对于所述电路板的中心的圆心角大于90°且小于等于105°，所述天线的轴比频率点通过所述调谐器件设置于GPS频段；所述接地单元与所述馈电单元沿第二旋向配置以产生右手椭圆极化，或者所述接地单元与所述馈电单元沿第一旋向配置以产生左手椭圆极化；所述第二旋向与所述第一旋向相反。In a possible design, the central angle of the feeding unit and the grounding unit relative to the center of the circuit board is greater than 90° and less than or equal to 105°, and the axial ratio frequency point of the antenna is passed through the tuning The device is set in the GPS frequency band; the ground unit and the feed unit are arranged along the second rotation direction to produce a right-handed elliptical polarization, or the ground unit and the feed unit are arranged along the first rotation direction to produce a left-hand elliptical polarization. Polarization; the second handedness is opposite to the first handedness.
在一种可能的设计中，所述调谐器件为电感。从而可以便于对接地单元配置具有相应电感值的电感。In a possible design, the tuning device is an inductor. This makes it easy to configure an inductor with a corresponding inductance value for the grounding unit.
在一种可能的设计中，所述馈电单元连接有阻抗匹配电路。从而可以便于对馈电单元配置相应的阻抗。In a possible design, the feed unit is connected to an impedance matching circuit. This makes it easy to configure the corresponding impedance for the feed unit.
在一种可能的设计中，所述导电体和/或所述电路板的形状为圆形或多边形。In a possible design, the shape of the conductor and/or the circuit board is circular or polygonal.
在一种可能的设计中，所述导电体和/或所述电路板的直径大于40mm。In a possible design, the diameter of the conductor and/or the circuit board is greater than 40 mm.
本申请的第二方面还提供了一种电子设备，其中，包括本申请第一方面提供的天线。A second aspect of this application also provides an electronic device, which includes the antenna provided in the first aspect of this application.
在一种可能的设计中，所述电子设备包括金属边框，所述金属边框至少部分为所述导电体。从而无需单独设置导电体，从而可以减薄天线结构，进而减薄电子设备的厚度。In a possible design, the electronic device includes a metal frame, and the metal frame is at least partially the conductor. This eliminates the need to provide a separate conductor, allowing the antenna structure to be thinned, thereby reducing the thickness of the electronic device.
应当理解的是，以上的一般描述和后文的细节描述仅是示例性的，并不能限制本申请。It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are only exemplary and do not limit the present application.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本申请实施例提供的天线的一种结构示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图2为本申请实施例提供的天线的另一种结构示意图；Figure 2 is another structural schematic diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图3为本申请实施例提供的天线的两种谐振模式的曲线图；Figure 3 is a graph of two resonance modes of the antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application;
图4为在一种天线结构中的第一谐振模式的电流分布图；Figure 4 is a current distribution diagram of the first resonance mode in an antenna structure;
图5为在一种天线结构中的第二谐振模式的电流分布图；Figure 5 is a current distribution diagram of the second resonance mode in an antenna structure;
图6为在另一种天线结构中的第一谐振模式的电流分布图；Figure 6 is a current distribution diagram of the first resonance mode in another antenna structure;
图7为在另一种天线结构中的第二谐振模式的电流分布图；Figure 7 is a current distribution diagram of the second resonance mode in another antenna structure;
图8为第二谐振模式和第一谐振模式的相位差的曲线图；Figure 8 is a graph of the phase difference between the second resonance mode and the first resonance mode;
图9为接地单元与馈电单元逆时针配置时的电流分布图(一)；Figure 9 is the current distribution diagram (1) when the grounding unit and the feed unit are arranged counterclockwise;
图10为接地单元与馈电单元顺时针配置时的电流分布图；Figure 10 is the current distribution diagram when the grounding unit and the feed unit are arranged clockwise;
图11为本申请实施例提供的天线的S11曲线图；Figure 11 is the S11 curve of the antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application;
图12为天线在调谐器件具有不同电感值时的S11曲线图；Figure 12 shows the S11 curve of the antenna when the tuning device has different inductance values;
图13为天线在调谐器件具有不同电感值时的轴比曲线图；Figure 13 is a graph of the axial ratio of the antenna when the tuning device has different inductance values;
图14为接地单元与馈电单元逆时针配置时的电流分布图(二)；Figure 14 is the current distribution diagram (2) when the grounding unit and the feed unit are configured counterclockwise;
图15为天线的一种轴比曲线图；Figure 15 is an axial ratio curve diagram of the antenna;
图16为天线在对接地单元配置调谐器件以及在对馈电单元配置阻抗匹配电路时的S11曲线图；Figure 16 is the S11 curve when the antenna is configured with a tuning device for the ground unit and an impedance matching circuit for the feed unit;
图17为天线在对接地单元配置调谐器件以及在对馈电单元配置阻抗匹配电路时的轴比曲线图；Figure 17 is a graph of the axial ratio of the antenna when it is configured with a tuning device for the ground unit and an impedance matching circuit for the feed unit;
图18为天线在对接地单元配置调谐器件以及在对馈电单元配置阻抗匹配电路，且接地单元与馈电单元逆时针配置时的电流分布图；Figure 18 is a current distribution diagram when the antenna is configured with a tuning device for the ground unit and an impedance matching circuit for the feed unit, and the ground unit and feed unit are arranged counterclockwise;
图19为天线在馈电单元和接地单元相对于电路板的中心的圆心角小于90°，在调谐器件具有不同电感值时的S11曲线图；Figure 19 is the S11 curve of the antenna when the central angle of the feed unit and the ground unit relative to the center of the circuit board is less than 90°, and the tuning device has different inductance values;
图20为天线在馈电单元和接地单元相对于电路板的中心的圆心角小于90°，在调谐器件具有不同电感值时的轴比曲线图；Figure 20 is a graph of the axial ratio of the antenna when the central angle of the feed unit and the ground unit relative to the center of the circuit board is less than 90° and the tuning device has different inductance values;
图21为天线在馈电单元和接地单元相对于电路板的中心的圆心角小于90°，在阻抗匹配电路非直通时的S11曲线图；Figure 21 is the S11 curve when the central angle of the antenna between the feed unit and the ground unit relative to the center of the circuit board is less than 90° and the impedance matching circuit is not straight-through;
图22为天线在馈电单元和接地单元相对于电路板的中心的圆心角小于90°，在阻抗匹配电路非直通时的轴比曲线图；Figure 22 is a graph of the axial ratio of the antenna when the central angle of the feed unit and the ground unit relative to the center of the circuit board is less than 90° and the impedance matching circuit is not straight-through;
图23为天线在馈电单元和接地单元相对于电路板的中心的圆心角小于90°，且接地单元与馈电单元 逆时针配置时的电流分布图；Figure 23 shows that the central angle of the antenna between the feed unit and the ground unit relative to the center of the circuit board is less than 90°, and the ground unit and the feed unit are Current distribution diagram in counterclockwise configuration;
图24为天线在馈电单元和接地单元相对于电路板的中心的圆心角大于90°，在调谐器件具有不同电感值时的轴比曲线图；Figure 24 is a graph of the axial ratio of the antenna when the central angle of the feed unit and the ground unit relative to the center of the circuit board is greater than 90° and the tuning device has different inductance values;
图25为天线在馈电单元和接地单元相对于电路板的中心的圆心角大于90°，且在配置调谐器件和阻抗匹配电路时的S11曲线图；Figure 25 is the S11 curve of the antenna when the central angle of the feed unit and the ground unit relative to the center of the circuit board is greater than 90°, and the tuning device and impedance matching circuit are configured;
图26为天线在馈电单元和接地单元相对于电路板的中心的圆心角大于90°，且接地单元与馈电单元顺时针配置时的电流分布图。Figure 26 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna when the central angle of the feed unit and the ground unit relative to the center of the circuit board is greater than 90°, and the ground unit and the feed unit are arranged clockwise.
附图标记：Reference signs:
1-导电体；1-Electrical conductor;
2-电路板；2-circuit board;
3-第一金属连接件；3-The first metal connector;
4-第二金属连接件；4-Second metal connector;
5-第三金属连接件；5-Third metal connector;
6-第四金属连接件；6-The fourth metal connector;
7-馈电单元；7-Feeding unit;
8-接地单元。8-Ground unit.
此处的附图被并入说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分，示出了符合本申请的实施例，并与说明书一起用于解释本申请的原理。The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the application and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the application.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clear, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.
在本申请的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述的目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性；除非另有规定或说明，术语“多个”是指两个或两个以上；术语“连接”、“固定”等均应做广义理解，例如，“连接”可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接，或电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。In the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly stipulated and limited, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance; unless otherwise specified or stated , the term "multiple" refers to two or more; the terms "connection", "fixed", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. Connection, or electrical connection; may be direct or indirect through an intermediary. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.
本说明书的描述中，需要理解的是，本申请实施例所描述的“上”、“下”等方位词是以附图所示的角度来进行描述的，不应理解为对本申请实施例的限定。此外，在上下文中，还需要理解的是，当提到一个元件连接在另一个元件“上”或者“下”时，其不仅能够直接连接在另一个元件“上”或者“下”，也可以通过中间元件间接连接在另一个元件“上”或者“下”。In the description of this specification, it should be understood that the directional words such as "upper" and "lower" described in the embodiments of the present application are described from the perspective shown in the drawings and should not be understood as a reference to the embodiments of the present application. limited. Additionally, it should be understood in this context that when an element is referred to as being connected "on" or "under" another element, it can not only be directly connected "on" or "under" the other element, but also can be directly connected "on" or "under" the other element. Indirectly connected "on" or "below" another element through an intermediate element.
随着移动通信技术的发展，穿戴装置可以通过互联网实现不同的功能，例如实时监控人体心跳、睡眠状态、获取天气温度信息、位置信息等，这些功能大多离不开位置定位功能。现有一般通过在穿戴设备内设置GPS天线进行定位。而现有的GPS天线一般设计在穿戴设备的金属外壳上，以该金属外壳作为辐射体。但这种天线形式未能考虑卫星定位或通讯的椭圆极化特性，难以实现较佳的定位精度。With the development of mobile communication technology, wearable devices can realize different functions through the Internet, such as real-time monitoring of human heartbeat, sleep status, obtaining weather temperature information, location information, etc. Most of these functions are inseparable from location positioning functions. At present, positioning is usually performed by setting up a GPS antenna in a wearable device. The existing GPS antenna is generally designed on the metal shell of the wearable device, with the metal shell serving as the radiator. However, this antenna form fails to consider the elliptical polarization characteristics of satellite positioning or communication, making it difficult to achieve better positioning accuracy.
本申请实施例提供了一种电子设备及天线，该天线可以应用于该电子设备，实现无线信号的发射或接收。该电子设备可以为手机、平板电脑、桌面型计算机、膝上型计算机、手持计算机、笔记本电脑、超级移动个人计算机(ultra-mobile personal computer，UMPC)、上网本，以及蜂窝电话、个人数字助理(personal digital assistant，PDA)、增强现实(augmented reality，AR)设备、虚拟现实(virtual reality，VR)设备、人工智能(artificial intelligence,AI)设备、可穿戴式设备采用的卫星定位或通讯***，例如：GPS、GNSS、天通一号卫星通讯，车载设备、智能家居设备和/或智慧城市设备，本申请实施例对该电子设备的具体类型不作特殊限制。为了便于说明，本申请实施例以电子设备为可穿戴式设备为例进行说明。The embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device and an antenna. The antenna can be applied to the electronic device to realize the transmission or reception of wireless signals. The electronic device can be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a handheld computer, a notebook computer, an ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), a netbook, a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (personal digital assistant) digital assistant (PDA), augmented reality (AR) equipment, virtual reality (VR) equipment, artificial intelligence (artificial intelligence, AI) equipment, and satellite positioning or communication systems used by wearable devices, such as: GPS, GNSS, Tiantong-1 satellite communication, vehicle-mounted equipment, smart home equipment and/or smart city equipment. The embodiments of this application do not place special restrictions on the specific types of electronic equipment. For ease of explanation, the embodiment of the present application takes the electronic device as a wearable device as an example for description.
如图1和图2所示，具体地，该天线包括导电体11、电路板2、馈电单元7和接地单元8，该导电体11通过馈电单元7与电路板2电连接，导电体11通过接地单元8连接于电路板2实现接地，馈电单元7和接地单元8相对于电路板2的中心的圆心角为75°～105°。As shown in Figures 1 and 2, specifically, the antenna includes a conductor 11, a circuit board 2, a feed unit 7 and a grounding unit 8. The conductor 11 is electrically connected to the circuit board 2 through the feed unit 7. The conductor 11 is connected to the circuit board 2 through the ground unit 8 to achieve grounding. The central angle of the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8 relative to the center of the circuit board 2 is 75° to 105°.
其中，馈电单元7和接地单元8均可以位于电路板2的靠近边缘位置处，从而可以保证电路板2具 有较大的用于布置各种电子元件的位置，该电路板2可以为印刷电路板2(Printed Circuit Board，PCB)。馈电单元7可以为天线馈电，以使导电体11可以对外辐射能量。接地单元8可以实现天线接地。Among them, both the feeding unit 7 and the grounding unit 8 can be located near the edge of the circuit board 2, thereby ensuring that the circuit board 2 has There is a large space for arranging various electronic components, and the circuit board 2 can be a printed circuit board 2 (Printed Circuit Board, PCB). The feeding unit 7 can feed the antenna, so that the conductor 11 can radiate energy to the outside. The ground unit 8 can realize the grounding of the antenna.
在该天线应用于电子设备中时，电子设备可以包括金属边框，该金属边框至少部分可以作为天线的导电体11，无需单独设置导电体11，从而可以减薄天线结构，进而减薄电子设备的厚度。When the antenna is used in an electronic device, the electronic device may include a metal frame, which may at least partially serve as the conductor 11 of the antenna. There is no need to separately provide the conductor 11, thereby thinning the antenna structure and thus the thickness of the electronic device. thickness.
电路板2具有一几何中心，馈电单元7和接地单元8可以设置于以该几何中心为圆心的圆周上，馈电单元7和该圆心的连线与馈电单元7和该圆心的连线之间的夹角即为馈电单元7和接地单元8相对于电路板2的中心的圆心角，该圆心角的范围可以为75°～105°，在该角度范围内，在馈电单元7和接地单元8的两侧可以分别产生两种谐振模式。具体地，在馈电单元7和接地单元8的一侧，馈电单元7和接地单元8之间的电流相位相反，呈现差模，而在馈电单元7和接地单元8的另一侧，馈电单元7和接地单元8间的电流相位相同，呈现共模。由此，两种谐振模式的电流相互正交后接近正交，相位差在90°±20°之间，即两正交模式可以产生椭圆极化条件。The circuit board 2 has a geometric center, and the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8 can be arranged on a circle with the geometric center as the center. The connection between the feed unit 7 and the center of the circle is the same as the connection between the feed unit 7 and the center of the circle. The angle between them is the central angle between the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8 relative to the center of the circuit board 2. The central angle can range from 75° to 105°. Within this angle range, the power supply unit 7 Two resonance modes can be generated respectively on both sides of the grounding unit 8 and the grounding unit 8 . Specifically, on one side of the feeding unit 7 and the grounding unit 8, the current phase between the feeding unit 7 and the grounding unit 8 is opposite, showing a differential mode, while on the other side of the feeding unit 7 and the grounding unit 8, The current phases between the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8 are the same and exhibit a common mode. Therefore, the currents of the two resonant modes are orthogonal to each other and then close to orthogonality, and the phase difference is between 90°±20°, that is, the two orthogonal modes can produce elliptical polarization conditions.
由此，本申请实施例提供的天线，通过使馈电单元7和接地单元8相对于电路板2的中心的圆心角为75°～105°，可以使产生的两种谐振模式的相位差在90°±20°，从而可以产生椭圆极化条件，能够使天线具有卫星定位所需的右旋椭圆极化特性或卫星通讯所需的左旋椭圆极化特性。Therefore, in the antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application, by setting the central angle of the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8 relative to the center of the circuit board 2 to 75° to 105°, the phase difference between the two generated resonant modes can be within 90°±20°, which can produce elliptical polarization conditions and enable the antenna to have right-handed elliptical polarization characteristics required for satellite positioning or left-handed elliptical polarization characteristics required for satellite communications.
具体地，电路板2通过多个金属连接件与导电体11连接相邻两个金属连接件中的一个为馈电单元7，另一个为接地单元8。其中，电路板2与导电体11之间保持有间隙，以避免短路。Specifically, the circuit board 2 is connected to the conductor 11 through a plurality of metal connectors. One of the two adjacent metal connectors is the feed unit 7 and the other is the ground unit 8 . There is a gap between the circuit board 2 and the conductor 11 to avoid short circuit.
该多个金属连接件中存在相邻两个金属连接件能够满足上述75°～105°的圆心角，从而可以使其中的一个金属连接件作为馈电单元7，另一个金属连接件作为接地结构，该金属连接件既可以用于导电体11和电路板2的连接固定，又可以作为馈电单元7或接地单元8，实现馈电功能或接地功能，使该天线在实现椭圆极化的同时，又能具有较简单的结构，实现天线的小型化、薄型化，便于在电子设备中布置。There are two adjacent metal connectors among the plurality of metal connectors that can meet the above-mentioned central angle of 75° to 105°, so that one of the metal connectors can be used as the feed unit 7 and the other metal connector can be used as the grounding structure. , this metal connector can be used to connect and fix the conductor 11 and the circuit board 2, and can also be used as the feed unit 7 or the ground unit 8 to realize the feed function or the ground function, so that the antenna can achieve elliptical polarization at the same time , and can have a relatively simple structure, realize miniaturization and thinning of the antenna, and facilitate placement in electronic equipment.
该多个金属连接件可以在任意相邻两个金属连接件满足上述75°～105°的圆心角的情况下，在以电路板2的中心为圆心的圆周上均匀分布，从而可以根据实际布局情况选择任意两个相邻的金属连接件分别作为馈电单元7和接地单元8，便于灵活地在电子设备中布置天线。The plurality of metal connectors can be evenly distributed on the circumference with the center of the circuit board 2 as the center when any two adjacent metal connectors meet the above-mentioned central angle of 75° to 105°, so that the actual layout can be achieved In this case, any two adjacent metal connectors are selected as the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8 respectively, which facilitates the flexible arrangement of antennas in electronic equipment.
本实施例中，该金属连接件可以设置有四个，如图1和图2所示，四个金属连接件在同一圆周上均匀分别，使相邻两个金属连接件之间的上述圆心角为90°。具体地，如图1和图2所示，各个金属连接件可以分别为第一金属连接件3、第二金属连接件4、第三金属连接件5和第四金属连接件6，第一金属连接件3、第二金属连接件4、第三金属连接件5和第四金属连接件6可以沿逆时针或顺时针排列，本实施例中，为了便于说明，以图1和图2中的逆时针排列为例进行说明。In this embodiment, four metal connectors can be provided. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the four metal connectors are evenly spaced on the same circumference, so that the above-mentioned central angle between two adjacent metal connectors is is 90°. Specifically, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, each metal connector can be a first metal connector 3, a second metal connector 4, a third metal connector 5 and a fourth metal connector 6 respectively. The first metal connector The connecting piece 3, the second metal connecting piece 4, the third metal connecting piece 5 and the fourth metal connecting piece 6 can be arranged counterclockwise or clockwise. In this embodiment, for convenience of explanation, the figures in Figures 1 and 2 are used The counterclockwise arrangement is used as an example for illustration.
其中，第一金属连接件3和第二金属连接件4为相邻的两个金属连接件，可以使第一金属连接件3作为馈电单元7，第二金属连接件4作为接地单元8，当然，也可以使第一金属连接件3作为接地单元8，而第二金属连接件4作为馈电单元7。同样地，第二金属连接件4和第三金属连接件5、第三金属连接件5和第四金属连接件6、第四金属连接件6和第一金属连接件3也分别为相邻的两个金属连接件，均可以分别构成馈电单元7或接地单元8。Among them, the first metal connector 3 and the second metal connector 4 are two adjacent metal connectors. The first metal connector 3 can be used as the feed unit 7 and the second metal connector 4 can be used as the grounding unit 8. Of course, the first metal connector 3 can also be used as the grounding unit 8 and the second metal connector 4 can be used as the power feeding unit 7 . Similarly, the second metal connector 4 and the third metal connector 5, the third metal connector 5 and the fourth metal connector 6, the fourth metal connector 6 and the first metal connector 3 are also adjacent respectively. The two metal connectors can each constitute the feeding unit 7 or the grounding unit 8 respectively.
当选择其中任意两个相邻的金属连接件作为馈电单元7和接地单元8时，在该相邻两个金属连接件的一侧产生第一谐振模式，在另一侧产生第二谐振模式，两种谐振模式对应的电流流向正交或接近正交，如图4和图5所示以及图6和图7所示，从而可以产生椭圆极化条件，使该天线能够具有卫星定位所需的右旋极化特性或卫星通讯所需的左旋极化特性。When any two adjacent metal connectors are selected as the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8, the first resonance mode is generated on one side of the two adjacent metal connectors and the second resonance mode is generated on the other side. , the current flows corresponding to the two resonant modes are orthogonal or close to orthogonal, as shown in Figures 4 and 5 and Figures 6 and 7, which can produce elliptical polarization conditions, allowing the antenna to have the capabilities required for satellite positioning Right-hand polarization characteristics or left-hand polarization characteristics required for satellite communications.
其中，该金属连接件可以为螺钉或弹片，或者也可以为螺钉与弹片的组合。采用螺钉或弹片既可以实现电路板2和导电体11的可靠连接，又便于构造成馈电单元7或接地单元8。The metal connecting piece may be a screw or a spring piece, or a combination of a screw and a spring piece. The use of screws or elastic pieces can not only achieve reliable connection between the circuit board 2 and the conductor 11, but also facilitate the construction of the feed unit 7 or the ground unit 8.
具体地，如图4至图7所示，导电体11上在馈电单元7和接地单元8的一侧形成有第一电流路径，在馈电单元7和接地单元8的另一侧形成有第二电流路径，第一电流路径长于第二电流路径。在设定的频段内，天线在第一电流路径所在的一侧激励出第一谐振，在第二电流路径所在的一侧激励出第二谐振，第一谐振与第二谐振对应的电流方向相互正交，使天线构成椭圆极化天线。Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 4 to 7 , a first current path is formed on one side of the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8 on the conductor 11 , and a first current path is formed on the other side of the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8 . The second current path, the first current path is longer than the second current path. Within the set frequency band, the antenna excites the first resonance on the side where the first current path is located, and the second resonance on the side where the second current path is located. The current directions corresponding to the first resonance and the second resonance are mutually exclusive. Orthogonally, the antenna forms an elliptically polarized antenna.
其中，在一种天线结构中，图4所示为第一谐振模式的电流分布，图5所示为第二谐振模式的电流分布，图4所示的电路板2上的电流方向主要向下，图5所示的电路板2上的电流方向主要向右，由此向下和向右的电流方向接近正交，产生圆极化条件。同样地，在另一种天线结构中，图6所示为第一谐振模式的电流分布，图7所示为第二谐振模式的电流分布，图6所示的电路板2上的电流方向主要向上， 图7所示的电路板2上的电流方向主要向左，由此向上和向左的电流方向接近正交，产生圆极化条件。Among them, in an antenna structure, Figure 4 shows the current distribution in the first resonance mode, Figure 5 shows the current distribution in the second resonance mode, and the current direction on the circuit board 2 shown in Figure 4 is mainly downward. , the current direction on the circuit board 2 shown in Figure 5 is mainly to the right, so the downward and right current directions are close to orthogonal, resulting in a circular polarization condition. Similarly, in another antenna structure, Figure 6 shows the current distribution in the first resonance mode, Figure 7 shows the current distribution in the second resonance mode, and the current direction on the circuit board 2 shown in Figure 6 is mainly up, The current direction on the circuit board 2 shown in Figure 7 is mainly to the left, so the upward and left current directions are nearly orthogonal, resulting in a circular polarization condition.
本实施例中，天线在第一电流路径的一侧激励出第一谐振模式(1λ模式)，第一谐振对应的电流在馈电单元7和接地单元8之间电流相位相反，呈现差模，天线在第二电流路径的一侧激励出第二谐振模式(0.5λ模式)，第二谐振对应的电流在馈电单元7和接地单元8之间电流相位相同，呈现共模。由此，两种谐振模式彼此电流正交或接近正交。由图3中的第二谐振曲线和第一谐振曲线的特征角做差值计算得到图8所示的第二谐振模式和第一谐振模式的相位差的曲线图，如图8所示，两种模式的相位差在90°±20°之间，即两种模式电流正交且相位差为90°±20°，可以产生椭圆极化条件。In this embodiment, the antenna excites the first resonance mode (1λ mode) on one side of the first current path. The current corresponding to the first resonance has an opposite phase between the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8, showing a differential mode. The antenna excites a second resonance mode (0.5λ mode) on one side of the second current path. The current corresponding to the second resonance has the same current phase between the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8 and presents a common mode. Thus, the two resonant modes are electrically orthogonal or nearly orthogonal to each other. The phase difference curve of the second resonant mode and the first resonant mode shown in Figure 8 is obtained by calculating the difference between the characteristic angles of the second resonant curve and the first resonant curve in Figure 3. As shown in Figure 8, the two The phase difference between the two modes is between 90°±20°, that is, the currents in the two modes are orthogonal and the phase difference is 90°±20°, which can produce elliptical polarization conditions.
其中，上述设定的频段为1500MHz～2200MHz，如图3和图8所示，在该频段内，两种模式的相位差在90°±20°之间，即两种模式电流正交且相位差为90°±20°，可以产生椭圆极化条件。如图3所示，特征角为180°的第一谐振频率为1654MHz，第二谐振频率为2015MHz，可以在构成椭圆极化后满足卫星定位的要求。Among them, the frequency band set above is 1500MHz ~ 2200MHz, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 8. In this frequency band, the phase difference between the two modes is between 90°±20°, that is, the currents in the two modes are orthogonal and phase-free. The difference is 90°±20°, which can produce elliptical polarization conditions. As shown in Figure 3, the first resonant frequency with a characteristic angle of 180° is 1654MHz, and the second resonant frequency is 2015MHz, which can meet the requirements of satellite positioning after forming elliptical polarization.
在一种具体的实施例中，馈电单元7和接地单元8相对于电路板2的中心的圆心角为90°。如图9所示，当接地单元8与馈电单元7逆时针配置时，即第一金属连接件3为接地单元8，第二金属连接件4为馈电单元7，在谐振点的电路板2上的电流逆时针旋转，为右旋极化。如图10所示，当接地单元8与馈电单元7顺时针配置时，即第一金属连接件3为馈电单元7，第二金属连接件4为接地单元8，在谐振点的电路板2上的电流顺时针旋转，为左旋极化。In a specific embodiment, the central angle of the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8 relative to the center of the circuit board 2 is 90°. As shown in Figure 9, when the ground unit 8 and the feed unit 7 are arranged counterclockwise, that is, the first metal connector 3 is the ground unit 8 and the second metal connector 4 is the feed unit 7. The circuit board at the resonance point The current on 2 rotates counterclockwise and is right-hand polarized. As shown in Figure 10, when the ground unit 8 and the feed unit 7 are arranged clockwise, that is, the first metal connector 3 is the feed unit 7 and the second metal connector 4 is the ground unit 8. The circuit board at the resonance point The current on 2 rotates clockwise and is left-handed polarization.
图11为本申请实施例提供的天线的S11曲线图，如图11所示，该S11图为接地单元8与馈电单元7之间相对于电路板2的中心的圆心角为90°的S11图，其中，电路板2结构对称，各个金属连接件分布对称，在各个金属连接件中的任意两个金属连接件作为馈电单元7和接地单元8时，其对应的S11图均为图11所示。结合图3的天线的两种谐振模式的曲线图所示，图11所示的S11图包含两彼此正交的特征模式，且相位差约为90°，具体当接地单元8和馈电单元7逆时针配置时可以产生右旋极化，当接地单元8和馈电单元7顺时针配置时可以产生左旋极化，使天线满足卫星定位的要求。Figure 11 is an S11 graph of the antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 11, the S11 graph shows the S11 when the central angle between the ground unit 8 and the feed unit 7 relative to the center of the circuit board 2 is 90°. In the figure, the structure of the circuit board 2 is symmetrical, and each metal connector is symmetrically distributed. When any two metal connectors among the metal connectors are used as the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8, the corresponding S11 diagram is Figure 11 shown. Combined with the graph of the two resonant modes of the antenna in Figure 3, the S11 diagram shown in Figure 11 contains two mutually orthogonal characteristic modes, and the phase difference is about 90°. Specifically, when the grounding unit 8 and the feeding unit 7 When configured counterclockwise, right-hand polarization can be generated, and when the ground unit 8 and feed unit 7 are configured clockwise, left-hand polarization can be generated, so that the antenna meets the requirements of satellite positioning.
具体地，接地单元8通过调谐器件连接于导电体11。当馈电单元7匹配电路为直通时，接地单元8通过调谐器件连接于导电体11，当调谐器件的电感值发生变化时，天线的S11和轴比随电感值的增大而发生频率降低，也就是说，天线的轴比可以通过调谐器件进行调谐。Specifically, the ground unit 8 is connected to the conductor 11 through a tuning device. When the matching circuit of the feeding unit 7 is straight-through, the grounding unit 8 is connected to the conductor 11 through the tuning device. When the inductance value of the tuning device changes, the S11 and axial ratio of the antenna decrease in frequency as the inductance value increases. That is, the axial ratio of the antenna can be tuned by a tuning device.
图12为天线在调谐器件具有不同电感值时的S11曲线图，如图12所示，曲线a表示调谐器件的电感值为0时的天线S11，曲线b表示调谐器件为电感值为3nH时的天线S11，曲线c表示调谐器件为电感值为6nH时的天线S11，由此可知，随着调谐器件电感值的增大，曲线的谐振点的S11对应频率逐渐减小，即可以通过调谐器件实现调谐。Figure 12 is the S11 curve of the antenna when the tuning device has different inductance values. As shown in Figure 12, curve a represents the antenna S11 when the inductance value of the tuning device is 0, and curve b represents the S11 of the antenna when the inductance value of the tuning device is 3nH. Antenna S11, curve c indicates that the tuning device is the antenna S11 when the inductance value is 6nH. It can be seen that as the inductance value of the tuning device increases, the frequency corresponding to S11 of the resonance point of the curve gradually decreases, that is, it can be achieved by tuning the device. Tune.
图13为天线在调谐器件具有不同电感值时的轴比曲线图，曲线f表示调谐器件的电感值为0时的天线轴比，曲线g表示调谐器件为电感值为3nH时的天线轴比，曲线h表示调谐器件为电感值为6nH时的天线轴比，由此可知，随着调谐器件电感值的增大，曲线的谐振点的轴比对应频率逐渐减小，即可以通过调谐器件实现调谐。Figure 13 is a graph of the axial ratio of the antenna when the tuning device has different inductance values. Curve f represents the antenna axial ratio when the inductance value of the tuning device is 0. Curve g represents the antenna axial ratio when the inductance value of the tuning device is 3nH. Curve h represents the axial ratio of the antenna when the inductance value of the tuning device is 6nH. It can be seen that as the inductance value of the tuning device increases, the axial ratio of the resonance point of the curve corresponding to the frequency gradually decreases, that is, tuning can be achieved through the tuning device. .
具体地，调谐器件可以为电感，当然也可以为其它具有不同电感值的器件。Specifically, the tuning device can be an inductor, and of course it can also be other devices with different inductance values.
其中，导电体11和/或电路板2的形状可以为圆形或多边形，该多边形可以为正方形、长方形、五边形、六边形等。如图1所示，该电路板2和导电体11均为圆形；如图2所示，导电体11和电路板2均为正方形。无论导电体11和电路板2为圆形还是为多边形，天线均具有相同的电流分布，即，接地单元8与馈电单元7逆时针配置时，在谐振点的电路板2上的电流逆时针旋转，为右旋极化。接地单元8与馈电单元7顺时针配置时，在谐振点的电路板2上的电流顺时针旋转，为左旋极化。The shape of the conductor 11 and/or the circuit board 2 may be circular or polygonal, and the polygonal shape may be a square, a rectangle, a pentagon, a hexagon, etc. As shown in Figure 1, the circuit board 2 and the conductor 11 are both circular; as shown in Figure 2, the conductor 11 and the circuit board 2 are both square. Regardless of whether the conductor 11 and the circuit board 2 are circular or polygonal, the antenna has the same current distribution, that is, when the ground unit 8 and the feed unit 7 are arranged counterclockwise, the current on the circuit board 2 at the resonance point is counterclockwise. Rotation, right-handed polarization. When the grounding unit 8 and the feeding unit 7 are arranged clockwise, the current on the circuit board 2 at the resonance point rotates clockwise and is left-handed polarization.
具体地，导电体11和电路板2的直径大于40mm时，可以实现该天线的椭圆极化效果。其中，导电体11和电路板2的直径具体可以是40mm～50mm。Specifically, when the diameters of the conductor 11 and the circuit board 2 are greater than 40 mm, the elliptical polarization effect of the antenna can be achieved. Specifically, the diameters of the conductor 11 and the circuit board 2 may be 40 mm to 50 mm.
其中，图14为接地单元8与馈电单元7逆时针配置时的电流分布图(二)，如图2和图14所示，当导电体11和电路板2均为正方形的情况下，且接地单元8与馈电单元7逆时针配置时，在谐振点的电路板2上的电流逆时针旋转，为右旋极化。Among them, Figure 14 is the current distribution diagram (2) when the grounding unit 8 and the feed unit 7 are arranged counterclockwise. As shown in Figures 2 and 14, when the conductor 11 and the circuit board 2 are both square, and When the grounding unit 8 and the feeding unit 7 are arranged counterclockwise, the current on the circuit board 2 at the resonance point rotates counterclockwise and is right-handedly polarized.
图15为天线的一种轴比曲线图，如图2、图14和图15所示，图15所示的曲线为调谐器件的电感值为3.9nH时的轴比曲线。Figure 15 is an axial ratio curve of the antenna, as shown in Figure 2, Figure 14 and Figure 15. The curve shown in Figure 15 is the axial ratio curve when the inductance value of the tuning device is 3.9nH.
具体地，馈电单元7连接有阻抗匹配电路。图16为天线在对接地单元8配置调谐器件以及在对馈 电单元7配置阻抗匹配电路时的S11曲线图，如图16所示，当接地单元8通过调谐器件的电感值的变化使天线在GPS频段有较低的轴比后，可通过对馈电单元7配置阻抗匹配电路使天线具有较好的S11。Specifically, the feeding unit 7 is connected with an impedance matching circuit. Figure 16 shows the antenna configuring the tuning device to the ground unit 8 and the antenna to the feed The S11 curve when the electrical unit 7 is configured with an impedance matching circuit is shown in Figure 16. When the grounding unit 8 makes the antenna have a lower axial ratio in the GPS frequency band by changing the inductance value of the tuning device, the feeding unit can be 7 Configure the impedance matching circuit to make the antenna have better S11.
如图16所示，曲线i为调谐器件的电感值为3nH时的S11曲线图，曲线j为调谐器件的电感值为3nH，且阻抗匹配电路的电感值为4.5nH时的S11曲线图，由曲线i和曲线j对比可知，通过对馈电单元7配置阻抗匹配电路，可以使天线具有更好的S11。曲线k为调谐器件的电感值为6nH时的S11曲线图，曲线l为调谐器件的电感值为6nH，且阻抗匹配电路的电感值为5.6nH时的S11曲线图，由曲线k和曲线l对比可知，通过对馈电单元7配置阻抗匹配电路，可以使天线具有更好的S11。As shown in Figure 16, curve i is the S11 curve when the inductance value of the tuning device is 3nH, and curve j is the S11 curve when the inductance value of the tuning device is 3nH and the inductance value of the impedance matching circuit is 4.5nH. Comparing curve i and curve j, it can be seen that by configuring the impedance matching circuit for the feed unit 7, the antenna can have better S11. Curve k is the S11 curve when the inductance value of the tuning device is 6nH. Curve l is the S11 curve when the inductance value of the tuning device is 6nH and the inductance value of the impedance matching circuit is 5.6nH. Comparison between curve k and curve l It can be seen that by configuring the impedance matching circuit for the feeding unit 7, the antenna can have better S11.
图17为天线在对接地单元8配置调谐器件以及在对馈电单元7配置阻抗匹配电路时的轴比曲线图，图17显示了馈电单元7与接地单元8之间的圆心角为90°的情况所对应的轴比曲线图。曲线m为调谐器件的电感值为3nH时的轴比曲线图，曲线n为调谐器件的电感值为3nH，且阻抗匹配电路的电感值为4.5nH时的轴比曲线图，由曲线m和曲线n对比可知，曲线m和曲线n完全重合，由此可知，调整馈电单元7的阻抗匹配电路时，轴比不因为馈电单元7配置阻抗匹配电路而改变。曲线o为调谐器件的电感值为6nH时的轴比曲线图，曲线p为调谐器件的电感值为6nH，且阻抗匹配电路的电感值为5.6nH时的轴比曲线图，由曲线o和曲线p对比可知，曲线o和曲线p完全重合，由此可知，调整馈电单元7的阻抗匹配电路时，轴比不因为馈电单元7配置阻抗匹配电路而改变。Figure 17 is an axial ratio curve diagram of the antenna when the tuning device is configured for the ground unit 8 and the impedance matching circuit is configured for the feed unit 7. Figure 17 shows that the central angle between the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8 is 90°. The axis ratio curve corresponding to the situation. Curve m is the axial ratio curve when the inductance value of the tuning device is 3nH. Curve n is the axial ratio curve when the inductance value of the tuning device is 3nH and the inductance value of the impedance matching circuit is 4.5nH. From the curve m and the curve From the comparison of n, it can be seen that the curve m and the curve n completely overlap. It can be seen that when the impedance matching circuit of the feed unit 7 is adjusted, the axial ratio does not change because the impedance matching circuit of the feed unit 7 is configured. Curve o is the axial ratio curve when the inductance value of the tuning device is 6nH. Curve p is the axial ratio curve when the inductance value of the tuning device is 6nH and the inductance value of the impedance matching circuit is 5.6nH. Curve o and curve Comparing p, it can be seen that the curve o and the curve p completely overlap. It can be seen that when the impedance matching circuit of the feed unit 7 is adjusted, the axial ratio does not change because the impedance matching circuit of the feed unit 7 is configured.
图18为天线在对接地单元8配置调谐器件以及在对馈电单元7配置阻抗匹配电路，且接地单元8与馈电单元7逆时针配置时的电流分布图，如图18所示，在接地单元8、馈电单元7分别配置调谐器件及阻抗匹配电路的情况下，在GPS频段电路板2上的电流分布呈逆时针分布，产生右手椭圆极化，可以实现在卫星定位功能中有较好的定位精准度。Figure 18 is a current distribution diagram when the antenna is configured with a tuning device for the ground unit 8 and an impedance matching circuit for the feed unit 7, and the ground unit 8 and the feed unit 7 are arranged counterclockwise. As shown in Figure 18, when the ground When unit 8 and feed unit 7 are configured with tuning devices and impedance matching circuits respectively, the current distribution on the GPS band circuit board 2 is counterclockwise, resulting in right-handed elliptical polarization, which can achieve better performance in satellite positioning functions. positioning accuracy.
在另一种实施例中，馈电单元7和接地单元8相对于电路板2的中心的圆心角大于等于75°且小于90°，天线的轴比频率点通过调谐器件设置于GPS频段；接地单元8与馈电单元7沿第一旋向配置以产生右手椭圆极化，或者接地单元8与馈电单元7沿第二旋向配置以产生左手椭圆极化；第一旋向与第二旋向相反。本实施例中，第一旋向为逆时针，第二旋向为顺时针。In another embodiment, the central angle of the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8 relative to the center of the circuit board 2 is greater than or equal to 75° and less than 90°, and the axial ratio frequency point of the antenna is set in the GPS frequency band through a tuning device; grounding The unit 8 and the feed unit 7 are arranged along the first rotation direction to produce right-handed elliptical polarization, or the ground unit 8 and the feed unit 7 are arranged along the second rotation direction to produce left-hand elliptical polarization; the first rotation direction and the second rotation direction are To the opposite. In this embodiment, the first rotation direction is counterclockwise, and the second rotation direction is clockwise.
由于***器件的环境调整或是外形尺寸的调整，会使接地单元8及馈电单元7之间的圆心角小于90°，为了便于说明，本实施例以该圆心角为75°为例进行说明。当馈电单元7的阻抗匹配电路为直通时，接地单元8通过调谐器件连接于导电体11，当调谐器件的电感值变化时，天线的S11及轴比所对应的频率可以随调谐器件的电感值的增大而降低，从而可以通过调谐器件进行调谐。而对于馈电单元7是否配置阻抗匹配电路，则不影响天线的轴比。Due to the environmental adjustment or the adjustment of the external dimensions of the system components, the central angle between the ground unit 8 and the feed unit 7 will be less than 90°. For the convenience of explanation, this embodiment takes the central angle as 75° as an example. . When the impedance matching circuit of the feed unit 7 is straight-through, the ground unit 8 is connected to the conductor 11 through the tuning device. When the inductance value of the tuning device changes, the frequency corresponding to the S11 and the axial ratio of the antenna can change with the inductance of the tuning device. It decreases as the value increases, so that it can be tuned by the tuning device. Whether the feed unit 7 is configured with an impedance matching circuit does not affect the axial ratio of the antenna.
图19为天线在馈电单元7和接地单元8相对于电路板2的中心的圆心角小于90°，在调谐器件具有不同电感值，且馈电单元7的阻抗匹配电路为直通时的S11曲线图，图19具体显示了上述圆心角为75°情况下的天线S11曲线，如图19所示，曲线q表示调谐器件的电感值为0时的天线S11，曲线r表示调谐器件为电感值为3nH时的天线S11，曲线s表示调谐器件为电感值为4.5nH时的天线S11，由此可知，随着调谐器件电感值的增大，曲线的谐振点的S11对应频率逐渐减小，即可以通过调谐器件实现调谐。Figure 19 shows the S11 curve when the central angle of the antenna between the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8 relative to the center of the circuit board 2 is less than 90°, the tuning device has different inductance values, and the impedance matching circuit of the feed unit 7 is straight-through. Figure 19 specifically shows the antenna S11 curve when the above-mentioned central angle is 75°. As shown in Figure 19, the curve q represents the antenna S11 when the inductance value of the tuning device is 0, and the curve r represents the tuning device with an inductance value of Antenna S11 at 3nH, curve s indicates that the tuning device is the antenna S11 when the inductance value is 4.5nH. It can be seen that as the inductance value of the tuning device increases, the corresponding frequency of S11 at the resonance point of the curve gradually decreases, that is, it can Tuning is achieved through tuning devices.
图20为天线在馈电单元7和接地单元8相对于电路板2的中心的圆心角小于90°，在调谐器件具有不同电感值，且馈电单元7的阻抗匹配电路为直通时的轴比曲线图，图20具体显示了上述圆心角为75°情况下的天线轴比曲线，如图20所示，曲线t表示调谐器件的电感值为0时的天线轴比，曲线u表示调谐器件为电感值为3nH时的天线轴比，曲线v表示调谐器件为电感值为6nH时的天线轴比，由此可知，随着调谐器件电感值的增大，曲线的谐振点的轴比对应频率逐渐减小，即可以通过调谐器件实现调谐。Figure 20 shows the axis ratio of the antenna when the central angle of the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8 relative to the center of the circuit board 2 is less than 90°, the tuning device has different inductance values, and the impedance matching circuit of the feed unit 7 is straight-through. Curve chart, Figure 20 specifically shows the antenna axis ratio curve when the above-mentioned central angle is 75°, as shown in Figure 20, the curve t represents the antenna axis ratio when the inductance value of the tuning device is 0, and the curve u represents the tuning device. The antenna axis ratio when the inductance value is 3nH. The curve v represents the antenna axis ratio when the tuning device is an inductance value of 6nH. It can be seen that as the inductance value of the tuning device increases, the axial ratio of the resonance point of the curve corresponds to the frequency gradually. Reduced, that is, tuning can be achieved through tuning devices.
图21为天线在馈电单元7和接地单元8相对于电路板2的中心的圆心角小于90°，在阻抗匹配电路非直通时的S11曲线图，具体地，图21具体显示了上述圆心角为75°情况下的天线S11曲线，如图21所示，曲线w为仅对接地单元8配置4.5nH调谐器件的S11曲线，曲线x为既对接地单元8配置4.5nH调谐器件，又对馈电单元7配置3.9nH阻抗匹配电路的S11曲线，由曲线w和曲线x对比可知，配置有非直通的阻抗匹配电路可以使天线的S11更好，具有较低的损耗。Figure 21 is the S11 curve of the antenna when the central angle of the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8 relative to the center of the circuit board 2 is less than 90° and the impedance matching circuit is not straight-through. Specifically, Figure 21 specifically shows the above central angle. is the S11 curve of the antenna at 75°, as shown in Figure 21. Curve w is the S11 curve with only the 4.5nH tuning device configured for the ground unit 8. Curve x is the S11 curve with both the 4.5nH tuning device configured for the ground unit 8 and the feed. The S11 curve of the electrical unit 7 is configured with a 3.9nH impedance matching circuit. From the comparison of curve w and curve x, it can be seen that configuring a non-through impedance matching circuit can make the S11 of the antenna better and have lower loss.
图22为天线在馈电单元7和接地单元8相对于电路板2的中心的圆心角小于90°，在阻抗匹配电路非直通时的轴比曲线图，具体地，图22具体显示了上述圆心角为75°情况下的天线S11曲线，如图22所示，曲线y为仅对接地单元8配置4.5nH调谐器件的轴比曲线，曲线z为既对接地单元8配置4.5nH调谐器件，又对馈电单元7配置3.9nH阻抗匹配电路的轴比曲线，由曲线y和曲线z对比可知，曲线y 和曲线z完全重合，也就是说，对馈电单元7是否配置阻抗匹配电路不影响天线轴比，使天线在具有较低损耗的同时，能够实现良好的椭圆极化，在卫星定位功能中具有较好的定位精度。Figure 22 is an axial ratio curve of the antenna when the central angle of the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8 relative to the center of the circuit board 2 is less than 90° and the impedance matching circuit is not straight-through. Specifically, Figure 22 specifically shows the above-mentioned center of the circle. The antenna S11 curve when the angle is 75° is shown in Figure 22. Curve y is the axial ratio curve of only configuring the 4.5nH tuning device for the grounding unit 8. Curve z is the axial ratio curve for configuring the 4.5nH tuning device for the grounding unit 8. The axial ratio curve of the 3.9nH impedance matching circuit configured in the feed unit 7 can be seen from the comparison of curve y and curve z. Curve y It completely coincides with the curve z. That is to say, whether the impedance matching circuit is configured in the feed unit 7 does not affect the antenna axis ratio, so that the antenna can achieve good elliptical polarization while having lower loss, which has great advantages in the satellite positioning function. Better positioning accuracy.
图23为天线在馈电单元7和接地单元8相对于电路板2的中心的圆心角小于90°，且接地单元8与馈电单元7逆时针配置时的电流分布图，具体地，图23具体显示了上述圆心角为75°情况下的电路板2上的电流分布，如图23所示，在接地单元8、馈电单元7分别配置调谐器件及阻抗匹配电路的情况下，在GPS频段电路板2上的电流分布呈逆时针分布，产生右手椭圆极化，可以实现在卫星定位功能中有较好的定位精准度。Figure 23 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna when the central angle of the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8 relative to the center of the circuit board 2 is less than 90°, and the ground unit 8 and the feed unit 7 are arranged counterclockwise. Specifically, Figure 23 It specifically shows the current distribution on the circuit board 2 when the above-mentioned central angle is 75°. As shown in Figure 23, when the grounding unit 8 and the feed unit 7 are configured with tuning devices and impedance matching circuits respectively, in the GPS frequency band The current distribution on the circuit board 2 is counterclockwise, resulting in right-handed elliptical polarization, which can achieve better positioning accuracy in the satellite positioning function.
在又一种实施例中，馈电单元7和接地单元8相对于电路板2的中心的圆心角大于90°且小于等于105°，天线的轴比频率点通过调谐器件设置于GPS频段；接地单元8与馈电单元7沿第二旋向配置以产生右手椭圆极化，或者接地单元8与馈电单元7沿第一旋向配置以产生左手椭圆极化；第二旋向与第一旋向相反。本实施例中，第一旋向为逆时针，第二旋向为顺时针。In another embodiment, the central angle of the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8 relative to the center of the circuit board 2 is greater than 90° and less than or equal to 105°, and the axial ratio frequency point of the antenna is set in the GPS frequency band through a tuning device; grounding The unit 8 and the feeding unit 7 are arranged along the second rotating direction to produce right-handed elliptical polarization, or the grounding unit 8 and the feeding unit 7 are arranged along the first rotating direction to produce left-handed elliptical polarization; the second rotating direction is the same as the first rotating direction. To the opposite. In this embodiment, the first rotation direction is counterclockwise, and the second rotation direction is clockwise.
也就是说，对于接地单元8与馈电单元7之间对应的圆心角大于90°时，通过调谐器件将轴比最低频率点调谐至GPS频段，使接地单元8和馈电单元7顺时针配置时可产生右手椭圆极化。这不同于上述在接地单元8与馈电单元7之间对应的圆心角小于90°时，使接地单元8和馈电单元7逆时针配置时可产生右手椭圆极化。That is to say, when the corresponding central angle between the ground unit 8 and the feed unit 7 is greater than 90°, the lowest frequency point of the axial ratio is tuned to the GPS frequency band through the tuning device, so that the ground unit 8 and the feed unit 7 are configured clockwise. Right-handed elliptical polarization can be produced. This is different from the above-mentioned situation where the corresponding central angle between the ground unit 8 and the feed unit 7 is less than 90°. When the ground unit 8 and the feed unit 7 are arranged counterclockwise, right-handed elliptical polarization can be generated.
为了便于说明，本实施例以该圆心角为105°为例进行说明。For ease of explanation, this embodiment takes the central angle of 105° as an example.
图24为天线在馈电单元7和接地单元8相对于电路板2的中心的圆心角大于90°，在调谐器件具有不同电感值时的轴比曲线图，具体地，图24具体显示了上述圆心角为105°情况下的天线轴比曲线。如图24所示，曲线A表示调谐器件的电感值为0时的天线轴比，曲线B表示调谐器件为电感值为3nH时的天线轴比，曲线C表示调谐器件为电感值为7.6nH时的天线轴比，由此可知，随着调谐器件电感值的增大，曲线的谐振点的轴比对应频率逐渐减小，即可以通过调谐器件实现调谐。其中，曲线C显示出在GPS频段具有较低的轴比。Figure 24 is a graph of the axial ratio of the antenna when the central angle of the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8 relative to the center of the circuit board 2 is greater than 90°, and the tuning device has different inductance values. Specifically, Figure 24 specifically shows the above The antenna axis ratio curve when the central angle is 105°. As shown in Figure 24, curve A represents the antenna axis ratio when the inductance value of the tuning device is 0, curve B represents the antenna axis ratio when the inductance value of the tuning device is 3nH, and curve C represents the antenna axis ratio when the inductance value of the tuning device is 7.6nH. It can be seen from this that as the inductance value of the tuning device increases, the axial ratio of the resonance point of the curve corresponding to the frequency gradually decreases, that is, tuning can be achieved through the tuning device. Among them, curve C shows a lower axis ratio in the GPS frequency band.
图25为天线在馈电单元7和接地单元8相对于电路板2的中心的圆心角大于90°，且在配置调谐器件和阻抗匹配电路时的S11曲线图，具体地，图25具体显示了上述圆心角为105°情况下，且对接地单元8配置7.6nH调谐器件，对馈电单元7配置串接4.5nH阻抗匹配电路时的天线S11曲线，从而可以使天线具有较好的S11。Figure 25 is the S11 curve of the antenna when the central angle of the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8 relative to the center of the circuit board 2 is greater than 90°, and the tuning device and the impedance matching circuit are configured. Specifically, Figure 25 specifically shows When the above-mentioned central angle is 105°, and the grounding unit 8 is configured with a 7.6nH tuning device, and the feed unit 7 is configured with a 4.5nH impedance matching circuit connected in series, the antenna S11 curve can be achieved, so that the antenna can have a better S11.
图26为天线在馈电单元7和接地单元8相对于电路板2的中心的圆心角大于90°，且接地单元8与馈电单元7顺时针配置时的电流分布图。具体地，图26具体显示了上述圆心角为105°情况下的电路板2上的电流分布，如图26所示，在接地单元8、馈电单元7分别配置调谐器件及阻抗匹配电路的情况下，在GPS频段电路板2上的电流分布呈逆时针分布，产生右手椭圆极化，可以实现在卫星定位功能中有较好的定位精准度。Figure 26 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna when the central angle of the feed unit 7 and the ground unit 8 relative to the center of the circuit board 2 is greater than 90°, and the ground unit 8 and the feed unit 7 are arranged clockwise. Specifically, Figure 26 specifically shows the current distribution on the circuit board 2 when the above-mentioned central angle is 105°. As shown in Figure 26, the tuning device and the impedance matching circuit are configured in the ground unit 8 and the feed unit 7 respectively. Under the condition, the current distribution on the GPS band circuit board 2 is counterclockwise, resulting in right-handed elliptical polarization, which can achieve better positioning accuracy in the satellite positioning function.
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。 The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of this application shall be included in the protection scope of this application.

Claims (15)

  1. 一种天线，其特征在于，包括：An antenna, characterized by including:
    导电体；electrical conductor;
    电路板；circuit board;
    馈电单元，所述导电体通过所述馈电单元与所述电路板电连接；A feed unit, the conductor is electrically connected to the circuit board through the feed unit;
    接地单元，所述导电体通过所述接地单元连接于所述电路板实现接地；A grounding unit, the conductor is connected to the circuit board through the grounding unit to achieve grounding;
    其中，所述馈电单元和所述接地单元相对于所述电路板的中心的圆心角为75°～105°。Wherein, the central angle of the feeding unit and the grounding unit relative to the center of the circuit board is 75° to 105°.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线，其特征在于，所述电路板通过多个金属连接件与所述导电体连接，相邻两个所述金属连接件中的一个为所述馈电单元，另一个为所述接地单元。The antenna according to claim 1, wherein the circuit board is connected to the conductor through a plurality of metal connectors, one of the two adjacent metal connectors is the feed unit, and the other is the feed unit. One for the ground unit.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的天线，其特征在于，所述金属连接件为螺钉或弹片。The antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that the metal connecting member is a screw or a spring piece.
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述导电体上在所述馈电单元和所述接地单元的一侧形成有第一电流路径，在所述馈电单元和所述接地单元的另一侧形成有第二电流路径，所述第一电流路径长于所述第二电流路径；The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a first current path is formed on the conductor on one side of the feed unit and the ground unit, and on the feed unit A second current path is formed on the other side of the ground unit, and the first current path is longer than the second current path;
    在设定的频段内，所述天线在所述第一电流路径所在的一侧激励出第一谐振，在所述第二电流路径所在的一侧激励出第二谐振，所述第一谐振与所述第二谐振对应的电流方向相互正交，使所述天线构成椭圆极化天线。Within the set frequency band, the antenna excites a first resonance on the side where the first current path is located, and a second resonance on the side where the second current path is located. The first resonance is related to The current directions corresponding to the second resonance are orthogonal to each other, so that the antenna forms an elliptically polarized antenna.
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的天线，其特征在于，所述设定的频段为1500MHz～2200MHz。The antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that the set frequency band is 1500MHz~2200MHz.
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的天线，其特征在于，所述馈电单元和所述接地单元相对于所述电路板的中心的圆心角为90°。The antenna according to claim 1, wherein the central angle of the feed unit and the ground unit relative to the center of the circuit board is 90°.
  7. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述接地单元通过调谐器件连接于所述导电体。The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the ground unit is connected to the conductor through a tuning device.
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的天线，其特征在于，所述馈电单元和所述接地单元相对于所述电路板的中心的圆心角大于等于75°且小于90°，所述天线的轴比频率点通过所述调谐器件设置于GPS频段；The antenna according to claim 7, wherein the central angle of the feed unit and the ground unit relative to the center of the circuit board is greater than or equal to 75° and less than 90°, and the axial ratio frequency of the antenna is The point is set in the GPS frequency band through the tuning device;
    所述接地单元与所述馈电单元沿第一旋向配置以产生右手椭圆极化，或者所述接地单元与所述馈电单元沿第二旋向配置以产生左手椭圆极化；The ground unit and the feeding unit are arranged along a first rotational direction to produce right-handed elliptical polarization, or the grounding unit and the feeding unit are arranged along a second rotational direction to produce left-hand elliptical polarization;
    所述第一旋向与所述第二旋向相反。The first direction of rotation is opposite to the second direction of rotation.
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的天线，其特征在于，所述馈电单元和所述接地单元相对于所述电路板的中心的圆心角大于90°且小于等于105°，所述天线的轴比频率点通过所述调谐器件设置于GPS频段；The antenna according to claim 7, wherein the central angle of the feed unit and the ground unit relative to the center of the circuit board is greater than 90° and less than or equal to 105°, and the axial ratio frequency of the antenna is The point is set in the GPS frequency band through the tuning device;
    所述接地单元与所述馈电单元沿第二旋向配置以产生右手椭圆极化，或者所述接地单元与所述馈电单元沿第一旋向配置以产生左手椭圆极化；The ground unit and the feed unit are arranged along the second rotation direction to generate right-handed elliptical polarization, or the ground unit and the feed unit are arranged along the first rotation direction to generate left-hand elliptical polarization;
    所述第二旋向与所述第一旋向相反。The second direction of rotation is opposite to the first direction of rotation.
  10. 根据权利要求7-9任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述调谐器件为电感。The antenna according to any one of claims 7-9, characterized in that the tuning component is an inductor.
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述馈电单元连接有阻抗匹配电路。The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the feeding unit is connected to an impedance matching circuit.
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述导电体和/或所述电路板的形状为圆形或多边形。The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the shape of the conductor and/or the circuit board is circular or polygonal.
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的天线，其特征在于，所述导电体和/或所述电路板的直径大于40mm。The antenna according to claim 12, wherein the diameter of the conductor and/or the circuit board is greater than 40 mm.
  14. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-13任一项所述的天线。An electronic device, characterized by comprising the antenna according to any one of claims 1-13.
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述电子设备包括金属边框，所述金属边框至少部分为所述导电体。 The electronic device according to claim 14, characterized in that the electronic device includes a metal frame, and the metal frame is at least partially the conductor.
PCT/CN2023/116725 2022-09-15 2023-09-04 Antenna and electronic device WO2024055857A1 (en)

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