CN117748094A - Antenna and electronic equipment - Google Patents

Antenna and electronic equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117748094A
CN117748094A CN202211124604.8A CN202211124604A CN117748094A CN 117748094 A CN117748094 A CN 117748094A CN 202211124604 A CN202211124604 A CN 202211124604A CN 117748094 A CN117748094 A CN 117748094A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
antenna
unit
circuit board
grounding
tuning device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202211124604.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
许志玮
宇恩佐
戴祯坊
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huawei Device Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Huawei Device Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Device Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Device Co Ltd
Priority to CN202211124604.8A priority Critical patent/CN117748094A/en
Priority to PCT/CN2023/116725 priority patent/WO2024055857A1/en
Publication of CN117748094A publication Critical patent/CN117748094A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/44—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas using equipment having another main function to serve additionally as an antenna, e.g. means for giving an antenna an aesthetic aspect
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop

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  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

The application provides an antenna and electronic equipment, wherein, this antenna includes electric conductor, circuit board, feed unit and earthing unit, and the electric conductor passes through feed unit and circuit board electricity to be connected, and the electric conductor passes through earthing unit to be connected in circuit board and realizes the ground connection, and wherein, feed unit and earthing unit are 75 ~ 105 for the central angle in the center of circuit board. According to the antenna provided by the embodiment of the application, the central angles of the feeding unit and the grounding unit relative to the center of the circuit board are 75-105 degrees, so that the phase difference of the two generated resonance modes is 90+/-20 degrees, elliptical polarization conditions can be generated, and the antenna can have right-hand elliptical polarization characteristics required by satellite positioning or left-hand elliptical polarization characteristics required by satellite communication.

Description

Antenna and electronic equipment
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to an antenna and an electronic device.
Background
With the development of mobile communication technology, the wearable device can realize different functions through the internet, such as acquiring weather temperature information, location information, and the like. Most of these functions are not separated from the position locating function, and are generally located by arranging a GPS antenna in the wearable device. The existing GPS antenna is generally designed on a metal housing of the wearable device, and the metal housing is used as a radiator. However, this antenna form fails to consider the elliptical polarization characteristics of satellite positioning or communication, and it is difficult to achieve better positioning accuracy.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present application is to provide an antenna and an electronic device, so as to solve the problems of poor positioning accuracy and poor satellite positioning or communication elliptical polarization characteristics caused by the fact that the antenna is designed on a metal casing of a wearable device in the prior art.
A first aspect of the present application provides an antenna, including:
an electric conductor;
a circuit board;
the electric conductor is electrically connected with the circuit board through the feed unit;
the grounding unit is connected with the circuit board through the grounding unit to realize grounding;
the central angles of the feed unit and the grounding unit relative to the center of the circuit board are 75-105 degrees.
According to the antenna provided by the embodiment of the application, the central angles of the feeding unit and the grounding unit relative to the center of the circuit board are 75-105 degrees, so that the phase difference of the two generated resonance modes is 90+/-20 degrees, elliptical polarization conditions can be generated, and the antenna can have right-hand elliptical polarization characteristics required by satellite positioning or left-hand elliptical polarization characteristics required by satellite communication.
In one possible design, the circuit board is connected to the electrical conductor by a plurality of metal connectors, one of the two adjacent metal connectors being the power feeding unit and the other being the ground unit.
The adjacent two metal connectors can meet the central angle of 75-105 degrees, so that one metal connector is used as a power supply unit, the other metal connector is used as a grounding structure, the metal connector can be used for connecting and fixing a conductor and a circuit board and can be used as a power supply unit or a grounding unit, the power supply function or the grounding function is realized, the antenna has a simpler structure while elliptical polarization is realized, the miniaturization and the thinning of the antenna are realized, and the antenna is convenient to arrange in electronic equipment.
In one possible design, the metal connector is a screw or a spring. The adoption of the screw or the elastic sheet can realize reliable connection between the circuit board and the conductor and is convenient for being constructed into a feed unit or a grounding unit.
In one possible design, the electrical conductor has a first current path formed on one side of the power supply unit and the ground unit, and a second current path formed on the other side of the power supply unit and the ground unit, the first current path being longer than the second current path; and in the set frequency band, the antenna excites a first resonance at the side where the first current path is located, excites a second resonance at the side where the second current path is located, and the current directions of the first resonance and the second resonance are mutually orthogonal, so that the antenna forms an elliptical polarized antenna.
In one possible design, the set frequency band is 1500MHz to 2200MHz. In this band, the phase difference of the two modes is between 90 ° ± 20 °, i.e. the two modes are current-orthogonal and the phase difference is 90 ° ± 20 °, an elliptical polarization condition may be created.
In one possible embodiment, the central angle of the power supply unit and the ground unit with respect to the center of the circuit board is 90 °. Therefore, the phase difference of the two resonance modes is about 90 degrees, right-hand polarization can be generated when the grounding unit and the feeding unit are arranged anticlockwise, and left-hand polarization can be generated when the grounding unit and the feeding unit are arranged clockwise, so that the antenna meets the satellite positioning requirement.
In one possible design, the grounding unit is connected to the electrical conductor by a tuning device. Thereby enabling the axial ratio of the antenna to be tuned by the tuning device.
In one possible design, a central angle of the feeding unit and the grounding unit relative to the center of the circuit board is greater than or equal to 75 degrees and smaller than 90 degrees, and an axial ratio frequency point of the antenna is arranged in a GPS frequency band through the tuning device; the grounding unit and the feed unit are configured along a first rotation direction to generate right-hand elliptical polarization, or the grounding unit and the feed unit are configured along a second rotation direction to generate left-hand elliptical polarization; the first direction of rotation is opposite the second direction of rotation.
In one possible design, a central angle of the feeding unit and the grounding unit relative to the center of the circuit board is larger than 90 degrees and smaller than or equal to 105 degrees, and an axial ratio frequency point of the antenna is arranged in a GPS frequency band through the tuning device; the grounding unit and the feed unit are configured along a second rotation direction to generate right-hand elliptical polarization, or the grounding unit and the feed unit are configured along a first rotation direction to generate left-hand elliptical polarization; the second direction of rotation is opposite the first direction of rotation.
In one possible design, the tuning device is an inductor. It is thus possible to facilitate configuration of the ground connection unit with an inductance having a corresponding inductance value.
In one possible design, the feed unit is connected with an impedance matching circuit. So that it is possible to facilitate the configuration of the respective impedances for the feed units.
In one possible design, the shape of the electrical conductor and/or the circuit board is circular or polygonal.
In one possible design, the diameter of the electrical conductor and/or the circuit board is greater than 40mm.
The second aspect of the present application also provides an electronic device, which includes the antenna provided in the first aspect of the present application.
In one possible design, the electronic device includes a metal bezel that is at least partially the electrical conductor. Therefore, the antenna structure can be thinned without arranging a conductor alone, and the thickness of the electronic equipment can be further thinned.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the application.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a graph of two resonant modes of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a current distribution diagram of a first resonant mode in an antenna structure;
FIG. 5 is a current distribution diagram of a second resonant mode in an antenna structure;
fig. 6 is a current distribution diagram of a first resonant mode in another antenna structure;
fig. 7 is a current distribution diagram of a second resonant mode in another antenna structure;
fig. 8 is a graph of a phase difference between the second resonant mode and the first resonant mode;
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the current distribution (I) when the grounding unit and the feeding unit are disposed counterclockwise;
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the current distribution when the grounding unit and the feeding unit are arranged clockwise;
fig. 11 is an S11 graph of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 12 is an S11 graph of the antenna when the tuning device has different inductance values;
fig. 13 is a graph of axial ratio of an antenna when the tuning device has different inductance values;
FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a current distribution (II) when the grounding unit and the feeding unit are disposed counterclockwise;
FIG. 15 is a graph of an axial ratio of the antenna;
fig. 16 is an S11 graph of the antenna when the tuning device is arranged in the ground unit and when the impedance matching circuit is arranged in the feed unit;
fig. 17 is an axial ratio graph of the antenna when the tuning device is arranged in the ground unit and when the impedance matching circuit is arranged in the feed unit;
fig. 18 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna when the tuning device is arranged in the ground unit and the impedance matching circuit is arranged in the feed unit, and the ground unit and the feed unit are arranged counterclockwise;
fig. 19 is an S11 graph of the antenna when the central angles of the feeding unit and the grounding unit with respect to the center of the circuit board are smaller than 90 ° and the tuning device has different inductance values;
fig. 20 is a graph of axial ratio of the antenna when the central angles of the feeding unit and the grounding unit with respect to the center of the circuit board are smaller than 90 ° and the tuning device has different inductance values;
fig. 21 is an S11 graph of the antenna when the central angles of the feeding unit and the grounding unit with respect to the center of the circuit board are smaller than 90 ° and the impedance matching circuit is not through;
fig. 22 is a graph of axial ratio of the antenna when the central angle of the feeding unit and the grounding unit with respect to the center of the circuit board is less than 90 ° and the impedance matching circuit is not through;
fig. 23 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna when the central angles of the feeding unit and the grounding unit with respect to the center of the circuit board are smaller than 90 ° and the grounding unit and the feeding unit are disposed counterclockwise;
fig. 24 is a graph of axial ratio of the antenna when the central angles of the feeding unit and the grounding unit with respect to the center of the circuit board are greater than 90 ° and the tuning device has different inductance values;
fig. 25 is an S11 graph of the antenna in which the central angle of the feeding unit and the grounding unit with respect to the center of the circuit board is greater than 90 °, and in which the tuning device and the impedance matching circuit are arranged;
fig. 26 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna when the central angles of the feeding unit and the ground unit with respect to the center of the circuit board are greater than 90 ° and the ground unit and the feeding unit are arranged clockwise.
Reference numerals:
1-an electrical conductor;
2-a circuit board;
3-a first metal connector;
4-a second metal connector;
5-a third metal connector;
6-fourth metal connectors;
7-a feeding unit;
8-ground unit.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the application and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the present application.
In the description of the present application, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance unless explicitly specified or limited otherwise; the term "plurality" means two or more, unless specified or indicated otherwise; the terms "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, integrally connected, or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the terms in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as the case may be.
In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," and the like in the embodiments of the present application are described in terms of angles shown in the accompanying drawings, and should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present application. In the context of this document, it will also be understood that when an element is referred to as being "on" or "under" another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element through intervening elements.
With the development of mobile communication technology, the wearable device can realize different functions, such as monitoring the heartbeat and sleep state of a human body in real time, acquiring weather temperature information and position information, and the like, which are mostly not separated from the position positioning function. The positioning is generally performed by arranging a GPS antenna in the wearable device. The existing GPS antenna is generally designed on a metal housing of the wearable device, and the metal housing is used as a radiator. However, this antenna form fails to consider the elliptical polarization characteristics of satellite positioning or communication, and it is difficult to achieve better positioning accuracy.
The embodiment of the application provides electronic equipment and an antenna, which can be applied to the electronic equipment to realize the transmission or the reception of wireless signals. The electronic device may be a cell phone, tablet, desktop, laptop, handheld, notebook, ultra-mobile personal computer (ultra-mobile personal computer, UMPC), netbook, and cellular telephone, personal digital assistant (personal digital assistant, PDA), augmented reality (augmented reality, AR) device, virtual Reality (VR) device, artificial intelligence (artificial intelligence, AI) device, satellite positioning or communication system employed by a wearable device, such as: GPS, GNSS, tiantong number one satellite communication, vehicle-mounted equipment, intelligent household equipment and/or intelligent city equipment, and the specific type of the electronic equipment is not particularly limited in the embodiment of the application. For convenience of explanation, the embodiment of the application will be described by taking an electronic device as a wearable device as an example.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, specifically, the antenna includes a conductive body 11, a circuit board 2, a feeding unit 7, and a grounding unit 8, the conductive body 11 is electrically connected to the circuit board 2 through the feeding unit 7, the conductive body 11 is connected to the circuit board 2 through the grounding unit 8 to achieve grounding, and a central angle of the feeding unit 7 and the grounding unit 8 with respect to a center of the circuit board 2 is 75 ° to 105 °.
Wherein both the feeding unit 7 and the grounding unit 8 may be located near the edge of the circuit board 2, so that the circuit board 2 may be ensured to have a larger position for arranging various electronic components, and the circuit board 2 may be a printed circuit board 2 (Printed Circuit Board, PCB). The feeding unit 7 may feed the antenna so that the electrical conductor 11 may radiate energy to the outside. The ground element 8 may implement an antenna ground.
When the antenna is applied to electronic equipment, the electronic equipment can comprise a metal frame, at least part of the metal frame can be used as the conductor 11 of the antenna, and the conductor 11 does not need to be arranged independently, so that the antenna structure can be thinned, and the thickness of the electronic equipment can be further thinned.
The circuit board 2 has a geometric center, the feeding unit 7 and the grounding unit 8 can be arranged on a circumference taking the geometric center as a center, an included angle between a connecting line of the feeding unit 7 and the center and a connecting line of the feeding unit 7 and the center is a central angle of the feeding unit 7 and the grounding unit 8 relative to the center of the circuit board 2, the range of the central angle can be 75-105 degrees, and two resonant modes can be respectively generated at two sides of the feeding unit 7 and the grounding unit 8 in the range of the angle. Specifically, on one side of the power feeding unit 7 and the ground unit 8, the current phases between the power feeding unit 7 and the ground unit 8 are opposite, exhibiting a differential mode, and on the other side of the power feeding unit 7 and the ground unit 8, the current phases between the power feeding unit 7 and the ground unit 8 are the same, exhibiting a common mode. Thus, the currents of the two resonant modes are approximately orthogonal after being mutually orthogonal, and the phase difference is between 90 DEG + -20 DEG, namely, the two orthogonal modes can generate elliptical polarization conditions.
Therefore, in the antenna provided by the embodiment of the application, the central angles of the feeding unit 7 and the grounding unit 8 relative to the center of the circuit board 2 are 75-105 degrees, so that the phase difference of the two generated resonance modes is 90 degrees plus or minus 20 degrees, elliptical polarization conditions can be generated, and the antenna can have right-hand elliptical polarization characteristics required by satellite positioning or left-hand elliptical polarization characteristics required by satellite communication.
Specifically, the circuit board 2 connects one of the adjacent two metal connectors, which is the power feeding unit 7, and the other is the ground unit 8, with the conductor 11 through a plurality of metal connectors. Wherein a gap is maintained between the circuit board 2 and the electrical conductor 11 to avoid a short circuit.
Two adjacent metal connectors exist in the plurality of metal connectors and can meet the central angle of 75-105 degrees, so that one metal connector is used as the power supply unit 7, the other metal connector is used as the grounding structure, the metal connector can be used for connecting and fixing the conductor 11 and the circuit board 2 and can also be used as the power supply unit 7 or the grounding unit 8, the power supply function or the grounding function is realized, the antenna has a simpler structure while elliptical polarization is realized, the miniaturization and the thinning of the antenna are realized, and the antenna is convenient to arrange in electronic equipment.
The plurality of metal connectors can be uniformly distributed on the circumference taking the center of the circuit board 2 as the center of a circle under the condition that any two adjacent metal connectors meet the central angle of 75-105 degrees, so that any two adjacent metal connectors can be selected as the feed unit 7 and the grounding unit 8 according to the actual layout condition, and the antenna is conveniently and flexibly arranged in the electronic equipment.
In this embodiment, four metal connectors may be provided, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, and the four metal connectors are uniformly and respectively located on the same circumference, so that the central angle between two adjacent metal connectors is 90 °. Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the respective metal connectors may be a first metal connector 3, a second metal connector 4, a third metal connector 5, and a fourth metal connector 6, respectively, and the first metal connector 3, the second metal connector 4, the third metal connector 5, and the fourth metal connector 6 may be arranged counterclockwise or clockwise, and in this embodiment, for convenience of explanation, the counterclockwise arrangement in fig. 1 and 2 is exemplified.
The first metal connector 3 and the second metal connector 4 are two adjacent metal connectors, the first metal connector 3 may be used as the power feeding unit 7, the second metal connector 4 may be used as the grounding unit 8, or the first metal connector 3 may be used as the grounding unit 8, and the second metal connector 4 may be used as the power feeding unit 7. Similarly, the second metal connector 4 and the third metal connector 5, the third metal connector 5 and the fourth metal connector 6, and the fourth metal connector 6 and the first metal connector 3 are two adjacent metal connectors, respectively, which can respectively form the power feeding unit 7 or the grounding unit 8.
When any two adjacent metal connectors are selected as the feeding unit 7 and the grounding unit 8, a first resonant mode is generated on one side of the adjacent two metal connectors, and a second resonant mode is generated on the other side, and current flows corresponding to the two resonant modes are orthogonal or nearly orthogonal, as shown in fig. 4 and 5 and fig. 6 and 7, so that an elliptical polarization condition can be generated, enabling the antenna to have a right-hand polarization characteristic required for satellite positioning or a left-hand polarization characteristic required for satellite communication.
The metal connecting piece can be a screw or a spring piece, or can be a combination of the screw and the spring piece. The use of screws or spring plates allows a reliable connection between the circuit board 2 and the electrical conductor 11, and also facilitates the design of the power supply unit 7 or the grounding unit 8.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4 to 7, a first current path is formed on the conductor 11 on one side of the power feeding unit 7 and the ground unit 8, and a second current path is formed on the other side of the power feeding unit 7 and the ground unit 8, the first current path being longer than the second current path. In the set frequency band, the antenna excites a first resonance at one side where the first current path is located, excites a second resonance at one side where the second current path is located, and current directions corresponding to the first resonance and the second resonance are mutually orthogonal, so that the antenna forms an elliptical polarized antenna.
In one antenna structure, fig. 4 shows a current distribution of a first resonant mode, fig. 5 shows a current distribution of a second resonant mode, the current direction on the circuit board 2 shown in fig. 4 is mainly downward, and the current direction on the circuit board 2 shown in fig. 5 is mainly rightward, so that the downward and rightward current directions are nearly orthogonal, and a circular polarization condition is generated. Similarly, in another antenna structure, fig. 6 shows a current distribution of a first resonant mode, fig. 7 shows a current distribution of a second resonant mode, fig. 6 shows a current direction on the circuit board 2 mainly upward, and fig. 7 shows a current direction on the circuit board 2 mainly leftward, whereby the upward and leftward current directions are nearly orthogonal, resulting in a circular polarization condition.
In this embodiment, the antenna excites a first resonant mode (1λ mode) at one side of the first current path, currents corresponding to the first resonance are opposite in current phase between the feeding unit 7 and the grounding unit 8, a differential mode is presented, the antenna excites a second resonant mode (0.5λ mode) at one side of the second current path, currents corresponding to the second resonance are identical in current phase between the feeding unit 7 and the grounding unit 8, and a common mode is presented. Thus, the two resonant modes are current orthogonal or near orthogonal to each other. The characteristic angles of the second resonance curve and the first resonance curve in fig. 3 are calculated to obtain a graph of the phase difference between the second resonance mode and the first resonance mode shown in fig. 8, and as shown in fig. 8, the phase difference between the two modes is between 90 ° ± 20 °, i.e. the two modes are in quadrature current and the phase difference is 90 ° ± 20 °, so that an elliptical polarization condition can be generated.
The above-mentioned set frequency band is 1500MHz to 2200MHz, and as shown in fig. 3 and 8, in this frequency band, the phase difference between the two modes is between 90 ° ± 20 °, that is, the two modes are orthogonal in current and have a phase difference of 90 ° ± 20 °, so that an elliptical polarization condition can be generated. As shown in fig. 3, the first resonant frequency with the characteristic angle of 180 degrees is 1654MHz, and the second resonant frequency is 2015MHz, so that the requirement of satellite positioning can be met after elliptical polarization is formed.
In a specific embodiment, the central angle of the feeding unit 7 and the grounding unit 8 with respect to the center of the circuit board 2 is 90 °. As shown in fig. 9, when the grounding unit 8 and the power feeding unit 7 are disposed counterclockwise, that is, the first metal connector 3 is the grounding unit 8, the second metal connector 4 is the power feeding unit 7, and the current on the circuit board 2 at the resonance point rotates counterclockwise to be polarized in right-hand. As shown in fig. 10, when the grounding unit 8 and the power supply unit 7 are disposed clockwise, that is, the first metal connector 3 is the power supply unit 7, the second metal connector 4 is the grounding unit 8, and the current on the circuit board 2 at the resonance point rotates clockwise to be polarized in a left-hand direction.
Fig. 11 is an S11 graph of an antenna provided in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 11, where the S11 graph is an S11 graph with a central angle of 90 ° between the ground unit 8 and the power supply unit 7 with respect to the center of the circuit board 2, where the circuit board 2 is structurally symmetrical, each metal connector is distributed symmetrically, and when any two metal connectors in each metal connector are used as the power supply unit 7 and the ground unit 8, the corresponding S11 graph is shown in fig. 11. As shown in the graph combining the two resonance modes of the antenna of fig. 3, the S11 graph shown in fig. 11 includes two characteristic modes orthogonal to each other, and the phase difference is about 90 °, specifically, right-hand polarization may be generated when the ground unit 8 and the feed unit 7 are disposed counterclockwise, and left-hand polarization may be generated when the ground unit 8 and the feed unit 7 are disposed clockwise, so that the antenna satisfies the satellite positioning requirement.
Specifically, the grounding unit 8 is connected to the conductor 11 through a tuning device. When the matching circuit of the feed unit 7 is through, the ground unit 8 is connected to the conductor 11 through the tuning device, and when the inductance value of the tuning device changes, the S11 and the axial ratio of the antenna decrease in frequency with an increase in the inductance value, that is, the axial ratio of the antenna can be tuned by the tuning device.
Fig. 12 is a graph of S11 when the tuning device has different inductance values, and as shown in fig. 12, curve a shows the antenna S11 when the inductance value of the tuning device is 0, curve b shows the antenna S11 when the inductance value of the tuning device is 3nH, and curve c shows the antenna S11 when the inductance value of the tuning device is 6 nH.
Fig. 13 is a graph showing an axial ratio of the antenna when the tuning device has different inductance values, curve f shows an axial ratio of the antenna when the inductance value of the tuning device is 0, curve g shows an axial ratio of the antenna when the inductance value of the tuning device is 3nH, and curve h shows an axial ratio of the antenna when the inductance value of the tuning device is 6 nH.
In particular, the tuning device may be an inductance, but may also be other devices having different inductance values.
The shape of the conductor 11 and/or the circuit board 2 may be circular or polygonal, and the polygonal shape may be square, rectangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, or the like. As shown in fig. 1, the circuit board 2 and the conductor 11 are both circular; as shown in fig. 2, the conductors 11 and the circuit board 2 are square. The antenna has the same current distribution, i.e. when the ground element 8 and the feed element 7 are arranged counter-clockwise, the current on the circuit board 2 at the resonance point rotates counter-clockwise, being right-hand polarized, regardless of whether the conductor 11 and the circuit board 2 are circular or polygonal. When the grounding unit 8 and the feeding unit 7 are arranged clockwise, the current on the circuit board 2 at the resonance point rotates clockwise to be left-hand polarized.
In particular, when the diameters of the conductor 11 and the circuit board 2 are larger than 40mm, the elliptical polarization effect of the antenna can be achieved. The diameters of the conductor 11 and the circuit board 2 may be specifically 40mm to 50mm.
Fig. 14 shows a current distribution diagram (two) when the grounding unit 8 and the power feeding unit 7 are disposed counterclockwise, and as shown in fig. 2 and 14, when the conductor 11 and the circuit board 2 are square, and the grounding unit 8 and the power feeding unit 7 are disposed counterclockwise, the current on the circuit board 2 at the resonance point rotates counterclockwise and becomes right-hand polarization.
Fig. 15 is an axial ratio graph of the antenna, and as shown in fig. 2, 14 and 15, the graph shown in fig. 15 is an axial ratio graph when the inductance value of the tuning device is 3.9 nH.
Specifically, the power feeding unit 7 is connected with an impedance matching circuit. Fig. 16 is an S11 graph of the antenna when the tuning device is disposed on the grounding unit 8 and the impedance matching circuit is disposed on the feeding unit 7, and as shown in fig. 16, when the grounding unit 8 has a lower axial ratio in the GPS band by the change of the inductance value of the tuning device, the impedance matching circuit is disposed on the feeding unit 7 to provide the antenna with a better S11.
As shown in fig. 16, curve i is an S11 graph when the inductance value of the tuning device is 3nH, curve j is an S11 graph when the inductance value of the tuning device is 3nH, and the inductance value of the impedance matching circuit is 4.5nH, and as can be seen from comparison of curve i and curve j, by providing the impedance matching circuit to the feeding unit 7, the antenna can have better S11. The curve k is an S11 curve graph when the inductance value of the tuning device is 6nH, the curve l is an S11 curve graph when the inductance value of the tuning device is 6nH, and the inductance value of the impedance matching circuit is 5.6nH, and as can be seen from comparison of the curve k and the curve l, the antenna can have better S11 by arranging the impedance matching circuit for the feeding unit 7.
Fig. 17 is an axial ratio graph of the antenna when the tuning device is disposed in the grounding unit 8 and the impedance matching circuit is disposed in the power feeding unit 7, and fig. 17 is a graph showing an axial ratio corresponding to a case where the central angle between the power feeding unit 7 and the grounding unit 8 is 90 °. The curve m is an axial ratio graph when the inductance value of the tuning device is 3nH, the curve n is an axial ratio graph when the inductance value of the tuning device is 3nH, and the inductance value of the impedance matching circuit is 4.5nH, and the curve m and the curve n are completely overlapped as seen by comparing the curve m and the curve n, so that the axial ratio is not changed when the impedance matching circuit of the power supply unit 7 is adjusted because the impedance matching circuit is arranged in the power supply unit 7. The curve o is an axial ratio graph when the inductance value of the tuning device is 6nH, the curve p is an axial ratio graph when the inductance value of the tuning device is 6nH, and the inductance value of the impedance matching circuit is 5.6nH, and the curve o and the curve p are completely overlapped as seen by comparing the curve o with the curve p, so that the axial ratio is not changed when the impedance matching circuit of the power supply unit 7 is adjusted because the impedance matching circuit is configured by the power supply unit 7.
Fig. 18 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna when the tuning device is disposed in the grounding unit 8 and the impedance matching circuit is disposed in the feeding unit 7, and the grounding unit 8 and the feeding unit 7 are disposed counterclockwise, and as shown in fig. 18, when the tuning device and the impedance matching circuit are disposed in the grounding unit 8 and the feeding unit 7, respectively, the current distribution on the GPS frequency band circuit board 2 is disposed counterclockwise, so that right-hand elliptical polarization is generated, and a better positioning accuracy in the satellite positioning function can be achieved.
In another embodiment, the central angle of the feeding unit 7 and the grounding unit 8 relative to the center of the circuit board 2 is more than or equal to 75 degrees and less than 90 degrees, and the axial ratio frequency point of the antenna is arranged in the GPS frequency band through a tuning device; the grounding unit 8 and the power supply unit 7 are configured along a first rotation direction to generate right-hand elliptical polarization, or the grounding unit 8 and the power supply unit 7 are configured along a second rotation direction to generate left-hand elliptical polarization; the first direction of rotation is opposite the second direction of rotation. In this embodiment, the first rotation direction is counterclockwise and the second rotation direction is clockwise.
Due to the environmental adjustment or the external dimension adjustment of the system device, the central angle between the grounding unit 8 and the power feeding unit 7 is smaller than 90 °, and for convenience of explanation, this embodiment will be described by taking the central angle as 75 ° as an example. When the impedance matching circuit of the feed unit 7 is through, the grounding unit 8 is connected to the conductor 11 through the tuning device, and when the inductance value of the tuning device changes, the frequency corresponding to the S11 and the axial ratio of the antenna can be reduced with the increase of the inductance value of the tuning device, so that tuning can be performed through the tuning device. And whether or not the impedance matching circuit is arranged for the feeding unit 7 does not affect the axial ratio of the antenna.
Fig. 19 is an S11 graph of the antenna in which the central angle of the feeding unit 7 and the grounding unit 8 with respect to the center of the circuit board 2 is smaller than 90 ° and the tuning device has different inductance values, and the impedance matching circuit of the feeding unit 7 is through, and fig. 19 specifically shows an S11 curve of the antenna in the case where the central angle is 75 °, as shown in fig. 19, curve q represents the antenna S11 when the inductance value of the tuning device is 0, curve r represents the antenna S11 when the inductance value of the tuning device is 3nH, and curve S represents the antenna S11 when the inductance value of the tuning device is 4.5nH, whereby it is known that as the inductance value of the tuning device increases, the S11 corresponding frequency of the resonance point of the curve gradually decreases, that is, tuning can be achieved by the tuning device.
Fig. 20 is an axial ratio graph of the antenna in the case where the central angles of the feeding unit 7 and the grounding unit 8 with respect to the center of the circuit board 2 are smaller than 90 ° and the tuning device has different inductance values, and the impedance matching circuit of the feeding unit 7 is through, and fig. 20 specifically shows an axial ratio graph of the antenna in the case where the central angle is 75 °, as shown in fig. 20, curve t represents the axial ratio of the antenna in the case where the inductance value of the tuning device is 0, curve u represents the axial ratio of the antenna in the case where the inductance value of the tuning device is 3nH, and curve v represents the axial ratio of the antenna in the case where the inductance value of the tuning device is 6 nH.
Fig. 21 is an S11 graph of the antenna when the central angle of the feeding unit 7 and the grounding unit 8 is smaller than 90 ° with respect to the center of the circuit board 2, and the impedance matching circuit is not through, specifically, fig. 21 shows an S11 curve of the antenna in the case that the central angle is 75 °, as shown in fig. 21, a curve w is an S11 curve in which only the 4.5nH tuning device is configured for the grounding unit 8, a curve x is an S11 curve in which both the 4.5nH tuning device is configured for the grounding unit 8 and the 3.9nH impedance matching circuit is configured for the feeding unit 7, and as can be seen from the comparison of the curve w and the curve x, the S11 of the antenna can be better by configuring the non-through impedance matching circuit, and has lower loss.
Fig. 22 is an axial ratio graph of the antenna when the central angles of the power supply unit 7 and the ground unit 8 are smaller than 90 ° with respect to the center of the circuit board 2, and the impedance matching circuit is not through, specifically, fig. 22 shows an antenna S11 curve in the case where the central angle is 75 °, as shown in fig. 22, curve y is an axial ratio curve in which only the 4.5nH tuning device is configured for the ground unit 8, curve z is an axial ratio curve in which both the 4.5nH tuning device is configured for the ground unit 8 and the 3.9nH impedance matching circuit is configured for the power supply unit 7, and it is known from the comparison of the curve y and the curve z that the curves y and z are completely coincident, that is, whether the impedance matching circuit is configured for the power supply unit 7 does not affect the antenna axial ratio, so that the antenna can realize good elliptical polarization while having a low loss, and has a good positioning accuracy in the satellite positioning function.
Fig. 23 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna when the central angles of the power feeding unit 7 and the ground unit 8 relative to the center of the circuit board 2 are smaller than 90 ° and the ground unit 8 and the power feeding unit 7 are disposed counterclockwise, specifically, fig. 23 shows the current distribution on the circuit board 2 when the central angle is 75 °, as shown in fig. 23, when the ground unit 8 and the power feeding unit 7 are respectively disposed with a tuning device and an impedance matching circuit, the current distribution on the circuit board 2 in the GPS frequency band is disposed counterclockwise, resulting in right-hand elliptical polarization, which can realize a better positioning accuracy in the satellite positioning function.
In yet another embodiment, the central angle of the feeding unit 7 and the grounding unit 8 with respect to the center of the circuit board 2 is greater than 90 ° and less than or equal to 105 °, and the axial ratio frequency point of the antenna is set in the GPS frequency band by the tuning device; the grounding unit 8 and the power supply unit 7 are configured along a second rotation direction to generate right-hand elliptical polarization, or the grounding unit 8 and the power supply unit 7 are configured along a first rotation direction to generate left-hand elliptical polarization; the second direction of rotation is opposite the first direction of rotation. In this embodiment, the first rotation direction is counterclockwise and the second rotation direction is clockwise.
That is, when the central angle between the ground unit 8 and the power supply unit 7 is larger than 90 °, the lowest frequency point of the axial ratio is tuned to the GPS frequency band by the tuning device, so that right-hand elliptical polarization can be generated when the ground unit 8 and the power supply unit 7 are arranged clockwise. This is different from the above-described right-hand elliptical polarization which can be generated when the ground unit 8 and the power supply unit 7 are arranged counterclockwise when the corresponding central angle between the ground unit 8 and the power supply unit 7 is smaller than 90 °.
For convenience of explanation, this embodiment will be described taking this central angle of 105 ° as an example.
Fig. 24 is an axial ratio graph of the antenna in the case where the central angles of the feeding unit 7 and the grounding unit 8 with respect to the center of the circuit board 2 are larger than 90 °, and the tuning device has different inductance values, and specifically, fig. 24 shows an axial ratio graph of the antenna in the case where the above central angle is 105 °. As shown in fig. 24, curve a shows the antenna axis ratio when the inductance value of the tuning device is 0, curve B shows the antenna axis ratio when the inductance value of the tuning device is 3nH, and curve C shows the antenna axis ratio when the inductance value of the tuning device is 7.6 nH. Wherein curve C shows a lower axial ratio in the GPS band.
Fig. 25 is an S11 graph of the antenna when the central angles of the feeding unit 7 and the grounding unit 8 with respect to the center of the circuit board 2 are larger than 90 °, and when the tuning device and the impedance matching circuit are configured, specifically, fig. 25 shows specifically that when the central angle is 105 °, and when the 7.6nH tuning device is configured to the grounding unit 8, the antenna S11 curve when the 4.5nH impedance matching circuit is serially connected to the feeding unit 7 is configured, so that the antenna has better S11.
Fig. 26 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna when the central angles of the feeding unit 7 and the grounding unit 8 with respect to the center of the circuit board 2 are larger than 90 °, and the grounding unit 8 and the feeding unit 7 are arranged clockwise. Specifically, fig. 26 shows the current distribution on the circuit board 2 under the condition that the central angle is 105 °, as shown in fig. 26, when the grounding unit 8 and the feeding unit 7 are respectively configured with a tuning device and an impedance matching circuit, the current distribution on the GPS frequency band circuit board 2 is distributed counterclockwise, so that right-hand elliptical polarization is generated, and better positioning accuracy in the satellite positioning function can be realized.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the same, but rather, various modifications and variations may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (15)

1. An antenna, comprising:
an electric conductor;
a circuit board;
the electric conductor is electrically connected with the circuit board through the feed unit;
the grounding unit is connected with the circuit board through the grounding unit to realize grounding;
the central angles of the feed unit and the grounding unit relative to the center of the circuit board are 75-105 degrees.
2. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the circuit board is connected to the electrical conductor by a plurality of metal connectors, one of the adjacent two metal connectors being the feed element and the other being the ground element.
3. The antenna of claim 2, wherein the metal connector is a screw or a spring.
4. An antenna according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the electrical conductor has a first current path formed on one side of the feed element and the ground element and a second current path formed on the other side of the feed element and the ground element, the first current path being longer than the second current path;
and in the set frequency band, the antenna excites a first resonance at the side where the first current path is located, excites a second resonance at the side where the second current path is located, and the current directions of the first resonance and the second resonance are mutually orthogonal, so that the antenna forms an elliptical polarized antenna.
5. The antenna of claim 4, wherein the set frequency band is 1500MHz to 2200MHz.
6. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the central angle of the feed unit and the ground unit with respect to the center of the circuit board is 90 °.
7. The antenna of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the ground element is connected to the electrical conductor by a tuning device.
8. The antenna according to claim 7, wherein a central angle of the feeding unit and the grounding unit with respect to a center of the circuit board is 75 ° or more and less than 90 °, and an axial ratio frequency point of the antenna is set in a GPS frequency band by the tuning device;
the grounding unit and the feed unit are configured along a first rotation direction to generate right-hand elliptical polarization, or the grounding unit and the feed unit are configured along a second rotation direction to generate left-hand elliptical polarization;
the first direction of rotation is opposite the second direction of rotation.
9. The antenna according to claim 7, wherein a central angle of the feeding unit and the grounding unit with respect to a center of the circuit board is greater than 90 ° and equal to or less than 105 °, and an axial ratio frequency point of the antenna is set in a GPS frequency band by the tuning device;
the grounding unit and the feed unit are configured along a second rotation direction to generate right-hand elliptical polarization, or the grounding unit and the feed unit are configured along a first rotation direction to generate left-hand elliptical polarization;
the second direction of rotation is opposite the first direction of rotation.
10. The antenna of any of claims 7-9, wherein the tuning device is an inductance.
11. An antenna according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that the feed element is connected with an impedance matching circuit.
12. The antenna according to any of claims 1-11, wherein the shape of the electrical conductor and/or the circuit board is circular or polygonal.
13. An antenna according to claim 12, characterized in that the diameter of the electrical conductor and/or the circuit board is greater than 40mm.
14. An electronic device comprising the antenna of any one of claims 1-13.
15. The electronic device of claim 14, wherein the electronic device comprises a metal bezel that is at least partially the electrical conductor.
CN202211124604.8A 2022-09-15 2022-09-15 Antenna and electronic equipment Pending CN117748094A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202211124604.8A CN117748094A (en) 2022-09-15 2022-09-15 Antenna and electronic equipment
PCT/CN2023/116725 WO2024055857A1 (en) 2022-09-15 2023-09-04 Antenna and electronic device

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202211124604.8A CN117748094A (en) 2022-09-15 2022-09-15 Antenna and electronic equipment

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US6809686B2 (en) * 2002-06-17 2004-10-26 Andrew Corporation Multi-band antenna
KR102591805B1 (en) * 2016-11-04 2023-10-23 삼성전자주식회사 Antenna for Wearable Device
CN111916898A (en) * 2020-08-18 2020-11-10 安徽华米信息科技有限公司 Circularly polarized antenna structure and intelligent wearable device
CN212626049U (en) * 2020-09-29 2021-02-26 安徽华米信息科技有限公司 Circularly polarized antenna and wearable equipment
CN113258252A (en) * 2021-05-19 2021-08-13 普尔思（苏州）无线通讯产品有限公司 Antenna structure and communication device
CN219419508U (en) * 2022-12-21 2023-07-25 安徽华米信息科技有限公司 Circularly polarized antenna system and wearable device

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