WO2024014971A1 - System for extracting hot gases from upper part of glass furnace regenerator chambers and method of regulating parameters of hot gases drawn from upper parts of regenerator chambers - Google Patents

System for extracting hot gases from upper part of glass furnace regenerator chambers and method of regulating parameters of hot gases drawn from upper parts of regenerator chambers Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024014971A1
WO2024014971A1 PCT/PL2023/050056 PL2023050056W WO2024014971A1 WO 2024014971 A1 WO2024014971 A1 WO 2024014971A1 PL 2023050056 W PL2023050056 W PL 2023050056W WO 2024014971 A1 WO2024014971 A1 WO 2024014971A1
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Prior art keywords
hot gases
gas
hot
diluting
control
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PCT/PL2023/050056
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Piotr Knast
Leszek Jedrzejczyk
Krzysztof Zomerski
Robert WENC
Marian Klisch
Andrzej Dylag
Original Assignee
Forglass Engineering spolka z ograniczona odpowiedzialnoscia
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Publication of WO2024014971A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024014971A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
    • C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
    • C03B5/235—Heating the glass
    • C03B5/237—Regenerators or recuperators specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to the field of the glass industry and to heat recovery in the glass production process. More specifically, the object of the invention is a system for extracting hot gases from the upper part of the regenerator chambers and a method for controlling and regulating the parameters of the extracted gases.
  • the invention is particularly applicable to regenerative glass furnaces.
  • UK patent application GB2191544A discloses a device and method for recovering some of the waste heat generated in a high-temperature industrial process, such as a glass melting furnace, where the furnace has at least a pair of regenerators that are alternately used to preheat the combustion air and serve as a means of storing the heat from the hot flue gases.
  • the hot flue gases from the process are passed through a heat exchanger, where the heat is indirectly transferred to clean compressed air at 100 psi from a Brayton cycle energy recovery system compressor, with the hot compressed air being expanded in a high-efficiency turbine.
  • US patent application US4516934A discloses a method of extracting clean hot gases from a reversible regenerative furnace comprising: a pair of regenerators for preheating combustion air on the inlet side and extracting heat from the exhaust gases on the outlet side, comprising the steps of providing a duct extending between the upper inlet side of the air and the upper outlet side of the furnace regenerators and passing the air in the duct to a heat utilisation system to recover heat from that air.
  • the invention relates to the use of furnace combustion air heating equipment, i.e., regenerators, to recover waste heat in the form of a clean hot air stream for use in auxiliary heat recovery equipment.
  • the objective of the invention is to propose a solution that allows hot gases to be extracted with simultaneous control of their parameters.
  • a system for extracting hot gases from an upper part of chambers of a regenerator of a glass furnace comprising: a plurality of hot gas intake ducts connected to the upper part of the r chambers of the regenerator, a connecting manifold connected to the hot gas intake ducts, a main duct connected to the connecting manifold, a means for forcing a flow of hot gases from the upper parts of the chambers of the regenerator, a system for measuring the flow rate of the hot gases that are taken from the upper parts of the chambers of the regenerator, a system for measuring the temperature of the hot gases that are taken from the upper parts of the chambers of the regenerator, a control system suitable for controlling and regulating the parameters of the gases extracted, comprising at least a microprocessor, a memory and an input/output system, wherein the system further comprises an at least one control and shut-off valve for controlling the direction and flow rate of the hot gases extracted from the upper part of the chamber of the regenerator, and wherein the control
  • an inlet of the hot gas intake duct in the upper part of the chambers is located on an impact wall or on a side wall or a vault of the regenerator.
  • the at least one control and shut-off valve is either a flap or gate or damper.
  • the system comprises a at least one gas diluting element adapted to inject into the system a diluting gas at a temperature lower than the temperature of the hot gases drawn.
  • the gas diluting element may constitute holes made in the wall of the hot gas intake ducts.
  • an injector acts as a gas diluting element.
  • the means of forcing the flow of hot gases is an extraction fan.
  • the means of forcing the flow of hot gases is an injector.
  • the extraction fan may be located in a track of the main duct.
  • the injector is disposed in the hot gas intake duct, either behind or upstream of the control and shut-off valve.
  • the at least one control and shut-off valve can be made of refractory materials or steel or metal alloys or cast iron, suitable for high temperatures.
  • the system comprises the at least one control and shut-off valve disposed in each of the hot gas intake ducts.
  • the system includes the at least one control and shut-off valve disposed in the connecting manifold.
  • the flow rate of the diluting gas is realised by controlling one or more valves, which are control and shut-off valves.
  • the flow rate of the diluting gas is realised by controlling the speed of a device that injects the diluting gas into the hot gas diluting element.
  • the diluting gas is atmospheric air at the ambient temperature of a furnace or steam or another gas.
  • the temperature of the hot gases taken, after adjusting the parameters with the diluting gas is in the range of 200° C to 1300 C°
  • the forcing of the flow of hot gases is carried out by the means for forcing the flow of hot gases in the form of either an extraction fan or an injector or both.
  • control system controls and regulates the flow rate and temperature parameters of the hot gas intake using a PID controller system.
  • the invention presented here makes it possible to increase the efficiency of heat exchange in the furnace, especially in the glass industry. Heated combustion air or hot flue gases or a mixture of both are drawn from the upper parts of the regenerator chambers, and their intensity and/or temperature is adjusted to the desired one so that they can be used for further purposes.
  • Fig. 1 - shows a cross-section of a chamber of a regenerator with different options for the location of a hot gas intake duct
  • Fig. 2 - shows a first embodiment of a cross-section in top view
  • Fig. 3 - shows a second embodiment of a cross-section in top view
  • Fig. 4 - shows a third embodiment of a cross-section in top view
  • Fig. 5 - shows the third embodiment of a cross-sectional top view with a control and shut-off valve in a connecting manifold.
  • the present invention is applicable to regenerative glass furnaces which have at least one regenerator.
  • This can be, for example, a U-flame furnace having one regenerator with two regeneration chambers or a cross-flame furnace having two regenerators with one or more regeneration chambers in each regenerator.
  • the combustion air flows through a chamber 3 of a regenerator, taking the heat accumulated in a grid 2, towards a fire space 8, and in the reverse cycle, the hot flue gases pass from the fire space 8 towards the chamber 3 of the regenerator and give some of their heat to the grid 2 of the regenerator.
  • the regenerator has at least two chambers.
  • the hot gases are the heated combustion air B on the combustion air feed cycle or the hot exhaust gas D on the exhaust gas extraction cycle or, in the case of simultaneous intake from at least one chamber operating on the air feed cycle and at least one chamber operating on the exhaust gas extraction cycle, a mixture of the heated combustion air B and the hot exhaust gas D.
  • Fig. 1 shows possible configurations for the location of hot gas intake duct 5. Part of the heated combustion air A is discharged through the hot gas intake duct 5, the inlet of which in this embodiment is located on an impact wall 20. In other embodiments, the inlet of the hot gas intake duct 5 is located on a side wall 21 or on a vault 17 of the regenerator.
  • a first embodiment of the invention is shown in Fig. 2 and discloses a system comprising at least one hot gas intake duct 5 connected to the upper part of each of the two chambers 3 of the regenerator, a connecting manifold 7, which is a connector of all the hot gas intake ducts 5, a main duct 18 connected to the connecting manifold 7 and a means for forcing the flow of hot gases to the upper parts of the chambers 3 of the regenerator.
  • the system for extracting hot gases also includes control and measuring elements, i.e.
  • a control system adapted to control and regulate the parameters of the gases taken comprising at least a microprocessor, a memory and an input-output system.
  • each hot gas intake duct 5 there is at least one control and shut-off valve 6 for controlling the direction and flow rate of the gases.
  • the object of the invention discloses the control system configured to regulate the flow rate and/or temperature of hot gases by the control and shut-off valves 6 and by the means for forcing the flow of hot gases.
  • the hot gas intake ducts 5 and the control and shut-off valves 6 are made of refractory materials, capable of operating at high temperatures in the range of 1000° C to 1600° C and/or heat resistant, made of steel, metal alloys or cast iron.
  • they may be constructed of heat-resistant material along their entire length or partially, where such material is used along a certain length of the hot gas intake duct 5, where the temperature is highest, before the hot gases are diluted.
  • the hot gas intake ducts 5 are connected to the upper parts of the chambers 3 of the regenerator, which upper parts of the chambers 3 of the regenerator are above the grid 2 in the regenerator and have the highest temperatures.
  • the control and shut-off valve 6 is a flap whose role is to control the flow rate and the direction of this flow.
  • the control and shut-off valves 6 are equipped with limit switches and a positioner, which enable the flaps to be set to intermediate positions as well as to limit positions.
  • the control and shut-off valve 6 is either a gate or a butterfly valve.
  • a gas diluting element 14 i.e., the injection of the diluting gas C
  • the system includes a gas diluting element 14, which in this embodiment acts as a back-up element in case of failure of the injector 15.
  • the injected diluting gas C is at a temperature lower than the temperature of the drawn hot gases. Its function is to reduce the temperature of the hot gases to temperatures in the range 200° C-13OO 0 C. The temperature of the hot gases, after dilution, depends on the subsequent processes in which the gases will be used, after leaving the system for extracting hot gases.
  • the means for forcing the flow of hot gases is the injector 15, which is supplied with air or gas compressed by a fan, compressor, or other pump.
  • the injector 15 is located in the hot gas intake duct 5, in this embodiment behind the control and shut-off valve 6.
  • the system further comprises measurement components, including a system for measuring the flow rate and a system for measuring the temperature of the hot gas taken from the regenerator.
  • a typical system for measuring the flow rate is built up of a measuring tube - a Venturi tube or disc-shaped measuring orifice with a differential pressure transducer 9, pressure impulse lines, a temperature transducer 12 - measuring the temperature in the hot gas intake duct 5 and a microprocessor calculator, converting the flow rate from operating conditions to normal conditions.
  • the measuring elements are a standpipe, or Prandtl tube, with a stub and a reference pressure transducer 10 mounted on it, a differential pressure transducer 11 connected to the standpipe, and pressure impulse lines between the stubs and the transducers.
  • the system for measuring temperature includes a measuring probe in the form of a thermocouple, which is connected to a suitable transmitter (pressure, temperature, or reference pressure).
  • a suitable transmitter pressure, temperature, or reference pressure
  • the system for measuring temperature is built with a measuring probe in the form of a resistance sensor, which is connected to a suitable transmitter (pressure, temperature, or reference pressure).
  • Controls are used to regulate the flow rate and/or temperature, including a PID controller circuit, which is implemented in a microprocessor chip.
  • the PID controller circuit is built on the principle of a cascade system which allows control of a system where there is delay as well as inertia.
  • Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of the system, which is the subject of the invention.
  • the means for forcing the flow of hot gases is an extraction fan 16, otherwise known as an exhauster, which is positioned in the path of the main duct 18 and causes the gases to be drawn from the regenerator.
  • the system comprises a gas diluting element 14 which injects or sucks a diluting gas C into the hot gas intake duct 5, which has a temperature lower than the temperature of the hot gases being taken, and reduces its temperature to temperatures in the range 200° C-13OO 0 C.
  • the temperature of the hot gases, after dilution, depends on the further processes in which the gases will be used, after leaving the system.
  • the gas dilution element 14 is, in this embodiment, in the form of one or more holes made in a wall of the hot gas intake ducts 5. Through these holes the diluting gas C is injected or sucked.
  • the compressed diluting gas C is injected by a fan or a compressor.
  • the at least one control and shut-off valve 6 is positioned in the at least one hot gas intake duct 5 downstream of the injector 15.
  • the control and shut-off valve 6 is positioned downstream of the injector 15 in the connecting manifold 7 and acts as a common control and shut-off valve 6 for all hot gas intake ducts 5 and operates on the principle of a multi-way valve.
  • the function of the means for forcing the flow of hot gases is performed by the injector 15. In addition to this function, it also acts as the gas dilution element 14.
  • a circumferential injector 15 is used, positioned at the periphery of the hot gas intake duct 5, which provides the possibility of feeding the diluting gas C along the periphery.
  • the subject of the application discloses a method of regulating the parameters of the hot gases drawn from the furnace, using the system for extracting the hot gases described in detail above.
  • the method comprises the following steps: a) hot gases are drawn from the upper parts of the r chambers 3 of the regenerator, thereby forcing their flow by the means for forcing the flow of hot gases, b) the flow rate of the hot gases taken in is regulated by the control and shut-off valves 6, the gas dilution element 14 and the means for forcing the flow of hot gases, c) the temperature of the hot gases taken from the upper parts of the chambers 3 of the regenerator is regulated by adjusting the flow rate of the diluting gas C by means of either the hot gas diluting element 14 or the injector 15 acting as the hot gas diluting element 14,
  • the hot gases described in the method are flue gas D or heated combustion air B or a mixture of heated combustion air B and flue gas D.
  • the system described above is adapted to regulate the flow rate and/or temperature of the hot gases.
  • the actuators regulating the flow rate of the hot gas extracted are the extraction fan, the injector 15 and the control and shut-off valve 6.
  • the regulation of the extraction fan 16 and the injector 15 depends on the frequency change of the control inverter, and the regulation of the control and shut-off valve 6 depends on the control of its position.
  • Adjusting the temperature of the hot gas drawn leads to a gas with a temperature in the range 200° C- 1300° C, which depends on the top-down need where the gas will be used next.
  • the desired temperature is obtained when the hot gas drawn is mixed with an appropriate proportion of diluting gas C.
  • the diluting gas C can be atmospheric air, steam, or another gas.
  • the appropriate proportion of diluting gas C is obtained by varying the flow rate of this gas.
  • the diluting element 14 is used in the form of one or more holes in the wall of the hot gas intake duct 5
  • the regulation is realised by controlling the control and shut-off valves 6.
  • the regulation is realised by controlling the speed of the device which forces the diluting gas C into the injector 15.
  • the amount of hot gas extracted from the upper parts of the regenerator chambers depends on the availability of these gases in the chambers and the needs of the plant into which the hot gas goes after passing through the disclosed system. Ultimately, the hot gas after passing through the system may be needed to carry out further processes in heat exchange, to be used as combustion air or to heat the combustion air of other furnace burners.
  • the hot gas parameters are regulated: temperature and flow rate.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Glass Melting And Manufacturing (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates generally to the field of the glass industry and to heat recovery in the glass production process. More specifically, the object of the invention is a system for extracting hot gases from an upper part of chambers of a regenerator and a method for controlling and regulating the parameters of the extracted gases. The system comprises an at least one control and shut-off valve (6) for controlling the direction and flow rate of the gases being located in each of the hot gas intake ducts (5), and a control system configured to regulate the flow rate and/or temperature of the hot gases by means of the control and shut-off valves (6), and the means for forcing the flow of hot gases. The method of regulating the parameters of hot gases consists in regulating the flow rate of the hot gases drawn by means of hot gas control and shut-off valves (6), a gas diluting element (14) and a means for forcing a flow of hot gases, and in regulating the temperature of the hot gases drawn from the upper parts of the chambers (3) of the regenerator by regulating the flow rate of a diluting gas (C) by the hot gas diluting element (14).

Description

System for extracting hot gases from upper part of glass furnace regenerator chambers and method of regulating parameters of hot gases drawn from upper parts of regenerator chambers
Technical Field
The invention relates generally to the field of the glass industry and to heat recovery in the glass production process. More specifically, the object of the invention is a system for extracting hot gases from the upper part of the regenerator chambers and a method for controlling and regulating the parameters of the extracted gases. The invention is particularly applicable to regenerative glass furnaces.
Background art
It is common in the state of the art to recover waste heat from the flue gas. This heat is most often used within the glass furnace, for example to heat the batch material or to increase the temperature of the combustion air at the entrance to the furnace. Less frequently, this heat is used for other purposes outside the furnace.
UK patent application GB2191544A discloses a device and method for recovering some of the waste heat generated in a high-temperature industrial process, such as a glass melting furnace, where the furnace has at least a pair of regenerators that are alternately used to preheat the combustion air and serve as a means of storing the heat from the hot flue gases. The hot flue gases from the process are passed through a heat exchanger, where the heat is indirectly transferred to clean compressed air at 100 psi from a Brayton cycle energy recovery system compressor, with the hot compressed air being expanded in a high-efficiency turbine.
US patent application US4516934A discloses a method of extracting clean hot gases from a reversible regenerative furnace comprising: a pair of regenerators for preheating combustion air on the inlet side and extracting heat from the exhaust gases on the outlet side, comprising the steps of providing a duct extending between the upper inlet side of the air and the upper outlet side of the furnace regenerators and passing the air in the duct to a heat utilisation system to recover heat from that air. The invention relates to the use of furnace combustion air heating equipment, i.e., regenerators, to recover waste heat in the form of a clean hot air stream for use in auxiliary heat recovery equipment.
Known solutions for hot gas intake do not, however, provide full control of the parameters of the gases taken.
There is therefore a need to develop a solution to make more efficient use of waste heat. Summary of invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a solution that allows hot gases to be extracted with simultaneous control of their parameters.
According to the invention, there is provided a system for extracting hot gases from an upper part of chambers of a regenerator of a glass furnace, comprising: a plurality of hot gas intake ducts connected to the upper part of the r chambers of the regenerator, a connecting manifold connected to the hot gas intake ducts, a main duct connected to the connecting manifold, a means for forcing a flow of hot gases from the upper parts of the chambers of the regenerator, a system for measuring the flow rate of the hot gases that are taken from the upper parts of the chambers of the regenerator, a system for measuring the temperature of the hot gases that are taken from the upper parts of the chambers of the regenerator, a control system suitable for controlling and regulating the parameters of the gases extracted, comprising at least a microprocessor, a memory and an input/output system, wherein the system further comprises an at least one control and shut-off valve for controlling the direction and flow rate of the hot gases extracted from the upper part of the chamber of the regenerator, and wherein the control system is configured to regulate the flow rate and/or temperature of the hot gases by the control and shut-off valves and by the means for forcing the flow of hot gases.
In one embodiment, an inlet of the hot gas intake duct in the upper part of the chambers is located on an impact wall or on a side wall or a vault of the regenerator.
In another embodiment, the at least one control and shut-off valve is either a flap or gate or damper.
In another embodiment, the system comprises a at least one gas diluting element adapted to inject into the system a diluting gas at a temperature lower than the temperature of the hot gases drawn.
The gas diluting element may constitute holes made in the wall of the hot gas intake ducts.
In yet another embodiment, an injector acts as a gas diluting element.
In one embodiment, the means of forcing the flow of hot gases is an extraction fan.
In another embodiment, the means of forcing the flow of hot gases is an injector.
The extraction fan may be located in a track of the main duct.
Advantageously, the injector is disposed in the hot gas intake duct, either behind or upstream of the control and shut-off valve.
The at least one control and shut-off valve can be made of refractory materials or steel or metal alloys or cast iron, suitable for high temperatures. Advantageously, the system comprises the at least one control and shut-off valve disposed in each of the hot gas intake ducts.
In one embodiment, the system includes the at least one control and shut-off valve disposed in the connecting manifold.
According to the invention, there is also provide a method of regulating the parameters of hot gases drawn from a regenerative glass furnace by a system for extracting hot gases, said method comprising the following steps:
(a) drawing hot gases from upper parts of chambers of a regenerator, thereby forcing their flow by a means for forcing a flow of hot gases,
(b) regulating the flow rate of the hot gases taken in by control and shut-off valves, a gas diluting element, and the means for forcing the flow of hot gases,
(c) regulating the temperature of the hot gases drawn from the upper parts of the chambers of the regenerator by adjusting the flow rate of the diluting gas, by means of a hot gas diluting element or an injector acting as a hot gas diluting element, wherein the hot gases are flue gases or heated combustion air or a mixture of heated combustion air and flue gases.
Advantageously, in the case of the gas diluting element in the form of holes in the hot gas intake duct, the flow rate of the diluting gas is realised by controlling one or more valves, which are control and shut-off valves.
In one embodiment, wherein the injector acts as the gas diluting element, the flow rate of the diluting gas is realised by controlling the speed of a device that injects the diluting gas into the hot gas diluting element.
The diluting gas is atmospheric air at the ambient temperature of a furnace or steam or another gas.
Advantageously, the temperature of the hot gases taken, after adjusting the parameters with the diluting gas, is in the range of 200° C to 1300 C°
In one embodiment, the forcing of the flow of hot gases is carried out by the means for forcing the flow of hot gases in the form of either an extraction fan or an injector or both.
Advantageously, the control system controls and regulates the flow rate and temperature parameters of the hot gas intake using a PID controller system. Advantageous effects of invention
The invention presented here makes it possible to increase the efficiency of heat exchange in the furnace, especially in the glass industry. Heated combustion air or hot flue gases or a mixture of both are drawn from the upper parts of the regenerator chambers, and their intensity and/or temperature is adjusted to the desired one so that they can be used for further purposes.
Brief description of drawings
The invention will be set out below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 - shows a cross-section of a chamber of a regenerator with different options for the location of a hot gas intake duct,
Fig. 2 - shows a first embodiment of a cross-section in top view,
Fig. 3 - shows a second embodiment of a cross-section in top view,
Fig. 4 - shows a third embodiment of a cross-section in top view,
Fig. 5 - shows the third embodiment of a cross-sectional top view with a control and shut-off valve in a connecting manifold.
Detailed description of preferred embodiments
With reference to the attached Figs. 1-5, the technical aspects of a system for extracting hot gases and a method of regulating of parameters of hot gases will be explained.
The present invention is applicable to regenerative glass furnaces which have at least one regenerator. This can be, for example, a U-flame furnace having one regenerator with two regeneration chambers or a cross-flame furnace having two regenerators with one or more regeneration chambers in each regenerator.
In a typical glass furnace regenerator, the combustion air flows through a chamber 3 of a regenerator, taking the heat accumulated in a grid 2, towards a fire space 8, and in the reverse cycle, the hot flue gases pass from the fire space 8 towards the chamber 3 of the regenerator and give some of their heat to the grid 2 of the regenerator.
In the presented embodiments, the regenerator has at least two chambers. The hot gases are the heated combustion air B on the combustion air feed cycle or the hot exhaust gas D on the exhaust gas extraction cycle or, in the case of simultaneous intake from at least one chamber operating on the air feed cycle and at least one chamber operating on the exhaust gas extraction cycle, a mixture of the heated combustion air B and the hot exhaust gas D. Fig. 1 shows possible configurations for the location of hot gas intake duct 5. Part of the heated combustion air A is discharged through the hot gas intake duct 5, the inlet of which in this embodiment is located on an impact wall 20. In other embodiments, the inlet of the hot gas intake duct 5 is located on a side wall 21 or on a vault 17 of the regenerator.
I Embodiment
A first embodiment of the invention is shown in Fig. 2 and discloses a system comprising at least one hot gas intake duct 5 connected to the upper part of each of the two chambers 3 of the regenerator, a connecting manifold 7, which is a connector of all the hot gas intake ducts 5, a main duct 18 connected to the connecting manifold 7 and a means for forcing the flow of hot gases to the upper parts of the chambers 3 of the regenerator. The system for extracting hot gases also includes control and measuring elements, i.e. a system for measuring the flow rate of the hot gases that are taken from the upper parts of the chambers 3 of the regenerator, a system for measuring the temperature of the hot gases that are taken from the upper parts of the chambers 3 of the regenerator and a control system adapted to control and regulate the parameters of the gases taken, comprising at least a microprocessor, a memory and an input-output system. In each hot gas intake duct 5 there is at least one control and shut-off valve 6 for controlling the direction and flow rate of the gases.
The object of the invention discloses the control system configured to regulate the flow rate and/or temperature of hot gases by the control and shut-off valves 6 and by the means for forcing the flow of hot gases. The hot gas intake ducts 5 and the control and shut-off valves 6 are made of refractory materials, capable of operating at high temperatures in the range of 1000° C to 1600° C and/or heat resistant, made of steel, metal alloys or cast iron. In the case of hot gas intake ducts 5, they may be constructed of heat-resistant material along their entire length or partially, where such material is used along a certain length of the hot gas intake duct 5, where the temperature is highest, before the hot gases are diluted. The hot gas intake ducts 5 are connected to the upper parts of the chambers 3 of the regenerator, which upper parts of the chambers 3 of the regenerator are above the grid 2 in the regenerator and have the highest temperatures. In this embodiment, the control and shut-off valve 6 is a flap whose role is to control the flow rate and the direction of this flow. The control and shut-off valves 6 are equipped with limit switches and a positioner, which enable the flaps to be set to intermediate positions as well as to limit positions. In other embodiments, the control and shut-off valve 6 is either a gate or a butterfly valve.
In this embodiment, shown in Fig. 2, the function of a gas diluting element 14, i.e., the injection of the diluting gas C, is performed by an injector 15, which in this embodiment introduces the gas by streaming. The system includes a gas diluting element 14, which in this embodiment acts as a back-up element in case of failure of the injector 15. The injected diluting gas C is at a temperature lower than the temperature of the drawn hot gases. Its function is to reduce the temperature of the hot gases to temperatures in the range 200° C-13OO0 C. The temperature of the hot gases, after dilution, depends on the subsequent processes in which the gases will be used, after leaving the system for extracting hot gases. Fans, compressors or filled tanks holding the diluting gas are used to inject the diluting air C. In this embodiment, the means for forcing the flow of hot gases is the injector 15, which is supplied with air or gas compressed by a fan, compressor, or other pump. The injector 15 is located in the hot gas intake duct 5, in this embodiment behind the control and shut-off valve 6.
The system further comprises measurement components, including a system for measuring the flow rate and a system for measuring the temperature of the hot gas taken from the regenerator. A typical system for measuring the flow rate is built up of a measuring tube - a Venturi tube or disc-shaped measuring orifice with a differential pressure transducer 9, pressure impulse lines, a temperature transducer 12 - measuring the temperature in the hot gas intake duct 5 and a microprocessor calculator, converting the flow rate from operating conditions to normal conditions. In another variant, the measuring elements are a standpipe, or Prandtl tube, with a stub and a reference pressure transducer 10 mounted on it, a differential pressure transducer 11 connected to the standpipe, and pressure impulse lines between the stubs and the transducers. The system for measuring temperature includes a measuring probe in the form of a thermocouple, which is connected to a suitable transmitter (pressure, temperature, or reference pressure). In another embodiment, the system for measuring temperature is built with a measuring probe in the form of a resistance sensor, which is connected to a suitable transmitter (pressure, temperature, or reference pressure).
Controls are used to regulate the flow rate and/or temperature, including a PID controller circuit, which is implemented in a microprocessor chip. The PID controller circuit is built on the principle of a cascade system which allows control of a system where there is delay as well as inertia.
II Embodiment
Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of the system, which is the subject of the invention. In this embodiment, the means for forcing the flow of hot gases is an extraction fan 16, otherwise known as an exhauster, which is positioned in the path of the main duct 18 and causes the gases to be drawn from the regenerator.
In this embodiment, shown in Fig. 3, the system comprises a gas diluting element 14 which injects or sucks a diluting gas C into the hot gas intake duct 5, which has a temperature lower than the temperature of the hot gases being taken, and reduces its temperature to temperatures in the range 200° C-13OO0 C. The temperature of the hot gases, after dilution, depends on the further processes in which the gases will be used, after leaving the system. The gas dilution element 14 is, in this embodiment, in the form of one or more holes made in a wall of the hot gas intake ducts 5. Through these holes the diluting gas C is injected or sucked. In another embodiment, the compressed diluting gas C is injected by a fan or a compressor.
Other components of the system such as the hot gas intake duct 5, the connecting manifold 7, the main duct 18, the system for measuring the flow rare, the system for measuring the temperature of the hot gas taken from the regenerator and the control system are the same and perform the same functions as those presented in I Embodiment.
Ill Embodiment
In a third embodiment, shown in Fig. 4, the at least one control and shut-off valve 6 is positioned in the at least one hot gas intake duct 5 downstream of the injector 15. In another embodiment, shown in Fig. 5, the control and shut-off valve 6 is positioned downstream of the injector 15 in the connecting manifold 7 and acts as a common control and shut-off valve 6 for all hot gas intake ducts 5 and operates on the principle of a multi-way valve. The function of the means for forcing the flow of hot gases is performed by the injector 15. In addition to this function, it also acts as the gas dilution element 14. In this example, a circumferential injector 15 is used, positioned at the periphery of the hot gas intake duct 5, which provides the possibility of feeding the diluting gas C along the periphery.
Other components of the system such as the hot gas intake duct 5, the connecting manifold 7, the main duct 18, the system for measuring the flow rate, the system for measuring the temperature of the hot gas taken from the regenerator and the control system are the same and perform the same functions as those presented in I Embodiment.
The subject of the application discloses a method of regulating the parameters of the hot gases drawn from the furnace, using the system for extracting the hot gases described in detail above. The method comprises the following steps: a) hot gases are drawn from the upper parts of the r chambers 3 of the regenerator, thereby forcing their flow by the means for forcing the flow of hot gases, b) the flow rate of the hot gases taken in is regulated by the control and shut-off valves 6, the gas dilution element 14 and the means for forcing the flow of hot gases, c) the temperature of the hot gases taken from the upper parts of the chambers 3 of the regenerator is regulated by adjusting the flow rate of the diluting gas C by means of either the hot gas diluting element 14 or the injector 15 acting as the hot gas diluting element 14, The hot gases described in the method are flue gas D or heated combustion air B or a mixture of heated combustion air B and flue gas D.
The system described above is adapted to regulate the flow rate and/or temperature of the hot gases. Depending on the embodiment, the actuators regulating the flow rate of the hot gas extracted are the extraction fan, the injector 15 and the control and shut-off valve 6. The regulation of the extraction fan 16 and the injector 15 depends on the frequency change of the control inverter, and the regulation of the control and shut-off valve 6 depends on the control of its position.
Adjusting the temperature of the hot gas drawn leads to a gas with a temperature in the range 200° C- 1300° C, which depends on the top-down need where the gas will be used next. The desired temperature is obtained when the hot gas drawn is mixed with an appropriate proportion of diluting gas C. The diluting gas C can be atmospheric air, steam, or another gas. The appropriate proportion of diluting gas C is obtained by varying the flow rate of this gas. In the case where the diluting element 14 is used in the form of one or more holes in the wall of the hot gas intake duct 5, the regulation is realised by controlling the control and shut-off valves 6. In the second case, where the diluting element 14 functions as the injector 15, the regulation is realised by controlling the speed of the device which forces the diluting gas C into the injector 15.
The amount of hot gas extracted from the upper parts of the regenerator chambers depends on the availability of these gases in the chambers and the needs of the plant into which the hot gas goes after passing through the disclosed system. Ultimately, the hot gas after passing through the system may be needed to carry out further processes in heat exchange, to be used as combustion air or to heat the combustion air of other furnace burners. By means of measurement elements and control elements in the form of a PID controller system, the hot gas parameters are regulated: temperature and flow rate.

Claims

Claims A system for extracting hot gases from an upper part of chambers (3) of a regenerator of a glass furnace, comprising: plurality of hot gas intake ducts (5) connected to the upper part of the chambers (3) of the regenerator, a connecting manifold (7) connected to the hot gas intake ducts (5), a main duct (18) connected to the connecting manifold (7), a means of forcing a flow of hot gases from the upper parts of the chambers of the regenerator, a system for measuring the flow rate of hot gases that are drawn from the upper parts of the chambers (3) of the regenerator, a system for measuring the temperature of the hot gases that are taken from the upper chambers (3) of the regenerator, a control system suitable for controlling and regulating the parameters of the gases extracted, comprising at least a microprocessor, a memory and an input-output system, characterised in that said system comprises an at least one control and shut-off valve (6) to control the direction and flow rate of the hot gases drawn from the upper chamber (3) of the regenerator, and in that the control system is configured to regulate the flow rate and/or temperature of the hot gases by the control and shut-off valves (6) and by the means for forcing the flow of hot gases. The system according to claim 1, characterised in that an inlet of the hot gas intake duct (5) in the upper part of the chambers (3) is located on an impact wall (20) or on a side wall (21) or on a vault (17) of the regenerator. The system according to claim 1, characterised in that the at least one control and shut-off valve (6) is a flap or gate or damper. The system according to claim 1, characterised in that it comprises an at least one gas diluting element (14) adapted to inject into the system a diluting gas (C) at a temperature lower than the temperature of the hot gases to be extracted. The system according to claim 4, characterised in that the gas diluting element (14) constitute holes made in the wall of the hot gas intake ducts (5). The system according to claim 4, characterised in that an injector (15) acts as the gas diluting element (14). The system according to claim 1, characterised in that the means for forcing the flow of hot gases is an extraction fan (16). The system according to claim 1, characterised in that the means for forcing the flow of hot gases is an injector (15). The system according to claim 7, characterised in that the extraction fan is located in a track of the main duct (18). The system according to claim 7, characterised in that the injector (15) is disposed in the hot gas intake duct (5), either behind or in front of the control and shut-off valve (6). The system according to claims 1 or 3, characterised in that the at least one control and shutoff valve (6) is made of refractory materials or steel or metal alloys or cast iron suitable for operation at high temperatures. The system according to claims 1, 3 or 11, characterised in that it comprises the at least one control and shut-off valve (6) disposed in each of the hot gas intake ducts (5). The system according to claims 1, 3, 11 or 12, characterised in that it comprises the at least one control and shut-off valve (6) disposed in the connecting manifold (7). A method of regulating parameters of hot gases drawn from a regenerative glass furnace by means of a system according to claims 1-13, comprising the following steps: a) drawing hot gases from upper parts of chambers (3) of a regenerator, thereby forcing their flow by a means for forcing a flow of hot gases, characterised by b) regulating the flow rate of the hot gases taken in by control and shut-off valves (6), a gas diluting element (14) and the means for forcing the flow of hot gases, c) regulating the temperature of the hot gases taken from the upper parts of the chambers (3) of the regenerator by adjusting the flow rate of the diluting gas (C), by means of a hot gas diluting element (14) or an injector (15) acting as a hot gas diluting element (14), where the hot gases are flue gases (D) or heated combustion air (B) or a mixture of heated combustion air (B) and flue gases (D). The method according to claim 14, characterised in that, in the case of the gas dilution element (14) in the form of holes in a hot gas intake duct (5), the flow rate of the diluting gas (C) is realised by controlling one or more valves, which are the control and shut-off valves (6). The method according to claim 14, characterised in that when the injector (15) acts as the gas diluting element (14), the flow rate of the diluting gas (C) is realised by controlling the rotational speed of a device that forces the diluting gas (C) into the hot gas diluting element (14). The method according to claim 14, characterised in that the diluting gas (C) is atmospheric air at the ambient temperature of a furnace or steam or another gas. The method according to claims 14 or 17, characterised that that the temperature of the extracted hot gases after adjustment of the parameters with the diluting gas (C), is in the range from 200° C to 1300° C. The method according to claim 14, characterised in that the forcing of the flow of hot gases is realised by the means for forcing the flow of hot gases in the form of an extraction fan (16) or an injector (15) or both. The method according to claim 14, characterised in that the control system controls and regulates the flow rate and temperature parameters of the hot gas intake using a PID controller system.
PCT/PL2023/050056 2022-07-11 2023-07-11 System for extracting hot gases from upper part of glass furnace regenerator chambers and method of regulating parameters of hot gases drawn from upper parts of regenerator chambers WO2024014971A1 (en)

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PL441694A PL441694A1 (en) 2022-07-11 2022-07-11 System for collecting hot gases from the upper part of the regenerator chambers of a glass furnace and method for regulating the parameters of hot gases taken from the upper parts of the regenerator chambers
PLP.441694 2022-07-11

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3170678A (en) * 1962-06-20 1965-02-23 Owens Illinois Glass Co Regenerative furnace draft reversal apparatus
US4407669A (en) * 1982-04-15 1983-10-04 Owens-Illinois, Inc. Waste heat recovery from regenerative furnaces
US6126440A (en) * 1996-05-09 2000-10-03 Frazier-Simplex, Inc. Synthetic air assembly for oxy-fuel fired furnaces
CN101337762A (en) * 2008-08-12 2009-01-07 武汉理工大学 Thermal flue gas back-doping device and applications in glass melting furnace
WO2009093134A2 (en) * 2008-01-24 2009-07-30 Stara Glass S.P.A. Heat exchanger assembly for preheating comburent air for a glass furnace
ITTO20120974A1 (en) * 2012-11-08 2014-05-09 Stara Glass S P A REGENERATIVE HEAT EXCHANGER FOR A GLASS OVEN
EP2578547B1 (en) * 2011-10-07 2016-12-28 Johns Manville Submerged combustion glass manufacturing systems and methods

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3170678A (en) * 1962-06-20 1965-02-23 Owens Illinois Glass Co Regenerative furnace draft reversal apparatus
US4407669A (en) * 1982-04-15 1983-10-04 Owens-Illinois, Inc. Waste heat recovery from regenerative furnaces
US6126440A (en) * 1996-05-09 2000-10-03 Frazier-Simplex, Inc. Synthetic air assembly for oxy-fuel fired furnaces
WO2009093134A2 (en) * 2008-01-24 2009-07-30 Stara Glass S.P.A. Heat exchanger assembly for preheating comburent air for a glass furnace
CN101337762A (en) * 2008-08-12 2009-01-07 武汉理工大学 Thermal flue gas back-doping device and applications in glass melting furnace
EP2578547B1 (en) * 2011-10-07 2016-12-28 Johns Manville Submerged combustion glass manufacturing systems and methods
ITTO20120974A1 (en) * 2012-11-08 2014-05-09 Stara Glass S P A REGENERATIVE HEAT EXCHANGER FOR A GLASS OVEN

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