WO2024008003A1 - Heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire and preparation method therefor - Google Patents

Heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire and preparation method therefor Download PDF

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WO2024008003A1
WO2024008003A1 PCT/CN2023/104948 CN2023104948W WO2024008003A1 WO 2024008003 A1 WO2024008003 A1 WO 2024008003A1 CN 2023104948 W CN2023104948 W CN 2023104948W WO 2024008003 A1 WO2024008003 A1 WO 2024008003A1
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aluminum
heat
preparation
aluminum alloy
temperature
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PCT/CN2023/104948
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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赵立洋
张桓
朱红良
杨立军
方荣
段妍彤
田胤发
张佳辉
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江苏亨通电力特种导线有限公司
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Publication of WO2024008003A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024008003A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0073—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only borides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
    • H01B1/023—Alloys based on aluminium
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of alloy materials, and specifically relates to a heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire and a preparation method thereof.
  • the special heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire can operate at 230°C for a long time, and the short-term temperature can reach 310°C with a material strength change rate of less than 10%, which greatly increases the carrying capacity and greatly reduces the loss during power transmission.
  • the conductivity only reaches 58%. , which increases the loss of electrical energy during the transmission process. In order to comply with the energy saving plan, it is necessary to prepare a wire with high conductivity and high tensile strength.
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing a heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire, which includes the following steps:
  • S2 Add a master alloy and a sodium-removing refining agent to the aluminum liquid A, and perform secondary refining to obtain aluminum liquid B;
  • the master alloy includes AlSi20, AlLi3, AlRe10, AlEr10 and AlZr10;
  • the two-stage heat treatment method is: heating to 560-590°C within 4-5 hours, cooling to 475-490°C after being kept for 20-50 hours, and then lowered to room temperature (25 ⁇ 5°C) after being kept for 120-150 hours;
  • the cold drawing method is: after the double-stage heat-treated aluminum rod is drawn to 5-6mm in 6 passes, it is kept at 250-270°C for 15-25 hours and then lowered to room temperature, and is drawn to 5-6mm in 5 passes. 3.0-3.5mm;
  • the heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire is composed of the following components by weight: Si: 0.10-0.15%, Fe ⁇ 0.20%, Zr: 0.55-0.70%, Li: 1.0-1.3%, Er: 0.10-0.20%, The total amount of La and Ce: 0.06-0.12%; the total amount of Cr, Mn, V and Ti is ⁇ 0.004%, and the balance is Al and other inevitable impurities.
  • the purity of the aluminum alloy is not less than 99.90%.
  • the melting temperature is 920-960°C.
  • the mass ratio of aluminum alloy and AlB 3 is 1000:3-5.
  • the primary refining method is: leaving it at 920-960°C for 40-50 minutes.
  • step S2 the aluminum liquid A is cooled to 900-920°C and then the master alloy and sodium-removing refining agent are added.
  • the secondary refining method is: simmering in the furnace at 900-920°C for 20-30 minutes and then leaving it alone for 30-40 minutes.
  • the impurity removal method is: degassing through a degassing box and then using a filter box to perform two-stage filtration; the filter box includes a 40-mesh filter plate and a 60-mesh filter plate.
  • the model of aluminum boron wire is AlB 3 -9.5 wire, purchased from Xuzhou Jinlong;
  • the aluminum boron wire reacts with the zirconium element in the aluminum water to generate compound BZr 2 , which exists in the structure in the form of a compound, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing grain refinement and increasing the amount of zirconium element in the precipitated state, which can effectively improve the conductivity.
  • the casting conditions are: temperature 840-860°C, speed 5.0-5.5t/h, and blanking temperature 450-470°C.
  • the rolling conditions are: rolling temperature 520-580°C, final rolling temperature 100-200°C.
  • the deformation amount in each drawing is 15-20%.
  • the invention also provides a heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire prepared by the above preparation method.
  • the high-strength, high-conductivity and heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire provided by the invention can fully dissolve and diffuse the Zr element and Li element in the material into the aluminum water through high-temperature smelting to promote uniform composition; through high-temperature casting, the Zr element can be reduced to exist in the form of compounds. , increase the solid solution amount of Zr element. If the casting temperature is low, although it is also a liquid, some Zr elements have already appeared in the form of precipitates, affecting the solid solution amount; using high-temperature cooling water to reduce the cooling intensity can slow down the alloy and promote Even ingredients.
  • Zr element can very well improve the heat resistance of the material, but Zr dissolved in the matrix has a great influence on the resistivity.
  • the strength can be improved while reducing the resistance.
  • Li element has good high-temperature stability, and can strengthen the structure through aging and improve material strength.
  • Silicon element can promote the precipitation of zirconium and lithium, making them dispersedly distributed in the matrix, reducing the occurrence of segregation.
  • Fe element can improve the material strength.
  • the rare earth elements Er and rhenium cerium rare earth elements can purify the matrix, reduce pores and impurities, refine the grains, and promote the precipitation of various elements. At the same time, Er can form compounds with Zr elements to improve the heat resistance of the material.
  • the present invention can homogenize the structure through (1) double-stage annealing and heat treatment at 560-590°C, and at the same time promote the full solid solution of each element in the matrix. After further heat treatment at 475-490°C, the solid solution can be dissolved in the matrix The Zr element in the fiber is precipitated, and the Li element is prevented from precipitating through rapid cooling; (2) Aging after cold working deformation, by insulating the monofilament semi-finished product at 250-270°C, the Li element can be precipitated to form a second phase, reduce resistance, and improve strength and material toughness while preventing single The oil film on the annealed surface of the wire is carbonized, causing the subsequent stranded wire to become dry.
  • the material of the present invention has high conductivity and good heat resistance. When applied to overhead conductors, it can effectively reduce the loss of electric energy during transmission and increase the carrying capacity. Because of its high strength and light density, it can effectively reduce the amount of conductors in the air. sag.
  • the aluminum alloy with a purity of not less than 99.90% into the smelting furnace, heat and melt it, keep it warm at 940°C, add 4kg of AlB 3 per ton of aluminum water into the furnace for boronization, blow in the sodium-removing particle refining agent, and use argon gas. After one refining, the first aluminum liquid was obtained after standing for 45 minutes.
  • the master alloy Add the master alloy to the first molten aluminum in the holding furnace and stir for 30 minutes to obtain the second liquid aluminum; the temperature of the holding furnace is 910°C, and the master alloy is AlSi20, AlLi3, AlRE10, AlEr10, and AlZr10.
  • the sodium-removing particle refining agent is blown in, and argon gas is used for secondary refining.
  • the slag is removed, and the third aluminum liquid is obtained after standing.
  • blow After adding the sodium-removing refining agent, simmer the furnace for 20-30 minutes, the refining temperature is 910°C, and the standing time is 35 minutes.
  • the third aluminum liquid is poured through the holding furnace, and then processed with online aluminum boron wire feeding in the chute. Afterwards, the aluminum liquid passes through the degassing box and filter box for degassing and double-stage filtration to obtain the fourth aluminum liquid.
  • the fourth molten aluminum is continuously cast; the casting temperature is 850°C, the casting speed is 5.2t/h, the cooling water temperature is 63°C, and the blank temperature is 460°C.
  • the billet obtained by continuous casting is rolled to obtain an aluminum rod; the rolling temperature is 550°C and the final rolling temperature is 150°C.
  • the aluminum rod after taking up the wire is cooled to room temperature and then subjected to two-stage heat treatment.
  • the temperature is raised to 575°C within 4.5 hours, kept for 35 hours, and then cooled to 485°C. After being kept for 135 hours, liquid nitrogen is sprayed to quickly cool down to room temperature to obtain a special heat-resistant aluminum alloy. Rod.
  • the obtained aluminum rod is cold drawn.
  • the deformation amount is 15% each time, and the special heat-resistant aluminum alloy single wire semi-finished product is obtained after 6 passes of drawing to 5.5mm.
  • the obtained semi-finished product is kept at 260°C for 20 hours and then lowered to room temperature.
  • the semi-finished product that is lowered to room temperature is cold drawn.
  • the deformation amount is 15% each time, and the heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire is obtained after 5 passes of drawing to 3.25mm.
  • the heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire is composed of the following components by weight: Si: 0.12%, Fe ⁇ 0.20%, Zr: 0.60%, Li: 1.2%, Er: 0.15%, the total amount of La and Ce: 0.09 %; the total amount of Cr, Mn, V and Ti is ⁇ 0.004%, the balance is Al and other unavoidable impurities.
  • the aluminum alloy with a purity of not less than 99.90% into the smelting furnace, heat and melt it, keep it warm at 920°C, add 3kg of AlB 3 per ton of aluminum water into the furnace for boronization, blow in the sodium-removing particle refining agent, and use argon gas. After one refining, the first aluminum liquid is obtained after standing for 40-50 minutes.
  • the master alloy Add the master alloy to the first aluminum liquid in the holding furnace and stir for 30 minutes to obtain the second aluminum liquid; where the temperature of the holding furnace is 900°C and the master alloy is AlSi20, AlLi3, AlRE10, AlEr10, and AlZr10.
  • the sodium-removing particle refining agent is blown in, and argon gas is used for secondary refining.
  • the slag is removed, and the third aluminum liquid is obtained after standing.
  • blow After adding the sodium-removing refining agent, simmer the furnace for 20 minutes, the refining temperature is 900°C, and the standing time is 30 minutes.
  • the third aluminum liquid is poured through the holding furnace, and then processed with online aluminum boron wire feeding in the chute. Afterwards, the aluminum liquid passes through the degassing box and filter box for degassing and double-stage filtration to obtain the fourth aluminum liquid.
  • the fourth molten aluminum is continuously cast; the casting temperature is 840°C, the casting speed is 5.0t/h, the cooling water temperature is 60°C, and the blanking temperature is 470°C.
  • the billet obtained by continuous casting is rolled to obtain an aluminum rod; the rolling temperature is 520°C and the final rolling temperature is 100°C.
  • the aluminum rod after coiling is cooled to room temperature and then subjected to two-stage heat treatment.
  • the temperature is raised to 560°C within 4-5 hours, kept for 20 hours, and then cooled to 47°C. After 120 hours of insulation, liquid nitrogen is sprayed to quickly cool down to room temperature to obtain special heat-resistant aluminum. Alloy rod.
  • the obtained aluminum rod is cold drawn.
  • the deformation amount is 15% each time, and after 6 passes of drawing to 5mm, a special heat-resistant aluminum alloy monofilament semi-finished product is obtained.
  • the obtained semi-finished product is kept at 250°C for 15 hours and then lowered to room temperature.
  • the semi-finished product that is lowered to room temperature is cold drawn.
  • the deformation amount is 15% each time, and the heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire is obtained after 5 passes of drawing to 3mm.
  • the heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire is composed of the following components by weight: Si: 0.10%, Fe ⁇ 0.20%, Zr: 0.55%, Li: 1.0%, Er: 0.10%, the total amount of La and Ce: 0.06 %; the total amount of Cr, Mn, V and Ti is ⁇ 0.004%, and the balance is Al and other inevitable impurities.
  • the master alloy Add the master alloy to the first molten aluminum in the holding furnace and stir for 35 minutes to obtain the second liquid aluminum; the temperature of the holding furnace is 920°C, and the master alloy is AlSi20, AlLi3, AlRE10, AlEr10, and AlZr10.
  • the sodium-removing particle refining agent is blown in, and argon gas is used for secondary refining.
  • the slag is removed, and the third aluminum liquid is obtained after standing.
  • blow After adding the sodium-removing refining agent, the furnace is stuffed for 30 minutes, the refining temperature is 920°C, and the standing time is 40 minutes.
  • the third aluminum liquid is poured through the holding furnace, and then processed with online aluminum boron wire feeding in the chute. Afterwards, the aluminum liquid passes through the degassing box and filter box for degassing and double-stage filtration to obtain the fourth aluminum liquid.
  • the fourth molten aluminum is continuously cast; the casting temperature is 860°C, the casting speed is 5.5t/h, the cooling water temperature is 65°C, and the blank temperature is 470°C.
  • the billet obtained by continuous casting is rolled to obtain an aluminum rod; the rolling temperature is 580°C and the final rolling temperature is 200°C.
  • the aluminum rod after coiling is cooled to room temperature and then subjected to two-stage heat treatment.
  • the temperature is raised to 590°C within 5 hours, kept for 50 hours, and then cooled to 490°C.
  • liquid nitrogen is sprayed to quickly cool down to room temperature to obtain a special heat-resistant aluminum alloy rod. .
  • the obtained aluminum rod is cold drawn.
  • the deformation amount is 20% each time, and after 6 passes of drawing to 6mm, a special heat-resistant aluminum alloy single wire semi-finished product is obtained.
  • the obtained semi-finished product is kept at 270°C for 25 hours and then lowered to room temperature.
  • the semi-finished product that is lowered to room temperature is cold drawn.
  • the deformation amount is 20% each time, and the heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire is obtained after 5 passes of drawing to 3.5mm.
  • the heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire is composed of the following weight percentage components: Si: 0.15%, Fe ⁇ 0.20%, Zr: 0.70%, Li: 1.3%, Er: 0.20%, the total amount of La and Ce: 0.12 %; the total amount of Cr, Mn, V and Ti is ⁇ 0.004%, and the balance is Al and other inevitable impurities.
  • Zr is not added to the components of the heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire, and other steps are the same as in Example 1.
  • La and Ce are not added to the components of the heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire, and other steps are the same as in Example 1.
  • Li is not added to the components of the heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire, and other steps are the same as in Example 1.
  • Si and Li are not added to the components of the heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire, and other steps are the same as in Example 1.
  • the tensile strength of the finished heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire of the present invention 275-280MPa; electrical conductivity: 60.5-60.8%, elongation: 5-6%; the tensile strength remains more than 96% after 400 hours of insulation at 310°C, and 400°C
  • the residual rate of tensile strength after 1 hour of thermal insulation is 97.5-99.3%, which is a very large margin. It can be higher than the standard requirement of 310°C and reach 360°C.
  • the residual rate of tensile strength after 400 hours of operation is over 92%, as shown in Table 1.
  • Zr and Li elements have the greatest impact on the heat resistance of the product. These two elements are the main elements to ensure the heat resistance of the material. Without adding these two elements, the heat resistance is reduced to less than 90%. And these two elements also have a decisive influence on the tensile strength of the material.
  • the two elements are combined with rare earth elements and Si elements to achieve age strengthening through two annealings, pushing the material strength to more than 275MPa.
  • the Er element has a significant impact on heat resistance and conductivity.
  • the combination of Er and Zr elements can greatly improve the heat resistance, and the Er element and La+Ce element also have a great influence on each other's electrical properties and heat resistance.
  • the heat resistance also dropped from 98.6% to 89.7 %, Si element can well promote the precipitation of Zr and Li elements, improve dispersion strengthening, and improve strength.
  • Metal lithium (Li) is the metal with the lowest density. Every 1% added to aluminum will reduce the density of aluminum by 3%.
  • the aluminum alloy material of the present invention adds 1-1.3% Li element, so it can very well reduce the density of the material. .
  • the national standard ordinary special heat-resistant tensile strength requirement is ⁇ 162MPa.
  • This invention can reach more than 275MPa, mainly through high melting temperature to promote uniform distribution of ingredients, and then high-temperature casting combined with high-temperature annealing to achieve full solid solution of Zr elements and Li elements, and then through Low-temperature and long-term heat treatment is combined with Si and rare earth elements to fully separate out the Zr element to achieve the purpose of dispersion strengthening. Finally, after cold deformation and low-temperature aging, the Li element is precipitated into a spherical Al3Li phase, ultimately achieving high tensile strength and high conductivity. the goal of.

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of alloy materials, and in particular, to a heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire and a preparation method therefor. The heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire consists of the following components in percentage by weight: Si: 0.10-0.15%; Fe≤0.20%; Zr: 0.55-0.70%; Li: 1.0-1.3%; Er: 0.10-0.20%; the total amount of La and Ce: 0.06-0.12%; the total amount of Cr, Mn, V, and Ti: <0.004%; and the balance of Al and other inevitable impurities. The material of the present invention has high conductivity and good heat resistance, and when the material is applied to an overhead wire, the loss of electric energy during transmission can be effectively reduced, and the current-carrying capacity is improved; moreover, the material is high in strength and light in density, so that the sag of the wire in the air can be effectively reduced, and an extremely high application value is achieved.

Description

一种耐热铝合金导线及其制备方法Heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire and preparation method thereof 技术领域Technical field
本发明属于合金材料领域，具体涉及一种耐热铝合金导线及其制备方法。The invention belongs to the field of alloy materials, and specifically relates to a heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire and a preparation method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
特耐热铝合金导线可以在230℃下长期运行，短时温度可以实现310℃而材料强度变化率不足10％，极大的提高了载流量，很大程度的降低了电力传输过程中的损耗，符合国家节能减排的发展战略，但是目前大多数的耐热铝合金导线只能做到在210℃以下长期运行，即使部分做到了可以在230℃下长期运行但是导电率也仅仅达到58％，增大了电力在传输过程中的电能的损耗，为了符合节约能源的方案，需要制备一种具有高电导率且抗拉强度高的导线。The special heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire can operate at 230°C for a long time, and the short-term temperature can reach 310°C with a material strength change rate of less than 10%, which greatly increases the carrying capacity and greatly reduces the loss during power transmission. , in line with the national development strategy of energy conservation and emission reduction, but currently most heat-resistant aluminum alloy wires can only operate for a long time below 210°C. Even if some can operate for a long time at 230°C, the conductivity only reaches 58%. , which increases the loss of electrical energy during the transmission process. In order to comply with the energy saving plan, it is necessary to prepare a wire with high conductivity and high tensile strength.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种耐热铝合金导线的制备方法，包括如下步骤：In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for preparing a heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire, which includes the following steps:
S1：将铝合金熔化后，加入AlB3和除钠精炼剂，一次精炼，得到铝液A；S1: After melting the aluminum alloy, add AlB 3 and sodium-removing refining agent, and perform one-time refining to obtain liquid aluminum A;
S2：向所述铝液A中加入中间合金和除钠精炼剂，二次精炼，得到铝液B；所述中间合金包括AlSi20、AlLi3、AlRe10、AlEr10和AlZr10；S2: Add a master alloy and a sodium-removing refining agent to the aluminum liquid A, and perform secondary refining to obtain aluminum liquid B; the master alloy includes AlSi20, AlLi3, AlRe10, AlEr10 and AlZr10;
S3：将所述铝液B通过在线加入铝硼丝处理后进行除杂，得到铝液C；S3: The aluminum liquid B is treated by adding aluminum boron wire online and then is impurity removed to obtain aluminum liquid C;
S4：将所述铝液C浇铸后轧制，得到铝杆；S4: Cast the aluminum liquid C and then roll it to obtain an aluminum rod;
S5：将所述铝杆双级热处理，冷拉拔后得到所述耐热铝合金导线；S5: Double-stage heat treatment of the aluminum rod, and obtain the heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire after cold drawing;
所述双级热处理的方法为：4-5h内升温至560-590℃，保温20-50h后降温至475-490℃，保温120-150h后降至室温(25±5℃)；The two-stage heat treatment method is: heating to 560-590°C within 4-5 hours, cooling to 475-490°C after being kept for 20-50 hours, and then lowered to room temperature (25±5°C) after being kept for 120-150 hours;
所述冷拉拔的方法为：将双级热处理后的铝杆经过6道次拉拔至5-6mm后，于250-270℃保温15-25h后降至室温，经过5道次拉拔至3.0-3.5mm；The cold drawing method is: after the double-stage heat-treated aluminum rod is drawn to 5-6mm in 6 passes, it is kept at 250-270°C for 15-25 hours and then lowered to room temperature, and is drawn to 5-6mm in 5 passes. 3.0-3.5mm;
所述耐热铝合金导线，由以下重量百分比的组分组成：Si：0.10-0.15％，Fe≤0.20％，Zr：0.55-0.70％，Li：1.0-1.3％，Er：0.10-0.20％，La和Ce的总量：0.06-0.12％；Cr、Mn、V和Ti的总量＜0.004％，余量为Al和其他不可避免的杂质。The heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire is composed of the following components by weight: Si: 0.10-0.15%, Fe≤0.20%, Zr: 0.55-0.70%, Li: 1.0-1.3%, Er: 0.10-0.20%, The total amount of La and Ce: 0.06-0.12%; the total amount of Cr, Mn, V and Ti is <0.004%, and the balance is Al and other inevitable impurities.
优选的，所述铝合金的纯度不小于99.90％。Preferably, the purity of the aluminum alloy is not less than 99.90%.
优选的，所述步骤S1中，熔化的温度为920-960℃。Preferably, in step S1, the melting temperature is 920-960°C.
优选的，所述步骤S1中，铝合金和AlB3质量比为1000：3-5。 Preferably, in step S1, the mass ratio of aluminum alloy and AlB 3 is 1000:3-5.
优选的，所述步骤S1中，一次精炼的方法为：于920-960℃，静置40-50min。Preferably, in step S1, the primary refining method is: leaving it at 920-960°C for 40-50 minutes.
优选的，所述步骤S2中，铝液A降温至900-920℃后加入中间合金和除钠精炼剂。Preferably, in step S2, the aluminum liquid A is cooled to 900-920°C and then the master alloy and sodium-removing refining agent are added.
优选的，所述步骤S2中，二次精炼的方法为：于900-920℃，闷炉20-30min后静置30-40min。Preferably, in step S2, the secondary refining method is: simmering in the furnace at 900-920°C for 20-30 minutes and then leaving it alone for 30-40 minutes.
优选的，所述步骤S3中，除杂的方法为：通过除气箱除气后采用过滤箱进行双级过滤；所述过滤箱包括40目的过滤板和60目的过滤板。Preferably, in step S3, the impurity removal method is: degassing through a degassing box and then using a filter box to perform two-stage filtration; the filter box includes a 40-mesh filter plate and a 60-mesh filter plate.
优选的，所述步骤S3中，铝硼丝的型号为AlB3-9.5丝，购买自徐州金龙；Preferably, in step S3, the model of aluminum boron wire is AlB 3 -9.5 wire, purchased from Xuzhou Jinlong;
所述铝硼丝与铝水中的锆元素反应生成化合物BZr2，以化合物的形式存在组织中，达到减少细化晶粒以及提高锆元素析出态存在量的目的，可以有效的提高导电率。The aluminum boron wire reacts with the zirconium element in the aluminum water to generate compound BZr 2 , which exists in the structure in the form of a compound, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing grain refinement and increasing the amount of zirconium element in the precipitated state, which can effectively improve the conductivity.
优选的，所述步骤S4中，浇铸的条件为：温度840-860℃，速度为5.0-5.5t/h，出坯温度450-470℃。Preferably, in step S4, the casting conditions are: temperature 840-860°C, speed 5.0-5.5t/h, and blanking temperature 450-470°C.
优选的，所述步骤S4中，轧制的条件为：进轧温度520-580℃，终轧温度100-200℃。Preferably, in step S4, the rolling conditions are: rolling temperature 520-580°C, final rolling temperature 100-200°C.
优选的，每次拉拔的变形量均为15-20％。Preferably, the deformation amount in each drawing is 15-20%.
本发明还提供一种上述制备方法制备得到的耐热铝合金导线。The invention also provides a heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire prepared by the above preparation method.
本发明的技术方案相比现有技术具有以下优点：The technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages compared with the existing technology:
本发明提供的高强高导特耐热铝合金导线，通过高温熔炼，使材料中的Zr元素和Li元素充分溶解扩散到铝水中，促使成分均匀；通过高温浇铸，减小Zr元素形成化合物形式存在，提高Zr元素固溶量，如果浇铸温度低，虽然也是液体，但是已经有部分Zr元素以析出态形式出现，影响固溶量；采用高温冷却水，减少冷却强度，可以使合金缓慢冷却，促使成分均匀。The high-strength, high-conductivity and heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire provided by the invention can fully dissolve and diffuse the Zr element and Li element in the material into the aluminum water through high-temperature smelting to promote uniform composition; through high-temperature casting, the Zr element can be reduced to exist in the form of compounds. , increase the solid solution amount of Zr element. If the casting temperature is low, although it is also a liquid, some Zr elements have already appeared in the form of precipitates, affecting the solid solution amount; using high-temperature cooling water to reduce the cooling intensity can slow down the alloy and promote Even ingredients.
本发明的配方：Zr元素可以很好的提高材料的耐热性能，但是固溶在基体中的Zr对电阻率的影响大，通过热处理后析出Al3Zr，可以达到在降低电阻的情况下提高强度，Li元素具有很好的高温稳定性，同时可以通过时效强化组织，提高材料强度，硅元素可以促进锆和锂的析出，使其成弥散分布在基体中，减少偏析的出现，Fe元素可以提高材料的抗蠕变性能，稀土元素Er和铼铈稀土可以净化基体，减少气孔和杂质，细化晶粒，促进各元素的析出，同时Er可以和Zr元素形成化合物提高材料耐热性。Formula of the present invention: Zr element can very well improve the heat resistance of the material, but Zr dissolved in the matrix has a great influence on the resistivity. By precipitating Al3Zr after heat treatment, the strength can be improved while reducing the resistance. Li element has good high-temperature stability, and can strengthen the structure through aging and improve material strength. Silicon element can promote the precipitation of zirconium and lithium, making them dispersedly distributed in the matrix, reducing the occurrence of segregation. Fe element can improve the material strength. To improve the creep resistance, the rare earth elements Er and rhenium cerium rare earth elements can purify the matrix, reduce pores and impurities, refine the grains, and promote the precipitation of various elements. At the same time, Er can form compounds with Zr elements to improve the heat resistance of the material.
本发明通过(1)双级退火，于560-590℃热处理，可以使组织均匀化，同时促使各元素充分地固溶在基体中，再经过475-490℃热处理后，可以把固溶在基体中的Zr元素进行析出，通过快速降温防止Li元素析出；(2)冷加工变形后时效，通过对单丝半成品进行250-270℃保温，可以使Li元素析出，形成第二相，降低电阻，提升强度和材料韧性，同时可以防止单 丝退火表面的油膜被碳化，使后续绞线出现干涩的情况。The present invention can homogenize the structure through (1) double-stage annealing and heat treatment at 560-590°C, and at the same time promote the full solid solution of each element in the matrix. After further heat treatment at 475-490°C, the solid solution can be dissolved in the matrix The Zr element in the fiber is precipitated, and the Li element is prevented from precipitating through rapid cooling; (2) Aging after cold working deformation, by insulating the monofilament semi-finished product at 250-270°C, the Li element can be precipitated to form a second phase, reduce resistance, and improve strength and material toughness while preventing single The oil film on the annealed surface of the wire is carbonized, causing the subsequent stranded wire to become dry.
本发明的材料导电率高，耐热性好，应用在架空导线上时可以有效的减少电能在传输过程中的损耗，提高载流量，且因强度高，密度轻，可以有效的减少导线在空中的弧垂。The material of the present invention has high conductivity and good heat resistance. When applied to overhead conductors, it can effectively reduce the loss of electric energy during transmission and increase the carrying capacity. Because of its high strength and light density, it can effectively reduce the amount of conductors in the air. sag.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明，以使本领域的技术人员可以更好地理解本发明并能予以实施，但所举实施例不作为对本发明的限定。The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific examples so that those skilled in the art can better understand and implement the present invention, but the examples are not intended to limit the present invention.
实施例1Example 1
一种耐热铝合金导线的制备方法。A preparation method of heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire.
将纯度不小于99.90％的铝合金加入熔炼炉中加热融化，在940℃下保温，按每吨铝水4kg的AlB3加入熔炉中进行硼化，吹入除钠颗粒精炼剂，用氩气进行一次精炼，静置45min后得到第一铝液。Add the aluminum alloy with a purity of not less than 99.90% into the smelting furnace, heat and melt it, keep it warm at 940°C, add 4kg of AlB 3 per ton of aluminum water into the furnace for boronization, blow in the sodium-removing particle refining agent, and use argon gas. After one refining, the first aluminum liquid was obtained after standing for 45 minutes.
在保温炉中向第一铝液中加入中间合金，搅拌30min，得到第二铝液；其中，保温炉的温度为910℃，中间合金为AlSi20、AlLi3、AlRE10、AlEr10、AlZr10。Add the master alloy to the first molten aluminum in the holding furnace and stir for 30 minutes to obtain the second liquid aluminum; the temperature of the holding furnace is 910°C, and the master alloy is AlSi20, AlLi3, AlRE10, AlEr10, and AlZr10.
第二铝液的成分检验合格后，吹入除钠颗粒精炼剂，用氩气进行二次精炼，静置后进行扒渣，静置后得到第三铝液；其中，二次精炼时，吹入除钠精炼剂后闷炉20-30min，精炼温度为910℃，静置时间35min。After the composition of the second aluminum liquid passes the inspection, the sodium-removing particle refining agent is blown in, and argon gas is used for secondary refining. After standing, the slag is removed, and the third aluminum liquid is obtained after standing. Among them, during the secondary refining, blow After adding the sodium-removing refining agent, simmer the furnace for 20-30 minutes, the refining temperature is 910°C, and the standing time is 35 minutes.
第三铝液通过保温炉倾倒，之后在溜槽中进行在线喂铝硼丝处理，之后铝液通过除气箱和过滤箱进行除气和双级过滤，得到第四铝液。The third aluminum liquid is poured through the holding furnace, and then processed with online aluminum boron wire feeding in the chute. Afterwards, the aluminum liquid passes through the degassing box and filter box for degassing and double-stage filtration to obtain the fourth aluminum liquid.
对第四铝液进行连续浇铸；其中，浇铸温度为850℃，浇铸速度为5.2t/h，冷却水温为63℃，出坯温度为460℃。The fourth molten aluminum is continuously cast; the casting temperature is 850°C, the casting speed is 5.2t/h, the cooling water temperature is 63°C, and the blank temperature is 460°C.
对连续浇铸得到的铸坯进行轧制，得到铝杆；其中，进轧温度为550℃，终轧温度为150℃。The billet obtained by continuous casting is rolled to obtain an aluminum rod; the rolling temperature is 550°C and the final rolling temperature is 150°C.
将收线后的铝杆降温至室温后进行双级热处理，在4.5h内升温至575℃，保温35h，之后降温至485℃，保温135h后喷液氮快速降温至室温得特耐热铝合金杆。The aluminum rod after taking up the wire is cooled to room temperature and then subjected to two-stage heat treatment. The temperature is raised to 575°C within 4.5 hours, kept for 35 hours, and then cooled to 485°C. After being kept for 135 hours, liquid nitrogen is sprayed to quickly cool down to room temperature to obtain a special heat-resistant aluminum alloy. Rod.
将得到的铝杆进行冷拉拔。每次变形量15％，经过6道次拉拔至5.5mm，得到特耐热铝合金单丝半成品。The obtained aluminum rod is cold drawn. The deformation amount is 15% each time, and the special heat-resistant aluminum alloy single wire semi-finished product is obtained after 6 passes of drawing to 5.5mm.
对得到的半成品进行260℃保温20h处理后降至室温，将降至室温的半成品进行冷拉拔。每次变形量15％，经过5道次拉拔至3.25mm，得到耐热铝合金导线。The obtained semi-finished product is kept at 260°C for 20 hours and then lowered to room temperature. The semi-finished product that is lowered to room temperature is cold drawn. The deformation amount is 15% each time, and the heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire is obtained after 5 passes of drawing to 3.25mm.
所述耐热铝合金导线，由以下重量百分比的组分组成：Si：0.12％，Fe≤0.20％，Zr：0.60％，Li：1.2％，Er：0.15％，La和Ce的总量：0.09％；Cr、Mn、V和Ti的总量＜0.004％，余量为Al 和其他不可避免的杂质。The heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire is composed of the following components by weight: Si: 0.12%, Fe≤0.20%, Zr: 0.60%, Li: 1.2%, Er: 0.15%, the total amount of La and Ce: 0.09 %; the total amount of Cr, Mn, V and Ti is <0.004%, the balance is Al and other unavoidable impurities.
实施例2Example 2
一种耐热铝合金导线的制备方法。A preparation method of heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire.
将纯度不小于99.90％的铝合金加入熔炼炉中加热融化，在920℃下保温，按每吨铝水3kg的AlB3加入熔炉中进行硼化，吹入除钠颗粒精炼剂，用氩气进行一次精炼，静置40-50min后得到第一铝液。Add the aluminum alloy with a purity of not less than 99.90% into the smelting furnace, heat and melt it, keep it warm at 920°C, add 3kg of AlB 3 per ton of aluminum water into the furnace for boronization, blow in the sodium-removing particle refining agent, and use argon gas. After one refining, the first aluminum liquid is obtained after standing for 40-50 minutes.
在保温炉中向第一铝液中加入中间合金，搅拌30min，得到第二铝液；其中，保温炉的温度为900℃，中间合金为AlSi20、AlLi3、AlRE10、AlEr10、AlZr10。Add the master alloy to the first aluminum liquid in the holding furnace and stir for 30 minutes to obtain the second aluminum liquid; where the temperature of the holding furnace is 900°C and the master alloy is AlSi20, AlLi3, AlRE10, AlEr10, and AlZr10.
第二铝液的成分检验合格后，吹入除钠颗粒精炼剂，用氩气进行二次精炼，静置后进行扒渣，静置后得到第三铝液；其中，二次精炼时，吹入除钠精炼剂后闷炉20min，精炼温度为900℃，静置时间30min。After the composition of the second aluminum liquid passes the inspection, the sodium-removing particle refining agent is blown in, and argon gas is used for secondary refining. After standing, the slag is removed, and the third aluminum liquid is obtained after standing. Among them, during the secondary refining, blow After adding the sodium-removing refining agent, simmer the furnace for 20 minutes, the refining temperature is 900°C, and the standing time is 30 minutes.
第三铝液通过保温炉倾倒，之后在溜槽中进行在线喂铝硼丝处理，之后铝液通过除气箱和过滤箱进行除气和双级过滤，得到第四铝液。The third aluminum liquid is poured through the holding furnace, and then processed with online aluminum boron wire feeding in the chute. Afterwards, the aluminum liquid passes through the degassing box and filter box for degassing and double-stage filtration to obtain the fourth aluminum liquid.
对第四铝液进行连续浇铸；其中，浇铸温度为840℃，浇铸速度为5.0t/h，冷却水温为60℃，出坯温度为470℃。The fourth molten aluminum is continuously cast; the casting temperature is 840°C, the casting speed is 5.0t/h, the cooling water temperature is 60°C, and the blanking temperature is 470°C.
对连续浇铸得到的铸坯进行轧制，得到铝杆；其中，进轧温度为520℃，终轧温度为100℃。The billet obtained by continuous casting is rolled to obtain an aluminum rod; the rolling temperature is 520°C and the final rolling temperature is 100°C.
将收线后的铝杆降温至室温后进行双级热处理，在4-5h内升温至560℃，保温20h，之后降温至47℃，保温120h后喷液氮快速降温至室温得特耐热铝合金杆。The aluminum rod after coiling is cooled to room temperature and then subjected to two-stage heat treatment. The temperature is raised to 560°C within 4-5 hours, kept for 20 hours, and then cooled to 47°C. After 120 hours of insulation, liquid nitrogen is sprayed to quickly cool down to room temperature to obtain special heat-resistant aluminum. Alloy rod.
将得到的铝杆进行冷拉拔。每次变形量15％，经过6道次拉拔至5mm，得到特耐热铝合金单丝半成品。The obtained aluminum rod is cold drawn. The deformation amount is 15% each time, and after 6 passes of drawing to 5mm, a special heat-resistant aluminum alloy monofilament semi-finished product is obtained.
对得到的半成品进行250℃保温15h处理后降至室温，将降至室温的半成品进行冷拉拔。每次变形量15％，经过5道次拉拔至3mm，得到耐热铝合金导线。The obtained semi-finished product is kept at 250°C for 15 hours and then lowered to room temperature. The semi-finished product that is lowered to room temperature is cold drawn. The deformation amount is 15% each time, and the heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire is obtained after 5 passes of drawing to 3mm.
所述耐热铝合金导线，由以下重量百分比的组分组成：Si：0.10％，Fe≤0.20％，Zr：0.55％，Li：1.0％，Er：0.10％，La和Ce的总量：0.06％；Cr、Mn、V和Ti的总量＜0.004％，余量为Al和其他不可避免的杂质。The heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire is composed of the following components by weight: Si: 0.10%, Fe≤0.20%, Zr: 0.55%, Li: 1.0%, Er: 0.10%, the total amount of La and Ce: 0.06 %; the total amount of Cr, Mn, V and Ti is <0.004%, and the balance is Al and other inevitable impurities.
实施例3Example 3
一种耐热铝合金导线的制备方法。A preparation method of heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire.
将纯度不小于99.90％的铝合金加入熔炼炉中加热融化，在960℃下保温，按每吨铝水5kg的AlB3加入熔炉中进行硼化，吹入除钠颗粒精炼剂，用氩气进行一次精炼，静置50min 后得到第一铝液。Add the aluminum alloy with a purity of not less than 99.90% into the smelting furnace, heat and melt it, keep it warm at 960°C, add 5kg of AlB 3 per ton of aluminum water into the furnace for boronization, blow in the sodium-removing particle refining agent, and use argon gas. Refining once and letting it sit for 50 minutes Finally, the first aluminum liquid is obtained.
在保温炉中向第一铝液中加入中间合金，搅拌35min，得到第二铝液；其中，保温炉的温度为920℃，中间合金为AlSi20、AlLi3、AlRE10、AlEr10、AlZr10。Add the master alloy to the first molten aluminum in the holding furnace and stir for 35 minutes to obtain the second liquid aluminum; the temperature of the holding furnace is 920°C, and the master alloy is AlSi20, AlLi3, AlRE10, AlEr10, and AlZr10.
第二铝液的成分检验合格后，吹入除钠颗粒精炼剂，用氩气进行二次精炼，静置后进行扒渣，静置后得到第三铝液；其中，二次精炼时，吹入除钠精炼剂后闷炉30min，精炼温度为920℃，静置时间40min。After the composition of the second aluminum liquid passes the inspection, the sodium-removing particle refining agent is blown in, and argon gas is used for secondary refining. After standing, the slag is removed, and the third aluminum liquid is obtained after standing. Among them, during the secondary refining, blow After adding the sodium-removing refining agent, the furnace is stuffed for 30 minutes, the refining temperature is 920°C, and the standing time is 40 minutes.
第三铝液通过保温炉倾倒，之后在溜槽中进行在线喂铝硼丝处理，之后铝液通过除气箱和过滤箱进行除气和双级过滤，得到第四铝液。The third aluminum liquid is poured through the holding furnace, and then processed with online aluminum boron wire feeding in the chute. Afterwards, the aluminum liquid passes through the degassing box and filter box for degassing and double-stage filtration to obtain the fourth aluminum liquid.
对第四铝液进行连续浇铸；其中，浇铸温度为860℃，浇铸速度为5.5t/h，冷却水温为65℃，出坯温度为470℃。The fourth molten aluminum is continuously cast; the casting temperature is 860°C, the casting speed is 5.5t/h, the cooling water temperature is 65°C, and the blank temperature is 470°C.
对连续浇铸得到的铸坯进行轧制，得到铝杆；其中，进轧温度为580℃，终轧温度为200℃。The billet obtained by continuous casting is rolled to obtain an aluminum rod; the rolling temperature is 580°C and the final rolling temperature is 200°C.
将收线后的铝杆降温至室温后进行双级热处理，在5h内升温至590℃，保温50h，之后降温至490℃，保温150h后喷液氮快速降温至室温得特耐热铝合金杆。The aluminum rod after coiling is cooled to room temperature and then subjected to two-stage heat treatment. The temperature is raised to 590°C within 5 hours, kept for 50 hours, and then cooled to 490°C. After 150 hours of insulation, liquid nitrogen is sprayed to quickly cool down to room temperature to obtain a special heat-resistant aluminum alloy rod. .
将得到的铝杆进行冷拉拔。每次变形量20％，经过6道次拉拔至6mm，得到特耐热铝合金单丝半成品。The obtained aluminum rod is cold drawn. The deformation amount is 20% each time, and after 6 passes of drawing to 6mm, a special heat-resistant aluminum alloy single wire semi-finished product is obtained.
对得到的半成品进行270℃保温25h处理后降至室温，将降至室温的半成品进行冷拉拔。每次变形量20％，经过5道次拉拔至3.5mm，得到耐热铝合金导线。The obtained semi-finished product is kept at 270°C for 25 hours and then lowered to room temperature. The semi-finished product that is lowered to room temperature is cold drawn. The deformation amount is 20% each time, and the heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire is obtained after 5 passes of drawing to 3.5mm.
所述耐热铝合金导线，由以下重量百分比的组分组成：Si：0.15％，Fe≤0.20％，Zr：0.70％，Li：1.3％，Er：0.20％，La和Ce的总量：0.12％；Cr、Mn、V和Ti的总量＜0.004％，余量为Al和其他不可避免的杂质。The heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire is composed of the following weight percentage components: Si: 0.15%, Fe≤0.20%, Zr: 0.70%, Li: 1.3%, Er: 0.20%, the total amount of La and Ce: 0.12 %; the total amount of Cr, Mn, V and Ti is <0.004%, and the balance is Al and other inevitable impurities.
对比例1Comparative example 1
所述耐热铝合金导线的组分中，不加入Si，其他步骤与实施例1相同。No Si is added to the components of the heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire, and other steps are the same as in Example 1.
对比例2Comparative example 2
所述耐热铝合金导线的组分中，不加入Zr，其他步骤与实施例1相同。Zr is not added to the components of the heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire, and other steps are the same as in Example 1.
对比例3Comparative example 3
所述耐热铝合金导线的组分中，不加入Er，其他步骤与实施例1相同。Er is not added to the components of the heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire, and other steps are the same as in Example 1.
对比例4Comparative example 4
所述耐热铝合金导线的组分中，不加入La和Ce，其他步骤与实施例1相同。La and Ce are not added to the components of the heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire, and other steps are the same as in Example 1.
对比例5 Comparative example 5
所述耐热铝合金导线的组分中，不加入Li，其他步骤与实施例1相同。Li is not added to the components of the heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire, and other steps are the same as in Example 1.
对比例6Comparative example 6
所述耐热铝合金导线的组分中，不加入Si和Li，其他步骤与实施例1相同。Si and Li are not added to the components of the heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire, and other steps are the same as in Example 1.
对比例7Comparative example 7
所述耐热铝合金导线的组分中，不加入Er+La+Ce，其他步骤与实施例1相同。In the components of the heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire, Er+La+Ce is not added, and other steps are the same as in Example 1.
效果评价1Effect evaluation 1
表1实施例1的耐热铝合金导线性能项目测试
Table 1 Test of heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire performance items in Example 1
表2铝合金导线对比例性能项目测试
Table 2 Aluminum alloy wire comparative performance project test
本发明的耐热铝合金导线成品的抗拉强度：275-280MPa；导电率：60.5-60.8％，伸长率：5-6％；310℃保温400h后抗拉强度残余96％以上，400℃保温1h抗拉强度残余率在97.5-99.3％，余量非常的大，可以高于标准要求310℃达到360℃运行400h抗拉强度残存率在92％以上，如表1所示。 The tensile strength of the finished heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire of the present invention: 275-280MPa; electrical conductivity: 60.5-60.8%, elongation: 5-6%; the tensile strength remains more than 96% after 400 hours of insulation at 310°C, and 400°C The residual rate of tensile strength after 1 hour of thermal insulation is 97.5-99.3%, which is a very large margin. It can be higher than the standard requirement of 310°C and reach 360°C. The residual rate of tensile strength after 400 hours of operation is over 92%, as shown in Table 1.
从表2中可以看出Zr和Li元素对产品的耐热性影响最大，这两个元素是保证材料耐热性的主要元素，未添加这两个元素耐热性均降低到了90％以下，且这两个元素对材料的抗拉强度也是有着决定性的影响，两种元素通过两次退火配合稀土元素及Si元素实现时效强化，促使材料强度达到275MPa以上，同时Er元素对耐热性和导电率影响，Er和Zr元素的配合可以很好的提高耐热性，且Er元素和La+Ce元素相互随电性能和耐热性也有着很大的影响耐热性也是由98.6％降到了89.7％，Si元素可以很好的促进Zr和Li元素的析出，起到提高弥散强化的作用，来提高强度。It can be seen from Table 2 that Zr and Li elements have the greatest impact on the heat resistance of the product. These two elements are the main elements to ensure the heat resistance of the material. Without adding these two elements, the heat resistance is reduced to less than 90%. And these two elements also have a decisive influence on the tensile strength of the material. The two elements are combined with rare earth elements and Si elements to achieve age strengthening through two annealings, pushing the material strength to more than 275MPa. At the same time, the Er element has a significant impact on heat resistance and conductivity. The combination of Er and Zr elements can greatly improve the heat resistance, and the Er element and La+Ce element also have a great influence on each other's electrical properties and heat resistance. The heat resistance also dropped from 98.6% to 89.7 %, Si element can well promote the precipitation of Zr and Li elements, improve dispersion strengthening, and improve strength.
金属锂(Li)作为密度最低的金属，添加在铝中每1％就会降低铝3％的密度，本发明的铝合金材料添加1-1.3％的Li元素，所以可以很好的降低材料密度。Metal lithium (Li) is the metal with the lowest density. Every 1% added to aluminum will reduce the density of aluminum by 3%. The aluminum alloy material of the present invention adds 1-1.3% Li element, so it can very well reduce the density of the material. .
国标普通特耐热抗拉强度要求≥162MPa，本发明可以达到275MPa以上，主要是通过高的熔炼温度促使成分均匀分布，再高温浇铸配合高温退火来实现充分固溶Zr元素和Li元素，之后通过低温长时间热处理配合Si和稀土元素将Zr元素充分析出，实现弥散强化的目的，最后经过冷变形后再低温时效，促使Li元素的析出球形的Al3Li相，最终实现高抗拉强度，高导电率的目的。The national standard ordinary special heat-resistant tensile strength requirement is ≥162MPa. This invention can reach more than 275MPa, mainly through high melting temperature to promote uniform distribution of ingredients, and then high-temperature casting combined with high-temperature annealing to achieve full solid solution of Zr elements and Li elements, and then through Low-temperature and long-term heat treatment is combined with Si and rare earth elements to fully separate out the Zr element to achieve the purpose of dispersion strengthening. Finally, after cold deformation and low-temperature aging, the Li element is precipitated into a spherical Al3Li phase, ultimately achieving high tensile strength and high conductivity. the goal of.
显然，上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例，并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引申出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。 Obviously, the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other changes or modifications may be made based on the above description. An exhaustive list of all implementations is neither necessary nor possible. The obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种耐热铝合金导线的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：A method for preparing heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire, which is characterized by including the following steps:
    S1：将铝合金熔化后，加入AlB3和除钠精炼剂，一次精炼，得到铝液A；S1: After melting the aluminum alloy, add AlB 3 and sodium-removing refining agent, and perform one-time refining to obtain liquid aluminum A;
    S2：向所述铝液A中加入中间合金和除钠精炼剂，二次精炼，得到铝液B；所述中间合金包括AlSi20、AlLi3、AlRe10、AlEr10和AlZr10；S2: Add a master alloy and a sodium-removing refining agent to the aluminum liquid A, and perform secondary refining to obtain aluminum liquid B; the master alloy includes AlSi20, AlLi3, AlRe10, AlEr10 and AlZr10;
    S3：将所述铝液B通过在线加入铝硼丝处理后进行除杂，得到铝液C；S3: The aluminum liquid B is treated by adding aluminum boron wire online and then is impurity removed to obtain aluminum liquid C;
    S4：将所述铝液C浇铸后轧制，得到铝杆；S4: Cast the aluminum liquid C and then roll it to obtain an aluminum rod;
    S5：将所述铝杆双级热处理，冷拉拔后得到所述耐热铝合金导线；S5: Double-stage heat treatment of the aluminum rod, and obtain the heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire after cold drawing;
    所述双级热处理的方法为：4-5h内升温至560-590℃，保温20-50h后降温至475-490℃，保温120-150h后降至室温；The two-stage heat treatment method is: heating to 560-590°C within 4-5 hours, cooling to 475-490°C after being kept for 20-50 hours, and then lowered to room temperature after being kept for 120-150 hours;
    所述冷拉拔的方法为：将双级热处理后的铝杆经过6道次拉拔至5-6mm后，于250-270℃保温15-25h后降至室温，经过5道次拉拔至3.0-3.5mm；The cold drawing method is: after the double-stage heat-treated aluminum rod is drawn to 5-6mm in 6 passes, it is kept at 250-270°C for 15-25 hours and then lowered to room temperature, and is drawn to 5-6mm in 5 passes. 3.0-3.5mm;
    所述耐热铝合金导线，由以下重量百分比的组分组成：Si：0.10-0.15％，Fe≤0.20％，Zr：0.55-0.70％，Li：1.0-1.3％，Er：0.10-0.20％，La和Ce的总量：0.06-0.12％；Cr、Mn、V和Ti的总量＜0.004％，余量为Al和其他不可避免的杂质。The heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire is composed of the following components by weight: Si: 0.10-0.15%, Fe≤0.20%, Zr: 0.55-0.70%, Li: 1.0-1.3%, Er: 0.10-0.20%, The total amount of La and Ce: 0.06-0.12%; the total amount of Cr, Mn, V and Ti is <0.004%, and the balance is Al and other inevitable impurities.
  2. 如权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S1中，熔化的温度为920-960℃。The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S1, the melting temperature is 920-960°C.
  3. 如权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S1中，铝合金和AlB3质量比为1000：3-5。The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S1, the mass ratio of aluminum alloy and AlB 3 is 1000:3-5.
  4. 如权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S2中，铝液A降温至900-920℃后加入中间合金和除钠精炼剂。The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S2, the aluminum liquid A is cooled to 900-920°C and then a master alloy and a sodium-removing refining agent are added.
  5. 如权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S2中，二次精炼的方法为：于900-920℃，闷炉20-30min后静置30-40min。The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the step S2, the secondary refining method is: furnace at 900-920°C for 20-30 minutes and then left to stand for 30-40 minutes.
  6. 如权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S3中，除杂的方法为：通过除气箱除气后采用过滤箱进行双级过滤；所述过滤箱包括40目的过滤板和60目的过滤板。The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S3, the impurity removal method is: degassing through a degassing box and then using a filter box to perform two-stage filtration; the filter box includes a 40-mesh filter plate and 60 mesh filter plate.
  7. 如权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S4中，浇铸的条件为：温度840-860℃，速度为5.0-5.5t/h，出坯温度450-470℃。The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S4, the casting conditions are: temperature 840-860°C, speed 5.0-5.5t/h, and blanking temperature 450-470°C.
  8. 如权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S4中，轧制的条件为：进轧温度520-580℃，终轧温度100-200℃。The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the step S4, the rolling conditions are: the rolling temperature is 520-580°C, and the final rolling temperature is 100-200°C.
  9. 如权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，每次拉拔的变形量均为15-20％。 The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that the deformation amount of each drawing is 15-20%.
  10. 一种权利要求1-9中任一项所述制备方法制备得到的耐热铝合金导线。 A heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-9.
PCT/CN2023/104948 2022-07-06 2023-06-30 Heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire and preparation method therefor WO2024008003A1 (en)

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CN104087770A (en) * 2014-06-28 2014-10-08 北京工业大学 Preparation method of high-conductivity heat-resistant aluminum alloy
JP2017078216A (en) * 2015-10-22 2017-04-27 昭和電工株式会社 Manufacturing method of heat resistant aluminum alloy material
CN106893897A (en) * 2017-02-27 2017-06-27 广东省材料与加工研究所 A kind of heat-resistant rare earth aluminium alloy conductor and its manufacture method
CN114086033A (en) * 2021-11-25 2022-02-25 江苏亨通电力特种导线有限公司 Super heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire and preparation method thereof
CN115233024A (en) * 2022-07-06 2022-10-25 江苏亨通电力特种导线有限公司 Heat-resistant aluminum alloy conductor and preparation method thereof

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104087770A (en) * 2014-06-28 2014-10-08 北京工业大学 Preparation method of high-conductivity heat-resistant aluminum alloy
JP2017078216A (en) * 2015-10-22 2017-04-27 昭和電工株式会社 Manufacturing method of heat resistant aluminum alloy material
CN106893897A (en) * 2017-02-27 2017-06-27 广东省材料与加工研究所 A kind of heat-resistant rare earth aluminium alloy conductor and its manufacture method
CN114086033A (en) * 2021-11-25 2022-02-25 江苏亨通电力特种导线有限公司 Super heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire and preparation method thereof
CN115233024A (en) * 2022-07-06 2022-10-25 江苏亨通电力特种导线有限公司 Heat-resistant aluminum alloy conductor and preparation method thereof

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