CN114875282A - High-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
High-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of overhead conductors of power transmission lines in the power industry, in particular to a high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material and a preparation method and application thereof. The invention provides a high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.002-0.025% of B; 0.50-0.60% Si; 0.65-0.72% Mg; 0.05-0.10% Ce; 0.04-0.06% Cu; 0.08-0.12% Fe; (Cr + Mn + V + Ti) is less than or equal to 0.009%, and the balance is aluminum and inevitable trace impurities, wherein the mass ratio of Mg to Si is (1.2-1.3): 1. the high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material provided by the invention has high tensile strength, high elongation and high conductivity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of overhead conductors of power transmission lines in the power industry, in particular to a high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the gradual construction of a clean low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system and the continuous implementation and promotion of a double-carbon target in China, a power grid puts higher requirements on the transmission capacity and the loss level of a power transmission line, and how to fully utilize more transmission electric quantity of a line corridor and reduce line loss becomes a hotspot of research in the power industry.
The overhead conductor is an important carrier for power transmission of a power grid, and the comprehensive performance of the overhead conductor directly influences the safety of power transmission and the energy transmission efficiency. The high strength of the overhead conductor can ensure the safe operation of the conductor in severe service environments such as ice coating, wind load and the like, and the high conductivity can improve the electric energy transmission efficiency of the power transmission line and reduce the power transmission loss. The high-strength aluminum alloy conductor has the outstanding advantages of small integral direct current resistance, low line loss, large current-carrying capacity, high tensile strength, light weight, good sag characteristic, excellent corrosion resistance and the like, can save a large amount of metal materials and capital construction investment, is particularly suitable for overhead transmission lines needing long distance, large span and the like, can obviously improve the electric energy transmission efficiency, and ensures the safety and reliability of the line. The high-strength aluminum alloy overhead conductor is applied to power transmission line engineering in large scale at foreign countries, and accounts for more than 60%. According to the successful application experience in the world and the good comprehensive performance of the lead, the novel energy-saving leads such as a high-strength all-aluminum alloy lead, a high-strength aluminum alloy core high-conductivity hard aluminum lead and the like have wide application prospects in power transmission line engineering such as long distance, long span and the like.
The high-conductivity and high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament round wire matured at home at present mainly has two models, namely an LHA1 model (the conductivity is more than or equal to 52.5 percent IACS, and the tensile strength is more than or equal to 315MPa) and an LHA2 model (the conductivity is more than or equal to 53.0 percent IACS, and the tensile strength is more than or equal to 295 MPa). The electric conductivity of the high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament required by the national standard GB/T23308-2009 aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy round wire for overhead stranded wire is 52.5% -IACS-53% -IACS, but the existing aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy monofilament material is difficult to give consideration to high tensile strength, elongation and high electric conductivity, so that the development of an aluminum alloy monofilament material which can give consideration to high tensile strength, elongation and high electric conductivity is urgently needed, and the manufacturing level of the aluminum alloy energy-saving wire in China is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defect that the existing aluminum-magnesium-silicon series aluminum alloy monofilament material is difficult to have high tensile strength, elongation and high conductivity, so that the high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material, and the preparation method and the application thereof are provided.
The invention provides a high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.002-0.025% of B; 0.50-0.60% Si; 0.65-0.72% Mg; 0.05-0.10% Ce; 0.04-0.06% Cu; 0.08-0.12% Fe; (Cr + Mn + V + Ti) is less than or equal to 0.009%, and the balance is aluminum and inevitable trace impurities, wherein the mass ratio of Mg to Si is (1.2-1.3): 1.
the action and mechanism of each alloy element are as follows:
si: silicon is one of the most common alloy elements of the aluminum alloy, can improve the casting performance and welding fluidity of the aluminum alloy, and can also enable the aluminum alloy to have higher mechanical properties. As the Si content increases, the conductivity of the alloy decreases. This is because increasing the Si content in the alloy increases the amount of free Si in the aluminum matrix, and an excessive increase in the Si content decreases the effective conductive cross-sectional area of the aluminum matrix, decreasing the electrical conductivity of the alloy.
Mg: the strengthening of magnesium to aluminum is evident, in Al-Mg-Si alloys magnesium and silicon form Mg 2 The Si strengthening phase plays a strengthening role in the alloy; at the same time, Mg 2 The Si strengthening phase also has a certain influence on the conductivity of the alloy. When the Mg content is low, the alloy has high conductivity and low strength, but the Mg is excessive and is heat-treated to make the Mg 2 When Si is fully precipitated, the alloy has higher conductivity.
B: after a certain amount of B element is added into the aluminum alloy, the B element can react with transition group impurity elements such as Cr, Mn, V, Ti and the like, so that the B element is converted from a solid solution state to a compound state and is deposited at the bottom of a melt, and the conductivity of the aluminum alloy is improved.
Ce: the addition of rare earth element Ce in the aluminum can effectively purify the aluminum liquid, and the added Ce forms stable intermetallic compounds with harmful impurities dissolved in the aluminum and precipitates in the grain boundaryThe solid solubility of the impurity elements in aluminum is reduced, thereby improving the conductivity of aluminum. Reaction of Ce with Al to form Al 4 The Ce dispersed phase can be used as a heterogeneous nucleation core during crystal nucleation, and can promote the formation of other precipitated phases during the aging process of the Al-Mg-Si alloy, thereby refining the grain structure, hindering dislocation movement and the combination of subgrain boundaries, improving the recrystallization temperature and improving the strength. Meanwhile, the Ce element can remarkably improve the ductility of the alloy, because the Ce element can change the shape and the size of the beta-Al 5FeSi phase.
Cu: the addition of a proper amount of copper in the aluminum alloy can improve the tensile strength and the elongation of the aluminum alloy, and the aluminum alloy is easy to draw and process. Cu generated with Al and Fe after Cu element is added 2 FeAl 7 、CuAl 2 Increases the crystal core in the melt, refines the as-cast structure of the material after crystallization, and has hard phase particles Cu after aging treatment 2 FeAl 7 、CuAl 2 The material is dispersed in the tissue, so that the movement of crystal boundaries and the movement of pinning dislocation are further hindered, and the tensile strength and the elongation of the material are obviously improved by the strong dispersion strengthening effect.
Fe: iron is detrimental to the mechanical properties of cast aluminum because it usually appears as coarse primary crystals or as aluminum-iron-silicon compounds, which increase the hardness of aluminum to some extent but reduce the plasticity of aluminum. Iron can increase the strength of the aluminum conductor without significantly reducing its electrical conductivity. Too high an amount of Fe will result in a significant increase in resistivity.
V, Mn, Cr, Ti: the four elements are all impurity elements in electrician pure aluminum. When impurity elements of Cr, Mn, V, and Ti in the aluminum material exist in a solid solution state, free electrons in the material are easily absorbed to fill the incomplete electron layer, and the decrease in the number of free electrons that function as electric conduction leads to an increase in the resistivity of the aluminum material. The content of Cr, Mn, V and Ti impurity elements is strictly controlled, which has an important effect on ensuring the conductivity of the aluminum conductor.
Preferably, the conductivity of the high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material is not less than 55.5% IACS, the tensile strength is not less than 325.0MPa, and the elongation is not less than 5.0%.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material, which comprises the following steps:
1) smelting the raw materials according to the formula proportion to obtain an aluminum alloy solution;
2) refining, filtering and casting the aluminum alloy solution to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;
3) carrying out first heat treatment on the aluminum alloy cast ingot, and then rolling to obtain an aluminum alloy round rod;
4) and carrying out solid solution, wire drawing and aging on the aluminum alloy round rod to obtain the high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material.
Preferably, the smelting process in the step 1) comprises the following steps: smelting an industrial aluminum ingot at 730-740 ℃, adding an Al-B intermediate alloy, stirring, standing for 20-30min, heating to 740-750 ℃, keeping the temperature for 20-30min, adding an Al-Si intermediate alloy, stirring, keeping the temperature at 740-750 ℃ for 20-30min, cooling to 720-730 ℃, adding an Al-Mg intermediate alloy, stirring, keeping the temperature at 720-730 ℃ for 20-30min, adding an Al-Cu intermediate alloy and an Al-Ce intermediate alloy, stirring 2-3 times after all alloy materials are melted, wherein the stirring time is 10-15 min each time, and the stirring interval time is 10-15 min each time.
Preferably, the content of Al in the industrial aluminum ingot is 99.7-99.8 wt%, the content of Fe is less than or equal to 0.085 wt%, the content of Si is less than or equal to 0.036 wt%, and the total content of Cr, Mn, V and Ti is less than or equal to 0.009 wt%;
the Al-B intermediate alloy comprises 2-3 wt% of B, 2-3 wt% of Si, 5-10 wt% of Mg, 10-20 wt% of Cu and 3-5 wt% of Ce.
Preferably, the refining step in step 2) comprises: controlling the temperature of the aluminum alloy solution to be 720-730 ℃, introducing nitrogen and a refining agent into the solution, stirring for 15-20 min after introducing the nitrogen for 10-15 min, standing for 20-30min, and removing slag to obtain a refined aluminum alloy solution;
in the filtering step, an aluminum oxide ceramic filter screen is adopted for filtering, the porosity of the filter screen is 70-75%, and the mesh size is 70-80 meshes;
the casting step is carried out in a red copper mold, and the red copper mold is preheated to 180-200 ℃ before casting.
Preferably, the purity of the nitrogen is not less than 99.99%, and the addition amount of the refining agent is 0.1-0.2% of the weight of the aluminum alloy solution.
Preferably, the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 25-30% NaCl, 10-15% KCl, 40-50% NaF, 5-15% Na 3 AlF 6 。
Preferably, the first heat treatment temperature is 500-510 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-2 h;
the solid solution step comprises: keeping the temperature of the aluminum alloy round rod at 540-560 ℃ for 2-3 h, and then putting the aluminum alloy round rod into water for water quenching;
in the step of drawing, the drawing speed is 6-8 m/s, the drawing temperature is 40-50 ℃, and the single-pass deformation is 5-8%;
in the aging step, the aging temperature is 170-185 ℃, and the aging time is 6-8 h.
The invention also provides a power transmission conductor which comprises the high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material or the high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material prepared by the preparation method.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material provided by the invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.002-0.025% of B; 0.50-0.60% Si; 0.65-0.72% Mg; 0.05-0.10% Ce; 0.04-0.06% Cu; 0.08-0.12% Fe; (Cr + Mn + V + Ti) is less than or equal to 0.01 percent, and the balance is aluminum and inevitable trace impurities, wherein the mass ratio of Mg to Si is (1.2-1.3): 1.
according to the invention, alloying elements B, Si, Mg, Ce and Cu are added into the aluminum alloy, and by controlling the contents of the alloying elements B, Si, Mg, Ce and Cu, the total content of iron and (Cr + Mn + V + Ti), and the mass ratio of Mg to Si is (1.2-1.3): 1, the impurity content of the aluminum alloy can be effectively reduced, and the tensile strength and the elongation of the material are improved while the conductivity of the material is improved, so that the aluminum alloy material is ensured to have high conductivity and good tensile strength and elongation.
2. In the preparation method of the aluminum alloy monofilament material, firstly, raw materials are smelted according to a formula proportion to obtain an aluminum alloy solution; refining, filtering and casting the aluminum alloy solution to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot; carrying out first heat treatment on the aluminum alloy cast ingot, and then rolling to obtain an aluminum alloy round rod; and carrying out solid solution, wire drawing and aging on the aluminum alloy round rod to obtain the high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material. Due to the fact that trace elements B, Cu and Ce are added into the alloy material, through first heat treatment and solid solution and aging treatment, the strength and the elongation are improved, and meanwhile the excellent conductivity of the material is guaranteed.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further understand the present invention, not to limit the scope of the present invention, but to provide the best mode, not to limit the content and the protection scope of the present invention, and any product similar or similar to the present invention, which is obtained by combining the present invention with other prior art features, falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
The examples do not show the specific experimental steps or conditions, and can be performed according to the conventional experimental steps described in the literature in the field. The reagents or instruments used are conventional reagent products which are commercially available, and manufacturers are not indicated.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.65% of Mg, 0.50% of Si, 0.04% of Cu0.018% of B, 0.05% of Ce, (Cr + Mn + V + Ti) 0.008% of Fe 0.089% of the balance of aluminum and inevitable trace impurities.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material, which comprises the following steps:
1) 57.92kg of Al was added99.7 percent of industrial aluminum ingot (wherein the mass content of Fe in the industrial aluminum ingot is 0.085 percent, the mass content of Si is 0.036 percent, and the total mass content of Cr, Mn, V and Ti is 0.0082 percent) is placed in a smelting furnace to be smelted at 730 ℃, 1.0kg of Al-B intermediate alloy (the mass content of B in the Al-B alloy is 2.5 percent) is added after the industrial aluminum ingot is completely smelted, the mixture is subjected to boronization treatment, the mixture is stirred uniformly, is stood for 30min and heated to 750 ℃, is subjected to heat preservation for 30min, is added with 25kg of Al-Si intermediate alloy (the mass content of Si in the Al-Si alloy is 2 percent), is stirred uniformly, is subjected to heat preservation at 750 ℃ for 30min and then cooled to 730 ℃, is added with 14kg of Al-Mg intermediate alloy (the mass content of Mg in the Al-Mg alloy is 5 percent), is stirred uniformly, and is added with 0.4kg of Al-Cu intermediate alloy (the mass content of Cu in the Al-Cu alloy is 10 percent) and 1.68kg of Al-Mg intermediate alloy is added after the temperature preservation for 20min at 730 DEG Gold (the mass content of Ce in the Al-Ce alloy is 3%), stirring for 3 times after all the raw materials are completely melted, wherein the stirring time is 10min each time, and the stirring interval time is 10min each time, so as to obtain an aluminum alloy solution; controlling the temperature of the aluminum alloy solution to 730 ℃, and introducing high-purity nitrogen with the purity of 99.99 percent and 0.1kg of refining agent at the bottom of the aluminum alloy solution (wherein the refining agent comprises the following components of 0.03kg of NaCl, 0.015kg of KCl, 0.04kg of NaF and 0.015kg of Na 3 AlF 6 ) Ventilating for 15min, stirring for 20min, standing for 30min, and removing slag; filtering and removing impurities from the aluminum alloy solution subjected to slagging-off by adopting an aluminum oxide ceramic filter screen (the porosity of the filter screen is 70 percent, and the mesh size is 70 meshes), and casting the filtered aluminum alloy solution into a red copper material mold preheated at 180 ℃ to prepare an aluminum alloy cast ingot with the size of 25 multiplied by 400 mm;
2) keeping the temperature of the aluminum alloy cast ingot obtained in the step 1) at 500 ℃ for 2h, and then continuously rolling the aluminum alloy cast ingot into an aluminum alloy round rod with the diameter of 9.5mm by using a rolling mill; keeping the temperature of an aluminum alloy round rod at 540 ℃ for 3h, and immediately putting the aluminum alloy round rod into cooling water at 25 ℃ for water quenching; carrying out multi-pass drawing on the water-quenched aluminum alloy round rod on a wire drawing machine at the temperature of 40 ℃ at the speed of 6m/s, wherein the deformation of a single pass is 8% until the aluminum alloy round rod becomes an aluminum alloy round monofilament with the diameter of 3.22 mm; and aging the aluminum alloy round monofilament in a box type heat treatment furnace at the temperature of 170 ℃ for 8h, and air-cooling the aluminum alloy round monofilament to room temperature after the aging is finished to obtain the high-strength aluminum alloy round monofilament.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.68% of Mg0.68%, 0.56% of Si0.06% of Cu, 0.020% of B, 0.06% of Ce, (Cr + Mn + V + Ti) 0.0076%, Fe0.10%, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable trace impurities.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material, which comprises the following steps:
1) putting 72.4kg of an industrial pure aluminum ingot with 99.8% of Al (wherein the mass content of Fe in the industrial aluminum ingot is 0.085%, the mass content of Si is 0.034%, and the total mass content of Cr, Mn, V and Ti is 0.0081%) into a smelting furnace, smelting at 740 ℃, after the industrial pure aluminum ingot is completely melted, adding 0.7kg of Al-B intermediate alloy (the mass content of B in the Al-B alloy is 3%), carrying out boronization treatment, uniformly stirring, standing for 30min, heating to 750 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30min, adding 18.4kg of Al-Si intermediate alloy (the mass content of Si in the Al-Si alloy is 3%), uniformly stirring, keeping the temperature for 30min at 750 ℃, cooling to 720 ℃, adding 7.0kg of Al-Mg intermediate alloy (the mass content of Mg in the Al-Mg alloy), uniformly stirring, keeping the temperature for 30min at 720 ℃, adding 0.3kg of Al-Cu intermediate alloy (the mass content of Cu in the Al-Cu alloy is 20%) and 1.2kg of Al-Ce intermediate alloy (the mass content of Ce in the Al-Ce alloy is 5%), stirring for 2 times after all the raw materials are completely melted, wherein the stirring time is 15min each time, and the stirring interval time is 15min each time, so as to obtain an aluminum alloy solution; controlling the temperature of the aluminum alloy solution to 720 ℃, and introducing high-purity nitrogen with the purity of 99.99 percent and 0.2kg of refining agent (wherein the refining agent comprises 0.06kg of NaCl, 0.03kg of KCl, 0.1kg of NaF and 0.01kg of Na) at the bottom of the aluminum alloy solution 3 AlF 6 ) Ventilating for 10min, stirring for 15min, standing for 20min, and removing slag; filtering the aluminum alloy solution after slagging off by adopting an aluminum oxide ceramic filter screen (the porosity of the filter screen is 75 percent, and the mesh size is 80 meshes), removing impurities, and casting the filtered aluminum alloy solution at 200 ℃ in advancePreparing an aluminum alloy cast ingot with the size of 25 multiplied by 400mm in the heated red copper mold;
2) keeping the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step 1) at 510 ℃ for 1h, and then continuously rolling the aluminum alloy ingot into an aluminum alloy round rod with the diameter of 9.5mm by using a rolling mill; keeping the temperature of an aluminum alloy round rod at 560 ℃ for 2h, and immediately putting the aluminum alloy round rod into cooling water at the temperature of 25 ℃ for water quenching; carrying out multi-pass drawing on the aluminum alloy round rod subjected to water quenching on a wire drawing machine at the temperature of 50 ℃ at the speed of 8m/s, wherein the deformation of a single pass is 5% until the aluminum alloy round rod becomes an aluminum alloy round monofilament with the diameter of 3.22 mm; and aging the aluminum alloy round monofilament in a box type heat treatment furnace at the temperature of 185 ℃ for 6h, and air-cooling the aluminum alloy round monofilament to room temperature after the aging is finished to obtain the high-strength aluminum alloy round monofilament.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.70% of Mg0.70%, 0.58% of Si0.05% of Cu, 0.025% of B, 0.07% of Ce, (Cr + Mn + V + Ti) 0.0079% of Fe0.11%, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable trace impurities.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material, which comprises the following steps:
1) putting 62.9kg of an industrial pure aluminum ingot with 99.7% of Al (wherein the mass content of Fe in the industrial aluminum ingot is 0.095%, the mass content of Si is 0.032%, and the total mass content of Cr, Mn, V and Ti is 0.0083%) into a smelting furnace, smelting at 730 ℃, adding 1.3kg of Al-B intermediate alloy (the mass content of B in the Al-B alloy is 2%) after the industrial pure aluminum ingot is completely melted, carrying out boronization treatment, stirring uniformly, standing for 20min, heating to 740 ℃, keeping the temperature for 20min, adding 18kg of Al-Si intermediate alloy (the mass content of Si in the Al-Si alloy is 3%), stirring uniformly, keeping the temperature for 20min at 740 ℃, cooling to 720 ℃, adding 15kg of Al-Mg intermediate alloy (the mass content of Mg in the Al-Mg alloy is 5%), stirring uniformly, keeping the temperature for 30min at 720 ℃, 0.5kg of Al-Cu master alloy (the mass content of Cu in the Al-Cu alloy is 10%) and 2.3kg of Al-Ce master alloy (the mass content of Ce in the Al-Ce alloy is 3%) are added until the balance is achievedStirring for 3 times after all the raw materials are completely melted, wherein the stirring time is 15min each time, and the stirring interval time is 15min each time, so as to obtain an aluminum alloy solution; controlling the temperature of the aluminum alloy solution to 720 ℃, and introducing high-purity nitrogen with the purity of 99.99 percent and 0.15kg of refining agent (wherein the refining agent comprises 0.0375kg of NaCl, 0.015kg of KCl, 0.075kg of NaF and 0.0225kg of Na) 3 AlF 6 ) Ventilating for 10min, stirring for 20min, standing for 20min, and removing slag; filtering and removing impurities from the aluminum alloy solution subjected to slagging-off by adopting an aluminum oxide ceramic filter screen (the porosity of the filter screen is 70 percent, and the mesh size is 70 meshes), and casting the filtered aluminum alloy solution into a red copper material mold preheated at 180 ℃ to prepare an aluminum alloy cast ingot with the size of 25 multiplied by 400 mm;
2) keeping the temperature of the aluminum alloy cast ingot obtained in the step 1) at 500 ℃ for 2h, and then continuously rolling the aluminum alloy cast ingot into an aluminum alloy round rod with the diameter of 9.5mm by using a rolling mill; preserving heat of an aluminum alloy round rod at 550 ℃ for 3h, and immediately putting the aluminum alloy round rod into cooling water at 25 ℃ for water quenching; carrying out multi-pass drawing on the water-quenched aluminum alloy round rod on a wire drawing machine at the temperature of 45 ℃ at the speed of 6m/s, wherein the deformation of a single pass is 5% until the aluminum alloy round rod becomes an aluminum alloy round monofilament with the diameter of 3.22 mm; and aging the aluminum alloy round monofilament in a box type heat treatment furnace at the temperature of 180 ℃ for 7h, and air-cooling the aluminum alloy round monofilament to room temperature after the aging is finished to obtain the high-strength aluminum alloy round monofilament.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.72% of Mg, 0.60% of Si, 0.05% of Cu0.022%, 0.10% of Ce, (Cr + Mn + V + Ti) 0.0078%, 0.12% of Fe, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable trace impurities.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material, which comprises the following steps:
1) 61.5kg of an industrial pure aluminum ingot with the Al content of 99.7 percent (wherein the mass content of Fe in the industrial aluminum ingot is 0.098 percent, the mass content of Si is 0.035 percent, and the total mass content of Cr, Mn, V and Ti is 0.0085 percent)) Smelting in a smelting furnace at 735 ℃, adding 1.2kg of Al-B intermediate alloy (the mass content of B in the Al-B alloy is 2%) after an industrial pure aluminum ingot is completely melted, carrying out boronization treatment, uniformly stirring, standing for 30min, heating to 740 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30min, adding 18.5kg of Al-Si intermediate alloy (the mass content of Si in the Al-Si alloy is 3%), uniformly stirring, keeping the temperature for 30min at 740 ℃, cooling to 730 ℃, adding 15kg of Al-Mg intermediate alloy (the mass content of Mg in the Al-Mg alloy is 5%), uniformly stirring, keeping the temperature for 30min at 730 ℃, adding 0.5kg of Al-Cu intermediate alloy (the mass content of Cu in the Al-Cu alloy is 10%) and 3.3kg of Al-Ce intermediate alloy (the mass content of Ce in the Al-Ce alloy is 3,percent), stirring for 3 times after all the raw materials are completely melted, wherein the stirring time is 15min each time, and the stirring interval time is 10min each time, so as to obtain an aluminum alloy solution; controlling the temperature of the aluminum alloy solution to 740 ℃, and introducing high-purity nitrogen with the purity of 99.99 percent and 0.1kg of refining agent (wherein the refining agent comprises 0.028kg of NaCl, 0.012kg of KCl, 0.05kg of NaF and 0.01kg of Na) 3 AlF 6 ) Ventilating for 15min, stirring for 20min, standing for 30min, and removing slag; filtering and removing impurities from the aluminum alloy solution subjected to slagging-off by adopting an aluminum oxide ceramic filter screen (the porosity of the filter screen is 70 percent, and the mesh size is 70 meshes), and casting the filtered aluminum alloy solution into a red copper material mold preheated at 180 ℃ to prepare an aluminum alloy cast ingot with the size of 25 multiplied by 400 mm;
2) keeping the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step 1) at 510 ℃ for 2h, and then continuously rolling the aluminum alloy ingot into an aluminum alloy round rod with the diameter of 9.5mm by using a rolling mill; keeping the temperature of an aluminum alloy round rod at 550 ℃ for 2h, and immediately putting the aluminum alloy round rod into cooling water at 25 ℃ for water quenching; carrying out multi-pass drawing on the water-quenched aluminum alloy round rod on a wire drawing machine at the temperature of 45 ℃ at the speed of 7m/s, wherein the deformation of a single pass is 6% until the aluminum alloy round rod becomes an aluminum alloy round monofilament with the diameter of 3.22 mm; and aging the aluminum alloy round monofilament in a box type heat treatment furnace at the temperature of 175 ℃ for 8h, and air-cooling the aluminum alloy round monofilament to room temperature after the aging is finished to obtain the high-strength aluminum alloy round monofilament.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.68% of Mg, 0.54% of Si, 0.05% of Cu0.02% of B, 0.08% of Ce, (0.008% of Cr + Mn + V + Ti), 0.12% of Fe, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable trace impurities.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material, which comprises the following steps:
1) putting 66.0kg of an industrial pure aluminum ingot with 99.7 percent of Al (wherein the mass content of Fe in the industrial aluminum ingot is 0.101 percent, the mass content of Si is 0.032 percent, and the total mass content of Cr, Mn, V and Ti is 0.0083 percent) into a smelting furnace, smelting at 730 ℃, adding 0.8kg of Al-B intermediate alloy (the mass content of B in the Al-B alloy is 3 percent) after the industrial pure aluminum ingot is completely melted, carrying out boronization treatment, uniformly stirring, standing for 30min, heating to 750 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30min, adding 16.6kg of Al-Si intermediate alloy (the mass content of Si in the Al-Si alloy), uniformly stirring, cooling to 730 ℃ after keeping the temperature for 30min at 750 ℃, adding 14.5kg of Al-Mg intermediate alloy (the mass content of Mg in the Al-Mg alloy), uniformly stirring, keeping the temperature for 20min at 730 ℃, adding 0.5kg of Al-Cu intermediate alloy (the mass content of Cu in the Al-Cu alloy is 10%) and 1.6kg of Al-Ce intermediate alloy (the mass content of Ce in the Al-Ce alloy is 5%), stirring for 3 times after all the raw materials are completely melted, wherein the stirring time is 15min each time, and the stirring interval time is 15min each time, so as to obtain an aluminum alloy solution; controlling the temperature of the aluminum alloy solution to 730 ℃, and introducing high-purity nitrogen with the purity of 99.99 percent and 0.15kg of refining agent (wherein the refining agent comprises 0.045kg of NaCl, 0.0195kg of KCl, 0.0675kg of NaF and 0.018kg of Na) into the bottom of the aluminum alloy solution 3 AlF 6 ) Ventilating for 15min, stirring for 15min, standing for 30min, and removing slag; filtering and removing impurities from the aluminum alloy solution subjected to slag skimming by adopting an aluminum oxide ceramic filter screen (the porosity of the filter screen is 75 percent, and the mesh size is 70 meshes), casting the filtered aluminum alloy solution into a red copper mold preheated at 200 ℃, and preparing an aluminum alloy cast ingot with the size of 25 multiplied by 400 mm;
2) keeping the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step 1) at 500 ℃ for 1h, and then continuously rolling the aluminum alloy ingot into an aluminum alloy round rod with the diameter of 9.5mm by using a rolling mill; keeping the temperature of an aluminum alloy round rod at 560 ℃ for 2.5h, and immediately putting the aluminum alloy round rod into cooling water at the temperature of 25 ℃ for water quenching; carrying out multi-pass drawing on the aluminum alloy round rod subjected to water quenching on a wire drawing machine at the temperature of 40 ℃ at the speed of 6m/s, wherein the deformation of a single pass is 5% until the aluminum alloy round rod becomes an aluminum alloy round monofilament with the diameter of 3.22 mm; and aging the aluminum alloy round monofilament in a box type heat treatment furnace at the temperature of 185 ℃ for 6h, and air-cooling the aluminum alloy round monofilament to room temperature after the aging is finished to obtain the high-strength aluminum alloy round monofilament.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides an aluminum alloy monofilament material which is different from example 1 of the present application in that the content of Mg in the high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material is 0.75 wt%.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example provides an aluminum alloy monofilament material which is different from example 1 of the present application in that the content of Si in the high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material is 0.63 wt%.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example provides an aluminum alloy monofilament material which is different from example 1 of the present application in that the content of Mg is 0.7 wt% and the content of Si is 0.5 wt% in the high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example provides an aluminum alloy monofilament material that differs from the present application, example 1, in that Ce is not contained in the high strength aluminum alloy monofilament material.
Test example
The high strength aluminum alloy monofilament material obtained in examples 1 to 5 and the aluminum alloy monofilament material obtained in comparative examples 1 to 4 were tested for room temperature conductivity, room temperature tensile strength, and elongation.
The conductivity at room temperature is tested by GB/T3048.2-2007 standard at 20 ℃;
the tensile strength at room temperature is tested by adopting the GB/T4909.3-2009 standard at the temperature of 20 ℃;
the elongation is tested by GB/T4909.3-2009 standard;
the results of the room temperature conductivity, room temperature tensile strength and elongation are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material of the present invention has significant advantages in combination properties, particularly, room-temperature conductivity greater than 55.5% IACS, room-temperature tensile strength greater than 325.0MPa, and elongation greater than or equal to 5.0%.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 0.002-0.025% of B; 0.50-0.60% Si; 0.65-0.72% Mg; 0.05-0.10% Ce; 0.04-0.06% Cu; 0.08-0.12% Fe; (Cr + Mn + V + Ti) is less than or equal to 0.009%, and the balance is aluminum and inevitable trace impurities, wherein the mass ratio of Mg to Si is (1.2-1.3): 1.
2. the high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material has an electrical conductivity of 55.5% or more IACS, a tensile strength of 325.0MPa or more, and an elongation of 5.0% or more.
3. The method for preparing the high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which comprises the steps of:
1) smelting the raw materials according to the formula proportion to obtain an aluminum alloy solution;
2) refining, filtering and casting the aluminum alloy solution to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot;
3) carrying out first heat treatment on the aluminum alloy cast ingot, and then rolling to obtain an aluminum alloy round rod;
4) and carrying out solid solution, wire drawing and aging on the aluminum alloy round rod to obtain the high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material.
4. The method for preparing the high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material as claimed in claim 3, wherein the smelting process in the step 1) comprises the following steps: smelting an industrial aluminum ingot at 730-740 ℃, adding an Al-B intermediate alloy, stirring, standing for 20-30min, heating to 740-750 ℃, keeping the temperature for 20-30min, adding an Al-Si intermediate alloy, stirring, keeping the temperature at 740-750 ℃ for 20-30min, cooling to 720-730 ℃, adding an Al-Mg intermediate alloy, stirring, keeping the temperature at 720-730 ℃ for 20-30min, adding an Al-Cu intermediate alloy and an Al-Ce intermediate alloy, stirring 2-3 times after all alloy materials are melted, wherein the stirring time is 10-15 min each time, and the stirring interval time is 10-15 min each time.
5. The method for preparing the high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material as claimed in claim 4, wherein the content of Al in the industrial aluminum ingot is 99.7-99.8 wt%, the content of Fe is less than or equal to 0.085 wt%, the content of Si is less than or equal to 0.036 wt%, and the total content of Cr, Mn, V and Ti is less than or equal to 0.009 wt%;
the Al-B intermediate alloy comprises 2-3 wt% of B, 2-3 wt% of Si, 5-10 wt% of Mg, 10-20 wt% of Cu and 3-5 wt% of Ce.
6. The method for preparing a high strength aluminum alloy monofilament material as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the refining step in step 2) comprises: controlling the temperature of the aluminum alloy solution to be 720-730 ℃, introducing nitrogen and a refining agent into the solution, stirring for 15-20 min after introducing the nitrogen for 10-15 min, standing for 20-30min, and removing slag to obtain a refined aluminum alloy solution;
in the filtering step, an aluminum oxide ceramic filter screen is adopted for filtering, the porosity of the filter screen is 70-75%, and the mesh size is 70-80 meshes;
the casting step is carried out in a red copper mold, and the red copper mold is preheated to 180-200 ℃ before casting.
7. The method for preparing a high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein the purity of the nitrogen gas is not less than 99.99%, and the refining agent is added in an amount of 0.1 to 0.2% by weight of the aluminum alloy solution.
8. The method for preparing the high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 7, wherein the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 25-30% NaCl, 10-15% KCl, 40-50% NaF, 5-15% Na 3 AlF 6 。
9. The preparation method of the high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 8, wherein the first heat treatment temperature is 500 ℃ to 510 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1 to 2 hours;
the solid solution step comprises: keeping the temperature of the aluminum alloy round rod at 540-560 ℃ for 2-3 h, and then putting the aluminum alloy round rod into water for water quenching;
in the step of drawing, the drawing speed is 6-8 m/s, the drawing temperature is 40-50 ℃, and the single-pass deformation is 5-8%;
in the aging step, the aging temperature is 170-185 ℃, and the aging time is 6-8 h.
10. An electric power transmission conductor comprising the high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material according to any one of claims 1 to 2 or the high-strength aluminum alloy monofilament material produced by the production method according to any one of claims 3 to 9.
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| CN115821129A (en) * | 2022-12-24 | 2023-03-21 | 国网河南省电力公司南阳供电公司 | High-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy energy-saving lead and preparation method thereof |
| CN116287826A (en) * | 2023-03-24 | 2023-06-23 | 承德天大钒业有限责任公司 | Production method of aluminum-tungsten alloy |
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