WO2023222309A1 - Procédé de localisation d'un court-circuit dans un système de tension continue et installation électrique - Google Patents

Procédé de localisation d'un court-circuit dans un système de tension continue et installation électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023222309A1
WO2023222309A1 PCT/EP2023/059544 EP2023059544W WO2023222309A1 WO 2023222309 A1 WO2023222309 A1 WO 2023222309A1 EP 2023059544 W EP2023059544 W EP 2023059544W WO 2023222309 A1 WO2023222309 A1 WO 2023222309A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electronic circuit
short circuit
circuit breaker
current
time
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2023/059544
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Shivansh BATRA
Thomas Beckert
Michael Hein
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2023222309A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023222309A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/04—Details with warning or supervision in addition to disconnection, e.g. for indicating that protective apparatus has functioned
    • H02H3/042—Details with warning or supervision in addition to disconnection, e.g. for indicating that protective apparatus has functioned combined with means for locating the fault
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/088—Aspects of digital computing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/087—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for dc applications
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • H02H7/268—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for dc systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0038—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the connection of the detecting means, e.g. for reducing their number
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • H02H7/265—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured making use of travelling wave theory

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for locating a short circuit in a DC voltage system and an electrical system with electronic circuit breakers.
  • Modern semiconductor circuit breakers (English: Semiconductor Circuit Breaker, SCCB for short, sometimes also Solid State Circuit Breaker, SSCB for short; the abbreviation SCCB is used below) are able to switch off electrical circuits much more quickly in the event of a short circuit than conventional circuit breakers ( English: Circuit Breaker). This advantageously leads to no further damage occurring on the electrical circuit and in particular at the short-circuit point beyond the damage that caused the short circuit. In particular, the short-circuit currents are limited quickly and to a much lower value, as a result of which less energy is supplied to the short-circuit point.
  • An object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method for localizing a short circuit in a DC voltage system.
  • An advantage of the invention is that the evaluation of two points in time makes it possible to localize a short circuit in a direct current system.
  • Modern electronic circuit breakers have current measuring devices in the main current path as well as evaluation devices that (among other things) evaluate the current-time curve and decide whether the circuit breaker remains closed or is triggered.
  • the present invention makes use of this ability of modern electronic circuit breakers in order to obtain the specified times, preferably from an evaluation of the current-time curve that can be determined by modern electronic circuit breakers without additional sensors at a high sampling rate, or a corresponding time stamp is generated when a Electronic circuit breaker detects a reference current value during a rising current curve that ultimately leads to the electronic circuit breaker being switched off.
  • the short circuit can be localized cost-effectively.
  • the required calculation steps can advantageously be carried out by a central element, for example a controller, or cost-effectively by one of the electronic circuit breakers.
  • a central element for example a controller
  • Fig. 1 is a basic circuit diagram of a DC voltage system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 a simplified flow diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a DC voltage system 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • the exemplary DC voltage system 100 has a DC voltage line (busbar) 104, to which four components 110, 120, 130, 140 are connected in the example shown.
  • busbar DC voltage line
  • a representation was chosen that is typical for many applications: a central component 140 feeds electrical energy into the DC voltage system 100, which can be taken from a first component 110 at a first connection 101 and at a second connection 102 can be removed from a second component 120 and can be removed from a third component 130 at a third connection 103.
  • SCCBs Electronic semiconductor circuit breakers
  • SCCBs Electronic semiconductor circuit breakers
  • SCCBs Electronic semiconductor circuit breakers
  • SCCBs Electronic semiconductor circuit breakers
  • SCCBs only selected security devices are designed as SCCBs and Other safety devices are designed, for example, as conventional circuit breakers or as fuses. The selection of conventional circuit breakers or SCCBs can depend on the component connected in each case.
  • the safety devices 111-141 are designed as electronic circuit breakers and have current measuring means for measuring the current flowing through the respective semiconductor circuit breaker.
  • the second component 120 and the third component 130 will be considered below, which are separably connected to the DC voltage line 104 by means of two SCCBs 121, 131.
  • the first, second and third components 110-130 are consumers or Loads that take the energy fed in by the central component 140 from the DC voltage system 100.
  • some or all of the components 110-130 may be sources and the central component 140 may be a component which, in the event of an excess of energy in the DC voltage system 100, releases this energy to a higher-level network (not shown).
  • components which, in addition to being coupled to the DC voltage line 103 by means of electronic circuit breakers, have capacitive elements, for example capacitors such as backup capacitors. This is assumed below for the second and third components.
  • the remaining components, in particular the central components 140, can of course also have capacitive elements.
  • Capacitive elements are common in DC components. Voltage converters of all kinds, for example Direct voltage to direct voltage (DC/DC) converters or direct voltage to alternating voltage (DC/AC) converters practically always have capacitive elements in the form of capacitors, especially in the DC intermediate circuit.
  • DC/DC Direct voltage to direct voltage
  • DC/AC direct voltage to alternating voltage
  • the DC voltage network 100 is a so-called DC microgrid, in which all in Fig. 1 components 110, 120, 130, 140 shown have corresponding capacitors.
  • Capacitances also occur in grounding circuits, so-called earth boxes.
  • Earth boxes for DC applications are characterized by the fact that both poles are connected to earth potential via a capacitor. Accordingly, Earth Boxes always have a certain amount of electrical charge and therefore a certain amount of electrical energy that can be released. Looking at the Fig. 1, some or all of the DC voltage lines leading to the components can be secured using an earth box (not shown).
  • the electronic circuit breakers 121, 131 of at least those components 120, 130 will usually be triggered. switch off that have capacitive elements, since these capacitances release their energy into the short circuit, which will be significantly lower-resistance than the usual energy flow path away from the respective capacitance, regardless of whether the respective component 120, 130 is a load or a Source is .
  • the capacitors/capacitors of the third component 130 begin to discharge into the short circuit.
  • the third electronic circuit breaker 131 uses its current measuring means to detect the current increase and the absolute value of the current and switches off in accordance with the switch-off conditions stored in the third electronic circuit breaker, for example if the current increase exceeds a certain value and / or if the absolute value of the current increased by the third electronic circuit breaker 131 flowing current exceeds a certain value.
  • the first point in time that is determined is the point in time at which the current flowing through the third electronic circuit breaker 131 is before or after. reaches a certain reference current value during the switch-off process.
  • a value below the current value at which the electronic circuit breaker 131 switches off is preferably selected as the reference current value, which is described in detail below, but can be set to this value in exemplary embodiments.
  • the capacitances/capacitors of the second component 120 will also discharge into the short circuit at point 103. Due to the inductance of the section of the DC voltage line between the connection point 102 of the second component to the DC voltage line 104 and the short circuit at point 103, the drop in the line voltage at point 102 is slightly delayed compared to the drop in the line voltage at point 103, which is why the discharging process of the capacitors / capacitors of the second component 120 in the short circuit occurs with a time delay compared to the discharging process of the capacitances/capacitors of the third component 130.
  • the second electronic circuit breaker 121 detects the current increase and the absolute value of the current by means of its current measuring means and switches off according to the switch-off conditions stored in the second electronic circuit breaker, for example when the current increase exceeds a certain value and / or when the absolute value of the current flowing through the second electronic circuit breaker 121 Current exceeds a certain value.
  • the second point in time is now determined as the point in time at which the current flowing through the second electronic circuit breaker 121 is before or after. reaches the reference current value during the switch-off process.
  • the determination of the two points in time does not have to take place in real time.
  • the current-time curves that lead to the electronic circuit breakers 121, 131 being switched off can be stored (temporarily) in storage means and the determination of the two points in time at which the current flowing through the electronic circuit breakers 121, 131 reaches the reference current value , can then be done subsequently based on the stored data, if necessary. through interpolation of the discrete-time measured values.
  • the storage means can be part of the electronic circuit breaker or part of a control device (not shown) of the DC voltage system 100, which in turn can be integrated in one of the electronic circuit breakers, which then represents a type of master circuit breaker (not shown).
  • a control device not shown
  • the storage means can be part of the electronic circuit breaker or part of a control device (not shown) of the DC voltage system 100, which in turn can be integrated in one of the electronic circuit breakers, which then represents a type of master circuit breaker (not shown).
  • the times are brought together in a processing unit and that the respective clocks or Time stamp generators of the electronic circuit breakers 121, 131 are synchronized or any clock deviations are subsequently taken into account.
  • Data exchange and if necessary. Clock synchronization are indicated by the dashed lines 105 and, as already mentioned, can be a central control or. Include processing facility.
  • the electronic circuit breakers 111, 141 of components 110, 140 that are further away from the short circuit switch off later if the components 110, 140 have capacities or are sources. This in turn delayed switching off occurs for the reasons already explained in connection with switching off the second electronic circuit breaker. In embodiments of the present invention, the times at which the current flowing through them reaches the reference current value are also determined for these circuit breakers.
  • Fig. 1 shows an example of a case in which the component 140 is the connection of the DC voltage system 100 to a higher-level network
  • the electronic circuit breaker 141 assigned to this component will typically have a different dimensioning and/or tripping characteristic than the electronic circuit breakers of the individual branches. In particular, its rated current and tripping current will be higher. It does not matter whether energy is taken from the higher-level network (components 110, 120, 130 are therefore primarily consumers) or whether energy is released into the higher-level network (components 110, 120, 130 are sources, for example renewable sources electrical energy such as photovoltaic systems or energy storage such as batteries or flywheels).
  • the method starts in step 210 with the already mentioned determination of the first point in time at which the current flowing through the electronic circuit breaker that first switches off due to a short circuit in the DC voltage line 104 corresponds to a reference current value.
  • this is the time at which the current flowing through the third electronic circuit breaker 131 reaches the reference current value for the first time before or during switching off.
  • the determination can take place in real time or quasi-real time during the shutdown process or subsequently by evaluating stored measured values and their time stamps.
  • the method can be started when a current increase indicating a short circuit is detected in one of the electronic circuit breakers of the DC voltage system 100.
  • the method can be started by an operator who examines the system 100 after it has been switched off due to the short circuit, in which case the method runs on the basis of stored measured values.
  • the method continues with the already mentioned determination of the second point in time at which the current flowing through the electronic circuit breaker that switches off second due to the short circuit in the DC voltage line 104 corresponds to the reference current value. In the case considered here as an example, in which there is a short circuit at point 103, this is the time at which the current flowing through the second electronic circuit breaker 121 reaches the reference current value for the first time before or during switching off.
  • the determination can in turn be carried out during the switch-off process in real time or quasi-real time or subsequently by evaluating stored measured values and their time stamps.
  • step 230 the substeps described in step 220 are carried out for further electronic circuit breakers of the DC voltage system 100 and further points in time are determined.
  • step 240 the times determined in steps 210, 220 and optionally 230 are evaluated.
  • the relationship between the first and second points in time is considered, optionally the first and each further point in time.
  • differences are particularly important, i.e. H .
  • the time difference At between the second time t2 and the first time tl is determined, i.e. H .
  • At t2 - tl.
  • the sign of At is taken into account
  • At is positive and corresponds to the largest possible value.
  • At is negative and corresponds to the smallest possible value.
  • the timestamps can first be sorted in ascending order in step 240. The method described above is then carried out with the proviso that tl corresponds to the first, i.e. H . oldest, timestamp and t2 the second, d . H . second oldest, timestamp corresponds to .
  • a determination or at least an estimate of the time tO of the short circuit can be made, which can then be used to determine the time differences between the time stamps tl and . t2 on the one hand and tO on the other hand are determined and related to each other.
  • tl and Atl are assigned to the SCCB that triggers first, as already described above, and t2 and At2 are assigned to the SCCB that triggers second.
  • r At2/Atl
  • the determination or estimation of the time tO can be carried out in exemplary embodiments of the invention based on the increase in the current in the first-triggering SCCB, for example by linear interpolation of current values stored in the first-triggering SCCB before and during the shutdown due to the short circuit.
  • the time at which the linearly interpolated current increase began can be approximately determined as tO.
  • a value below the current value at which the SCCB with the lowest nominal current value in the DC voltage system 100 switches off in the event of a short circuit is preferably selected as the reference current value, the achievement of which is determined at least at times tl, t2 when the SCCB is switched off .
  • SCCB 111, 121, 131, 141 with different nominal current values are installed.
  • Fig. 1 exemplarily outlines the component 140 of the connection of the DC voltage system 100 to a higher-level network. Therefore, the SCCB 141 assigned to this component generally has a higher rated current than the SCCB 111, 121, 131 of the individual branches 110, 120, 130.
  • an excess of the rated current by a certain value is tolerated for a certain time before the SCCB in question switches off, for example an overcurrent of 20% for 30 seconds or 1 minute.
  • this tripping behavior can be precisely parameterized; the permissible number of repetitions of such tolerable overcurrent events in a certain unit of time can also be parameterized, for example, so that if this number is exceeded, they are also triggered. is switched off if the individual event could be viewed as tolerable in itself.
  • This tolerable overcurrent value forms the lower limit for the selection of the reference current value Ir, i.e. Ir > 1, 2 * In in the example described above.
  • the upper limit for Ir results from the maximum current value that is achieved by the SCCB 111, 121, 131 during a short-circuit shutdown. This value also depends on the selected parameterization of the SCCB. For example, an SCCB may be parameterized to tolerate a very high inrush current and must accordingly be able to distinguish an inrush current from a short circuit event, for example based on the increase in current flowing through the SCCB and/or the duration of the current event. In many practical applications, the current value at which a short-circuit shutdown occurs is likely to be approximately 4- times to 5 times the nominal current In, so to simplify Ir ⁇ 4 * In.
  • a value which satisfies the following conditions can therefore be selected as the reference current value for the present invention: 1, 2 * In ⁇ Ir ⁇ 4 * In, where In is the lowest rated current value of the SCCB 111, 121, 131, 141 connected to the DC voltage line 104 .
  • step 250 the result of the calculations described in detail above is output or prepared for output to an operator and the method is ended.
  • the procedure can be carried out in real time or after a short circuit event using the data stored in the SCCB.
  • data exchange and clock synchronization 105 between the SCCB can be dispensed with. This exemplary embodiment is described below.
  • SCCB 121 and 131 are the SCCB 121 and 131 in accordance with the description above.
  • An operator uses a portable device, for example a smartphone with a suitable app, which can be temporarily connected to this SCCB for data exchange (wirelessly using a radio or flashing signal or wired), and calls up the current-time history stored in the SCCB 121 in connection with the short-circuit shutdown.
  • the discrepancy between the clock of the portable device and the clock of the SCCB 121 is determined and stored. This process is repeated for SCCB 131.
  • the time stamps of the non-synchronized clocks of the SCCB 121, 131 can subsequently be related to one another.
  • this step can be omitted if the SCCB clocks are synchronized.
  • the portable device determines tl and t2 according to the method described above.
  • a preset value can be used as the reference current value.
  • the only possible values for Ir are those that are passed through by both SCCBs under consideration during the respective short-circuit-related shutdown process and are preferably only passed through once during the current increase.
  • the (if necessary subsequently synchronized) timestamps of when Ir was reached by the two SCCBs can be used. were obtained by interpolation of the sample values for the current, which is related to Fig. 2 explained procedures are carried out on the portable device and the result is displayed to the operator.
  • the evaluation described above can of course also be carried out by a central device or a control center.
  • control includes those in the SCCB includes controllers, processors and processing units used in the broadest sense, for example universal processors, digital signal processors, application-specific integrated circuits (AS ICs), programmable logic circuits such as FPGAs, discrete analog or digital
  • Processors can consist of one or more devices. If a processor consists of several devices, they can be configured to process instructions in parallel or sequentially.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de localisation d'un court-circuit dans un système de tension continue (100), le système de tension continue comprenant une ligne de tension continue (104) et au moins deux composants (110, 120, 130, 140) qui ont chacun une capacité et qui sont chacun connectés à la ligne de tension continue avec possibilité de déconnexion au moyen d'un disjoncteur électronique (111, 121, 131, 141). Les disjoncteurs électroniques comprennent chacun des moyens de mesure de courant pour mesurer le courant circulant à travers le disjoncteur en question. Selon le procédé, un premier point temporel est déterminé, auquel le courant circulant à travers le disjoncteur électronique qui s'éteint en premier en raison d'un court-circuit dans la ligne de tension continue correspond à une valeur de courant de référence. En outre, un second point temporel est déterminé, auquel le courant circulant à travers le disjoncteur électronique qui éteint en second en raison au court-circuit dans la ligne de tension continue correspond à la valeur de courant de référence, et la distance approximative entre le court-circuit et l'un des deux disjoncteurs électroniques est calculée à partir des points temporels déterminés.
PCT/EP2023/059544 2022-05-18 2023-04-12 Procédé de localisation d'un court-circuit dans un système de tension continue et installation électrique WO2023222309A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022204950.0 2022-05-18
DE102022204950.0A DE102022204950B3 (de) 2022-05-18 2022-05-18 Verfahren zur Lokalisierung eines Kurzschlusses in einem Gleichspannungssystem sowie elektrische Anlage

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WO2023222309A1 true WO2023222309A1 (fr) 2023-11-23

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WO (1) WO2023222309A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1001271A1 (fr) * 1998-11-12 2000-05-17 Nippon Kouatsu Electric Co., Ltd Système de localisation de fautes
CN103018634A (zh) * 2012-12-13 2013-04-03 山东电力集团公司莱芜供电公司 一种t型线路行波故障测距方法
WO2017066704A1 (fr) * 2015-10-14 2017-04-20 Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. Système de traitement de signal de système d'alimentation électrique haute fréquence
WO2021237161A1 (fr) * 2020-05-21 2021-11-25 Eisenhaure David B Système et procédés de détection et d'atténuation de panne de ligne de transport d'électricité

Family Cites Families (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2562243C1 (ru) 2011-07-21 2015-09-10 Сименс Акциенгезелльшафт Обнаружение и локализация неисправностей в запитываемой с одной стороны линии энергоснабжения
EP3734783A1 (fr) 2019-04-30 2020-11-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Détection d'erreur et localisation d'erreur dans une zone de charge d'un réseau cc

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1001271A1 (fr) * 1998-11-12 2000-05-17 Nippon Kouatsu Electric Co., Ltd Système de localisation de fautes
CN103018634A (zh) * 2012-12-13 2013-04-03 山东电力集团公司莱芜供电公司 一种t型线路行波故障测距方法
WO2017066704A1 (fr) * 2015-10-14 2017-04-20 Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. Système de traitement de signal de système d'alimentation électrique haute fréquence
WO2021237161A1 (fr) * 2020-05-21 2021-11-25 Eisenhaure David B Système et procédés de détection et d'atténuation de panne de ligne de transport d'électricité

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
NAIDOO D ET AL: "HVDC line protection for the proposed future HVDC systems", 2004 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON POWER SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY - POWERCON : SINGAPORE, 21 - 24 NOVEMBER 2004, IEEE OPERATIONS CENTER, PISCATAWAY, NJ, vol. 2, 21 November 2004 (2004-11-21), pages 1327, XP010811476, ISBN: 978-0-7803-8610-5, DOI: 10.1109/ICPST.2004.1460207 *

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