WO2023209890A1 - Processing method for discarded cloth product and processing device for discarded cloth product - Google Patents
Processing method for discarded cloth product and processing device for discarded cloth product Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023209890A1 WO2023209890A1 PCT/JP2022/019150 JP2022019150W WO2023209890A1 WO 2023209890 A1 WO2023209890 A1 WO 2023209890A1 JP 2022019150 W JP2022019150 W JP 2022019150W WO 2023209890 A1 WO2023209890 A1 WO 2023209890A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- waste cloth
- waste
- products
- reduction furnace
- carbonization
- Prior art date
Links
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/318—Preparation characterised by the starting materials
- C01B32/324—Preparation characterised by the starting materials from waste materials, e.g. tyres or spent sulfite pulp liquor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
- C10B47/28—Other processes
- C10B47/32—Other processes in ovens with mechanical conveying means
- C10B47/38—Other processes in ovens with mechanical conveying means with shaking or vibrating devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/48—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on industrial residues and waste materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/85—Paper; Wood; Fabrics, e.g. cloths
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a waste cloth product processing method and a waste cloth product processing apparatus that collectively carbonize and recycle discarded cloth products such as clothing, towels, and bedding.
- Patent Document 1 describes a reduction furnace recycling system that can perform both material recycling and energy recycling by carbonizing organic waste to obtain carbide and effectively utilizing the flammable gas emitted during carbonization. system is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 describes clothing waste materials made of cotton, hemp, wool, chemical fibers, etc., food residues such as discarded lunch boxes, wood wastes such as wood chips and bark, organic sludge, and plastic wastes.
- a reducing furnace recycling system has been disclosed that carbonizes organic waste such as organic waste and recycles it as a carbon material such as activated carbon, and also recycles heat from exhaust gas generated in the carbonization process as electrical energy.
- Patent Document 1 requires pretreatment such as sorting, dehydration, and drying depending on the type of organic waste before the carbonization treatment, which is time-consuming.
- plastics if plastics are included in organic waste, they may have various properties such as chlorine-containing materials such as PVC, thermosetting properties, or thermoplastic properties. Failure to do so may result in a gas explosion or fire, and requires technical skill.
- PP, PE, PS, etc. are melted by heat of 200°C and turned into oil at 300°C, and even if the temperature is raised further, the amount of carbide remains at about 1%.
- Patent Document 2 states that it can be confused with clothing, etc., which has a low moisture content and a large water absorption amount, but in reality, it is expected that it will be difficult to control the moisture content, and a drying process for food residue will be necessary. Dew. Furthermore, if food residue is included in the material to be carbonized, the substances contained in the food residue differ depending on the season, and there are also differences in the food culture rooted in the region, so it is extremely difficult to carbonize without sorting. difficult. Additionally, plastics, wood materials, clothing, and foods have different carbonization temperatures, and even if the moisture content is the same, some can be carbonized and others cannot, and there is a risk that they may become harmful substances.
- RDF Refuse Derived Fuel
- the raw material properties of RDF include impurities such as chlorine and heavy metals, and if it contains food waste, there is a lot of water mixed in, so there is a problem that the quality is not stable.
- accidents such as heat generation, ignition, and gas explosions have occurred in silos where finished RDF is stored, demonstrating the difficulty of recycling waste.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a waste cloth product processing method and a waste cloth product processing apparatus in which recyclable charcoal is obtained from discarded cloth products such as clothing and towels. shall be.
- the method for disposing of waste cloth products according to the present invention is aimed at disposing of waste cloth products with metal or plastic buttons, zippers, rubber, product tags, packaging bags, and other accessories still attached, and with synthetic fibers, natural
- a waste cloth product loading step in which a plurality of the waste cloth products having different properties such as fibers are put into a heating chamber of a reduction furnace, and a waste cloth product is
- the present invention is characterized by comprising a carbonization step in which gas generated from the product is degassed through gaps between the fibers constituting the waste cloth product, and a carbonization process is performed to obtain a carbide.
- accessories such as metal and plastic buttons, zippers, rubber, product tags, and packaging bags are removed from fabric products in advance, and they are sorted by properties such as synthetic fibers and natural fibers. Good quality and uniform carbide can be obtained by efficiently degassing without having to do so.
- the waste cloth product is a clothing item, and in the waste cloth product inputting step, the clothing is charged into the reduction furnace without being cut, and the carbonization step is performed in a batch manner. Good too.
- 20% or more of the plurality of waste cloth products input into the reduction furnace contain natural fibers such as wool, cotton, silk, hemp, and rayon. It may also be a manufactured product.
- the pulverization step may include an activation step of activating a fine carbonized powder obtained by pulverizing the carbide to a particle size of 10 to 50 ⁇ m or less to obtain activated carbon.
- the above configuration may further include a pulverizing step of pulverizing the carbonized carbide to a predetermined particle size.
- the pulverization step may include an activation step of activating the fine carbonized powder obtained by pulverizing the carbide to a particle size of 10 to 50 ⁇ m or less to obtain activated carbon.
- the grinding step includes a mixing step of mixing a binder containing sugar with the carbonized powder obtained by grinding the carbide to a particle size of 10 to 50 ⁇ m, and compressing the mixed mixture in the mixing step. It may also include a compression step of forming and obtaining solid fuel charcoal.
- the waste cloth product processing apparatus is designed to remove metal or plastic buttons, zippers, rubber, product tags, and other accessories, and to remove synthetic fibers, natural fibers, etc.
- an input port into which a plurality of the waste cloth products having different properties are input a reduction furnace that carbonizes the waste cloth products in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen condition, a heating chamber that heats the inside of the reduction furnace, and an inside of the reduction furnace.
- a temperature control unit that adjusts the temperature between 500°C and 1000°C
- a gas flow unit that guides gas discharged through gaps between fibers constituting the waste cloth product during pyrolysis to a secondary combustion chamber.
- the reduction furnace includes an outlet for taking out the carbonized carbide, and the heating chamber is configured to be swingable, and the carbide gradually moves toward the outlet due to its own weight. It may also have an inclined surface.
- the plurality of waste cloth products are mixedly loaded with a gap through which the gas escapes, and a metal net-like basket is provided with a ventilation section through which the gas vents, and the heating chamber is arranged so that the plurality of waste cloth products are stacked in a stacked manner. It may have a space in which a plurality of the net-like baskets are accommodated.
- waste cloth product processing method and waste cloth product processing apparatus of the present invention having the above-described configuration, recyclable charcoal can be obtained from discarded cloth products such as clothing and towels.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a waste cloth product processing method according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- 2 is a flowchart showing the steps of the flowchart shown in FIG. 1 with actual photographs.
- This is an enlarged photograph of the waste cloth product before carbonization (S200).
- (a) is an enlarged photograph of the charred material (Fig. 2, S201) obtained by the same waste fabric processing method, and
- (b) is a further enlarged view of a part of the charred material obtained in the same manner. It's a photo.
- (a) is a schematic external view of the waste fabric processing device according to the first embodiment, and
- (b) is a perspective view schematically showing an example of a mesh basket used in the waste fabric processing device.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view schematically showing the internal structure of the waste cloth product processing apparatus.
- (a) and (b) are photographs taken when the evaluation test was conducted;
- (a) is a photograph of the waste cloth product before carbonization;
- (b) is a photograph of the charred material obtained by the same waste cloth product processing method. be. It is a graph showing the temperature status of the heating chamber and the combustion chamber when the same evaluation test was conducted. It is a graph showing the specific surface area of the activated carbon obtained by steam activation of the carbide obtained by the waste cloth product processing method.
- (a) is an electron micrograph of activated carbon obtained by the same waste fabric processing method, and
- (b) and (c) are tables showing the results of component analysis of the activated carbon.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic external view showing different examples of the waste cloth product processing device and its peripheral devices according to the same embodiment.
- (a) A schematic external view showing a waste cloth product processing apparatus according to a second embodiment used in the same waste cloth product processing method, and (b) a cross-sectional view taken along the line XX of (a).
- (a) is a photograph of the accessories of waste cloth products obtained by sorting with a vibrating sieve, and
- (b) is a photograph of the vibrating sieve installed in the waste cloth product processing apparatus according to the second embodiment shown in FIG. It is a perspective view showing an example typically.
- the method for disposing of waste cloth products is a method for disposing of waste cloth products that has metal or plastic buttons, zippers, rubber, product tags, packaging bags, and other accessories still attached, and that has a plurality of materials with different properties such as synthetic fibers and natural fibers.
- a waste cloth product processing method and a waste cloth product processing apparatus will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6.
- the method for disposing of waste cloth products according to the first embodiment carbonizes discarded cloth clothes, towels, bedding, toys, etc., including new and used products, to obtain charcoal, and converts the charcoal to fuel charcoal. It can be recycled into activated carbon, etc.
- the waste cloth products that serve as raw materials for charcoal can be any cloth product, whether it is natural fiber or synthetic fiber, and as long as it is made of cloth and has a moisture content of 30% or less, down, fur, or leather can be used.
- the materials used can be either synthetic or natural. When the moisture content exceeds 30%, a drying process is required, which is costly, time consuming, and laborious.
- Accessories include buttons, zippers, elastic cuffs, clothing decorations (ribbons, holograms, rhinestones, pearls, etc.), product tags, packaging bags, etc.
- Materials include metal, plastic, It may include all kinds of materials such as glass, ceramic, stone, paper, and wood, or it may be printed on the surface of a cloth product.
- waste cloth products such as clothes, towels, cushions, cushion covers, cushions, etc., as long as they are not longer than 2 meters.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 are flowcharts illustrating an example of the waste cloth product processing method according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5(a) is a schematic external view of the waste cloth product processing apparatus 1 and its peripheral devices according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5(b) is a perspective view schematically showing an example of the mesh basket 2 used in the waste cloth product processing apparatus 1.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view schematically showing the internal structure of the waste cloth product processing apparatus 1.
- a waste cloth product loading step (S100) is performed.
- the waste cloth products are stored in a metal net-like basket 2 (see FIGS. 5(a) and 5(b)) in a cubic shape with each side of about 1 m to 2 m.
- the waste cloth product processing apparatus 1 is carried in through the closed door 16 by opening the closed door 16 of the reduction furnace 10.
- the size of the mesh cage 2 is set according to the scale of the reduction furnace 10 described later, and is not limited to the above size.
- the mesh cage 2 has a cubic shape, and is provided with ventilation portions 2a on all six sides for exhausting gas generated in the carbonization step (S101).
- the ventilation portion 2a is composed of linear iron members 21 arranged in a grid pattern.
- the upper part of the mesh basket 2 is configured to be openable and closable so that waste cloth products can be put therein, but depending on the configuration of the mesh basket 2, there may be no upper surface.
- waste cloth products are placed in the net-like basket 2 and carbonized, but it is not limited to the one shown in FIG.
- the inside of the heating chamber 11 is partitioned into a plurality of sections, which will be described later, it may be of a tray type with an open top.
- the waste cloth products are stored in the mesh basket 2, they are stored with a gap so as not to be compressed too much. If clothing is too compressed and stored in the mesh basket 2, the gas generated from the fibers that make up the waste cloth products during pyrolysis cannot be smoothly discharged outside the mesh basket 2, and the temperature will not be transmitted evenly. This is one of the reasons why uniform carbonization cannot be achieved.
- the clothing items stored in the net-like basket 2 may be all of the same type, or may be a mixture of multiple types.
- the mesh basket 2 accommodates clothing items that contain at least 20% of animal/vegetable natural fibers such as wool, cotton, silk, hemp, and rayon. .
- the photograph in Figure 3 is a photograph before the process of adding waste cloth products, and the inventor succeeded in carbonizing them all at once.
- the clothing In the case of new clothing to be disposed of as inventory, the clothing is often left in the plastic packaging bag, but in order to undergo carbonization treatment, high-quality carbonized material can be produced without removing the clothing from the packaging bag. Obtained. Further, if it is about 10% to 20% of the total waste cloth products carried into the heating chamber 11, the entire cardboard box may be carbonized as shown in FIG. Carbonization is possible even if the proportion of natural fibers is small, but if less than 20% of clothing contains natural fibers, the yield of carbonized products tends to be less than 20%, as mentioned above. becomes.
- the moisture content is 30% or less, but compared to, for example, carbonizing food residue with a moisture content of 60% or sewage sludge with a moisture content of 80%. Since many cloth products such as clothing are new in stock and are discarded in a dry state, dehydration and drying steps are not performed in the waste cloth product input step (S100). However, if the waste cloth product is wet and contains water, it needs to be dehydrated and dried to a moisture content of 30% or less.
- the carbonizing reduction furnace 10 is a device that heats and thermally decomposes carbon compounds such as organic compounds in a state where oxygen is cut off. Through thermal decomposition, a portion of the carbon compound is gasified and a portion is carbonized to reduce its volume.
- the reduction furnace 10 is preferably a batch-type furnace that heats using superheated steam, and includes a roller-type mounting section 17, a sealed door 16, and a side frame 18. The placing part 17, the sealed door 16, and the side frame 18 are integrated, and the mesh basket 2 placed on the placing part 17 is carried in and out of the heating chamber 11 of the reduction furnace 10 by the trolley 15.
- a plurality of mesh baskets 2, 2, . . . are arranged in parallel and stacked in multiple stages.
- the side frames 18 are provided to support the sides of the stacked mesh baskets 2, 2, . . . to prevent them from falling over and collapsing.
- a sealing door 16 is provided to seal the heating chamber 11 of the reduction furnace 10, it is preferable to use expanded graphite, which is not easily deformed by heating, as the packing used for this, rather than rubber.
- a vibrating means (not shown) is provided for appropriately vibrating the mounting section 17. It's okay.
- the reduction furnace 10 includes a temperature control unit (not shown) that adjusts the temperature in the heating chamber between 500°C and 1000°C, a combustion chamber (not shown) that heats the heating chamber 11, and a superheated steam connected to the boiler 13.
- a generator (not shown) is provided, and superheated steam is supplied into the heating chamber 11 of the reduction furnace 10. Thereby, the temperature within the heating chamber 11 is kept substantially constant due to the convection of the superheated steam.
- the heating chamber 11 is connected to the secondary combustion chamber 19 via a gas flow section 19a.
- the reduction furnace 10 only needs to be able to set the optimum temperature for carbonization in the heating chamber 11.
- the temperature is raised to 500° C. and maintained for a certain period of time, and the reduced temperature is housed in the mesh cage 2.
- the waste cloth product After the waste cloth product is brought in, it may be heated to 600 to 800°C in an oxygen-free condition and maintained for a certain period of time, and then further heated to about 800 to 1000°C to carbonize.
- the carbonization treatment may be carried out for 2 to 3 hours in the heating chamber 11 heated to 500 to 1000° C. without raising the temperature in stages.
- the carbide becomes hard and becomes a high quality carbide. The carbonization test conducted by the inventor will be described later.
- the carbonization in the heating chamber 11 is thermal decomposition, depending on the heating temperature, some synthetic fibers may generate gas but not carbonize and melt. Temperature control is required.
- the mesh baskets 2, 2, etc. containing waste cloth products may be brought into the heating chamber 11 and heated from room temperature, but since it takes time to heat the room to a predetermined temperature, It is desirable to preheat it in an empty state. For example, it is possible to perform the heat treatment more efficiently by heating the mesh baskets 2, 2, . . . into the reduction furnace 10 in advance by heating them with a burner or the like.
- the waste cloth product according to this embodiment may partially use leather or non-woven fabric, and for example, a jumper made of leather, whether natural or synthetic, is mixed.
- a fiber material made of woven or knitted material will be carbonized.
- the woven fabric may be plain weave, twill weave, satin weave, etc., but gaps exist because the warp threads in the length direction and the weft threads in the width direction are intersected by being combined vertically at right angles to each other by the loom.
- FIG. 4 (a) is an enlarged photograph of S201 in Figure 2
- Figure 4 (a) is a further enlarged photograph of a part of Figure 4 (a).
- the photograph shown in FIG. 4(b) shows a carbonized knit made of 72% rayon and 28% nylon. It can be carbonized while leaving the knitted pattern and shape intact.
- plastic threads such as nylon are carbonized, they melt and become lumps without leaving a shape, but when woven with natural threads to make cloth products, the natural threads maintain their shape without dissolving the plastic threads. It was found that when a predetermined temperature is reached in this state, thermal decomposition begins, and this combined with the effect of gas being discharged from the gaps between the fibers results in a carbide that retains almost its shape.
- An electric converter may be provided so that the carbonized gas generated from the waste cloth products by pyrolysis can be used as thermal energy. Specifically, it can be reused in Stirling engines and micro gas turbines that can convert carbonized gas into electricity. By using carbonized gas in this manner, the running cost of the thermal decomposition process can also be reduced. It is also possible to produce oil by converting the generated carbonized gas into oil. In other words, chemical recycling (returning synthetic resin to petroleum) can be realized. These produced oils can be used as fuel for internal combustion engines such as diesel engines, reciprocating engines, and rotary engines, as well as other mechanical fuels, boiler fuels, and power generation.
- the heat treatment in the reduction furnace 10 is a thermal decomposition process
- the generation of carbon dioxide is suppressed, but the carbon dioxide generated by the thermal decomposition process is reacted with hydrogen and nitrogen to produce methane gas, ethanol, etc. You can do it like this. By doing so, useful substances such as methane gas can be separated and recovered, and carbon dioxide emissions can be significantly reduced.
- the swinging type reduction furnace 10 shown in the second embodiment is suitable.
- the carbide obtained by carbonization in this way discharges the gas generated during thermal decomposition through the gaps between the fibers constituting the waste cloth product, as described above.
- the carbide obtained by carbonization in this way discharges the gas generated during thermal decomposition through the gaps between the fibers constituting the waste cloth product, as described above.
- a coarse pulverization step (S102) is performed in which the carbide is pulverized to a particle size of 100 to 500 ⁇ m.
- a fine pulverization step (S103) is performed using a jet mill or the like to obtain a particle size of 10 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 to 30 ⁇ m (see S202 in FIG. 2).
- a binder mixing step (S104) is performed in which a binder, which is a mixture of CMC, PVA, and saccharides such as molasses, is mixed into the carbonized powder thus obtained.
- thermal charcoal can be obtained through a compression step (S105) in which the mixed mixture is compressed and molded into a predetermined shape (see S203 in FIG. 2).
- the thermal charcoal since the raw material is a carbide made of waste cloth products that are discarded, the thermal charcoal can be made of a material that is environmentally friendly. Further, when CMC or PVA is used as a binder, it has neither taste nor odor, and is suitable for use as fuel charcoal for barbecues and the like.
- the shape and size of the fuel charcoal are not particularly limited as shown in the photograph of S203 in FIG. 1 second to 2 seconds), drying time is 5 to 10 hours (10 to 20 degrees Celsius) for natural drying, combustion time is 3 to 5 hours, and a rod-shaped item with a diameter of 3 to 5 cm and 10 to 13 cm is used. It's easy to do.
- the binder include starch, cellulose, alginic acid, phenol, sodium polyacrylate, and dextrin.
- the carbonized powder obtained through the "fine pulverization step" in S103 is not limited to solid fuel coal as shown in S203, but can also be used as a fuel for thermal power generation in the carbonized powder state.
- a case will be described in which the carbide is converted into activated carbon through the carbonization step S101.
- a coarse pulverization step S106
- a fine pulverization step S107
- the powder is pulverized to a particle size of 10 to 50 ⁇ m using a jet mill or the like to obtain a carbonized powder (see S204 in FIG. 2).
- an activation treatment step S108 is performed to convert the carbonized powder into a porous material.
- the method of activation reaction and activation treatment performed in the activation treatment step (S108) may be gas activation or chemical activation.
- gas activation include a method in which a reaction is performed at a high temperature of 700 to 1000° C. using a gas activator such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, air, or combustion gas.
- gas activator such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, air, or combustion gas.
- chemical activation include a method of making an aqueous solution using an activation agent such as zinc chloride or phosphoric acid, impregnating it with carbonized powder, and firing it at a temperature of 500 to 700° C. in an inert gas atmosphere.
- an alkali metal such as potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide may be used, and according to the inventor's tests, in the case of gas activation, steam activation is used, and in the case of chemical activation, alkali activation is used.
- Activated carbon with a specific surface area of 800 m 2 /g or more was obtained.
- the carbonized powder has high hardness and a high carbonization yield.
- activated carbon having a sufficient specific surface area was obtained.
- the activated carbon thus obtained can be used for various purposes. For example, as shown in S205 in FIG.
- an activated carbon sheet with an odor adsorption function can be obtained. It can be used as a building material sheet for wall materials, ceiling materials, etc. ( Figure 1, S109).
- Figure 1, S109 For example, as shown in S206 in FIG. 2, if natural pulp paper used as a filter is impregnated with water into which activated carbon has been added, it can be used as an activated carbon filter, and can be used as an air conditioner filter, etc. (S110 in FIG. 1).
- hard activated carbon is desired depending on the purpose of the activated carbon, it can be made hard by bonding a metal to powdered activated carbon.
- activated carbon when activated with alkali, very excellent activated carbon with a specific surface area of 3000 m 2 /g or more could be obtained. Activated carbon with such a high specific surface area can be used for rapid charge/discharge capacitors, etc.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 Information on the clothing used in the test shown in FIG. 7(a) is as listed in Table 1, and clothing made of various materials were mixed.
- the clothing used in the test had accessories such as buttons, zippers, and rubber sewn on the neck, wrists, and hem without removing them.
- the test furnace used was a small-sized batch-type reduction furnace equipped with the same equipment as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 and equipped with a plurality of boxes.
- As the carbonization container a box-shaped tray with an open top and dimensions of 1200 mm x 1250 mm x 200 mm was used.
- the target temperature was set at 500 to 550°C.
- FIG. 8 The temperature and time are as shown in FIG. 8, where the solid line indicates the temperature of the combustion chamber and the dotted line indicates the temperature of the heating chamber.
- the other dotted lines in FIG. 8 are the temperatures of the boxes provided in the heating chamber divided into left and right and top and bottom, and the tray was placed on the right box and subjected to carbonization.
- the temperature of the combustion chamber was maintained at 1000° C. for 9 hours for the test, but it was confirmed that sufficient carbonization was achieved in about 4 hours.
- Figure 7(b) is a photograph after carbonization treatment. Through this test, clothing made of natural fibers was carbonized while retaining its shape, while synthetic fibers did not retain their shape but did not dissolve into lumps. , was found to be carbonized.
- activated carbon with a surface area of about 1,000 m 2 /g or more and good quality and odor adsorption performance was obtained by steam activation and a yield of 50% or less. Furthermore, if the inventor raises the heating temperature in the furnace to 900°C to 1000°C under the above conditions, even if the activation treatment time is shortened from 20 hours to 2 hours to 3 hours, the surface area will be approximately 1,000 m 2 / More than g was obtained.
- FIG. 10(a) is an electron micrograph of activated carbon
- FIG. 10(b) and FIG. 10(c) are tables showing the results of component analysis of activated carbon.
- the electron micrograph of FIG. 10(a) shows a backscattered electron image (BSE) that can be observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and shows backscattered electron images at 500 times, 1000 times, and 3000 times, respectively.
- BSE backscattered electron image
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the activated carbon used was activated in the same manner as in the activation test shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10(b) is a table showing the component analysis results of spectrum 9 shown in the backscattered electron image 500 times that of FIG.
- FIG. 10(c) is a tabular representation of the component analysis results.
- the mass of "C” was 73.13% and the atomic number concentration was as high as 88.81%, indicating that it was a high quality carbide.
- "Ti”, "Ca” and “Fe” were detected. Of these, “Ti” and “Fe” are thought to have been contained in pigments produced by dyeing. Furthermore, “Ca” is considered to have been detected from animal natural fibers.
- FIG. 11 Another example of the reduction furnace 10 constituting the waste cloth product processing apparatus 1 will be described. Components that are common to the examples shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed explanations will be omitted.
- the basic carbonization method is the same.
- the mesh basket 2 is placed on a frame-shaped tray 25 with an upper opening, and is continuously conveyed in the direction of the arrow A by a rotating cylindrical roller 17a provided in the placement section 17.
- An example of a transport type reduction furnace 10 is shown.
- This example is similar to the above example in that the mesh basket 2 is used so that the gas generated from the waste fabric during pyrolysis can be carbonized while being degassed through the gaps between the fibers that make up the waste fabric. be. Further, in order to promote this degassing, a vibration means (not shown) may be provided to appropriately vibrate the roller 17a.
- the reduction furnace 10 is provided with a temperature control unit (not shown) that adjusts the temperature inside the heating chamber 11 between 500° C. and 1000° C., and on the transport entrance side (transport port door 40a side) where the mesh basket 2 is transported. It is equipped with a waiting room 40, a heating chamber 11 provided in the center, and a cooling room 41 provided on the transfer exit side (transfer port door 40d side). are provided adjacent to each other.
- the reduction furnace 10 is the same as described above in that it includes a heating chamber 11, a combustion chamber 20, a secondary combustion chamber 19, an exhaust stack 14, as well as a gas treatment device, a boiler, and the like.
- 13a is a superheated steam generator connected to the boiler and supplies superheated steam into the heating chamber 11.
- Transport entrance doors 40a and 40d which seal the inside of the heating chamber 11 and are configured to be freely openable and closable, are provided at the transport entrance and the transport exit, respectively. Also, between the waiting chamber 40 and the heating chamber 11, and between the heating chamber 11 and the cooling chamber 41, sealed door bodies 40b and 40c are provided, which are configured to seal the heating chamber 11 in a vacuum state and can be opened and closed. There is. By providing the transport ports 40a and 40d in addition to the sealed doors 40b and 40c, it is easy to maintain the heating chamber 11 in a sealed state, and it is possible to prevent the temperature from dropping excessively during transport. Although it is provided in the same size as the waiting room 40 and the cooling room 41, the heating chamber 11 accommodates a plurality of mesh baskets 2, 2...
- the conveying means is also not limited to the illustrated example, and may be a belt conveyor.
- the total length of the reduction furnace 10 is not particularly limited, such as 10 meters to 100 meters, and a method may be adopted in which a plurality of heating chambers 11 with different set temperatures are provided and the heating chambers 11 are sequentially fed out.
- each cardboard box containing the waste cloth products can be It may be placed on a tray 25 and subjected to carbonization treatment.
- a number of mesh cages 2, 2, In this reduction furnace 10, a number of mesh cages 2, 2, .
- the equipment that performs the carbonization process is kept on standby. Then, they are sequentially moved within the heating chamber 11, and when the carbonization process is completed, they are transported to the cooling chamber 41. That is, in the heating chamber 11, materials with different degrees of carbonization are stored, and when the total carbonization processing time in the heating chamber 11 reaches a predetermined time (for example, 2 hours), the materials are moved to the cooling chamber 41 and cooled. It is structured so that it can be moved to the process. After the carbonization process is completed and the product is removed from the cooling chamber 41, it may be naturally cooled. Therefore, the product may be cooled while being continuously transported, or may be cooled by being moved to another location. By using the progressive conveyance method as described above, carbonization treatment can be carried out efficiently.
- a waste fabric product processing apparatus 1A shown in the second embodiment includes a reduction furnace 10 in which a heating chamber 11 and an activation chamber 30 that performs an activation treatment are integrated, and the reduction furnace 10 is moved by a swinging means (not shown).
- This is a rocking type waste cloth product processing apparatus 1A that performs carbonization treatment by rocking.
- carbonization is performed in a rotary reduction furnace equipped with blades, the molten resin will adhere to the blades, which may cause malfunctions.
- the raw material is a waste cloth product
- carbonization was successfully performed with almost the original shape remaining, so carbonization using the rotary method is possible, but the waste cloth product is coated, etc. If it is long, it may become entangled with the blade before carbonization.
- mass production is difficult. Therefore, by using a reducing furnace 10 such as a concrete mixer shown in FIG. 12, the furnace can be made larger and the causes of failure can be reduced.
- the reduction furnace 10 in this embodiment has a heating chamber 11 that is swingable, and has a degassing step in which gas generated from the waste cloth product during pyrolysis is degassed through gaps between the fibers constituting the waste cloth product. can promote the effects of The inside of the heating chamber 11 is structured to swing. It is possible to install peripheral equipment such as a blower 23, which will be described later, in which the reduction furnace 10 itself swings.
- the reduction furnace 10 is appropriately rocked by a rocking means. At this time, instead of the reduction furnace 10 itself being oscillated, the oscillation angle is not particularly limited, as shown in FIG.
- a vibrating means (not shown) for appropriately vibrating the bottom surface of the heating chamber 11 may be provided instead of the rocking means, or both may be provided.
- the reduction furnace 10 includes a temperature control unit (not shown) that adjusts the temperature inside the heating chamber 11 between 500°C and 1000°C, an input port 40e into which waste cloth products that will be the raw material for activated carbon generation are input, and a combustion chamber. 20, a heating chamber 11, an activation chamber 30, a blower 23, an air chamber 22, and an outlet 40f for taking out activated carbon that has been carbonized and activated.
- a gas flow section may be provided that guides the gas discharged through the secondary combustion chamber shown in the first embodiment and the gaps between the fibers constituting the waste cloth product during thermal decomposition to the secondary combustion chamber.
- an electric converter or the like may be provided in order to utilize carbonized gas generated from waste cloth products through pyrolysis as thermal energy.
- the combustion chamber 20 heats the inside of the heating chamber 11 to a predetermined temperature.
- the heating chamber 11 thermally decomposes and carbonizes the input waste cloth products.
- a plurality of electrically heated air chambers 22 are provided at the bottom side of the heating chamber 11, so that the waste cloth product can be directly heated to promote thermal decomposition.
- the blower 23 is installed above the reduction furnace 10 and is configured to send air to make the temperatures in the heating chamber 11 and the activation chamber 30 uniform.
- the carbonization step (S101) when thermal decomposition begins, the carbide generates heat by itself, so auxiliary fuel is not required, so the fuel used only needs to be fuel for heating up when a secondary combustion chamber is provided. , running costs can be reduced even for large furnaces.
- the activation chamber 30 activates the carbide carbonized in the heating chamber 11.
- the bottom sides of the heating chamber 11 and the activation chamber 30 are provided with inclined surfaces (not shown) on which the carbide or activated carbon gradually moves due to its own weight toward the outlet 40f. Thereby, the carbonized material or activated carbon can be configured to be discharged from the outlet 40f by utilizing its own weight.
- the mass of both carbide and activated carbon is reduced by carbonization treatment and activation treatment, an extrusion means, a blowing means, etc. may be provided to appropriately guide them to the outlet 40f as an auxiliary device.
- the reduction furnace 10 that can perform carbonization processing and activation processing has been described here, a structure that does not include the activation chamber 30 may be used. In that case, the carbide that has been carbonized in the heating chamber 11 is discharged from the outlet 40f.
- the heat treatment in the reduction furnace 10 is a thermal decomposition process, the generation of carbon dioxide is suppressed, but the carbon dioxide generated by the thermal decomposition process is reacted with hydrogen and nitrogen to produce methane gas, methanol, etc. Similar to the first embodiment, this may be done in the same manner as in the first embodiment. This makes it possible to significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
- the carbide (or activated carbon) discharged from the outlet 40f is sequentially conveyed by the belt conveyor device 50 shown in FIG. 12(a).
- a vibrating sieve 60 as shown may be provided. Although the configuration of the sieve 60 is not particularly limited, the illustrated one includes a box-shaped main body 63 with an upward opening, a wire mesh 61 provided according to the grain size of the carbide (or activated carbon), and a sieve 63 that is oriented horizontally.
- a vibrating means 62 is provided to sieve the carbide (or activated carbon) that has fallen onto the wire mesh 61 by vibrating it.
- the configurations and aspects of the waste cloth product processing method and waste cloth product processing apparatus according to the embodiments described are not limited to the illustrated examples.
- the structure of the reduction furnace 10 in addition to a superheated steam furnace, it may be an electric furnace or a gas furnace, and it may also be of a type using microwaves.
- Waste fabric processing device 1
- Mesh basket 2a Venting section 10
- Heating chamber 19
- Secondary combustion chamber 19a Gas distribution section 20
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Abstract
The present invention is characterized by comprising: a discarded cloth product feeding step (S100) for feeding, into a reduction furnace 10, a plurality of discarded cloth products having different characteristics, e.g., synthetic fibers and natural fibers, and having attachments such as metal or plastic buttons, zippers, elastic, product tags, packaging, and the like still attached thereto; and a carbonizing step (S101) for obtaining a carbide by performing a carbonizing process in the reduction furnace that is temperature controlled between 500-1000°C, while carrying out a degassing step for discharging gas generated during thermal decomposition through gaps between fibers constituting the discarded cloth products.
Description
本発明は、廃棄される衣料品、タオル、寝具等の布製品をまとめて炭化処理してリサイクルする廃棄布製品処理方法及び廃棄布製品処理装置に関する。
The present invention relates to a waste cloth product processing method and a waste cloth product processing apparatus that collectively carbonize and recycle discarded cloth products such as clothing, towels, and bedding.
近年、地球環境を配慮したサステナブルな社会を実現する動きが求められる中、流行のサイクルが短いファストファッションの流行や流行の細分化に伴い、衣料製品の種類が増え、大量に売れ残った衣料品の廃棄が社会的な問題として注目されている。このような布製品は、再販売されるものもあるが、ほとんどのものが焼却されたり、屋外にそのまま投棄されたり、地中に埋められる。しかしながら、化学繊維が多く用いられた布製品からはプラスチックと同様に有害物質を出すため、屋外投棄や埋められると大気汚染や土壌汚染、地下水の汚染等、様々な問題を引き起こす要因となる。そこで、焼却する場合程の大量の燃料を必要とせず、二酸化炭素の排出量も低減できる炭化処理が注目されている。
In recent years, there has been a demand for a sustainable society that is considerate of the global environment, and with the trend of fast fashion with short fashion cycles and the segmentation of trends, the variety of clothing products has increased, and a large amount of unsold clothing has become available. Disposal is attracting attention as a social issue. Although some of these textile products are resold, most are incinerated, simply dumped outdoors, or buried underground. However, like plastics, fabric products that use a lot of chemical fibers emit harmful substances, so if they are dumped outdoors or buried, they can cause various problems such as air pollution, soil pollution, and groundwater pollution. Therefore, carbonization treatment is attracting attention because it does not require as much fuel as incineration and can also reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
下記特許文献１には、有機廃棄物を炭化して炭化物を得るとともに、炭化の際に排出される可燃性ガスを有効利用することにより、マテリアルリサイクルとエネルギーリサイクルとの両方が可能な還元炉リサイクルシステムが開示されている。
下記特許文献２には、木綿、麻、ウール、化学繊維等からなる衣服廃材や廃棄された弁当等の食品残渣、木片や木皮等の等の木質系廃棄物、有機物の汚泥、プラスチック系廃棄 物等の有機廃棄物を炭化処理して活性炭等の炭材料としてリサイクルするとともに、その炭化処理工程において発生する排ガスからの熱を電気エネルギーとしてリサイクルする還元炉リサイクルシステムが開示されている。Patent Document 1 below describes a reduction furnace recycling system that can perform both material recycling and energy recycling by carbonizing organic waste to obtain carbide and effectively utilizing the flammable gas emitted during carbonization. system is disclosed.
Patent Document 2 below describes clothing waste materials made of cotton, hemp, wool, chemical fibers, etc., food residues such as discarded lunch boxes, wood wastes such as wood chips and bark, organic sludge, and plastic wastes. A reducing furnace recycling system has been disclosed that carbonizes organic waste such as organic waste and recycles it as a carbon material such as activated carbon, and also recycles heat from exhaust gas generated in the carbonization process as electrical energy.
下記特許文献２には、木綿、麻、ウール、化学繊維等からなる衣服廃材や廃棄された弁当等の食品残渣、木片や木皮等の等の木質系廃棄物、有機物の汚泥、プラスチック系廃棄 物等の有機廃棄物を炭化処理して活性炭等の炭材料としてリサイクルするとともに、その炭化処理工程において発生する排ガスからの熱を電気エネルギーとしてリサイクルする還元炉リサイクルシステムが開示されている。
しかしながら、特許文献１に開示のものは、炭化処理の前段階において、有機廃棄物に応じて選別、脱水、乾燥等の前処理を要するため、手間を要する。例えば有機廃棄物の中にプラスチックが含まれている場合、塩ビなどの塩素含有のものや、熱硬化性、熱可塑性など様々な性質があり、熱分解時に発生するガスを排気しながら炭化処理を行わなくては、ガス爆発や火災につながるおそれがあり、技術を要する。またＰＰ、ＰＥ、ＰＳ等は２００℃の熱で溶解し３００℃で油化してしまい、それ以上温度を上げても炭化物は１％程度である。
However, the method disclosed in Patent Document 1 requires pretreatment such as sorting, dehydration, and drying depending on the type of organic waste before the carbonization treatment, which is time-consuming. For example, if plastics are included in organic waste, they may have various properties such as chlorine-containing materials such as PVC, thermosetting properties, or thermoplastic properties. Failure to do so may result in a gas explosion or fire, and requires technical skill. Further, PP, PE, PS, etc. are melted by heat of 200°C and turned into oil at 300°C, and even if the temperature is raised further, the amount of carbide remains at about 1%.
特許文献２に開示のものは、炭化処理するものに含水率が高い食品残渣が含まれている。特許文献２には、含水率が少なくかつ吸水量が大きい衣服等と混同すると記載されているが、現実的には含水率のコントロールが難しいことが予想され、食品残渣の乾燥工程が必要となろう。また炭化処理するものに、食品残渣が含まれると、食品残渣は春夏秋冬により含まれる物質が異なる上、地域に根付く食文化の違いもあるため、選別せずに炭化処理することは非常に難しい。またプラスチック、木質材、衣料品、食品それぞれに炭化温度が異なり、含水率を同じにしても、炭化できるものや炭化できないものがある上、有害物質になる恐れもある。
In the method disclosed in Patent Document 2, food residue with a high moisture content is included in the carbonization treatment. Patent Document 2 states that it can be confused with clothing, etc., which has a low moisture content and a large water absorption amount, but in reality, it is expected that it will be difficult to control the moisture content, and a drying process for food residue will be necessary. Dew. Furthermore, if food residue is included in the material to be carbonized, the substances contained in the food residue differ depending on the season, and there are also differences in the food culture rooted in the region, so it is extremely difficult to carbonize without sorting. difficult. Additionally, plastics, wood materials, clothing, and foods have different carbonization temperatures, and even if the moisture content is the same, some can be carbonized and others cannot, and there is a risk that they may become harmful substances.
廃棄物の処理の策の一つに、食品残渣を含む家庭ゴミなどを親指大に圧縮して乾燥させゴミ固形燃料（ＲＤＦ：Ｒｅｆｕｓｅ Ｄｅｒｉｖｅｄ Ｆｕｅｌ）とし、工場等の燃料とする取り組みもなされている。しかし、この場合は、ＲＤＦの原料性状が、塩素や重金属など不純物が含まれるうえ、生ゴミ等を含むと混入する水分が多いのため、品質が安定しないという課題がある。このＲＤＦを炭化して肥料とする策もあったが、ダイオキシン発生や炭化しても塩分が残るため、肥料としての使用が困難である。実際にＲＤＦの製造工場において、出来上がったＲＤＦを貯蔵するサイロで発熱・発火・ガス爆発の事故が各地で生じており、廃棄物のリサイクルの難しさを示している。
One of the measures to dispose of waste is to compress household garbage, including food residue, into thumb-sized pieces and dry them to produce Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF), which can be used as fuel for factories, etc. . However, in this case, the raw material properties of RDF include impurities such as chlorine and heavy metals, and if it contains food waste, there is a lot of water mixed in, so there is a problem that the quality is not stable. There has been a plan to carbonize this RDF and use it as fertilizer, but it is difficult to use as fertilizer because it generates dioxins and salts remain even after carbonization. In fact, at RDF manufacturing plants, accidents such as heat generation, ignition, and gas explosions have occurred in silos where finished RDF is stored, demonstrating the difficulty of recycling waste.
本発明は、上記事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、廃棄される衣料品やタオル等の布製品からリサイクル可能な炭化物が得る廃棄布製品処理方法及び廃棄布製品処理装置を提供することを目的とする。
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a waste cloth product processing method and a waste cloth product processing apparatus in which recyclable charcoal is obtained from discarded cloth products such as clothing and towels. shall be.
上記目的を達成するために、本発明に係る廃棄布製品処理方法は、金属製やプラスチック製のボタン、チャック、ゴム、商品タグ、包装袋等の付属品が付いたままで且つ、合成繊維、天然繊維等性状の異なる複数の前記廃棄布製品を還元炉の加熱室に投入する廃棄布製品投入工程と、５００℃～１０００℃の間で温度調整される前記加熱室において、熱分解時に前記廃棄布製品から発生するガスを前記廃棄布製品を構成する繊維の隙間を通じてガス抜きを行いながら、炭化処理して炭化物を得る炭化工程と、を備えることを特徴とする。
In order to achieve the above object, the method for disposing of waste cloth products according to the present invention is aimed at disposing of waste cloth products with metal or plastic buttons, zippers, rubber, product tags, packaging bags, and other accessories still attached, and with synthetic fibers, natural A waste cloth product loading step in which a plurality of the waste cloth products having different properties such as fibers are put into a heating chamber of a reduction furnace, and a waste cloth product is The present invention is characterized by comprising a carbonization step in which gas generated from the product is degassed through gaps between the fibers constituting the waste cloth product, and a carbonization process is performed to obtain a carbide.
上記処理方法によれば、事前に布製品に付いている金属製やプラスチック製のボタン、チャック、ゴム、商品タグ、包装袋等の付属品を取り外したり、合成繊維、天然繊維等性状ごとに仕分けすることなく、ガス抜きを効率よく行うことで良質で均一な炭化物を得ることができる。
According to the above processing method, accessories such as metal and plastic buttons, zippers, rubber, product tags, and packaging bags are removed from fabric products in advance, and they are sorted by properties such as synthetic fibers and natural fibers. Good quality and uniform carbide can be obtained by efficiently degassing without having to do so.
上記構成において、前記廃棄布製品は、衣料品であり、前記廃棄布製品投入工程では、前記衣服を断裁することなく前記還元炉に投入し、前記炭化工程は、バッチ式で行われるようにしてもよい。
また上記構成において、前記廃棄布製品投入工程において、前記還元炉に投入される複数の前記廃棄布製品のうち、２割以上を毛、綿、絹、麻、レーヨン等の天然繊維を含んで構成された製品としてもよい。
さらに上記構成において、前記粉砕工程において、前記炭化物を粒度１０～５０μｍ以下に粉砕して得た微細炭化粉を賦活処理し活性炭を得る賦活工程を備えてもよい。
また上記構成において、前記炭化処理された炭化物を所定の粒度に粉砕する粉砕工程をさらに備えてもよい。
この場合、前記粉砕工程において、前記炭化物を粒度１０～５０μｍ以下に粉砕して得た微細炭化粉を賦活処理し活性炭を得る賦活工程を備えてもよい。
またこの場合、前記粉砕工程において、前記炭化物を粒度１０～５０μｍに粉砕して得た炭化粉に、糖類を含むバインダーを混合する混合工程と、前記混合工程において、混合された混合物を圧縮して成形し固形燃料炭を得る圧縮化工程とを備えてもよい。 In the above configuration, the waste cloth product is a clothing item, and in the waste cloth product inputting step, the clothing is charged into the reduction furnace without being cut, and the carbonization step is performed in a batch manner. Good too.
Further, in the above configuration, in the waste cloth product charging step, 20% or more of the plurality of waste cloth products input into the reduction furnace contain natural fibers such as wool, cotton, silk, hemp, and rayon. It may also be a manufactured product.
Further, in the above configuration, the pulverization step may include an activation step of activating a fine carbonized powder obtained by pulverizing the carbide to a particle size of 10 to 50 μm or less to obtain activated carbon.
Further, the above configuration may further include a pulverizing step of pulverizing the carbonized carbide to a predetermined particle size.
In this case, the pulverization step may include an activation step of activating the fine carbonized powder obtained by pulverizing the carbide to a particle size of 10 to 50 μm or less to obtain activated carbon.
In this case, the grinding step includes a mixing step of mixing a binder containing sugar with the carbonized powder obtained by grinding the carbide to a particle size of 10 to 50 μm, and compressing the mixed mixture in the mixing step. It may also include a compression step of forming and obtaining solid fuel charcoal.
また上記構成において、前記廃棄布製品投入工程において、前記還元炉に投入される複数の前記廃棄布製品のうち、２割以上を毛、綿、絹、麻、レーヨン等の天然繊維を含んで構成された製品としてもよい。
さらに上記構成において、前記粉砕工程において、前記炭化物を粒度１０～５０μｍ以下に粉砕して得た微細炭化粉を賦活処理し活性炭を得る賦活工程を備えてもよい。
また上記構成において、前記炭化処理された炭化物を所定の粒度に粉砕する粉砕工程をさらに備えてもよい。
この場合、前記粉砕工程において、前記炭化物を粒度１０～５０μｍ以下に粉砕して得た微細炭化粉を賦活処理し活性炭を得る賦活工程を備えてもよい。
またこの場合、前記粉砕工程において、前記炭化物を粒度１０～５０μｍに粉砕して得た炭化粉に、糖類を含むバインダーを混合する混合工程と、前記混合工程において、混合された混合物を圧縮して成形し固形燃料炭を得る圧縮化工程とを備えてもよい。 In the above configuration, the waste cloth product is a clothing item, and in the waste cloth product inputting step, the clothing is charged into the reduction furnace without being cut, and the carbonization step is performed in a batch manner. Good too.
Further, in the above configuration, in the waste cloth product charging step, 20% or more of the plurality of waste cloth products input into the reduction furnace contain natural fibers such as wool, cotton, silk, hemp, and rayon. It may also be a manufactured product.
Further, in the above configuration, the pulverization step may include an activation step of activating a fine carbonized powder obtained by pulverizing the carbide to a particle size of 10 to 50 μm or less to obtain activated carbon.
Further, the above configuration may further include a pulverizing step of pulverizing the carbonized carbide to a predetermined particle size.
In this case, the pulverization step may include an activation step of activating the fine carbonized powder obtained by pulverizing the carbide to a particle size of 10 to 50 μm or less to obtain activated carbon.
In this case, the grinding step includes a mixing step of mixing a binder containing sugar with the carbonized powder obtained by grinding the carbide to a particle size of 10 to 50 μm, and compressing the mixed mixture in the mixing step. It may also include a compression step of forming and obtaining solid fuel charcoal.
また上記目的を達成するために、本発明に係る廃棄布製品処理装置は、金属製やプラスチック製のボタン、チャック、ゴム、商品タグ等の付属品が付いたままで且つ、合成繊維、天然繊維等性状の異なる複数の前記廃棄布製品が投入される投入口と、無酸素もしくは低酸素状態で前記廃棄布製品を炭化する還元炉と、前記還元炉内を加熱する加熱室と、前記還元炉内を５００℃～１０００℃の間で温度調整する温度制御部と、熱分解時に前記廃棄布製品を構成する繊維の隙間を通じて排出されるガスを二次燃焼室へ誘導するガス流通部とを備えることを特徴とする。
上記構成において、前記還元炉は、前記炭化処理された炭化物を取り出す取出口を備え、前記加熱室は、揺動自在に構成されるとともに、前記取出口へ向けて前記炭化物が自重により次第に移動する傾斜面を備えていてもよい。
また上記構成において、前記ガスが抜ける隙間を有して前記複数の布廃棄製品が混載され、前記ガスが通気する通気部を備えた金属製の網状かごを備え、前記加熱室は、段積みされた複数の前記網状かごが収容される空間を有していてもよい。 In addition, in order to achieve the above object, the waste cloth product processing apparatus according to the present invention is designed to remove metal or plastic buttons, zippers, rubber, product tags, and other accessories, and to remove synthetic fibers, natural fibers, etc. an input port into which a plurality of the waste cloth products having different properties are input, a reduction furnace that carbonizes the waste cloth products in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen condition, a heating chamber that heats the inside of the reduction furnace, and an inside of the reduction furnace. a temperature control unit that adjusts the temperature between 500°C and 1000°C, and a gas flow unit that guides gas discharged through gaps between fibers constituting the waste cloth product during pyrolysis to a secondary combustion chamber. It is characterized by
In the above configuration, the reduction furnace includes an outlet for taking out the carbonized carbide, and the heating chamber is configured to be swingable, and the carbide gradually moves toward the outlet due to its own weight. It may also have an inclined surface.
Further, in the above configuration, the plurality of waste cloth products are mixedly loaded with a gap through which the gas escapes, and a metal net-like basket is provided with a ventilation section through which the gas vents, and the heating chamber is arranged so that the plurality of waste cloth products are stacked in a stacked manner. It may have a space in which a plurality of the net-like baskets are accommodated.
上記構成において、前記還元炉は、前記炭化処理された炭化物を取り出す取出口を備え、前記加熱室は、揺動自在に構成されるとともに、前記取出口へ向けて前記炭化物が自重により次第に移動する傾斜面を備えていてもよい。
また上記構成において、前記ガスが抜ける隙間を有して前記複数の布廃棄製品が混載され、前記ガスが通気する通気部を備えた金属製の網状かごを備え、前記加熱室は、段積みされた複数の前記網状かごが収容される空間を有していてもよい。 In addition, in order to achieve the above object, the waste cloth product processing apparatus according to the present invention is designed to remove metal or plastic buttons, zippers, rubber, product tags, and other accessories, and to remove synthetic fibers, natural fibers, etc. an input port into which a plurality of the waste cloth products having different properties are input, a reduction furnace that carbonizes the waste cloth products in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen condition, a heating chamber that heats the inside of the reduction furnace, and an inside of the reduction furnace. a temperature control unit that adjusts the temperature between 500°C and 1000°C, and a gas flow unit that guides gas discharged through gaps between fibers constituting the waste cloth product during pyrolysis to a secondary combustion chamber. It is characterized by
In the above configuration, the reduction furnace includes an outlet for taking out the carbonized carbide, and the heating chamber is configured to be swingable, and the carbide gradually moves toward the outlet due to its own weight. It may also have an inclined surface.
Further, in the above configuration, the plurality of waste cloth products are mixedly loaded with a gap through which the gas escapes, and a metal net-like basket is provided with a ventilation section through which the gas vents, and the heating chamber is arranged so that the plurality of waste cloth products are stacked in a stacked manner. It may have a space in which a plurality of the net-like baskets are accommodated.
本発明の廃棄布製品処理方法及び廃棄布製品処理装置によれば、上述した構成とされているため、廃棄される衣料品やタオル等の布製品からリサイクル可能な炭化物が得ることができる。
According to the waste cloth product processing method and waste cloth product processing apparatus of the present invention, having the above-described configuration, recyclable charcoal can be obtained from discarded cloth products such as clothing and towels.
以下に、本発明の実施の形態について添付図面を参照しながら説明する。
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
本実施形態に係る廃棄布製品処理方法は、金属製やプラスチック製のボタン、チャック、ゴム、商品タグ、包装袋等の付属品が付いたままで且つ、合成繊維、天然繊維等性状の異なる複数の前記廃棄布製品を還元炉１０の加熱室に投入する廃棄布製品投入工程と、５００℃～１０００℃の間で温度調整される前記加熱室１１において、熱分解時に前記廃棄布製品から発生するガスを前記廃棄布製品を構成する繊維の隙間を通じてガス抜きを行いながら、炭化処理して炭化物を得る炭化工程と、を備える。以下、詳しく説明する。
＜第１実施形態＞ The method for disposing of waste cloth products according to this embodiment is a method for disposing of waste cloth products that has metal or plastic buttons, zippers, rubber, product tags, packaging bags, and other accessories still attached, and that has a plurality of materials with different properties such as synthetic fibers and natural fibers. Gas generated from the waste cloth products during pyrolysis in the waste cloth product charging step of charging the waste cloth products into the heating chamber of thereduction furnace 10, and in the heating chamber 11 whose temperature is adjusted between 500° C. and 1000° C. and a carbonization step of performing carbonization to obtain a carbide while degassing through the gaps between the fibers constituting the waste cloth product. This will be explained in detail below.
<First embodiment>
＜第１実施形態＞ The method for disposing of waste cloth products according to this embodiment is a method for disposing of waste cloth products that has metal or plastic buttons, zippers, rubber, product tags, packaging bags, and other accessories still attached, and that has a plurality of materials with different properties such as synthetic fibers and natural fibers. Gas generated from the waste cloth products during pyrolysis in the waste cloth product charging step of charging the waste cloth products into the heating chamber of the
<First embodiment>
図１～図６を参照しながら、第１実施形態に係る廃棄布製品処理方法、廃棄布製品処理装置について説明する。
第１実施形態に係る廃棄布製品処理方法等は、新品、中古品等、廃棄される布製の衣服、タオル、寝具、おもちゃ等をまとめて炭化処理し、炭化物を得て、該炭化物を燃料炭や活性炭等にしてリサイクルするものである。炭化物の原料となる廃棄布製品は、天然繊維でも合成繊維でも布製品であればよく、布が使用され、含水率が３０％以下のものであれば、ダウン、毛皮、革が使用されていてもよく、素材としては、それらの素材も合成素材、天然素材を問わない。含水率が３０％を超えると、乾燥工程が必要になり、コストと時間、手間がかかる。また炭化処理するに際し、廃棄布製品に付属する付属品を事前に排除する必要はない。ここでいう付属品としては、ボタン、チャック、袖口のゴム、衣服の飾り（リボン、ホログラム、ラインストーン、パール等）、商品タグ、包装袋等が挙げられ、素材は、金属製、プラスチック製、ガラス製、陶製、石製、紙製、木製等のあらゆる各種材料を含んでいてもよく、布製品の表面にプリント等印刷されているものでもよい。また廃棄布製品は、２メートルを超える長尺なものでなければ、衣服、タオル、クッション、クッションカバー、座布団等、事前に断裁する必要はない。一方、カーテン、カーペット、毛布、ふとん、ふとんカバー等、大型の布製品や２メートル近いサイズのものは、取り扱いしやすく、網状かご２や還元炉１０に投入やすいように断裁してもよいし、折り畳んで投入してもよい。以下では、廃棄布製品として、衣料品を炭化処理する例を説明する。また以下では、図５に示す廃棄布製品処理装置１を使ってバッチ式（まとめて同時に処理する方式）にて炭化処理する例を説明する。 A waste cloth product processing method and a waste cloth product processing apparatus according to a first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6.
The method for disposing of waste cloth products according to the first embodiment carbonizes discarded cloth clothes, towels, bedding, toys, etc., including new and used products, to obtain charcoal, and converts the charcoal to fuel charcoal. It can be recycled into activated carbon, etc. The waste cloth products that serve as raw materials for charcoal can be any cloth product, whether it is natural fiber or synthetic fiber, and as long as it is made of cloth and has a moisture content of 30% or less, down, fur, or leather can be used. The materials used can be either synthetic or natural. When the moisture content exceeds 30%, a drying process is required, which is costly, time consuming, and laborious. Further, when carrying out carbonization treatment, there is no need to remove accessories attached to waste cloth products in advance. Accessories here include buttons, zippers, elastic cuffs, clothing decorations (ribbons, holograms, rhinestones, pearls, etc.), product tags, packaging bags, etc. Materials include metal, plastic, It may include all kinds of materials such as glass, ceramic, stone, paper, and wood, or it may be printed on the surface of a cloth product. In addition, there is no need to cut waste cloth products in advance, such as clothes, towels, cushions, cushion covers, cushions, etc., as long as they are not longer than 2 meters. On the other hand, large fabric products such as curtains, carpets, blankets, futons, futon covers, etc., or those with a size of nearly 2 meters may be cut to make them easier to handle and put into themesh basket 2 or reduction furnace 10. You can also fold it and throw it in. Below, an example in which clothing is carbonized as a waste cloth product will be described. Further, below, an example will be described in which the waste cloth product processing apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 5 is used to carry out carbonization treatment in a batch method (a method in which the waste cloth products are processed simultaneously).
第１実施形態に係る廃棄布製品処理方法等は、新品、中古品等、廃棄される布製の衣服、タオル、寝具、おもちゃ等をまとめて炭化処理し、炭化物を得て、該炭化物を燃料炭や活性炭等にしてリサイクルするものである。炭化物の原料となる廃棄布製品は、天然繊維でも合成繊維でも布製品であればよく、布が使用され、含水率が３０％以下のものであれば、ダウン、毛皮、革が使用されていてもよく、素材としては、それらの素材も合成素材、天然素材を問わない。含水率が３０％を超えると、乾燥工程が必要になり、コストと時間、手間がかかる。また炭化処理するに際し、廃棄布製品に付属する付属品を事前に排除する必要はない。ここでいう付属品としては、ボタン、チャック、袖口のゴム、衣服の飾り（リボン、ホログラム、ラインストーン、パール等）、商品タグ、包装袋等が挙げられ、素材は、金属製、プラスチック製、ガラス製、陶製、石製、紙製、木製等のあらゆる各種材料を含んでいてもよく、布製品の表面にプリント等印刷されているものでもよい。また廃棄布製品は、２メートルを超える長尺なものでなければ、衣服、タオル、クッション、クッションカバー、座布団等、事前に断裁する必要はない。一方、カーテン、カーペット、毛布、ふとん、ふとんカバー等、大型の布製品や２メートル近いサイズのものは、取り扱いしやすく、網状かご２や還元炉１０に投入やすいように断裁してもよいし、折り畳んで投入してもよい。以下では、廃棄布製品として、衣料品を炭化処理する例を説明する。また以下では、図５に示す廃棄布製品処理装置１を使ってバッチ式（まとめて同時に処理する方式）にて炭化処理する例を説明する。 A waste cloth product processing method and a waste cloth product processing apparatus according to a first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6.
The method for disposing of waste cloth products according to the first embodiment carbonizes discarded cloth clothes, towels, bedding, toys, etc., including new and used products, to obtain charcoal, and converts the charcoal to fuel charcoal. It can be recycled into activated carbon, etc. The waste cloth products that serve as raw materials for charcoal can be any cloth product, whether it is natural fiber or synthetic fiber, and as long as it is made of cloth and has a moisture content of 30% or less, down, fur, or leather can be used. The materials used can be either synthetic or natural. When the moisture content exceeds 30%, a drying process is required, which is costly, time consuming, and laborious. Further, when carrying out carbonization treatment, there is no need to remove accessories attached to waste cloth products in advance. Accessories here include buttons, zippers, elastic cuffs, clothing decorations (ribbons, holograms, rhinestones, pearls, etc.), product tags, packaging bags, etc. Materials include metal, plastic, It may include all kinds of materials such as glass, ceramic, stone, paper, and wood, or it may be printed on the surface of a cloth product. In addition, there is no need to cut waste cloth products in advance, such as clothes, towels, cushions, cushion covers, cushions, etc., as long as they are not longer than 2 meters. On the other hand, large fabric products such as curtains, carpets, blankets, futons, futon covers, etc., or those with a size of nearly 2 meters may be cut to make them easier to handle and put into the
図１及び図２は、第１実施形態に係る廃棄布製品処理方法の一例を示すフローチャートである。図５（ａ）は第１実施形態に係る廃棄布製品処理装置１とその周辺装置の外観模式図である。図５（ｂ）は同廃棄布製品処理装置１で用いられる網状かご２の一例を模式的に示した斜視図である。図６は同廃棄布製品処理装置１の内部構造を模式的に示す概略断面図である。
FIGS. 1 and 2 are flowcharts illustrating an example of the waste cloth product processing method according to the first embodiment. FIG. 5(a) is a schematic external view of the waste cloth product processing apparatus 1 and its peripheral devices according to the first embodiment. FIG. 5(b) is a perspective view schematically showing an example of the mesh basket 2 used in the waste cloth product processing apparatus 1. FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view schematically showing the internal structure of the waste cloth product processing apparatus 1.
＜廃棄布製品投入工程＞
まずは、廃棄布製品投入工程（Ｓ１００）を行う。廃棄布製品を１辺が１ｍ～２ｍ程度の立方体形状で金属製の網状かご２（図５（ａ）及び図５（ｂ）参照）に収容する。網状かご２に廃棄布製品を収容したら、複数の網状かご２を台車１５に乗せ、廃棄布製品処理装置１を還元炉１０の密閉扉１６を開け、密閉扉１６から搬入する。なお、網状かご２の大きさは後記する還元炉１０の規模に応じて設定され、上記サイズに限定されるものではない。 <Waste cloth product input process>
First, a waste cloth product loading step (S100) is performed. The waste cloth products are stored in a metal net-like basket 2 (see FIGS. 5(a) and 5(b)) in a cubic shape with each side of about 1 m to 2 m. After the waste cloth products are stored in themesh basket 2, the plurality of mesh baskets 2 are placed on the trolley 15, the waste cloth product processing apparatus 1 is carried in through the closed door 16 by opening the closed door 16 of the reduction furnace 10. Note that the size of the mesh cage 2 is set according to the scale of the reduction furnace 10 described later, and is not limited to the above size.
まずは、廃棄布製品投入工程（Ｓ１００）を行う。廃棄布製品を１辺が１ｍ～２ｍ程度の立方体形状で金属製の網状かご２（図５（ａ）及び図５（ｂ）参照）に収容する。網状かご２に廃棄布製品を収容したら、複数の網状かご２を台車１５に乗せ、廃棄布製品処理装置１を還元炉１０の密閉扉１６を開け、密閉扉１６から搬入する。なお、網状かご２の大きさは後記する還元炉１０の規模に応じて設定され、上記サイズに限定されるものではない。 <Waste cloth product input process>
First, a waste cloth product loading step (S100) is performed. The waste cloth products are stored in a metal net-like basket 2 (see FIGS. 5(a) and 5(b)) in a cubic shape with each side of about 1 m to 2 m. After the waste cloth products are stored in the
図５（ｂ）に示すように網状かご２は、立方体形状からなり、６面すべてに炭化工程（Ｓ１０１）で発生するガスを排気する通気部２ａを備える。図例のものは、通気部２ａが、格子状に配して構成された線状の鉄材２１で構成されている。網状かご２の上方は、廃棄布製品が投入できるよう開閉自在に構成されているが、網状かご２の構成によっては、上面がなくてもよい。ここでは網状かご２に廃棄布製品を投入し炭化する例を説明するが、図５（ｂ）に示すようなものに限定されず、通気部２ａとなる貫通孔が複数設けられていればよいし、後述する加熱室１１内が複数に仕切られているような場合は、上方が開口したトレイタイプのものであってよい。廃棄布製品を網状かご２に収容する際には、隙間を持たせ圧縮しすぎないように収容する。網状かご２内に衣料品を圧縮しすぎて収容すると熱分解時に廃棄布製品を構成する繊維から発生するガスをスムーズに網状かご２外に排出できず、温度も万遍に伝わりにくくなるため、均一な炭化処理を実現できない一因となる。網状かご２に収容する衣料品は、同じ種類のものばかりでもよいし、複数種類を混載してもよい。このとき、合成繊維（化学繊維）が多く含まれて構成された衣料品は炭化処理を行うと熱分解が始まる前に消失（気化）・液化する。具体的には、合成繊維、例えばポリエステル、ナイロン、ウレタン、アクリルなどの熱可塑性樹脂からなるものや、フェノール、ユリア等の熱硬化性樹脂からなるもの、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン、ポリスチレン等からなるものは、炭化工程（Ｓ１０１）で２００℃程度の温度で気化したり、軽油化するため、炭化物の収率が悪い。よって天然繊維を含んで構成された衣料品の割合いが２割を下回ると、炭化物の収率が２割に満たない傾向となる。よって、網状かご２には、２割以上を毛、綿、絹、麻、レーヨン等の動物性・植物性の天然繊維を含んで構成された衣料品が混載されるように収容することが望ましい。
As shown in FIG. 5(b), the mesh cage 2 has a cubic shape, and is provided with ventilation portions 2a on all six sides for exhausting gas generated in the carbonization step (S101). In the illustrated example, the ventilation portion 2a is composed of linear iron members 21 arranged in a grid pattern. The upper part of the mesh basket 2 is configured to be openable and closable so that waste cloth products can be put therein, but depending on the configuration of the mesh basket 2, there may be no upper surface. Here, we will explain an example in which waste cloth products are placed in the net-like basket 2 and carbonized, but it is not limited to the one shown in FIG. However, if the inside of the heating chamber 11 is partitioned into a plurality of sections, which will be described later, it may be of a tray type with an open top. When the waste cloth products are stored in the mesh basket 2, they are stored with a gap so as not to be compressed too much. If clothing is too compressed and stored in the mesh basket 2, the gas generated from the fibers that make up the waste cloth products during pyrolysis cannot be smoothly discharged outside the mesh basket 2, and the temperature will not be transmitted evenly. This is one of the reasons why uniform carbonization cannot be achieved. The clothing items stored in the net-like basket 2 may be all of the same type, or may be a mixture of multiple types. At this time, when clothing that contains a large amount of synthetic fiber (chemical fiber) is carbonized, it disappears (vaporizes) and liquefies before thermal decomposition begins. Specifically, synthetic fibers, such as those made of thermoplastic resins such as polyester, nylon, urethane, and acrylic, those made of thermosetting resins such as phenol and urea, and those made of polypropylene, polyethylene, and polystyrene, In the carbonization step (S101), the carbide is vaporized or converted into light oil at a temperature of about 200°C, resulting in a poor yield of carbide. Therefore, if the proportion of clothing containing natural fibers is less than 20%, the yield of carbide tends to be less than 20%. Therefore, it is preferable that the mesh basket 2 accommodates clothing items that contain at least 20% of animal/vegetable natural fibers such as wool, cotton, silk, hemp, and rayon. .
図３の写真は、廃棄布製品投入工程前の写真であり、発明者は、これらをまとめて炭化することに成功している。在庫として処分する新品の衣料品の場合は、衣料品がビニールの梱包袋のままである場合が多いが、炭化処理するために、梱包袋から衣料品のみを取り出さなくても、良質の炭化物を得られた。また加熱室１１に搬入する廃棄布製品全体に対して、１割～２割程度であれば、図３に写っているように段ボール箱ごと炭化してもよい。また天然繊維の割り合いが少なくても、炭化は可能であるが、天然繊維を含んで構成された衣料品が２割を下回ると、上述のとおり、炭化物の収率が２割に満たない傾向となる。発明者が炭化処理試験を行ったところ、３割以上天然繊維で構成されたものが含まれていれば、炭化物の収率を２割以上にでき、廃棄布製品から効率よく均一に炭化された良質の炭化物を得ることができることがわかった。図３の写真に示す廃棄布製品のうち、天然繊維は、アルパカ、コットン、レーヨン、ウールで、合成繊維は、アクリル、ナイロン、ポリエステル、ポリウレタンであった。金属製のチェックや飾り、ゴム製の付属品は問題なく一緒に炭化可能である。ボタンやリボン等は素材によるが、炭化する廃棄布製品全体からすれば微量であるので、収率にほとんど影響がない。
The photograph in Figure 3 is a photograph before the process of adding waste cloth products, and the inventor succeeded in carbonizing them all at once. In the case of new clothing to be disposed of as inventory, the clothing is often left in the plastic packaging bag, but in order to undergo carbonization treatment, high-quality carbonized material can be produced without removing the clothing from the packaging bag. Obtained. Further, if it is about 10% to 20% of the total waste cloth products carried into the heating chamber 11, the entire cardboard box may be carbonized as shown in FIG. Carbonization is possible even if the proportion of natural fibers is small, but if less than 20% of clothing contains natural fibers, the yield of carbonized products tends to be less than 20%, as mentioned above. becomes. When the inventor conducted a carbonization test, it was found that if the material contained more than 30% natural fibers, the yield of charred products could be increased to 20% or more, and waste cloth products could be efficiently and uniformly carbonized. It was found that high quality carbide can be obtained. Among the waste cloth products shown in the photograph of FIG. 3, the natural fibers were alpaca, cotton, rayon, and wool, and the synthetic fibers were acrylic, nylon, polyester, and polyurethane. Metal checks and decorations, as well as rubber accessories, can be carbonized together without any problems. Buttons, ribbons, etc. depend on the material, but they are a small amount compared to the total amount of waste cloth products that are carbonized, so they have little effect on yield.
加熱室１１で廃棄布製品を炭化するに際し、含水率は３０％以下であることも重要であるが、例えば含水率６０％の食品残渣や含水率８０％の下水汚泥等を炭化する場合と比べて、衣料品等の布製品は、在庫となった新品が多く、乾燥した状態で廃棄されるため、廃棄布製品投入工程（Ｓ１００）において、脱水したり乾燥したりする工程は生じない。しかし、廃棄布製品が濡れて水分を含む場合は、含水率３０％以下に脱水・乾燥する必要がある。また食品残渣、産業廃棄物、一般ごみを炭化する場合は、なにからなるものか不明なものが混載されることになるが、本実施形態に係る衣料品や上記列挙した布製品は、どのような素材からなるかの表示がされているものがほとんどであるので、炭化処理において有害物質が出現したり、異常発熱・発火・ガス爆発といった事故リスクも極めて低減することができる。発明者が行った炭化処理試験については、後述でさらに詳しく説明する。
When carbonizing waste cloth products in the heating chamber 11, it is important that the moisture content is 30% or less, but compared to, for example, carbonizing food residue with a moisture content of 60% or sewage sludge with a moisture content of 80%. Since many cloth products such as clothing are new in stock and are discarded in a dry state, dehydration and drying steps are not performed in the waste cloth product input step (S100). However, if the waste cloth product is wet and contains water, it needs to be dehydrated and dried to a moisture content of 30% or less. Furthermore, when food residue, industrial waste, and general garbage are carbonized, items of unknown nature will be mixed in, but the clothing according to this embodiment and the fabric products listed above are Since most of the products are labeled as to whether they are made of such materials, the risk of hazardous substances appearing during the carbonization process and accidents such as abnormal heat generation, ignition, and gas explosions can be extremely reduced. The carbonization test conducted by the inventor will be explained in more detail later.
＜炭化工程（ガス抜き工程）＞
次に廃棄布製品を炭化する炭化工程（Ｓ１０１）を行う。
炭化する還元炉１０は、酸素を遮断した状態で有機化合物などの炭素化合物を加熱して熱分解する装置である。炭素化合物は熱分解により、一部はガス化し、一部は炭化して減容される。還元炉１０は過熱水蒸気を用いて加熱するバッチ型炉が好適で、ローラ式の載置部１７と密閉扉１６と側枠１８を含んで構成されている。載置部１７、密閉扉１６及び側枠１８は一体とされており、載置部１７に網状かご２を乗せた状態で、台車１５により還元炉１０の加熱室１１に対し搬入出されるようになっている。載置部１７の上には、複数の網状かご２，２・・・が並列に配列され複数段に積み上げて載置される。側枠１８は、これら積み上げられた網状かご２，２・・・が倒れて崩れないように側面を支持するように設けられている。また還元炉１０の加熱室１１を密閉するために密閉扉１６が設けられているが、これに使用するパッキンとしては、ゴムではなく、加熱により変形しにくい膨張黒鉛を用いることが望ましい。また熱分解時に廃棄布製品から発生するガスを廃棄布製品を構成する繊維の隙間を通じてガス抜きするガス抜き工程を促進させるため、載置部１７を適宜振動させる振動手段（不図示）を備えていてもよい。 <Carbonization process (degassing process)>
Next, a carbonization step (S101) is performed to carbonize the waste cloth product.
The carbonizingreduction furnace 10 is a device that heats and thermally decomposes carbon compounds such as organic compounds in a state where oxygen is cut off. Through thermal decomposition, a portion of the carbon compound is gasified and a portion is carbonized to reduce its volume. The reduction furnace 10 is preferably a batch-type furnace that heats using superheated steam, and includes a roller-type mounting section 17, a sealed door 16, and a side frame 18. The placing part 17, the sealed door 16, and the side frame 18 are integrated, and the mesh basket 2 placed on the placing part 17 is carried in and out of the heating chamber 11 of the reduction furnace 10 by the trolley 15. It has become. On the placing section 17, a plurality of mesh baskets 2, 2, . . . are arranged in parallel and stacked in multiple stages. The side frames 18 are provided to support the sides of the stacked mesh baskets 2, 2, . . . to prevent them from falling over and collapsing. Further, although a sealing door 16 is provided to seal the heating chamber 11 of the reduction furnace 10, it is preferable to use expanded graphite, which is not easily deformed by heating, as the packing used for this, rather than rubber. In addition, in order to accelerate the degassing process in which the gas generated from the waste cloth product during pyrolysis is degassed through the gaps between the fibers constituting the waste cloth product, a vibrating means (not shown) is provided for appropriately vibrating the mounting section 17. It's okay.
次に廃棄布製品を炭化する炭化工程（Ｓ１０１）を行う。
炭化する還元炉１０は、酸素を遮断した状態で有機化合物などの炭素化合物を加熱して熱分解する装置である。炭素化合物は熱分解により、一部はガス化し、一部は炭化して減容される。還元炉１０は過熱水蒸気を用いて加熱するバッチ型炉が好適で、ローラ式の載置部１７と密閉扉１６と側枠１８を含んで構成されている。載置部１７、密閉扉１６及び側枠１８は一体とされており、載置部１７に網状かご２を乗せた状態で、台車１５により還元炉１０の加熱室１１に対し搬入出されるようになっている。載置部１７の上には、複数の網状かご２，２・・・が並列に配列され複数段に積み上げて載置される。側枠１８は、これら積み上げられた網状かご２，２・・・が倒れて崩れないように側面を支持するように設けられている。また還元炉１０の加熱室１１を密閉するために密閉扉１６が設けられているが、これに使用するパッキンとしては、ゴムではなく、加熱により変形しにくい膨張黒鉛を用いることが望ましい。また熱分解時に廃棄布製品から発生するガスを廃棄布製品を構成する繊維の隙間を通じてガス抜きするガス抜き工程を促進させるため、載置部１７を適宜振動させる振動手段（不図示）を備えていてもよい。 <Carbonization process (degassing process)>
Next, a carbonization step (S101) is performed to carbonize the waste cloth product.
The carbonizing
還元炉１０は、加熱室内を５００℃～１０００℃の間で温度調整する温度制御部（不図示）と、加熱室１１を加熱する燃焼室（不図示）と、ボイラー１３に接続された過熱水蒸気発生装置（不図示）とを備え、還元炉１０の加熱室１１内に過熱水蒸気が供給される。これにより、加熱室１１内は過熱水蒸気の対流により温度が略一定に保たれる。図６に示すように加熱室１１は二次燃焼室１９とガス流通部１９ａを介して連通接続されている。加熱室１１で廃棄布製品から発生するガスのうち、乾留ガスは二次燃焼室１９に導かれ、そこで加熱燃焼され、水蒸気が排気筒１４から排出される一方、排ガスは還元炉１０の加熱用に利用された後、還元炉１０より排出され、ガス冷却器１２ａを有するガス処理装置１２で冷却および除塵がされ無害化されて大気に放出される。
The reduction furnace 10 includes a temperature control unit (not shown) that adjusts the temperature in the heating chamber between 500°C and 1000°C, a combustion chamber (not shown) that heats the heating chamber 11, and a superheated steam connected to the boiler 13. A generator (not shown) is provided, and superheated steam is supplied into the heating chamber 11 of the reduction furnace 10. Thereby, the temperature within the heating chamber 11 is kept substantially constant due to the convection of the superheated steam. As shown in FIG. 6, the heating chamber 11 is connected to the secondary combustion chamber 19 via a gas flow section 19a. Among the gases generated from the waste cloth products in the heating chamber 11, carbonized gas is led to the secondary combustion chamber 19, where it is heated and combusted, and water vapor is discharged from the exhaust stack 14, while the exhaust gas is used for heating the reduction furnace 10. After being utilized for this purpose, the gas is discharged from the reduction furnace 10, cooled and dust removed by a gas processing device 12 having a gas cooler 12a, rendered harmless, and released into the atmosphere.
還元炉１０は、加熱室１１内を炭化に最適な温度設定が可能とされていればよく、例えば５００℃に昇温加熱して一定時間維持しておき、そこに網状かご２に収容された廃棄布製品を搬入した後、無酸素状態で、６００～８００℃に昇温加熱して一定時間維持し、さらにその後、８００～１０００℃前後に昇温加熱して炭化してもよい。また段階昇温せず、５００～１０００℃に加熱された加熱室１１で２～３時間炭化処理を行うようにしてもよく、温度を上げると炭化物が硬くなり、良質の炭化物となる。発明者が行った炭化試験については後述する。
The reduction furnace 10 only needs to be able to set the optimum temperature for carbonization in the heating chamber 11. For example, the temperature is raised to 500° C. and maintained for a certain period of time, and the reduced temperature is housed in the mesh cage 2. After the waste cloth product is brought in, it may be heated to 600 to 800°C in an oxygen-free condition and maintained for a certain period of time, and then further heated to about 800 to 1000°C to carbonize. Alternatively, the carbonization treatment may be carried out for 2 to 3 hours in the heating chamber 11 heated to 500 to 1000° C. without raising the temperature in stages. As the temperature is raised, the carbide becomes hard and becomes a high quality carbide. The carbonization test conducted by the inventor will be described later.
加熱室１１での炭化は熱分解であっても、加熱温度によっては、合成繊維の一部は、ガスを発生するも炭化はせず溶融するおそれがあるため、急激に高温で加熱しないなどの温度制御が必要とされる。加熱室１１に廃棄布製品が収容された網状かご２，２・・・を搬入し、常温から加熱処理を行ってもよいが、所定の温度まで室内を加熱するのには時間を要するため、空の状態で事前加熱することが望ましい。例えば、事前にバーナーなどで加熱しておき、その後、網状かご２，２・・・を還元炉１０内に搬入するほうが、効率的な加熱処理を行うことができる。このとき、加熱室１１内では熱分解が始まると、自己発熱するため、焼却する場合と比べて加熱室１１を加熱するための燃料の使用料を大幅に低減することができ、二酸化炭素の排出も低減できる。炭化工程（Ｓ１０１）における炭化処理は２時間～４時間を要し、冷却処理には１～２時間を要する。よって、還元炉１０を複数基用意し、炭化工程（Ｓ１０１）で発生する熱を別の還元炉１０の予熱に使用する等し時間差で加熱処理すれば、効率化を図ることができる。またこの炭化工程（Ｓ１０１）では、熱分解時に発生するガスを廃棄布製品を構成する繊維の隙間を通じて排出するガス抜き工程を行うことが肝要である。衣料素材として、皮革や不織布等、様々な仕様があり、本実施形態に係る廃棄布製品として、部分的に皮革や不織布が使用されていたり、例えば天然・合成問わず、皮革製のジャンパーが混載されても問題ないが、主としては、織物、もしくは編物で構成された繊維材を構成されたものを炭化することを想定している。織物は、平織、綾織、朱子織等、問わないが、長さ方向の経糸と幅方向の緯糸が、織機によって互いに直角に上下に組み合わされて交差しているため、隙間が存在する。本実施形態における廃棄布製品の処理方法は、その繊維の隙間を通じて熱分解時に発生するガスをスムーズに排気させながら、炭化処理を行うことで、均一で良質な炭化物を得ることができることを見いだしたものである。特に天然繊維は良質な炭化物を得ることができ、図２のＳ２０１に示す写真を拡大したものが図４（ａ）であり、図４（ａ）の一部をさらに拡大した写真が図４（ｂ）である。図４（ｂ）に示す写真は、レーヨン７２％、ナイロン２８％で構成されたニットを炭化したもので、この写真から明らかなとおり、本実施形態の廃棄布製品処理方法によれば、ニットの編み柄・形をそのまま残して炭化することができる。通常、ナイロン等のプラスチック製の糸は炭化すると溶けて形が残らず塊になるが、布製品とするため、天然糸との織物になると、天然糸がプラスチック製糸を溶解させずに形を維持した状態で所定の温度に達すると熱分解が開始するとともに繊維の隙間からガスが排出される効果も相まって、ほぼ形を残した炭化物になることが判明した。
Even though the carbonization in the heating chamber 11 is thermal decomposition, depending on the heating temperature, some synthetic fibers may generate gas but not carbonize and melt. Temperature control is required. The mesh baskets 2, 2, etc. containing waste cloth products may be brought into the heating chamber 11 and heated from room temperature, but since it takes time to heat the room to a predetermined temperature, It is desirable to preheat it in an empty state. For example, it is possible to perform the heat treatment more efficiently by heating the mesh baskets 2, 2, . . . into the reduction furnace 10 in advance by heating them with a burner or the like. At this time, when thermal decomposition begins in the heating chamber 11, self-heating occurs, so the cost of fuel for heating the heating chamber 11 can be significantly reduced compared to the case of incineration, and carbon dioxide emissions can be reduced. can also be reduced. The carbonization treatment in the carbonization step (S101) requires 2 to 4 hours, and the cooling treatment requires 1 to 2 hours. Therefore, if a plurality of reduction furnaces 10 are prepared and the heat generated in the carbonization step (S101) is used for preheating another reduction furnace 10, and the heat treatment is performed at different times, efficiency can be improved. In addition, in this carbonization step (S101), it is important to perform a degassing step in which the gas generated during thermal decomposition is discharged through the gaps between the fibers constituting the waste cloth product. There are various specifications for clothing materials such as leather and non-woven fabric, and the waste cloth product according to this embodiment may partially use leather or non-woven fabric, and for example, a jumper made of leather, whether natural or synthetic, is mixed. However, it is mainly assumed that a fiber material made of woven or knitted material will be carbonized. The woven fabric may be plain weave, twill weave, satin weave, etc., but gaps exist because the warp threads in the length direction and the weft threads in the width direction are intersected by being combined vertically at right angles to each other by the loom. It has been discovered that in the method of processing waste cloth products in this embodiment, uniform and high-quality carbide can be obtained by performing carbonization treatment while smoothly exhausting the gas generated during pyrolysis through the gaps between the fibers. It is something. In particular, natural fibers can be used to obtain high-quality carbides. Figure 4 (a) is an enlarged photograph of S201 in Figure 2, and Figure 4 (a) is a further enlarged photograph of a part of Figure 4 (a). b). The photograph shown in FIG. 4(b) shows a carbonized knit made of 72% rayon and 28% nylon. It can be carbonized while leaving the knitted pattern and shape intact. Normally, when plastic threads such as nylon are carbonized, they melt and become lumps without leaving a shape, but when woven with natural threads to make cloth products, the natural threads maintain their shape without dissolving the plastic threads. It was found that when a predetermined temperature is reached in this state, thermal decomposition begins, and this combined with the effect of gas being discharged from the gaps between the fibers results in a carbide that retains almost its shape.
熱分解により廃棄布製品から発生する乾留ガスを熱エネルギーとして利用できるように電気変換器を備えていてもよい。具体的には、乾留ガスを電気に変換できるスターリングエンジンやマイクロガスタービンに再利用すればよい。乾留ガスのこのような利用により、熱分解処理のランニングコストを低減化することもできる。また発生した乾留ガスを油化して生成油を生成することもできる。つまり、ケミカルリサイクル（合成樹脂を石油に戻す）を実現することができる。これらの生成油はディーゼルエンジン、レシプロエンジン、ロータリーエンジンなど内燃機関の燃料や、その他機械燃料、ボイラー燃料、発電などに使用することができる。また還元炉１０での加熱処理は、熱分解処理であるため二酸化炭素の発生が抑制されるが、熱分解処理により発生した二酸化炭素は、水素や窒素と反応させてメタンガス、エタノール等を生成するようにしてもよい。このようにすることで、メタンガスなどの有用な物質を分離回収することができ、かつ二酸化炭素の排出を大幅に低減化することができる。なお、電気変換する場合は、常時還元炉１０からガスが発生する方がよく、第２実施形態に示す揺動式の還元炉１０が好適である。
An electric converter may be provided so that the carbonized gas generated from the waste cloth products by pyrolysis can be used as thermal energy. Specifically, it can be reused in Stirling engines and micro gas turbines that can convert carbonized gas into electricity. By using carbonized gas in this manner, the running cost of the thermal decomposition process can also be reduced. It is also possible to produce oil by converting the generated carbonized gas into oil. In other words, chemical recycling (returning synthetic resin to petroleum) can be realized. These produced oils can be used as fuel for internal combustion engines such as diesel engines, reciprocating engines, and rotary engines, as well as other mechanical fuels, boiler fuels, and power generation. Furthermore, since the heat treatment in the reduction furnace 10 is a thermal decomposition process, the generation of carbon dioxide is suppressed, but the carbon dioxide generated by the thermal decomposition process is reacted with hydrogen and nitrogen to produce methane gas, ethanol, etc. You can do it like this. By doing so, useful substances such as methane gas can be separated and recovered, and carbon dioxide emissions can be significantly reduced. Note that in the case of electrical conversion, it is better to constantly generate gas from the reduction furnace 10, and the swinging type reduction furnace 10 shown in the second embodiment is suitable.
＜燃料炭製造工程＞
次に炭化工程Ｓ１０１を経て、このようにして炭化されて得た炭化物（図２・Ｓ２０１参照）は、上述のとおり、熱分解時に発生するガスを廃棄布製品を構成する繊維の隙間を通じて排出するガス抜き工程を行いながら炭化することで、均一で良質な炭化物となるため、燃料炭、活性炭等に活用することができる。ここではまず燃料炭とする場合について説明する。 <Thermal coal production process>
Next, through the carbonization step S101, the carbide obtained by carbonization in this way (see S201 in Figure 2) discharges the gas generated during thermal decomposition through the gaps between the fibers constituting the waste cloth product, as described above. By carbonizing while performing the degassing process, it becomes a uniform and high-quality carbide, which can be used for fuel carbon, activated carbon, etc. Here, we will first explain the case of using fuel coal.
次に炭化工程Ｓ１０１を経て、このようにして炭化されて得た炭化物（図２・Ｓ２０１参照）は、上述のとおり、熱分解時に発生するガスを廃棄布製品を構成する繊維の隙間を通じて排出するガス抜き工程を行いながら炭化することで、均一で良質な炭化物となるため、燃料炭、活性炭等に活用することができる。ここではまず燃料炭とする場合について説明する。 <Thermal coal production process>
Next, through the carbonization step S101, the carbide obtained by carbonization in this way (see S201 in Figure 2) discharges the gas generated during thermal decomposition through the gaps between the fibers constituting the waste cloth product, as described above. By carbonizing while performing the degassing process, it becomes a uniform and high-quality carbide, which can be used for fuel carbon, activated carbon, etc. Here, we will first explain the case of using fuel coal.
炭化物を燃料炭とする場合は、まずは粒度１００～５００μｍに炭化物を粉砕する粗粉砕工程（Ｓ１０２）を行う。次にジェットミル等を使用し粒度１０～５０μｍ、さらに好適には１０～３０μｍに粉砕する微粉砕工程（Ｓ１０３）を行う（図２・Ｓ２０２参照）。こうして得た炭化粉に、ＣＭＣ、ＰＶＡに糖ミツ等の糖類を混合したバインダーを混合するバインダー混合工程（Ｓ１０４）を行う。そしてバインダー混合工程（Ｓ１０４）において、混合された混合物を所定の形状に圧縮して成形する圧縮化工程（Ｓ１０５）を経て、燃料炭を得ることができる（図２・Ｓ２０３参照）。本実施形態に係る燃料炭によれば、原料が廃棄される廃棄布製品からなる炭化物であるので、環境問題に配慮した材料からなる燃料炭を構成できる。またバインダーとしてＣＭＣ、ＰＶＡを用いると味も臭いもなく、バーベキュー等の燃料炭に好適である。また糖ミツをバインダーにすると、火付きがよく、食材の味もよくなり、使用後に水をかけても、炭の形が崩れず、残れば消し炭を再度利用することができる。燃料炭の形状、大きさは図２・Ｓ２０３の写真で示すように特に限定されず、アウトドアで行うバーベキューで用いられる燃料炭の場合、特に限定されないが、例えば圧縮率が１ｃｍ／５０～７０Ｋｇ（１秒～２秒）、乾燥時間は自然乾燥で５～１０時間（１０℃～２０℃）、燃焼時間は３～５時間とし、径が３～５ｃｍで１０～１３センチの棒状のものが使用しやすい。バインダーとしては、でんぷん、セルロース、アルギン酸、フェノール、ポリアクリル酸ソーダ、デキシトリン等が挙げられる。これにおがくず炭やヤシガラ炭を１～２割追加してもよいし、はちみつ、水あめ等の糖類を添加すると火がつきやすい燃料炭にすることができ、肉・魚・野菜を焼く燃料炭にすると、美味になる。なお、Ｓ１０３の「微粉砕工程」を経て得た炭化粉は、Ｓ２０３に示すような固形の燃料炭に限定されず、炭化粉の状態で火力発電などの燃料とすることもできる。
If the carbide is to be used as fuel coal, first a coarse pulverization step (S102) is performed in which the carbide is pulverized to a particle size of 100 to 500 μm. Next, a fine pulverization step (S103) is performed using a jet mill or the like to obtain a particle size of 10 to 50 μm, more preferably 10 to 30 μm (see S202 in FIG. 2). A binder mixing step (S104) is performed in which a binder, which is a mixture of CMC, PVA, and saccharides such as molasses, is mixed into the carbonized powder thus obtained. Then, in the binder mixing step (S104), fuel charcoal can be obtained through a compression step (S105) in which the mixed mixture is compressed and molded into a predetermined shape (see S203 in FIG. 2). According to the thermal charcoal according to the present embodiment, since the raw material is a carbide made of waste cloth products that are discarded, the thermal charcoal can be made of a material that is environmentally friendly. Further, when CMC or PVA is used as a binder, it has neither taste nor odor, and is suitable for use as fuel charcoal for barbecues and the like. Also, using sugar honey as a binder makes it easier to ignite, improves the taste of the food, the charcoal retains its shape even when water is poured on it after use, and if it remains, the extinguished charcoal can be reused. The shape and size of the fuel charcoal are not particularly limited as shown in the photograph of S203 in FIG. 1 second to 2 seconds), drying time is 5 to 10 hours (10 to 20 degrees Celsius) for natural drying, combustion time is 3 to 5 hours, and a rod-shaped item with a diameter of 3 to 5 cm and 10 to 13 cm is used. It's easy to do. Examples of the binder include starch, cellulose, alginic acid, phenol, sodium polyacrylate, and dextrin. You can add 10% to 20% of sawdust charcoal or coconut shell charcoal to this, or add sugars such as honey or starch syrup to make fuel charcoal that is easy to catch fire, and can be used as fuel charcoal for grilling meat, fish, and vegetables. Then it becomes delicious. Note that the carbonized powder obtained through the "fine pulverization step" in S103 is not limited to solid fuel coal as shown in S203, but can also be used as a fuel for thermal power generation in the carbonized powder state.
＜活性炭製造工程＞
一方、炭化工程Ｓ１０１を経て、炭化物を活性炭にする場合について説明する。
炭化物を燃料炭とする場合は、まず燃料炭の場合と同様に粒度１００～５００μｍに炭化物を粉砕する粗粉砕工程（Ｓ１０６）を行う。次にジェットミル等を使用し粒度１０～５０μｍに粉砕する微粉砕工程（Ｓ１０７）を行い、炭化粉を得る（図２・Ｓ２０４参照）。そして炭化粉を多孔質材料に変える賦活処理工程（Ｓ１０８）を行う。賦活処理工程（Ｓ１０８）で行う活性化反応、賦活処理の方法はガス賦活でも薬品賦活でもよい。ガス賦活としては、水蒸気、二酸化炭素、空気、燃焼ガス等のガス賦活剤を利用して７００～１０００℃の高温で反応させる方法が挙げられる。薬品賦活としては、塩化亜鉛、リン酸等の賦活薬剤を利用して水溶液にしてそこに炭化粉を含浸し、不活性ガス雰囲気下で５００～７００℃の温度で焼成する方法が挙げられる。賦活薬剤として、水酸化カリウムや水酸化ナトリウムなどのアルカリ金属を使用してもよく、発明者の試験によれば、ガス賦活の場合は、水蒸気賦活、薬品賦活の場合は、アルカリ賦活とすると、比表面積が８００ｍ２／ｇ以上の活性炭が得られた。比表面積が８００ｍ２／ｇ以上の活性炭を得るには、炭化粉の硬度が高く、炭化収率が高い必要があるが、本実施形態に係る廃棄布製品処理方法によって得た炭化粉を賦活処理したところ、十分な比表面積を有する活性炭が得られた。こうして得られた活性炭は、様々なものに利活用できる。例えば図２のＳ２０５に示すように２枚の不織布の間に活性炭が混在するシートを配し、１枚のシート体とすれば、臭い吸着機能を有する活性炭シートとすることができ、床材、壁材、天井材等、建材シートとして活用できる（図１・Ｓ１０９）。また例えば図２のＳ２０６に示すように活性炭を投入した水にフィルターとして使用する天然パルプ紙を含浸させれば、活性炭フィルターとして活用でき、エアコンのフィルター等として利用できる（図１・Ｓ１１０）。また活性炭の用途によって硬い活性炭がよい場合は、粉末状の活性炭に金属を結合させると硬くすることができる。またアルカリ賦活すると比表面積が３０００ｍ２／ｇ以上の非常に優秀な活性炭を得ることができた。ここまで比表面積が高い活性炭であれば、急速充放電のキャパシタ用等に使用可能である。 <Activated carbon manufacturing process>
On the other hand, a case will be described in which the carbide is converted into activated carbon through the carbonization step S101.
When the carbide is used as fuel coal, first a coarse pulverization step (S106) is performed in which the carbide is ground to a particle size of 100 to 500 μm in the same way as in the case of fuel coal. Next, a fine pulverization step (S107) is performed in which the powder is pulverized to a particle size of 10 to 50 μm using a jet mill or the like to obtain a carbonized powder (see S204 in FIG. 2). Then, an activation treatment step (S108) is performed to convert the carbonized powder into a porous material. The method of activation reaction and activation treatment performed in the activation treatment step (S108) may be gas activation or chemical activation. Examples of gas activation include a method in which a reaction is performed at a high temperature of 700 to 1000° C. using a gas activator such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, air, or combustion gas. Examples of chemical activation include a method of making an aqueous solution using an activation agent such as zinc chloride or phosphoric acid, impregnating it with carbonized powder, and firing it at a temperature of 500 to 700° C. in an inert gas atmosphere. As the activation agent, an alkali metal such as potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide may be used, and according to the inventor's tests, in the case of gas activation, steam activation is used, and in the case of chemical activation, alkali activation is used. Activated carbon with a specific surface area of 800 m 2 /g or more was obtained. In order to obtain activated carbon with a specific surface area of 800 m 2 /g or more, it is necessary that the carbonized powder has high hardness and a high carbonization yield. As a result, activated carbon having a sufficient specific surface area was obtained. The activated carbon thus obtained can be used for various purposes. For example, as shown in S205 in FIG. 2, if a sheet containing activated carbon is placed between two sheets of nonwoven fabric to form a single sheet, an activated carbon sheet with an odor adsorption function can be obtained. It can be used as a building material sheet for wall materials, ceiling materials, etc. (Figure 1, S109). For example, as shown in S206 in FIG. 2, if natural pulp paper used as a filter is impregnated with water into which activated carbon has been added, it can be used as an activated carbon filter, and can be used as an air conditioner filter, etc. (S110 in FIG. 1). Furthermore, if hard activated carbon is desired depending on the purpose of the activated carbon, it can be made hard by bonding a metal to powdered activated carbon. Moreover, when activated with alkali, very excellent activated carbon with a specific surface area of 3000 m 2 /g or more could be obtained. Activated carbon with such a high specific surface area can be used for rapid charge/discharge capacitors, etc.
一方、炭化工程Ｓ１０１を経て、炭化物を活性炭にする場合について説明する。
炭化物を燃料炭とする場合は、まず燃料炭の場合と同様に粒度１００～５００μｍに炭化物を粉砕する粗粉砕工程（Ｓ１０６）を行う。次にジェットミル等を使用し粒度１０～５０μｍに粉砕する微粉砕工程（Ｓ１０７）を行い、炭化粉を得る（図２・Ｓ２０４参照）。そして炭化粉を多孔質材料に変える賦活処理工程（Ｓ１０８）を行う。賦活処理工程（Ｓ１０８）で行う活性化反応、賦活処理の方法はガス賦活でも薬品賦活でもよい。ガス賦活としては、水蒸気、二酸化炭素、空気、燃焼ガス等のガス賦活剤を利用して７００～１０００℃の高温で反応させる方法が挙げられる。薬品賦活としては、塩化亜鉛、リン酸等の賦活薬剤を利用して水溶液にしてそこに炭化粉を含浸し、不活性ガス雰囲気下で５００～７００℃の温度で焼成する方法が挙げられる。賦活薬剤として、水酸化カリウムや水酸化ナトリウムなどのアルカリ金属を使用してもよく、発明者の試験によれば、ガス賦活の場合は、水蒸気賦活、薬品賦活の場合は、アルカリ賦活とすると、比表面積が８００ｍ２／ｇ以上の活性炭が得られた。比表面積が８００ｍ２／ｇ以上の活性炭を得るには、炭化粉の硬度が高く、炭化収率が高い必要があるが、本実施形態に係る廃棄布製品処理方法によって得た炭化粉を賦活処理したところ、十分な比表面積を有する活性炭が得られた。こうして得られた活性炭は、様々なものに利活用できる。例えば図２のＳ２０５に示すように２枚の不織布の間に活性炭が混在するシートを配し、１枚のシート体とすれば、臭い吸着機能を有する活性炭シートとすることができ、床材、壁材、天井材等、建材シートとして活用できる（図１・Ｓ１０９）。また例えば図２のＳ２０６に示すように活性炭を投入した水にフィルターとして使用する天然パルプ紙を含浸させれば、活性炭フィルターとして活用でき、エアコンのフィルター等として利用できる（図１・Ｓ１１０）。また活性炭の用途によって硬い活性炭がよい場合は、粉末状の活性炭に金属を結合させると硬くすることができる。またアルカリ賦活すると比表面積が３０００ｍ２／ｇ以上の非常に優秀な活性炭を得ることができた。ここまで比表面積が高い活性炭であれば、急速充放電のキャパシタ用等に使用可能である。 <Activated carbon manufacturing process>
On the other hand, a case will be described in which the carbide is converted into activated carbon through the carbonization step S101.
When the carbide is used as fuel coal, first a coarse pulverization step (S106) is performed in which the carbide is ground to a particle size of 100 to 500 μm in the same way as in the case of fuel coal. Next, a fine pulverization step (S107) is performed in which the powder is pulverized to a particle size of 10 to 50 μm using a jet mill or the like to obtain a carbonized powder (see S204 in FIG. 2). Then, an activation treatment step (S108) is performed to convert the carbonized powder into a porous material. The method of activation reaction and activation treatment performed in the activation treatment step (S108) may be gas activation or chemical activation. Examples of gas activation include a method in which a reaction is performed at a high temperature of 700 to 1000° C. using a gas activator such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, air, or combustion gas. Examples of chemical activation include a method of making an aqueous solution using an activation agent such as zinc chloride or phosphoric acid, impregnating it with carbonized powder, and firing it at a temperature of 500 to 700° C. in an inert gas atmosphere. As the activation agent, an alkali metal such as potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide may be used, and according to the inventor's tests, in the case of gas activation, steam activation is used, and in the case of chemical activation, alkali activation is used. Activated carbon with a specific surface area of 800 m 2 /g or more was obtained. In order to obtain activated carbon with a specific surface area of 800 m 2 /g or more, it is necessary that the carbonized powder has high hardness and a high carbonization yield. As a result, activated carbon having a sufficient specific surface area was obtained. The activated carbon thus obtained can be used for various purposes. For example, as shown in S205 in FIG. 2, if a sheet containing activated carbon is placed between two sheets of nonwoven fabric to form a single sheet, an activated carbon sheet with an odor adsorption function can be obtained. It can be used as a building material sheet for wall materials, ceiling materials, etc. (Figure 1, S109). For example, as shown in S206 in FIG. 2, if natural pulp paper used as a filter is impregnated with water into which activated carbon has been added, it can be used as an activated carbon filter, and can be used as an air conditioner filter, etc. (S110 in FIG. 1). Furthermore, if hard activated carbon is desired depending on the purpose of the activated carbon, it can be made hard by bonding a metal to powdered activated carbon. Moreover, when activated with alkali, very excellent activated carbon with a specific surface area of 3000 m 2 /g or more could be obtained. Activated carbon with such a high specific surface area can be used for rapid charge/discharge capacitors, etc.
＜各種試験について＞
次に図７、図８を参照しながら、廃棄布製品の炭化処理試験について説明する。
図７（ａ）に示す試験に用いた衣料品の情報は、表１に列挙しているとおりであり、種々素材からなる衣料品を混載させた。試験に用いた衣料品にはボタン、チャック、首元・手首・裾に縫製されたゴム等の付属品は取り外すことなく行った。試験炉は、複数のボックスを備えた小型の図５及び図６と同様設備を備えたバッチ式の還元炉を用いた。炭化容器は１２００ｍｍ×１２５０ｍｍ×２００ｍｍからなる上方が開口した箱型のトレイを用いた。設定温度は５００～５５０℃を目標とした。温度と時間は図８に示すとおりであり、実線が燃焼室の温度、点線が加熱室の温度を示している。図８のその他の点線は、加熱室内に左右２つ、上下に仕切られて設けられる各ボックスの温度であり、前記トレイは、右ボックス上に載置し炭化処理を行った。炭化時間は、試験のため、９時間燃焼室の温度を１０００℃に保って行ったが、４時間ほどで十分に炭化されていたことが確認された。図７（ｂ）は炭化処理後の写真であり、この試験により、天然繊維からなる衣料品はそのまま形を残して炭化され、合成繊維は形を留めないものの、溶解して塊にはならず、炭化されることがわかった。この試験において、右ボックス上は空間があり、前記トレイは上方が開口しているので、熱分解時に発生するガスを廃棄布製品を構成する繊維の隙間を通じて排出するガス抜き工程がなされていることが均一で良質な炭化の要因であることがわかった。本試験における衣料品の総重量は、炭化処理前は１４キロ、炭化処理後は３．２８キロで、炭化物の収率は２３．４３％という良好な結果が得られた。 <About various tests>
Next, a carbonization treatment test for waste cloth products will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.
Information on the clothing used in the test shown in FIG. 7(a) is as listed in Table 1, and clothing made of various materials were mixed. The clothing used in the test had accessories such as buttons, zippers, and rubber sewn on the neck, wrists, and hem without removing them. The test furnace used was a small-sized batch-type reduction furnace equipped with the same equipment as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 and equipped with a plurality of boxes. As the carbonization container, a box-shaped tray with an open top and dimensions of 1200 mm x 1250 mm x 200 mm was used. The target temperature was set at 500 to 550°C. The temperature and time are as shown in FIG. 8, where the solid line indicates the temperature of the combustion chamber and the dotted line indicates the temperature of the heating chamber. The other dotted lines in FIG. 8 are the temperatures of the boxes provided in the heating chamber divided into left and right and top and bottom, and the tray was placed on the right box and subjected to carbonization. As for the carbonization time, the temperature of the combustion chamber was maintained at 1000° C. for 9 hours for the test, but it was confirmed that sufficient carbonization was achieved in about 4 hours. Figure 7(b) is a photograph after carbonization treatment. Through this test, clothing made of natural fibers was carbonized while retaining its shape, while synthetic fibers did not retain their shape but did not dissolve into lumps. , was found to be carbonized. In this test, there was a space above the right box and the tray was open at the top, so a gas venting process was performed to exhaust the gas generated during pyrolysis through the gaps between the fibers that make up the waste cloth product. It was found that this is a factor for uniform and high-quality carbonization. The total weight of the clothing in this test was 14 kg before carbonization and 3.28 kg after carbonization, and good results were obtained with a carbide yield of 23.43%.
次に図７、図８を参照しながら、廃棄布製品の炭化処理試験について説明する。
図７（ａ）に示す試験に用いた衣料品の情報は、表１に列挙しているとおりであり、種々素材からなる衣料品を混載させた。試験に用いた衣料品にはボタン、チャック、首元・手首・裾に縫製されたゴム等の付属品は取り外すことなく行った。試験炉は、複数のボックスを備えた小型の図５及び図６と同様設備を備えたバッチ式の還元炉を用いた。炭化容器は１２００ｍｍ×１２５０ｍｍ×２００ｍｍからなる上方が開口した箱型のトレイを用いた。設定温度は５００～５５０℃を目標とした。温度と時間は図８に示すとおりであり、実線が燃焼室の温度、点線が加熱室の温度を示している。図８のその他の点線は、加熱室内に左右２つ、上下に仕切られて設けられる各ボックスの温度であり、前記トレイは、右ボックス上に載置し炭化処理を行った。炭化時間は、試験のため、９時間燃焼室の温度を１０００℃に保って行ったが、４時間ほどで十分に炭化されていたことが確認された。図７（ｂ）は炭化処理後の写真であり、この試験により、天然繊維からなる衣料品はそのまま形を残して炭化され、合成繊維は形を留めないものの、溶解して塊にはならず、炭化されることがわかった。この試験において、右ボックス上は空間があり、前記トレイは上方が開口しているので、熱分解時に発生するガスを廃棄布製品を構成する繊維の隙間を通じて排出するガス抜き工程がなされていることが均一で良質な炭化の要因であることがわかった。本試験における衣料品の総重量は、炭化処理前は１４キロ、炭化処理後は３．２８キロで、炭化物の収率は２３．４３％という良好な結果が得られた。 <About various tests>
Next, a carbonization treatment test for waste cloth products will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.
Information on the clothing used in the test shown in FIG. 7(a) is as listed in Table 1, and clothing made of various materials were mixed. The clothing used in the test had accessories such as buttons, zippers, and rubber sewn on the neck, wrists, and hem without removing them. The test furnace used was a small-sized batch-type reduction furnace equipped with the same equipment as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 and equipped with a plurality of boxes. As the carbonization container, a box-shaped tray with an open top and dimensions of 1200 mm x 1250 mm x 200 mm was used. The target temperature was set at 500 to 550°C. The temperature and time are as shown in FIG. 8, where the solid line indicates the temperature of the combustion chamber and the dotted line indicates the temperature of the heating chamber. The other dotted lines in FIG. 8 are the temperatures of the boxes provided in the heating chamber divided into left and right and top and bottom, and the tray was placed on the right box and subjected to carbonization. As for the carbonization time, the temperature of the combustion chamber was maintained at 1000° C. for 9 hours for the test, but it was confirmed that sufficient carbonization was achieved in about 4 hours. Figure 7(b) is a photograph after carbonization treatment. Through this test, clothing made of natural fibers was carbonized while retaining its shape, while synthetic fibers did not retain their shape but did not dissolve into lumps. , was found to be carbonized. In this test, there was a space above the right box and the tray was open at the top, so a gas venting process was performed to exhaust the gas generated during pyrolysis through the gaps between the fibers that make up the waste cloth product. It was found that this is a factor for uniform and high-quality carbonization. The total weight of the clothing in this test was 14 kg before carbonization and 3.28 kg after carbonization, and good results were obtained with a carbide yield of 23.43%.
次に図９を参照しながら、同廃棄布製品処理方法によって得た炭化粉の賦活試験について説明する。上記発明者が行った廃棄布製品の炭化処理試験と同じ処理方法で得た炭化物をジェットミルで１０～５０μｍ以下に粉砕し炭化粉を製し、その炭化物を水蒸気賦活処理（窒素ガス）し活性炭を得た。具体的には、炭化粉をロータリーキルン炉に入れ、回転させながら窒素ガスと一緒に水を送り込む。バンドヒーターで２５０℃に加熱し２０時間賦活処理を行った。炉内では、水蒸気を発生させると炭化粉に吸熱反応が生じ、ガス化することによりその痕に微細孔が生成される。この賦活試験によれば、水蒸気賦活し、収率を50％以下にすると、表面積が約１，０００ｍ２/g以上の良質で臭い吸着性能を有する活性炭が得られた。またさらに発明者が上記条件において、炉内の加熱温度を９００℃～１０００℃に上げれば、２０時間の賦活処理時間を２時間～３時間に短縮しても、表面積が約１，０００ｍ２/g以上が得られた。
Next, with reference to FIG. 9, an activation test of carbonized powder obtained by the waste cloth product processing method will be described. Carbide obtained by the same treatment method as the carbonization test of waste cloth products conducted by the above inventor is crushed to 10 to 50 μm or less with a jet mill to produce carbonized powder, and the carbonized substance is subjected to steam activation treatment (nitrogen gas) to produce activated carbon. I got it. Specifically, carbonized powder is placed in a rotary kiln, and water is pumped in with nitrogen gas while rotating. It was heated to 250°C with a band heater and activated for 20 hours. In the furnace, when steam is generated, an endothermic reaction occurs in the carbonized powder, and as it gasifies, fine pores are generated in the traces. According to this activation test, activated carbon with a surface area of about 1,000 m 2 /g or more and good quality and odor adsorption performance was obtained by steam activation and a yield of 50% or less. Furthermore, if the inventor raises the heating temperature in the furnace to 900°C to 1000°C under the above conditions, even if the activation treatment time is shortened from 20 hours to 2 hours to 3 hours, the surface area will be approximately 1,000 m 2 / More than g was obtained.
続いて図１０を参照しながら、同廃棄布製品処理方法によって得た活性炭の成分分析結果について説明する。
図１０（ａ）は活性炭の電子顕微鏡写真であり、図１０（ｂ）及び図１０（ｃ）は活性炭の成分分析結果を表にしたものである。図１０（ａ）の電子顕微鏡写真は、走査型電子顕微鏡（ＳＥＭ)で観察できる反射電子像（ＢＳＥ）を示し、５００倍、１０００倍、３０００倍の反射電子像をそれぞれ示している。活性炭は、図９の賦活試験時と同様の方法で賦活処理を行ったものを用いた。図１０（ａ）の５００倍の反射電子像に示すスペクトル９の成分分析結果を表にしたものが図１０（ｂ）であり、図１０（ａ）の５００倍の反射電子像に示すスペクトル１０の成分分析結果を表にしたものが図１０（ｃ）である。スペクトル９の成分分析を行った結果、「Ｃ」の質量が７３．１３％、原子数濃度が８８．８１％と高い数値を示し良質な炭化物であることを示している。「Ｔｉ」「Ｃａ」「Ｆｅ」が検出された。このうち、「Ｔｉ」と「Ｆｅ」は染色による顔料に含まれていたものであると考えられる。また「Ｃａ」は動物性の天然繊維から検出されたものと考えられる。スペクトル１０の成分分析を行った結果、「ｃ」の質量が９２．９６％、原子数濃度が９６．０３％とスペクトル９よりも高い数値を示しさらに良質な炭化物であることを示している。ここでも「Ｃａ」と「Ｔｉ」が検出されたがごく微量であった。これら結果から活性炭としての利用を阻害するような物質は検出されなかった。なお、ペットボトルをリサイクルして衣服を製造する取り組みがあるが、リサイクルされた製品を再度リサイクルすると、「Ｔｉ」「Ｃａ」「Ｆｅ」等の含有量が増え、再利用できず焼却や埋め立てられるが、本実施形態の処理方法によれば、布製品がリサイクルされたものか否かに関わらず炭化することができる。 Next, with reference to FIG. 10, the results of component analysis of activated carbon obtained by the waste cloth product processing method will be described.
FIG. 10(a) is an electron micrograph of activated carbon, and FIG. 10(b) and FIG. 10(c) are tables showing the results of component analysis of activated carbon. The electron micrograph of FIG. 10(a) shows a backscattered electron image (BSE) that can be observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and shows backscattered electron images at 500 times, 1000 times, and 3000 times, respectively. The activated carbon used was activated in the same manner as in the activation test shown in FIG. FIG. 10(b) is a table showing the component analysis results of spectrum 9 shown in the backscattered electron image 500 times that of FIG. 10(a), andspectrum 10 shown in the backscattered electron image 500 times that of FIG. 10(a). FIG. 10(c) is a tabular representation of the component analysis results. As a result of component analysis of spectrum 9, the mass of "C" was 73.13% and the atomic number concentration was as high as 88.81%, indicating that it was a high quality carbide. "Ti", "Ca" and "Fe" were detected. Of these, "Ti" and "Fe" are thought to have been contained in pigments produced by dyeing. Furthermore, "Ca" is considered to have been detected from animal natural fibers. As a result of component analysis of spectrum 10, the mass of "c" was 92.96% and the atomic number concentration was 96.03%, which are higher values than spectrum 9, indicating that it is a higher quality carbide. Although "Ca" and "Ti" were detected here as well, the amounts were very small. From these results, no substances that would inhibit its use as activated carbon were detected. There are efforts to manufacture clothing by recycling PET bottles, but when recycled products are recycled again, the content of "Ti", "Ca", "Fe", etc. increases, and the products cannot be reused and are incinerated or landfilled. However, according to the treatment method of this embodiment, it is possible to carbonize the cloth product regardless of whether it is recycled or not.
図１０（ａ）は活性炭の電子顕微鏡写真であり、図１０（ｂ）及び図１０（ｃ）は活性炭の成分分析結果を表にしたものである。図１０（ａ）の電子顕微鏡写真は、走査型電子顕微鏡（ＳＥＭ)で観察できる反射電子像（ＢＳＥ）を示し、５００倍、１０００倍、３０００倍の反射電子像をそれぞれ示している。活性炭は、図９の賦活試験時と同様の方法で賦活処理を行ったものを用いた。図１０（ａ）の５００倍の反射電子像に示すスペクトル９の成分分析結果を表にしたものが図１０（ｂ）であり、図１０（ａ）の５００倍の反射電子像に示すスペクトル１０の成分分析結果を表にしたものが図１０（ｃ）である。スペクトル９の成分分析を行った結果、「Ｃ」の質量が７３．１３％、原子数濃度が８８．８１％と高い数値を示し良質な炭化物であることを示している。「Ｔｉ」「Ｃａ」「Ｆｅ」が検出された。このうち、「Ｔｉ」と「Ｆｅ」は染色による顔料に含まれていたものであると考えられる。また「Ｃａ」は動物性の天然繊維から検出されたものと考えられる。スペクトル１０の成分分析を行った結果、「ｃ」の質量が９２．９６％、原子数濃度が９６．０３％とスペクトル９よりも高い数値を示しさらに良質な炭化物であることを示している。ここでも「Ｃａ」と「Ｔｉ」が検出されたがごく微量であった。これら結果から活性炭としての利用を阻害するような物質は検出されなかった。なお、ペットボトルをリサイクルして衣服を製造する取り組みがあるが、リサイクルされた製品を再度リサイクルすると、「Ｔｉ」「Ｃａ」「Ｆｅ」等の含有量が増え、再利用できず焼却や埋め立てられるが、本実施形態の処理方法によれば、布製品がリサイクルされたものか否かに関わらず炭化することができる。 Next, with reference to FIG. 10, the results of component analysis of activated carbon obtained by the waste cloth product processing method will be described.
FIG. 10(a) is an electron micrograph of activated carbon, and FIG. 10(b) and FIG. 10(c) are tables showing the results of component analysis of activated carbon. The electron micrograph of FIG. 10(a) shows a backscattered electron image (BSE) that can be observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and shows backscattered electron images at 500 times, 1000 times, and 3000 times, respectively. The activated carbon used was activated in the same manner as in the activation test shown in FIG. FIG. 10(b) is a table showing the component analysis results of spectrum 9 shown in the backscattered electron image 500 times that of FIG. 10(a), and
＜廃棄布製品処理装置の別例＞
次に図１１を参照しながら、廃棄布製品処理装置１を構成する還元炉１０の別例について説明する。図５及び図６に示す例と共通する構成には同じ符号を付し、詳細な説明は省略する。基本的な炭化方式は同じである。図１１に示す例では、上方開口の枠体状のトレイ２５の上に網状かご２を載置し、載置部１７に設けられた回転する円筒体のローラ１７ａで矢印方向Ａに搬送する連続搬送式の還元炉１０とした例を示している。この例においても、熱分解時に廃棄布製品から発生するガスを廃棄布製品を構成する繊維の隙間を通じてガス抜きを行いながら、炭化処理できるように網状かご２を用いる点は上記の例と同様である。またこのガス抜きを促進させるため、ローラ１７ａを適宜振動させる振動手段（不図示）を備えていてもよい。 <Another example of waste cloth product processing equipment>
Next, with reference to FIG. 11, another example of thereduction furnace 10 constituting the waste cloth product processing apparatus 1 will be described. Components that are common to the examples shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed explanations will be omitted. The basic carbonization method is the same. In the example shown in FIG. 11, the mesh basket 2 is placed on a frame-shaped tray 25 with an upper opening, and is continuously conveyed in the direction of the arrow A by a rotating cylindrical roller 17a provided in the placement section 17. An example of a transport type reduction furnace 10 is shown. This example is similar to the above example in that the mesh basket 2 is used so that the gas generated from the waste fabric during pyrolysis can be carbonized while being degassed through the gaps between the fibers that make up the waste fabric. be. Further, in order to promote this degassing, a vibration means (not shown) may be provided to appropriately vibrate the roller 17a.
次に図１１を参照しながら、廃棄布製品処理装置１を構成する還元炉１０の別例について説明する。図５及び図６に示す例と共通する構成には同じ符号を付し、詳細な説明は省略する。基本的な炭化方式は同じである。図１１に示す例では、上方開口の枠体状のトレイ２５の上に網状かご２を載置し、載置部１７に設けられた回転する円筒体のローラ１７ａで矢印方向Ａに搬送する連続搬送式の還元炉１０とした例を示している。この例においても、熱分解時に廃棄布製品から発生するガスを廃棄布製品を構成する繊維の隙間を通じてガス抜きを行いながら、炭化処理できるように網状かご２を用いる点は上記の例と同様である。またこのガス抜きを促進させるため、ローラ１７ａを適宜振動させる振動手段（不図示）を備えていてもよい。 <Another example of waste cloth product processing equipment>
Next, with reference to FIG. 11, another example of the
還元炉１０は、加熱室１１内を５００℃～１０００℃の間で温度調整する温度制御部（不図示）と、網状かご２が搬送される搬送入口側（搬送口扉４０ａ側）に設けられる待機室４０と、中央に設けられ加熱室１１と、搬送出口側（搬送口扉４０ｄ側）に設けられる冷却室４１とを備え、待機室４０と加熱室１１、加熱室１１と冷却室４１とはそれぞれ隣接に設けられる。還元炉１０が、加熱室１１、燃焼室２０、二次燃焼室１９、排気筒１４の他、ガス処理装置、ボイラー等を備えている点は上述と同様である。図中、１３ａはボイラーに接続され、加熱室１１内に過熱水蒸気を供給する過熱水蒸気発生装置である。搬送入口及び搬送出口には、加熱室１１内を密閉し開閉自在に構成された搬送口扉４０ａ，４０ｄがそれぞれ設けられている。また待機室４０と加熱室１１との間、加熱室１１と冷却室４１との間にも、加熱室１１を真空状態に密閉し開閉自在に構成された密閉扉体４０ｂ，４０ｃが設けられている。このように密閉扉体４０ｂ，４０ｃに加え、搬送口扉４０ａ,４０ｄを設けることで加熱室１１の密閉状態が保ちやすく、搬送時に温度が極端に下がってしまうことを防ぐことができる。待機室４０、冷却室４１と同じ大きさに設けられているが、加熱室１１は一度に複数の網状かご２，２・・・が収容され、順次搬送されてくる網状かご２を時間差で炭化できるように長手方向に長く設けられている。ここではトレイ２５単位で搬送される例を示しているが、網状かご２をそのまま載置部１７に乗せて炭化、搬送してもよいし、複数段に積み重ねてもよい。搬送手段も図例に限定されず、ベルトコンベアでもよい。還元炉１０の全長は１０メートル～１００メートル等、特に限定されず、設定温度が異なる加熱室１１を複数設け、順次送り出す方式を採用してもよい。もちろん加熱室１１をしっかり密閉できれば、待機室４０，冷却室４１を備えていなくてもよい。また廃棄布製品を網状かご２に収容した例を示しているが、これに限定されず、段ボール箱に貫通孔を形成し通気孔を複数形成すれば、廃棄布製品が収容された段ボール箱ごとトレイ２５に乗せて炭化処理してもよい。
The reduction furnace 10 is provided with a temperature control unit (not shown) that adjusts the temperature inside the heating chamber 11 between 500° C. and 1000° C., and on the transport entrance side (transport port door 40a side) where the mesh basket 2 is transported. It is equipped with a waiting room 40, a heating chamber 11 provided in the center, and a cooling room 41 provided on the transfer exit side (transfer port door 40d side). are provided adjacent to each other. The reduction furnace 10 is the same as described above in that it includes a heating chamber 11, a combustion chamber 20, a secondary combustion chamber 19, an exhaust stack 14, as well as a gas treatment device, a boiler, and the like. In the figure, 13a is a superheated steam generator connected to the boiler and supplies superheated steam into the heating chamber 11. Transport entrance doors 40a and 40d, which seal the inside of the heating chamber 11 and are configured to be freely openable and closable, are provided at the transport entrance and the transport exit, respectively. Also, between the waiting chamber 40 and the heating chamber 11, and between the heating chamber 11 and the cooling chamber 41, sealed door bodies 40b and 40c are provided, which are configured to seal the heating chamber 11 in a vacuum state and can be opened and closed. There is. By providing the transport ports 40a and 40d in addition to the sealed doors 40b and 40c, it is easy to maintain the heating chamber 11 in a sealed state, and it is possible to prevent the temperature from dropping excessively during transport. Although it is provided in the same size as the waiting room 40 and the cooling room 41, the heating chamber 11 accommodates a plurality of mesh baskets 2, 2... at once, and carbonizes the mesh cages 2 that are sequentially transported at different times. It is long in the longitudinal direction so that it can be used. Here, an example is shown in which the trays 25 are conveyed, but the net-like baskets 2 may be placed on the placement section 17 as they are, carbonized and conveyed, or may be stacked in multiple stages. The conveying means is also not limited to the illustrated example, and may be a belt conveyor. The total length of the reduction furnace 10 is not particularly limited, such as 10 meters to 100 meters, and a method may be adopted in which a plurality of heating chambers 11 with different set temperatures are provided and the heating chambers 11 are sequentially fed out. Of course, as long as the heating chamber 11 can be tightly sealed, the standby chamber 40 and the cooling chamber 41 may not be provided. Although an example is shown in which waste cloth products are stored in the net-like basket 2, the present invention is not limited to this, and if a through hole is formed in the cardboard box and a plurality of ventilation holes are formed, each cardboard box containing the waste cloth products can be It may be placed on a tray 25 and subjected to carbonization treatment.
この還元炉１０では炭化処理が順次行われるように、所定の温度に加熱された加熱室１１内に収容可能な数の網状かご２，２・・・が搬送され、待機室４０には、次に炭化処理を行うものを待機させておく。そして加熱室１１内で順次移動し、炭化処理が完了すると、冷却室４１に搬送される。すなわち加熱室１１内においては、炭化度合いの異なるものが収容され加熱室１１内での炭化処理時間の合計が所定の時間（例えば２時間）になったときに、冷却室４１に移動し、冷却工程に移行できるよう構成されている。炭化処理が完了し、冷却室４１から搬出された後は自然冷却されればよいため、引き続き搬送されながら、冷却するようにしてもよいし、別の場所に移動させて冷却してもよい。このように順送りの搬送式とすれば、効率よく炭化処理を行うことができる。
In this reduction furnace 10, a number of mesh cages 2, 2, . The equipment that performs the carbonization process is kept on standby. Then, they are sequentially moved within the heating chamber 11, and when the carbonization process is completed, they are transported to the cooling chamber 41. That is, in the heating chamber 11, materials with different degrees of carbonization are stored, and when the total carbonization processing time in the heating chamber 11 reaches a predetermined time (for example, 2 hours), the materials are moved to the cooling chamber 41 and cooled. It is structured so that it can be moved to the process. After the carbonization process is completed and the product is removed from the cooling chamber 41, it may be naturally cooled. Therefore, the product may be cooled while being continuously transported, or may be cooled by being moved to another location. By using the progressive conveyance method as described above, carbonization treatment can be carried out efficiently.
＜第２実施形態＞
次に図１２及び図１３を参照しながら、第２実施形態に係る廃棄布製品処理方法に用いられる廃棄布製品処理装置１Ａを説明する。ここでも、第１実施形態に係る処理方法及び装置と共通する点の説明は省略し、主に異なる点を説明する。 <Second embodiment>
Next, a waste cloth product processing apparatus 1A used in the waste cloth product processing method according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 12 and 13. Here, too, descriptions of points in common with the processing method and apparatus according to the first embodiment will be omitted, and differences will be mainly described.
次に図１２及び図１３を参照しながら、第２実施形態に係る廃棄布製品処理方法に用いられる廃棄布製品処理装置１Ａを説明する。ここでも、第１実施形態に係る処理方法及び装置と共通する点の説明は省略し、主に異なる点を説明する。 <Second embodiment>
Next, a waste cloth product processing apparatus 1A used in the waste cloth product processing method according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 12 and 13. Here, too, descriptions of points in common with the processing method and apparatus according to the first embodiment will be omitted, and differences will be mainly described.
第２実施形態に示す廃棄布製品処理装置１Ａは、加熱室１１と、賦活処理を行う賦活室３０とが、一体となった還元炉１０を備え、揺動手段（不図示）によって還元炉１０を揺動させて炭化処理する揺動型の廃棄布製品処理装置１Ａである。従来、合成樹脂材を炭化する場合は、２００℃前後から一旦溶解し、その後、６００℃前後で炭化する。よって、羽根を備えたロータリー式の還元炉で炭化すると羽根に溶解した樹脂が付着するため、故障の原因となる。本実施形態の場合は、原料が廃棄布製品であり、上述のとおり、ほぼ原形を残したまま炭化することに成功したため、ロータリー式での炭化が可能ではあるが、廃棄布製品がコート等、長尺のものであると、炭化前に羽根に絡みつく可能がある。またバッチ式の場合は、量産化が難しい。そこで、図１２に示すコンクリートミキサーのような還元炉１０とすれば、炉の大型化が可能で故障の要因を低減できる。
A waste fabric product processing apparatus 1A shown in the second embodiment includes a reduction furnace 10 in which a heating chamber 11 and an activation chamber 30 that performs an activation treatment are integrated, and the reduction furnace 10 is moved by a swinging means (not shown). This is a rocking type waste cloth product processing apparatus 1A that performs carbonization treatment by rocking. Conventionally, when carbonizing a synthetic resin material, it is first melted at around 200°C and then carbonized at around 600°C. Therefore, if carbonization is performed in a rotary reduction furnace equipped with blades, the molten resin will adhere to the blades, which may cause malfunctions. In the case of this embodiment, the raw material is a waste cloth product, and as mentioned above, carbonization was successfully performed with almost the original shape remaining, so carbonization using the rotary method is possible, but the waste cloth product is coated, etc. If it is long, it may become entangled with the blade before carbonization. In addition, in the case of batch type, mass production is difficult. Therefore, by using a reducing furnace 10 such as a concrete mixer shown in FIG. 12, the furnace can be made larger and the causes of failure can be reduced.
本実施形態における還元炉１０は、加熱室１１が揺動自在に構成されており、熱分解時に廃棄布製品から発生するガスを廃棄布製品を構成する繊維の隙間を通じてガス抜きを行うガス抜き工程の効果を促進させることができる。加熱室１１内が揺動する構造となっている。還元炉１０自体が揺動する後述する送風機２３等、周辺機器の設置が可能となる。還元炉１０を適宜、揺動手段で揺動する。このとき、還元炉１０自体が揺動するのではなく、図１２（ａ）に示すように揺動角は特に限定されないが、１２０°～１５０°程度で緩やかに還元炉１０を揺動させると、振り子のように左右に万遍なく揺れるため、廃棄布製品の偏りを防ぎ、ガス抜きを促進させることができ、ムラなく均一な炭化を行うことができる。またガス抜き工程を促進させる手段としては、加熱室１１の底面を適宜振動させる振動手段（不図示）を揺動手段に替えて備えていてもよいし、両方備えていてもよい。
The reduction furnace 10 in this embodiment has a heating chamber 11 that is swingable, and has a degassing step in which gas generated from the waste cloth product during pyrolysis is degassed through gaps between the fibers constituting the waste cloth product. can promote the effects of The inside of the heating chamber 11 is structured to swing. It is possible to install peripheral equipment such as a blower 23, which will be described later, in which the reduction furnace 10 itself swings. The reduction furnace 10 is appropriately rocked by a rocking means. At this time, instead of the reduction furnace 10 itself being oscillated, the oscillation angle is not particularly limited, as shown in FIG. Since it swings evenly from side to side like a pendulum, it is possible to prevent unevenness of waste cloth products, promote degassing, and perform carbonization evenly and uniformly. Further, as a means for promoting the degassing process, a vibrating means (not shown) for appropriately vibrating the bottom surface of the heating chamber 11 may be provided instead of the rocking means, or both may be provided.
還元炉１０は、加熱室１１内を５００℃～１０００℃の間で温度調整する温度制御部（不図示）と、活性炭生成の原料となる廃棄布製品が投入される投入口４０ｅと、燃焼室２０と、加熱室１１と、賦活室３０と、送風機２３と、エアチャンバー２２と、炭化及び賦活処理された活性炭を取り出す取出口４０ｆとを備えている。この他、第１実施形態で示す二次燃焼室や熱分解時に廃棄布製品を構成する繊維の隙間を通じて排出されるガスを二次燃焼室へ誘導するガス流通部を備えていてもよい。また、熱分解により廃棄布製品から発生する乾留ガスを熱エネルギーとして利用するため、電気変換器等を備えてもよい。燃焼室２０は、加熱室１１内を所定温度に加熱する。加熱室１１は投入された廃棄布製品を熱分解し炭化する。加熱室１１の底部側には、電気加熱式の複数のエアチャンバー２２が設けられており、これにより、廃棄布製品を直接加熱し、熱分解を促進させることができる。送風機２３は、還元炉１０の上方に設置され、加熱室１１及び賦活室３０内の温度を均一にするために風を送るように構成されている。炭化工程（Ｓ１０１）において、熱分解が始まると炭化物は自己発熱するため、補助燃料が不要であるため、使用燃料は二次燃焼室を備えている場合のヒートアップのための燃料があればよく、大型炉であっても、ランニングコストを低減することができる。自己発熱量が足りない場合は、プラスチック材や木片等、廃棄物を投入してもよい。賦活室３０は加熱室１１で炭化された炭化物を賦活処理する。加熱室１１及び賦活室３０の底部側は、取出口４０ｆへ向けて炭化物もしくは活性炭が自重により次第に移動する傾斜面（不図示）を備えている。これにより、炭化物もしくは活性炭の自重を利用して取出口４０ｆから排出するように構成できる。
The reduction furnace 10 includes a temperature control unit (not shown) that adjusts the temperature inside the heating chamber 11 between 500°C and 1000°C, an input port 40e into which waste cloth products that will be the raw material for activated carbon generation are input, and a combustion chamber. 20, a heating chamber 11, an activation chamber 30, a blower 23, an air chamber 22, and an outlet 40f for taking out activated carbon that has been carbonized and activated. In addition, a gas flow section may be provided that guides the gas discharged through the secondary combustion chamber shown in the first embodiment and the gaps between the fibers constituting the waste cloth product during thermal decomposition to the secondary combustion chamber. Furthermore, an electric converter or the like may be provided in order to utilize carbonized gas generated from waste cloth products through pyrolysis as thermal energy. The combustion chamber 20 heats the inside of the heating chamber 11 to a predetermined temperature. The heating chamber 11 thermally decomposes and carbonizes the input waste cloth products. A plurality of electrically heated air chambers 22 are provided at the bottom side of the heating chamber 11, so that the waste cloth product can be directly heated to promote thermal decomposition. The blower 23 is installed above the reduction furnace 10 and is configured to send air to make the temperatures in the heating chamber 11 and the activation chamber 30 uniform. In the carbonization step (S101), when thermal decomposition begins, the carbide generates heat by itself, so auxiliary fuel is not required, so the fuel used only needs to be fuel for heating up when a secondary combustion chamber is provided. , running costs can be reduced even for large furnaces. If the self-heating amount is insufficient, waste materials such as plastic materials and wood chips may be used. The activation chamber 30 activates the carbide carbonized in the heating chamber 11. The bottom sides of the heating chamber 11 and the activation chamber 30 are provided with inclined surfaces (not shown) on which the carbide or activated carbon gradually moves due to its own weight toward the outlet 40f. Thereby, the carbonized material or activated carbon can be configured to be discharged from the outlet 40f by utilizing its own weight.
なお、また炭化物も活性炭も炭化処理、賦活処理により質量が減るため、補助的に適宜取出口４０ｆへ案内するための押出手段や送風手段等があってもよい。またここでは炭化処理及び賦活処理を行える還元炉１０を説明したが、賦活室３０を備えていない構造であってもよい。その場合は、取出口４０ｆからは加熱室１１で炭化処理された炭化物が排出される。また還元炉１０での加熱処理は、熱分解処理であるため二酸化炭素の発生が抑制されるが、熱分解処理により発生した二酸化炭素は、水素や窒素と反応させてメタンガス、メタノール等を生成するようにしてもよいことは第１実施形態と同様である。これにより、二酸化炭素の排出を大幅に低減化することができる。
Furthermore, since the mass of both carbide and activated carbon is reduced by carbonization treatment and activation treatment, an extrusion means, a blowing means, etc. may be provided to appropriately guide them to the outlet 40f as an auxiliary device. Further, although the reduction furnace 10 that can perform carbonization processing and activation processing has been described here, a structure that does not include the activation chamber 30 may be used. In that case, the carbide that has been carbonized in the heating chamber 11 is discharged from the outlet 40f. Furthermore, since the heat treatment in the reduction furnace 10 is a thermal decomposition process, the generation of carbon dioxide is suppressed, but the carbon dioxide generated by the thermal decomposition process is reacted with hydrogen and nitrogen to produce methane gas, methanol, etc. Similar to the first embodiment, this may be done in the same manner as in the first embodiment. This makes it possible to significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
取出口４０ｆから排出された炭化物（もしくは活性炭）は、図１２（ａ）に示すベルトコンベア装置５０によって順次搬送されるが、取出口４０ｆとベルトコンベア装置５０との間に図１３（ｂ）に示すような振動式の篩機６０を設けてもよい。篩機６０の構成は特に限定されないが、図例のものは、上方開口の箱型からなる本体６３と、炭化物（もしくは活性炭）の粒度に合わせて設けられた金網６１と、本体６３を横方向に振動させ金網６１上に落下した炭化物（もしくは活性炭）を篩にかける振動手段６２とを備えている。本実施形態に係る処理方法を実行する廃棄布製品に、装飾部分やボタンの材質に金属材が多く含まれる場合、図１３（ａ）の実際の写真に示すように炭化しきれないものが多数でることがある。そのような廃棄布製品を多く炭化する際には、オプションとして篩機６０を設置し、篩機６０に設けられた金網６１を通過した炭化物（もしくは活性炭）を再利用品として納品するようにし、金網６１を通過しなかったものは回収するように選り分けを行ってもよい。以上の構成とすることで、より炭化純度が高い高品質な炭化物もしくは活性炭を得ることができる。
The carbide (or activated carbon) discharged from the outlet 40f is sequentially conveyed by the belt conveyor device 50 shown in FIG. 12(a). A vibrating sieve 60 as shown may be provided. Although the configuration of the sieve 60 is not particularly limited, the illustrated one includes a box-shaped main body 63 with an upward opening, a wire mesh 61 provided according to the grain size of the carbide (or activated carbon), and a sieve 63 that is oriented horizontally. A vibrating means 62 is provided to sieve the carbide (or activated carbon) that has fallen onto the wire mesh 61 by vibrating it. When the waste cloth products subjected to the treatment method according to the present embodiment contain a large amount of metal in the materials of decorative parts and buttons, many of them cannot be carbonized, as shown in the actual photograph in FIG. 13(a). Sometimes it happens. When carbonizing a large amount of such waste cloth products, a sieving machine 60 is installed as an option, and the carbonized material (or activated carbon) that has passed through the wire mesh 61 provided on the sieving machine 60 is delivered as a recycled product. Sorting may be performed such that those that have not passed through the wire mesh 61 are collected. With the above configuration, high quality carbide or activated carbon with higher carbonization purity can be obtained.
以上、図を参照しながら、説明した実施形態に係る廃棄布製品処理方法及び廃棄布製品処理装置の構成や態様は、図例に限定されるものではない。また還元炉１０の構成についても、過熱水蒸気炉の他、電気炉やガス炉であってもよく、さらにマイクロ波を用いる方式のものであってもよい。
As mentioned above, while referring to the figures, the configurations and aspects of the waste cloth product processing method and waste cloth product processing apparatus according to the embodiments described are not limited to the illustrated examples. Further, regarding the structure of the reduction furnace 10, in addition to a superheated steam furnace, it may be an electric furnace or a gas furnace, and it may also be of a type using microwaves.
１ 廃棄物布製品処理装置
２ 網状かご
２ａ 通気部
１０ 還元炉
１１ 加熱室
１９ 二次燃焼室
１９ａ ガス流通部
２０ 燃焼室
４０ｅ 投入口
４０ｆ 取出口 1 Wastefabric processing device 2 Mesh basket 2a Venting section 10 Reduction furnace 11 Heating chamber 19 Secondary combustion chamber 19a Gas distribution section 20 Combustion chamber 40e Inlet 40f Outlet
２ 網状かご
２ａ 通気部
１０ 還元炉
１１ 加熱室
１９ 二次燃焼室
１９ａ ガス流通部
２０ 燃焼室
４０ｅ 投入口
４０ｆ 取出口 1 Waste
Claims (9)
- 金属製やプラスチック製のボタン、チャック、ゴム、商品タグ、包装袋等の付属品が付いたままで且つ、合成繊維、天然繊維等性状の異なる複数の前記廃棄布製品を還元炉の加熱室に投入する廃棄布製品投入工程と、
５００℃～１０００℃の間で温度調整される前記加熱室において、熱分解時に発生するガスを前記廃棄布製品を構成する繊維の隙間を通じて排出するガス抜き工程を行いながら、炭化処理して炭化物を得る炭化工程と、を備えることを特徴とする廃棄布製品処理方法。 A plurality of waste cloth products with different properties such as synthetic fibers and natural fibers, with accessories such as metal or plastic buttons, zippers, rubber, product tags, and packaging bags still attached, are fed into the heating chamber of a reduction furnace. A process of inputting waste cloth products,
In the heating chamber whose temperature is adjusted between 500°C and 1000°C, a degassing process is performed in which the gas generated during pyrolysis is discharged through the gaps between the fibers constituting the waste cloth product, and carbonization is performed to remove charred substances. A method for treating waste cloth products, comprising: a carbonization step to obtain carbonization. - 請求項１において、
前記廃棄布製品は、衣料品であり、
前記廃棄布製品投入工程では、前記衣服を断裁することなく前記還元炉に投入し、前記炭化工程は、バッチ式で行われることを特徴とする廃棄布製品処理方法。 In claim 1,
The waste cloth product is clothing,
A method for processing waste cloth products, characterized in that in the step of charging the waste cloth products, the clothes are charged into the reduction furnace without being cut, and the carbonization step is performed in a batch manner. - 請求項１または請求項２において、
前記ガス抜き工程では、前記還元炉を揺動もしくは振動させてガス抜きを行うことを特徴とする廃棄布製品処理方法。 In claim 1 or claim 2,
A waste fabric product processing method, characterized in that in the degassing step, degassing is performed by shaking or vibrating the reduction furnace. - 請求項１～請求項３のいずれか１項において、
前記廃棄布製品投入工程において、前記還元炉に投入される複数の前記廃棄布製品のうち、２割以上を毛、綿、絹、麻、レーヨン等の天然繊維を含んで構成された製品とすることを特徴とする廃棄布製品処理方法。 In any one of claims 1 to 3,
In the step of inputting waste cloth products, 20% or more of the plurality of waste cloth products input into the reduction furnace are products containing natural fibers such as wool, cotton, silk, linen, rayon, etc. A method for disposing of waste cloth products. - 請求項１～請求項４のいずれか１項において、
前記炭化処理された炭化物を所定の粒度に粉砕する粉砕工程と、
前記粉砕工程において、前記炭化物を１０～５０μｍに粉砕して得た炭化粉に、糖類を含むバインダーを混合するバインダー混合工程と、
前記混合工程において、混合された混合物を圧縮して成形し固形燃料炭を得る圧縮工程とを備える廃棄布製品処理方法。 In any one of claims 1 to 4,
a pulverizing step of pulverizing the carbonized carbide to a predetermined particle size;
In the grinding step, a binder mixing step of mixing a binder containing sugars into the carbonized powder obtained by grinding the carbide to 10 to 50 μm;
A method for treating waste fabric products, comprising: in the mixing step, compressing and shaping the mixed mixture to obtain solid fuel charcoal. - 請求項１～請求項４のいずれか１項において、
前記炭化処理された炭化物を所定の粒度に粉砕する粉砕工程と、
前記粉砕工程において、前記炭化物を１０～５０μｍ以下に粉砕して得た炭化粉を賦活処理し活性炭を得る賦活工程を備える廃棄布製品処理方法。 In any one of claims 1 to 4,
a pulverizing step of pulverizing the carbonized carbide to a predetermined particle size;
A waste fabric product processing method comprising, in the pulverizing step, an activation step of activating carbonized powder obtained by pulverizing the carbide to a size of 10 to 50 μm or less to obtain activated carbon. - 金属製やプラスチック製のボタン、チャック、ゴム、商品タグ等の付属品が付いたままで且つ、合成繊維、天然繊維等性状の異なる複数の前記廃棄布製品が投入される投入口と、
無酸素もしくは低酸素状態で前記廃棄布製品を炭化する還元炉と、前記還元炉の加熱室内を加熱する燃焼室と、前記加熱室内を５００℃～１０００℃の間で温度調整する温度制御部と、熱分解時に前記廃棄布製品を構成する繊維の隙間を通じて排出されるガスを二次燃焼室へ誘導するガス流通部とを備えることを特徴とする廃棄布製品処理装置。 an input port into which a plurality of waste cloth products with different properties such as synthetic fibers and natural fibers are input with accessories such as metal or plastic buttons, zippers, rubber, and product tags still attached;
A reduction furnace that carbonizes the waste fabric product in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen condition, a combustion chamber that heats the inside of the heating chamber of the reduction furnace, and a temperature control unit that adjusts the temperature inside the heating chamber between 500° C. and 1000° C. A waste cloth product processing apparatus comprising: a gas flow section that guides gas discharged through gaps between fibers constituting the waste cloth product to a secondary combustion chamber during pyrolysis. - 請求項７において、
前記還元炉は、前記炭化処理された炭化物もしくは賦活処理された活性炭を取り出す取出口を備え、
前記加熱室は、揺動自在に構成されるとともに、前記取出口へ向けて前記炭化物が自重により次第に移動する傾斜面を備えていることを特徴とする廃棄布製品処理装置。 In claim 7,
The reduction furnace includes an outlet for taking out the carbonized carbide or the activated activated carbon,
The waste cloth product processing apparatus is characterized in that the heating chamber is configured to be swingable and includes an inclined surface on which the carbide gradually moves toward the outlet due to its own weight. - 請求項７において、
前記ガスが抜ける隙間を有して前記複数の布廃棄製品が混載され、前記ガスが通気する通気部を備えた金属製の網状かごを備え、
前記加熱室は、段積みされた複数の前記網状かごが収容される空間を有していることを特徴とする廃棄布製品処理装置。
In claim 7,
A metal net-like basket having a gap through which the gas escapes, in which the plurality of waste cloth products are mixedly loaded, and a ventilation section through which the gas vents;
The waste cloth product processing apparatus is characterized in that the heating chamber has a space in which the plurality of stacked mesh baskets are accommodated.
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