CN111019675A - Household garbage treatment system and method - Google Patents
Household garbage treatment system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111019675A CN111019675A CN201911259720.9A CN201911259720A CN111019675A CN 111019675 A CN111019675 A CN 111019675A CN 201911259720 A CN201911259720 A CN 201911259720A CN 111019675 A CN111019675 A CN 111019675A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
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Abstract
The invention discloses a household garbage treatment system and a household garbage treatment method. Wherein, domestic waste processing system includes: the device comprises a feeding machine, a bag breaking machine, a rotary screen, a vibrating screen, a crushing and sorting machine, a drying device, a carbonization device, a shear type shredder, a pyrolysis device, a cooling device and a combustion device. The system can efficiently separate the organic garbage and the combustible garbage in the household garbage, thereby achieving the purpose of 'dry-wet separation' of the household garbage; further drying and carbonizing the organic garbage to generate pyrolysis gas and biochar; the combustible garbage is further pyrolyzed to produce pyrolysis oil gas and pyrolysis carbon. The pyrolysis gas is combusted through the combustion system to generate hot air for heating the drying device, the carbonization device and the pyrolysis device, and no additional supplementary heat source is needed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste treatment, in particular to a household garbage treatment system and method.
Background
In recent years, with the enhancement of people's awareness of environmental protection and the successive emergence of increasingly strict national environmental regulations and policies, "reduction, recycling and harmless" of household garbage treatment and disposal has become a basic principle to be followed for solid waste treatment. For large and medium-sized cities, the main modes of domestic garbage treatment are centralized collection, centralized transportation and centralized treatment, and the adopted treatment modes mainly comprise sanitary landfill, incineration, composting, pyrolysis and the like. Although the technology of landfill is simple and mature, the construction and operation cost is low, the treatment capacity is large, but a large amount of land is occupied, the site selection consideration factor is very complex, the resource level is low, and the landfill leachate and methane treatment is difficult to some extent; the waste incineration is a process of carrying out high-temperature decomposition and deep oxidation on solid waste, has the advantages of volume reduction, large decrement, capability of recovering heat energy and the like, but has serious secondary pollution in incineration, particularly causes harm to the environment and human health due to dioxin in incineration smoke, and some incineration treatment projects have to stop construction because of strong objection of people; the garbage compost treatment is mainly applied to rural garbage, straw waste and vast middle and small cities with high organic matter content in China. Although the composting technology can effectively reduce volume and weight and achieve the effect of resource utilization, the compost has many problems due to the self limitation, such as poor raw material adaptability, serious heavy metal pollution problem, poor compost product sales and the like.
The household garbage is derived from daily living of family life, food residues of diet, various devices, packaging bags and packaging paper of articles, waste paper and textiles in large batches, waste metal and the like, the garbage components are complex and are mostly mixed garbage, and the generation amount of the household garbage is about 0.8-1 kg/person.d. At present, the domestic garbage treatment is mainly performed by sanitary landfill and is assisted by modes of garbage incineration, composting and the like. Among them, the incineration of garbage is mostly applied to economically developed areas in the south, while most areas in the north adopt landfill disposal. The garbage disposal method which only adopts a single disposal mode to dispose the garbage or combines the landfill and the incineration can not effectively carry out the complete harmless and quantitative reduction treatment aiming at the characteristics of the garbage, or has low recycling level, or can not achieve good disposal effect when the secondary pollution is serious. Therefore, aiming at the characteristics of domestic garbage in China, a novel domestic garbage treatment method is adopted to achieve the purposes of fully recycling, reducing and harmlessly treating all components in the garbage.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. To this end, it is an object of the present invention to provide a household garbage disposal system and method. The technical scheme of the invention can efficiently separate the organic garbage and the combustible garbage in the household garbage, thereby achieving the purpose of 'dry-wet separation' of the household garbage; further drying and carbonizing the organic garbage to generate pyrolysis gas and biochar; the combustible garbage is further pyrolyzed to produce pyrolysis oil gas and pyrolysis carbon. The pyrolysis gas is combusted through the combustion system to generate hot air for heating the drying device, the carbonization device and the pyrolysis device, and no additional supplementary heat source is needed.
In one aspect of the invention, a household garbage disposal system is provided. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the household garbage disposal system includes:
a feeder;
a bag breaker disposed above the feeder;
the rotary screen is provided with a first garbage inlet, a first combustible garbage outlet and a first separated garbage outlet, and the first garbage inlet is connected with the feeding machine;
the vibrating screen is provided with a second garbage inlet, a second combustible garbage outlet and a second sorted garbage outlet, and the second garbage inlet is connected with the second sorted garbage outlet;
the crushing and sorting machine is provided with a third garbage inlet, a third combustible garbage outlet and a third sorted garbage outlet, and the third garbage inlet is connected with the third sorted garbage outlet;
the drying device is provided with a garbage inlet to be dried, a first heat medium inlet, a tail gas outlet and a dried garbage outlet, and the garbage inlet to be dried is connected with the garbage outlet after the third separation;
the carbonization device is provided with a dry garbage inlet, a second heat medium outlet, a first pyrolysis gas outlet and a biochar outlet, the dry garbage inlet is connected with the dry garbage outlet, and the second heat medium outlet is connected with the first heat medium inlet;
the shearing type shredder is provided with a combustible garbage inlet and a shredded garbage outlet, and the combustible garbage inlet is connected with the first combustible garbage outlet, the second combustible garbage outlet and the third combustible garbage outlet;
the pyrolysis device is provided with a shredded garbage inlet, a third heat medium outlet, a pyrolysis oil gas outlet and a pyrolysis carbon outlet, the shredded garbage inlet is connected with the shredded garbage outlet, and the third heat medium outlet is connected with the first heat medium inlet;
the cooling device is provided with a pyrolysis oil gas inlet, a second pyrolysis gas outlet and a pyrolysis oil outlet, and the pyrolysis oil gas inlet is connected with the pyrolysis oil gas outlet;
the combustion device is provided with a fourth heat medium inlet and a fourth heat medium outlet, the fourth heat medium inlet is connected with the first pyrolysis gas outlet and the second pyrolysis gas outlet, and the fourth heat medium outlet is connected with the second heat medium inlet and the third heat medium inlet.
According to the household garbage treatment system provided by the embodiment of the invention, firstly, household garbage to be treated is supplied to the rotary screen by the feeding machine for first sorting treatment, and in the conveying process of the feeding machine, the bag breaking machine arranged above the feeding machine is used for breaking bags of the household garbage to be treated. The drum screen has the function of sorting to obtain large combustible garbage, and the large combustible garbage (namely the first combustible garbage) can be separated from the screen by performing first sorting treatment on the household garbage to be treated by using the drum screen; further, undersize (namely, the first sorted garbage and mainly organic garbage) obtained by the separation of the drum screen enters a vibrating screen for secondary sorting treatment, the vibrating screen has the function of sorting combustible garbage, the combustible garbage (namely, the second combustible garbage) is obtained by sorting from the screen, the undersize (namely, the second sorted garbage and mainly organic garbage) enters a crushing and sorting machine for tertiary sorting treatment, the crushing and sorting machine can further separate light combustible garbage (namely, third combustible garbage) through high-speed centrifugal sorting, and the rest part of garbage can be pulped in the crushing and sorting machine to obtain the third sorted garbage (mainly organic garbage). And drying the garbage after the third separation by using a drying device, and then, carbonizing the garbage in a carbonizing device to obtain a first pyrolysis gas and a biochar product. On the other hand, the combustible garbage obtained by separation of the drum screen, the vibrating screen and the crushing and sorting machine is jointly sent to the shear type shredder for shredding and then sent to the pyrolysis device for pyrolysis treatment to obtain pyrolysis oil gas, and the pyrolysis is cooled into a second pyrolysis gas and a pyrolysis oil product by the cooling device. And subsequently, combusting the first pyrolysis gas and the second pyrolysis gas by utilizing a combustion device to obtain a high-temperature medium (hot air), wherein the high-temperature medium can be used as a heat source of the drying device, the carbonizing device and the pyrolysis device. Therefore, the household garbage treatment system can efficiently separate organic garbage and combustible garbage in the household garbage, and achieves the purpose of 'dry-wet separation' of the household garbage; further drying and carbonizing the organic garbage to generate pyrolysis gas and biochar; the combustible garbage is further pyrolyzed to produce pyrolysis oil gas and pyrolysis carbon. The pyrolysis gas is combusted through the combustion system to generate hot air for heating the drying device, the carbonization device and the pyrolysis device, and no additional supplementary heat source is needed.
In addition, the household garbage disposal system according to the above embodiment of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:
in some embodiments of the invention, the second waste inlet is connected with the first sorted waste outlet through a first conveying device, and a first magnetic separator is arranged above the first conveying device.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the combustible waste inlet is connected to the first combustible waste outlet, the second combustible waste outlet, and the third combustible waste outlet through a second conveying device, and a second magnetic separator is disposed above the second conveying device.
In some embodiments of the invention, the drum screen is provided with screen holes with the aperture of 90-120 mm;
in some embodiments of the invention, the vibrating screen is provided with screen holes with the aperture of 40-70 mm.
In some embodiments of the invention, the crushing separator is a vertical centrifugal separator, and sieve holes with the diameter of 10-20 mm are arranged in the crushing separator.
In some embodiments of the invention, the household waste disposal system further comprises: and the tail gas treatment device is connected with the tail gas outlet.
In another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a domestic garbage disposal method implemented by using the domestic garbage disposal system of the above embodiment. According to the embodiment of the invention, the household garbage treatment method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of (1) breaking a bag of household garbage to be treated, supplying the household garbage to a drum screen for first separation treatment to obtain first combustible garbage and first separated garbage;
feeding the first sorted garbage into a vibrating screen for second sorting treatment to obtain second combustible garbage and second sorted garbage;
feeding the second sorted garbage into a crushing and sorting machine for third sorting treatment to obtain third combustible garbage and third sorted garbage;
feeding the third sorted garbage into a drying device for drying treatment to obtain dry garbage and tail gas;
feeding the dry garbage into a carbonization device for carbonization treatment to obtain biochar and first pyrolysis gas;
feeding the first combustible garbage, the second combustible garbage and the third combustible garbage into a shear type shredder for shearing and shredding to obtain shredded garbage;
feeding the shredded garbage into a pyrolysis device for pyrolysis treatment to obtain pyrolysis oil gas and pyrolysis carbon;
supplying the pyrolysis oil gas into a cooling device for cooling treatment to obtain pyrolysis oil and second pyrolysis gas;
and supplying the first pyrolysis gas and the second pyrolysis gas to a combustion device for combustion to obtain a high-temperature medium, and using the high-temperature medium for the carbonization treatment, the pyrolysis treatment and the drying treatment.
According to the household garbage treatment method provided by the embodiment of the invention, firstly, the household garbage to be treated is supplied to the rotary screen by the feeding machine for first sorting treatment, and in the conveying process of the feeding machine, the bag breaking machine arranged above the feeding machine is used for breaking the bags of the household garbage to be treated. The drum screen has the function of sorting to obtain large combustible garbage, and the large combustible garbage (namely the first combustible garbage) can be separated from the screen by performing first sorting treatment on the household garbage to be treated by using the drum screen; further, undersize (namely, the first sorted garbage and mainly organic garbage) obtained by the separation of the drum screen enters a vibrating screen for secondary sorting treatment, the vibrating screen has the function of sorting combustible garbage, the combustible garbage (namely, the second combustible garbage) is obtained by sorting from the screen, the undersize (namely, the second sorted garbage and mainly organic garbage) enters a crushing and sorting machine for tertiary sorting treatment, the crushing and sorting machine can further separate light combustible garbage (namely, third combustible garbage) through high-speed centrifugal sorting, and the rest part of garbage can be pulped in the crushing and sorting machine to obtain the third sorted garbage (mainly organic garbage). And drying the garbage after the third separation by using a drying device, and then, carbonizing the garbage in a carbonizing device to obtain a first pyrolysis gas and a biochar product. On the other hand, the combustible garbage obtained by separation of the drum screen, the vibrating screen and the crushing and sorting machine is jointly sent to the shear type shredder for shredding and then sent to the pyrolysis device for pyrolysis treatment to obtain pyrolysis oil gas, and the pyrolysis is cooled into a second pyrolysis gas and a pyrolysis oil product by the cooling device. And subsequently, combusting the first pyrolysis gas and the second pyrolysis gas by utilizing a combustion device to obtain a high-temperature medium (hot air), wherein the high-temperature medium can be used as a heat source for the drying treatment, the carbonization treatment and the pyrolysis treatment. Therefore, the household garbage treatment method can efficiently separate the organic garbage and the combustible garbage in the household garbage, and achieves the purpose of 'dry-wet separation' of the household garbage; further drying and carbonizing the organic garbage to generate pyrolysis gas and biochar; the combustible garbage is further pyrolyzed to produce pyrolysis oil gas and pyrolysis carbon. The pyrolysis gas is combusted through the combustion system to generate hot air for heating the drying device, the carbonization device and the pyrolysis device, and no additional supplementary heat source is needed.
In addition, the household garbage disposal method according to the above embodiment of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:
in some embodiments of the present invention, the domestic waste treatment process further comprises: magnetically separating the second sorted refuse in the process of supplying the second sorted refuse to the crushing and sorting machine.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the domestic waste treatment process further comprises: and in the process of supplying the first combustible garbage, the second combustible garbage and the third combustible garbage to a shear type shredder, carrying out magnetic separation on the first combustible garbage, the second combustible garbage and the third combustible garbage.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the temperature used for the drying process is 200 to 300 ℃.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the temperature used for the carbonization treatment is 500 to 600 ℃.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the pyrolysis treatment is performed at a temperature of 450 to 500 ℃.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the domestic waste treatment process further comprises: and supplying the tail gas into a tail gas treatment device for treatment.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a household waste disposal system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a household garbage disposal system according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicit to a number of indicated technical features. Thus, features defined as "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In one aspect of the invention, a household garbage disposal system is provided. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the household garbage disposal system includes: feeder 100, bag breaker 200, trommel 300, shale shaker 400, crushing sorter 500, drying device 600, carbonization device 700, shear type shredder 800, pyrolysis device 900, cooling device 1000, burner 1100. Wherein the bag breaker 200 is arranged above the feeder 100; the rotary screen 300 is connected with the feeding machine 100, the rotary screen 300 is provided with a first garbage inlet, a first combustible garbage outlet and a first separated garbage outlet, and the first garbage inlet is connected with the feeding machine 100; the vibrating screen 400 is connected with the drum screen 300, the vibrating screen 400 is provided with a second garbage inlet, a second combustible garbage outlet and a second sorted garbage outlet, and the second garbage inlet is connected with the second sorted garbage outlet; the crushing and sorting machine 500 is connected with the vibrating screen 400, the crushing and sorting machine 500 is provided with a third garbage inlet, a third combustible garbage outlet and a third sorted garbage outlet, and the third garbage inlet is connected with the third sorted garbage outlet; the drying device 600 is connected with the crushing and sorting machine 500, the drying device 600 is provided with a garbage inlet to be dried, a first heat medium inlet, a tail gas outlet and a dried garbage outlet, and the garbage inlet to be dried is connected with a garbage outlet after the third sorting; the carbonization device 700 is connected with the drying device 600, the carbonization device 700 is provided with a dry garbage inlet, a second heat medium outlet, a first pyrolysis gas outlet and a biochar outlet, the dry garbage inlet is connected with the dry garbage outlet, and the second heat medium outlet is connected with the first heat medium inlet; the shear type shredder 800 is connected with the rotary screen 300, the vibrating screen 400 and the crushing and sorting 500, the shear type shredder 800 is provided with a combustible garbage inlet and a shredded garbage outlet, and the combustible garbage inlet is connected with the first combustible garbage outlet, the second combustible garbage outlet and the third combustible garbage outlet; the pyrolysis device 900 is connected with the shear type shredder 800, the drying device 600 and the carbonization device 700, the pyrolysis device 900 is provided with a shredded garbage inlet, a third heat medium outlet, a pyrolysis oil gas outlet and a pyrolysis carbon outlet, the shredded garbage inlet is connected with the shredded garbage outlet, and the third heat medium outlet is connected with the first heat medium inlet; the cooling device 1000 is connected with the pyrolysis device 900, the cooling device 1000 is provided with a pyrolysis oil gas inlet, a second pyrolysis gas outlet and a pyrolysis oil outlet, and the pyrolysis oil gas inlet is connected with the pyrolysis oil gas outlet; the combustion device 1100 is connected to the cooling device 1000, the carbonization device 700, and the pyrolysis device 900, the combustion device 1100 has a fourth heat medium inlet and a fourth heat medium outlet, the fourth heat medium inlet is connected to the first pyrolysis gas outlet and the second pyrolysis gas outlet, and the fourth heat medium outlet is connected to the second heat medium inlet and the third heat medium inlet.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the feeding machine can be a plate feeding machine which is common in the field, the processing capacity of the feeding machine can be 5-30 t/h, the garbage to be processed can be uniformly fed, and a bag breaking machine (blade type bag breaking device) is arranged above the feeding path of the feeding machine and has the functions of cutting garbage plastic bags and the like.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the rotary screen 300 is connected with the feeding machine 100, and can sort out large combustible garbage (namely first combustible garbage) in the household garbage to be treated. Sieve pores with the aperture of 90-120 mm are arranged in the drum sieve, and the preferred diameter is 100 mm; the vibrating screen is provided with screen holes with the aperture of 40-70 mm, preferably 60 mm. Therefore, the efficiency of separating the organic garbage and the combustible garbage by the rotary screen and the vibrating screen can be further improved.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the vibrating screen 400 is connected to the drum screen 300, and can further separate combustible waste (i.e., second combustible waste) from undersize (i.e., first sorted waste, mainly organic waste) separated by the drum screen. A second garbage inlet of the vibrating screen is connected with a first sorted garbage outlet of the rotary screen through a first conveying device, and a first magnetic separator is arranged above the first conveying device. Specifically, referring to fig. 2, a first conveying device 10 and a first magnetic separator 11 are disposed between the vibrating screen 400 and the drum screen 300. Therefore, in the process that the trommel screen 300 sends the undersize products (i.e., the first sorted garbage) obtained by separation to the vibrating screen 400, the first magnetic separator 11 can be used for separating iron products in the first sorted garbage.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the crushing separator 500 is connected to the vibrating screen 400, and can further separate light combustible garbage (i.e., third combustible garbage) from the undersize (i.e., second sorted garbage, mainly organic garbage) separated by the vibrating screen. The crushing separator 500 may be a vertical centrifugal separator commonly used in the art, and a sieve mesh having a pore diameter of 10 to 20mm is provided therein. Therefore, the efficiency of the crushing and sorting machine for separating the organic garbage and the combustible garbage can be further improved.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the drying device 600 is connected to the crushing and sorting machine 500, and can dry the third sorted waste (mainly organic waste). According to a specific example of the present invention, the drying device 600 has a drum structure, the drum can rotate, and the inside has a spiral structure. The drying device can dry the third sorted garbage in a hot air direct heating mode, and the temperature in the drying device can be 200-300 ℃. The moisture content of the treated and dried garbage can be reduced to about 20%, such as 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22% and the like.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the carbonization device 700 is connected with the drying device 600, and can perform carbonization treatment on the dried garbage to obtain the first pyrolysis gas of the biochar. According to a specific example of the present invention, the carbonizing apparatus 700 has a drum structure, and the drum structure is rotatable and has a spiral structure inside. The carbonization device can perform carbonization treatment on the dry garbage through a hot air indirect heating mode, and the temperature in the carbonization device can be 500-600 ℃.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the shear type shredder 800 is connected to the drum screen 300, the vibrating screen 400 and the crushing and sorting machine 500, and can shred the combustible garbage separated by the drum screen, the vibrating screen and the crushing and sorting machine to about 20 mm. According to the embodiment of the invention, the combustible garbage inlet of the shear type shredder is connected with the first combustible garbage outlet of the drum screen, the second combustible garbage outlet of the vibrating screen and the third combustible garbage outlet of the crushing and sorting machine through the second conveying device, and the second magnetic separator is arranged above the second conveying device. Specifically, referring to fig. 2, a second conveyor 20 and a second magnetic separator 21 are disposed between the shear-type shredder 800 and the drum screen 300, the vibrating screen 400, and the crushing and sorting machine 500. Thus, the second magnetic separator 21 can be used to separate iron from the first to third combustible waste in the process of feeding the first to third combustible waste to the shear type shredder 800.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the pyrolysis apparatus 900 is connected to the shear type shredder 800, and can perform pyrolysis treatment on the shredded garbage to obtain pyrolytic carbon and pyrolysis oil gas. According to a specific example of the present invention, the pyrolysis apparatus 900 has a drum structure, the drum structure is rotatable, and the inside thereof has a spiral structure. The pyrolysis device can carry out pyrolysis treatment on the shredded garbage through a hot air indirect heating mode, and the temperature in the pyrolysis device can be 450-500 ℃.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the cooling device 1000 is connected to the pyrolysis device 900, and may cool the pyrolysis oil gas to obtain pyrolysis oil and a second pyrolysis gas. According to a specific example of the present invention, the cooling device 1000 is an indirect water-cooling device, and water is used as a cooling medium to cool and collect pyrolysis oil in the pyrolysis oil gas.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the combustion apparatus 1100 is connected to the carbonizing apparatus 900 and the cooling apparatus 1000, and can obtain a high-temperature medium (hot wind) by combustion of the first and second pyrolysis gases and use the high-temperature medium as a heat source for the drying apparatus, the carbonizing apparatus, and the pyrolyzing apparatus. The pyrolysis oil separated by the cooling apparatus 1000 may be used as a fuel for the combustion apparatus 1000. Specifically, the combustion device can comprise a combustor, a combustion chamber and a primary air distribution fan, and the secondary air distribution fan and the combustor are suitable for combustion of pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, the household garbage disposal system of the present invention further comprises: the exhaust gas treatment device 1200. The tail gas treatment device 1200 is connected with the tail gas outlet of the drying device 600, and the tail gas discharged by the system can be treated and then discharged after reaching the standard. Specifically, the tail gas treatment device can cool, remove dust and remove pollution factors (NOx and SO) from the tail gas of the system2Suspended particles, etc.), which may include bag-type dust collector, water washing tower, alkali washing tower, tail end activated carbon adsorption device, etc.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, the vibrating screen 400 may be connected to the crushing classifier 500 by a third conveyor 30, the crushing classifier 500 may be connected to the drying device 600 by a fourth conveyor 40, the drying device 600 may be connected to the carbonizing device 700 by a fifth conveyor 50, and the shear crusher 800 may be connected to the pyrolyzing device 900 by a sixth conveyor 60. The first conveyor 10 is preferably a screw conveyor or a belt conveyor, the second conveyor 20 is preferably a screw conveyor, the third conveyor 30 is preferably a screw conveyor or a belt conveyor, and the fourth conveyor 40, the fifth conveyor 50, and the sixth conveyor 60 are preferably screw conveyors.
As described above, the household garbage disposal system according to the embodiment of the present invention has at least the following advantages:
(1) the organic garbage and the combustible garbage of the household garbage are efficiently separated, and the purpose of 'dry-wet separation' is achieved.
(2) Further drying and carbonizing the organic garbage after efficient separation to generate pyrolysis gas and biochar; does not need additional dilution water and does not produce any sewage.
(3) The combustible garbage after high-efficient separation is further pyrolyzed, produces pyrolysis oil and pyrolytic carbon, and energy recovery efficiency is high, does not need extra supplementary heat source in the system, reduces whole running cost.
(4) The garbage is pyrolyzed and carbonized to generate biochar for soil improvement, landscaping and the like, and the processed biochar is used as fuel of industrial kilns such as cement kilns, smelting furnaces and the like and can also be used as a reducing agent for smelting. The recycling and reduction degree is high, and the aim of ecological cycle is well fulfilled.
In another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a domestic garbage disposal method implemented by using the domestic garbage disposal system of the above embodiment. According to the embodiment of the invention, the household garbage treatment method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of (1) breaking a bag of household garbage to be treated, supplying the household garbage to a drum screen for first separation treatment to obtain first combustible garbage and first separated garbage;
feeding the first sorted garbage into a vibrating screen for second sorting treatment to obtain second combustible garbage and second sorted garbage;
feeding the second sorted garbage into a crushing and sorting machine for third sorting treatment to obtain third combustible garbage and third sorted garbage;
feeding the third sorted garbage into a drying device for drying treatment to obtain dry garbage and tail gas;
feeding the dry garbage into a carbonization device for carbonization treatment to obtain biochar and first pyrolysis gas;
feeding the first combustible garbage, the second combustible garbage and the third combustible garbage into a shear type shredder for shearing and shredding to obtain shredded garbage;
feeding the shredded garbage into a pyrolysis device for pyrolysis treatment to obtain pyrolysis oil gas and pyrolysis carbon;
supplying the pyrolysis oil gas into a cooling device for cooling treatment to obtain pyrolysis oil and second pyrolysis gas;
and supplying the first pyrolysis gas and the second pyrolysis gas to a combustion device for combustion to obtain a high-temperature medium, and using the high-temperature medium for carbonization treatment, pyrolysis treatment and drying treatment.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method for treating domestic garbage further comprises: and supplying the tail gas discharged from the drying device to a tail gas treatment device for treatment.
The household garbage disposal method is implemented by using the household garbage disposal system, so that the household garbage disposal method has all the characteristics and advantages described above for the household garbage disposal system, and is not repeated herein.
The invention will now be described with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and not to be limiting in any way.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides a household garbage treatment system, which comprises the following specific implementation flows:
domestic waste of a certain market is taken as a raw material, and the component composition is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 composition of household garbage (wt%)
In a domestic garbage treatment project of 100 ton/day scale, combustible garbage is removed by 29 ton/day after being sorted by a drum sieve, and the size of a sieve pore is 100 mm; 1 ton/day of iron product is selected by a No. 1 magnetic separator; removing 15 tons/day of combustible garbage after screening and sorting by a vibrating screen, wherein the size of a screen hole is 60 mm; then separating out 15 tons/day of light combustible garbage by using a crushing and sorting machine, and crushing and pulping the organic garbage to the particle size of 10 mm; the organic garbage after pulping is 40 tons/day, the water content is 60%, the organic garbage is conveyed to a drying device through a screw conveyor, the internal temperature is 200-300 ℃, the organic garbage after drying is 20 tons/day, the water content is 20%, the organic garbage enters a carbonization device, the internal temperature is 500-600 ℃, an indirect hot air heating mode is adopted, and the biochar after carbonization is 4 tons/day.
The total amount of combustible garbage sorted by a rolling sieve, a vibrating sieve and a crushing and sorting machine is 59 tons/day, iron products of 1 ton/day are sorted by a No. 2 magnetic separator and then enter a pyrolysis device for pyrolysis, the internal temperature is 450-500 ℃, an indirect hot air heating mode is adopted, the amount of produced pyrolysis oil is 12 tons/day, and the amount of pyrolysis carbon is 7 tons/day.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A household garbage disposal system is characterized by comprising;
a feeder;
a bag breaker disposed above the feeder;
the rotary screen is provided with a first garbage inlet, a first combustible garbage outlet and a first separated garbage outlet, and the first garbage inlet is connected with the feeding machine;
the vibrating screen is provided with a second garbage inlet, a second combustible garbage outlet and a second sorted garbage outlet, and the second garbage inlet is connected with the second sorted garbage outlet;
the crushing and sorting machine is provided with a third garbage inlet, a third combustible garbage outlet and a third sorted garbage outlet, and the third garbage inlet is connected with the third sorted garbage outlet;
the drying device is provided with a garbage inlet to be dried, a first heat medium inlet, a tail gas outlet and a dried garbage outlet, and the garbage inlet to be dried is connected with the garbage outlet after the third separation;
the carbonization device is provided with a dry garbage inlet, a second heat medium outlet, a first pyrolysis gas outlet and a biochar outlet, the dry garbage inlet is connected with the dry garbage outlet, and the second heat medium outlet is connected with the first heat medium inlet;
the shearing type shredder is provided with a combustible garbage inlet and a shredded garbage outlet, and the combustible garbage inlet is connected with the first combustible garbage outlet, the second combustible garbage outlet and the third combustible garbage outlet;
the pyrolysis device is provided with a shredded garbage inlet, a third heat medium outlet, a pyrolysis oil gas outlet and a pyrolysis carbon outlet, the shredded garbage inlet is connected with the shredded garbage outlet, and the third heat medium outlet is connected with the first heat medium inlet;
the cooling device is provided with a pyrolysis oil gas inlet, a second pyrolysis gas outlet and a pyrolysis oil outlet, and the pyrolysis oil gas inlet is connected with the pyrolysis oil gas outlet;
the combustion device is provided with a fourth heat medium inlet and a fourth heat medium outlet, the fourth heat medium inlet is connected with the first pyrolysis gas outlet and the second pyrolysis gas outlet, and the fourth heat medium outlet is connected with the second heat medium inlet and the third heat medium inlet.
2. The household waste disposal system according to claim 1, wherein the second waste inlet is connected to the first sorted waste outlet by a first conveyor device, and a first magnetic separator is disposed above the first conveyor device.
3. The domestic waste treatment system of claim 1 wherein the combustible waste inlet is connected to the first combustible waste outlet, the second combustible waste outlet, and the third combustible waste outlet by a second conveyor, and a second magnetic separator is disposed above the second conveyor.
4. The household garbage treatment system according to claim 1, wherein a sieve pore with a pore diameter of 90-120 mm is arranged in the drum sieve;
optionally, a screen hole with the aperture of 40-70 mm is formed in the vibrating screen.
5. The household garbage disposal system according to claim 1, wherein the crushing and sorting machine is a vertical centrifugal sorting machine, and a sieve having a pore diameter of 10 to 20mm is provided therein.
6. The household garbage disposal system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising: and the tail gas treatment device is connected with the tail gas outlet.
7. A method for treating domestic waste by using the domestic waste treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising:
the method comprises the steps of (1) breaking a bag of household garbage to be treated, supplying the household garbage to a drum screen for first separation treatment to obtain first combustible garbage and first separated garbage;
feeding the first sorted garbage into a vibrating screen for second sorting treatment to obtain second combustible garbage and second sorted garbage;
feeding the second sorted garbage into a crushing and sorting machine for third sorting treatment to obtain third combustible garbage and third sorted garbage;
feeding the third sorted garbage into a drying device for drying treatment to obtain dry garbage and tail gas;
feeding the dry garbage into a carbonization device for carbonization treatment to obtain biochar and first pyrolysis gas;
feeding the first combustible garbage, the second combustible garbage and the third combustible garbage into a shear type shredder for shearing and shredding to obtain shredded garbage;
feeding the shredded garbage into a pyrolysis device for pyrolysis treatment to obtain pyrolysis oil gas and pyrolysis carbon;
supplying the pyrolysis oil gas into a cooling device for cooling treatment to obtain pyrolysis oil and second pyrolysis gas;
and supplying the first pyrolysis gas and the second pyrolysis gas to a combustion device for combustion to obtain a high-temperature medium, and using the high-temperature medium for the carbonization treatment, the pyrolysis treatment and the drying treatment.
8. The domestic waste treatment method according to claim 7, further comprising: magnetically separating the second sorted refuse while the second sorted refuse is being supplied to the crushing and sorting machine;
optionally, further comprising: and in the process of supplying the first combustible garbage, the second combustible garbage and the third combustible garbage to a shear type shredder, carrying out magnetic separation on the first combustible garbage, the second combustible garbage and the third combustible garbage.
9. The household garbage treatment method according to claim 7, wherein the temperature adopted by the drying treatment is 200-300 ℃;
optionally, the temperature adopted by the carbonization treatment is 500-600 ℃;
optionally, the temperature adopted by the pyrolysis treatment is 450-500 ℃.
10. The domestic waste treatment method according to claim 7, further comprising: and supplying the tail gas into a tail gas treatment device for treatment.
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| CN201911259720.9A CN111019675A (en) | 2019-12-10 | 2019-12-10 | Household garbage treatment system and method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111589845A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-08-28 | 北京云水浩瑞环境科技有限公司 | System and method for treating household garbage |
| CN114308978A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-04-12 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Garbage treatment system and method |
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2019
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111589845A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-08-28 | 北京云水浩瑞环境科技有限公司 | System and method for treating household garbage |
| CN114308978A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-04-12 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Garbage treatment system and method |
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